It corresponds to the zodiac sign the Sun appeared to be in front of when you are born. Because the Earth completes one revolution around the Sun each year, the Sun moves through all the Zodiac Sun Signs in the same order every year. For example, everyone born right before the Spring Equinox (currently in early March) is always a Pisces.
*Note that there is an offset between Sun Signs in the Tropical and Sidereal zodiacs; we use the Tropical zodiac.
The rising sign is the zodiac sign that was on the eastern horizon when and where you were born.