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Compounds or physical factors assessed by IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) are classified in four
groups based on the existing scientific evidence for carcinogenicity.
Group 1: "Carcinogenic to humans" There is enough evidence to
conclude that it can cause cancer in humans.
IARC definition and list of compounds
Group 2A: "Probably carcinogenic to humans" There is strong
evidence that it can cause cancer in humans, but at present it is not
conclusive.
IARC definition and list of
compounds
Group 2B: "Possibly carcinogenic to humans" There is some
evidence that it can cause cancer in humans but at present it is far from
conclusive.
IARC definition and list of
compounds
Group 3: "Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans" There is no evidence at present that it causes cancer in humans.
IARC definition and list of
compounds
Group 4: "Probably not carcinogenic to humans" There is strong
evidence that it does not cause cancer in humans.
IARC definition and compound listed
Standard IARC classification categorization descriptions
Group 1: "The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to
humans."
"This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in
humans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when
evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is
sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong
evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant
mechanism of carcinogenicity."
Group 2 (A and B): "This category includes agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances
for which, at one extreme, the degree of evidence of carcinogenicity in humans
is almost sufficient, as well as those for which, at the other extreme, there
are no human data but for which there is evidence of carcinogenicity in
experimental animals. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances are assigned
to either group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) or group 2B (possibly
carcinogenic to humans) on the basis of epidemiological and experimental
evidence of carcinogenicity and other relevant data."
Group 2A: "The agent (mixture) is probably carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are probably
carcinogenic to humans."
"This category is used when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in
humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In
some cases, an agent (mixture) may be classified in this category when there is
inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of
carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence that the
carcinogenesis is mediated by a mechanism that also operates in humans.
Exceptionally, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance may be classified in
this category solely on the basis of limited evidence of carcinogenicity in
humans."
Group 2B: "The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans."
"The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to
humans.
This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for
which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than
sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be
used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is
sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some
instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is
inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of
carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from
other relevant data may be placed in this group."
Group 3: "The agent (mixture) is unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans."
"This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure
circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans
and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents
(mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but
sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is
strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals
does not operate in humans.
Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other
group are also placed in this category."
Group 4: "The agent (mixture) is probably not carcinogenic to humans."
"This category is used for agents or mixtures for which there is evidence
suggesting lack of carcinogenicity in humans and in experimental animals. In
some instances, agents or mixtures for which there is inadequate evidence of
carcinogenicity in humans but evidence suggesting lack of carcinogenicity in
experimental animals, consistently and strongly supported by a broad range of
other relevant data, may be classified in this group."
The only agent in that group is: Caprolactam (see Group 4 to date)