How To Become a Computer Programmer in 6 Steps (With FAQs)

Updated February 3, 2023

Person sitting at computer and reviewing code on multiple monitors.

Computer programmers have the opportunity to work in a wide array of challenging settings that test their analytical skills and problem-solving capabilities. The career requires considerable mental capacity, knowledge and experience. Learning more about this career and its requirements may help you determine if it's a good option for you to purse.In this article, we discuss what a computer programmer does, outline how to become a computer programmer, list essential skills for this career and review some important topics related to the career path.

What does a computer programmer do?

Computer programmers typically work with software developers who design and create applications and actualize their ideas by writing the code that makes the programs function. Programmers also typically design user interfaces for computer programs and perform basic quality assurance testing on the programs they write. They ensure the basic functionality of the code and then test it further to look for potential bugs or glitches. This may continue after the organization releases the program to market. As such, computer programmers often develop and apply big fixes and solutions to address newfound issues and security concerns.Computer programmers generally belong to one of two categories, but they often collaborate on projects to ensure compatibility between software applications and hardware systems. The categories of computer programmers are:

Applications programmers: Applications programmers are responsible for writing, optimizing and customizing code for applications created with specific purposes. These applications may include smartphone apps and computer games.
Systems programmers: Systems programmers are responsible for creating operating systems and ensuring applications work with the operating systems as intended. This requires considering the larger scope of the project and how each part works.

How to become a computer programmer

Here are the steps you can take to pursue a computer programmer career:

1. Learn programming

Being a computer programmer requires a passion for coding and programming, as well as general knowledge of some important concepts. Employers often seek programmers with competence in general coding, so it's crucial to learn the fundamentals and develop good coding habits early. You can learn many of these from school, but there are many resources like books and websites available for you to learn how to program on your own time, and many lessons are available for free. Consider beginning to learn to code by yourself before pursuing further education to acquire basic knowledge that you can develop.An effective way to improve at programming is to experiment with code at every opportunity. When working on new projects, try to explore different approaches to coding whenever possible to speed up the process profile of learning the fundamental concepts. Combining this practical and explorative approach with theoretical learning is a great way to retain valuable information that you might find useful in other projects.Read more: 17 Reasons Why You Should Learn Computer Programming

2. Get a degree

While it may be possible to become a computer programmer without a degree, many employers seek candidates who have one. Consider earning a bachelor's degree in a field like computer science, information systems, mathematics or information technology. These programs may education you about key concepts or theories that may be challenging to learn on your own. While not a requirement, you also have the option to earn a master's degree in an area like computer science to learn even more about the field.If you don't want to pursue a four-year degree, think about a two-year associate degree from a community college. This may help you learn about computer programming, programming languages and software development. You may also explore other opportunities to study on your own, develop your skills or work with a mentor.

3. Choose an area of specialization

As there are many programming languages and potential specialties, it's important to choose a specialization to ensure you have the skill level to work in your desired area. Think about your preferences and what types of projects you enjoy or want to complete, and use this to help you choose your specialty. Explore opportunities to develop your knowledge of your chosen path further, such as courses related to mastering a specific language. If you're not sure what to specialize in, consider focusing on a general-purpose language or one that's in high demand to help you qualify for more jobs.Read more: 10 Types of Computer Programmers: Specializations and Duties

4. Gain practical experience

Direct programming experience can add to the knowledge you gain with self-directed or classroom learning. Employers often value practical experience in addition to educational achievement, so it's important to look for opportunities. Consider starting with small projects to help you develop your skills, and then advance to more complex projects as you advance your skills.One option is volunteering for programming projects. Charities and nonprofit organizations often look for people willing to contribute their talents and experience. Another option is looking for an internship that allows you to work on entry-level programming projects with the supervision of a senior developer or manager. This may also help you grow your network and learn about potential future employment opportunities.Related: 9 of the Best Entry-Level Programmer Jobs To Pursue

5. Keep improving

There's always something new to learn in the programming realm. Experts develop, modify and revise new computer languages all of the time. It's crucial to continue learning and developing your skills to remain competitive. Continuing education is always beneficial, whether it means learning new languages or exploring the possibilities with new systems.

6. Build a network

Developing and fostering your network with other computer programmers or people in similar occupations is also important for career growth. This may include looking for new contacts, attending events or keeping in contact with your existing contacts. Research joining an active community of programmers, whether online or in the real world. This may help you learn about new opportunities and explore ways to develop your skills.Try to attend as many local and virtual events as you can, such as conferences and meetings, to enjoy plenty of opportunities to expand your network and to meet people in the industry. National and international events may be even more valuable for putting you in touch with established professionals who are working in your niche. Don't forget to connect with other professionals during breaks and casual gatherings. For many programmers, the less-regimented environment outside a seminar or presentation provides many more opportunities to build networks and to learn about new programming trends.Read more: The Benefits of Networking: 14 Reasons To Start Your Network

Computer programmer skills

Becoming a computer programmer requires developing hard and soft skills. Hard skills are technical skills relevant to a specific career, and skills for people in this field largely include programming languages. Examples of hard skills for a computer programmer include:

ASP.NET
C#
C++
CSS
Database manipulation
HTML
Java
JavaScript
Linux
PHP
Python
SQL
Visual Basic

Soft skills include skills you may naturally have as a person. You demonstrate them through your actions, habits and personality. Examples of important soft skills for computer programmers include:

Adaptability
Attention to detail
Communication
Multitasking
Organization
Patience
Problem-solving
Teamwork

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Computer programmer salary

The national average salary for a computer programmer is $72,508 per year. It's important to remember that salaries for computer programmers vary. Factors include experience level, area of specialization, employer and geographical location.For the most up-to-date salary information from Indeed, click on the link provided.Related: 7 Pros and 4 Cons of Being a Programmer

Frequently asked questions

What skills do I need to be a computer programmer?

Aside from knowing how to code, computer programmers can also benefit from having the following skills:
Critical thinking- Problem-solving
- Troubleshooting
- Attention to detail
- Multitasking
- Reading comprehension
- Lateral thinking
- Patience and determination

How long does it take to become a computer programmer?

How long it takes to become a computer programmer depends on the path you choose to take. Bachelor's degrees typically take about four years to complete, while associate degrees typically take two years to complete. It's also essential to consider how long it takes to learn programming in your own time and the hours necessary for continued learning and education. Many programmers study and practice for five years or more before they can take on complex projects.
Read more: FAQ: How Long Does It Take To Become a Computer Programmer?

What are the academic requirements for becoming a computer programmer?

Many companies prefer to hire candidates who have at least earned a bachelor's degree in a relevant field. However, some consider candidates who have associate degrees for demanding positions if they have the relevant experience to back up their education. Those looking for jobs in research or academia may benefit from having a graduate degree, which often requires four to six years of study in addition to the bachelor's program. Those without a degree may also qualify for technical positions if they can show an exemplary track record of working in professional settings.

Please note that none of the companies mentioned in this article are affiliated with Indeed.