Pollution Overview, Types & Examples
Table of Contents
ShowWhat are some types of pollution?
There are many types of pollution. Generally, pollution can be classified as air, land, or water pollution. Additional types of pollution, such as sound and light, are less traditionally recognized.
How does biological pollution affect the environment?
Biological pollution is often environmentally derived, meaning it's from the environment. It can have both positive and potentially negative effects on the environment.
What is an example of biological pollution?
Biological pollution is when naturally derived substances cause harm to humans. An example of a biological pollutant is pollen because it can cause allergies in humans.
What is the biological pollution of water?
Biological pollution of water is the buildup of biologically derived substances in water, such as bacteria or fungus. One example of biological pollution in water is the presence of coliform bacteria. The presence of this bacteria indicates there has been fecal contamination of water.
Table of Contents
ShowPollution is the act of a harmful or damaging substance being released into the environment. The harmful or damaging substance is called a pollutant. There are typically five recognized categories of pollution or examples of pollution: air, land, water, noise, and light. Air pollution is usually caused by the release of harmful gases into the atmosphere. Land and water pollution are usually caused by the inadvertent release of a harmful substance or the runoff of a harmful substance. Noise pollution is not caused by a tangible substance but rather the noise of a busy environment, such as a city. Finally, light pollution is caused by the cumulative effect of many lights on the night sky. Light pollution has proven to be detrimental to nocturnal animals, disrupting their ambient environments.
Types and Examples of Environmental Pollution
The environmental pollution definition is the damaging effects to Earth, specifically land, air, and water, caused by human activity. Examples of environmental pollution include air, water, and soil pollution. Environmental pollution is caused by the actions of humans. Air pollution has a variety of causes related to human activity. Air pollution can be caused by small particulates present in the air, such as soot or ash from the burning of a substance. Air pollution can also be caused by the release of toxic gases, such as carbon dioxide, from the burning of fossil fuels. Water pollution has many causes, including litter, such as plastic bags and bottles, entering the watershed, runoff from fertilizer, oil spills, and the disposal of raw sewage directly into a watershed. Land, or soil, pollution is defined by the presence of toxic substances in soil or litter.
There are a variety of ways to reduce environmental pollution. One prominent way to reduce air pollution is by using cleaner forms of energy. The burning of fossil fuels releases toxic gases into the atmosphere, negatively affecting plants and animal life. Another way to reduce pollution is to be more mindful of the waste we produce. Recycling products and goods help keep materials out of landfills. One way to reduce pollution, which is growing in popularity, is through green products. This means using natural products to accomplish tasks, such as cleaning, traditionally done with harmful chemicals.
Physical Pollution
Physical pollution is when materials or objects are introduced into the environment, causing toxicity or harm. Litter, such as the incorrect disposal of water bottles, is considered a primary type of physical pollution.
A large contributing factor to physical pollution on Earth is landfills. Landfills are areas of land that are designated locations for trash disposal. Landfills typically have ground that has been dug out and lined with a waterproof barrier as a means to prevent soil contamination. Once the landfill is full, the soil is layered on top of the waste. Landfills contribute to pollution in a few ways. First, landfills contribute to greenhouse gases, which progressively insulate Earth. Additionally, the waste in landfills can contaminate the soil and the land surrounding the landfill itself.
Chemical Pollution
Chemical pollution is defined as any harmful chemical being released into the soil, air, or water by humans. There are many chemical pollutants, including mercury, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Some processes release these pollutants into the environment from industrial waste, excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and chemical factories.
One type of chemical pollution called dioxin is particularly harmful to human health and has been shown to weaken the immune system. Dioxin is a common byproduct in industry and is often released from waste incineration. In addition to affecting human health, dioxin has been shown to affect seed development in plants.
Another chemical pollutant that affects the human immune system is pesticides. After being applied to crops, pesticides make their way into the soil and often runoff into watersheds. Pesticides are also incredibly harmful to the environment because they can disrupt the biodiversity in an area.
A common category of chemical pollution is fertilizers. Fertilizers can run off into water supplies and cause an excess of algae, phytoplankton, and plant life that deplete oxygen levels in the water leading to the death of other aquatic organisms.
Biological Pollution
Biological pollution are substances derived from nature that cause human harm. For example, pollen can be considered a biological pollutant because it can cause allergies in some humans. Another example of biological pollution is bacteria. Bacteria, made of single-celled organisms, can cause great harm to humans through bacterial infections. However, bacteria can also benefit humans. Human digestive systems contain healthy bacteria that aid in digestion. Biological pollutants have the unique ability to adapt to the environment because they are ordinarily derived from living things. Certain types of biological pollution can indicate contamination from humans. For example, the presence of coliform bacteria in water indicates human fecal matter in the water.
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Environmental pollution is anything released into the environment that can cause harm. A pollutant is a substance or object that is released into the environment that causes harm. Examples of environmental pollution include air, land, and water pollution. Types of pollution include physical pollution, chemical pollution, and biological pollution. Physical pollution is often the result of improper waste disposal or landfills. Litter, such as improperly disposed water bottles, can cause harm to plant and animal life. Landfills are areas for waste disposal covered with soil. Chemical Pollution results from the release of harmful or toxic chemicals into the environment, often as the result of industrial waste. Runoff of fertilizers is another form of chemical pollution. When fertilizers runoff into watersheds, they can lead to an increase in aquatic plant life. This increased plant life depletes oxygen levels for other aquatic organisms. Biological pollution are environmentally derived substances that can cause human harm. An example of a biological pollutant is pollen. Pollen is biologically derived but can cause humans to have allergies. Biological pollutants can adapt to their surroundings because of their biological origins.
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Video Transcript
Pollution
Ask someone to describe pollution, and you will get a variety of answers. For some, their mind turns to factories that spew out black smoke into the atmosphere. Others might think about pollution in rivers and streams that is not easily seen but leads to the loss of fish and other aquatic life. Still others will look at the side of the road and notice litter that was carelessly thrown out. Each of these individuals is correct in their description of pollution, and we see that pollution takes many forms. In this lesson, we will learn about different types of pollution and how they impact the environment.
A pollutant is a substance that pollutes the air, water or land. This term is used to describe things in the environment that do not belong. In a broader sense, the term 'pollutant' has even been used to describe undesirable levels of sound or light. For example, the lights and never-ending traffic noise on the Las Vegas Strip are examples of light and noise pollutants.
Pollution is the presence of a pollutant in the environment and is often the result of human actions. Pollution has a detrimental effect on the environment. Animals, fish and other aquatic life, plants and humans all suffer when pollution is not controlled.
Physical Pollution
Of the different types of pollution, physical pollution may be the most recognizable. Simply stated, physical pollution is the introduction of discarded materials into the environment. Physical pollution is what you might refer to as trash and is the direct result of human actions. In other words, nature does not produce physical pollution because in natural systems, all byproducts or wastes are eventually recycled back into the environment. For example, in nature, a fallen tree will degrade and eventually return nutrients to the soil.
However, physical pollutants, such as discarded water bottles and plastic bags along with waste materials from industrial or manufacturing processes, do not naturally degrade and can accumulate or leach chemicals into the ground or water supplies as they breakdown. Physical pollutants are often sent to landfills, which are designated areas for trash disposal in which the waste is dumped and then covered by soil.
Landfills keep physical pollutants confined to one area, and many modern landfills are lined with layers of clay or plastic to prevent leakage. However, as buried waste products and organic matter decompose, they can release methane gas, carbon dioxide and other gases that are harmful to the environment.
Chemical Pollution
Chemical pollution is another type of pollution. It is defined as the introduction of chemicals into the environment. Chemicals may not be seen by the naked eye, but they can cause problems in all areas of the environment, from the air we breathe to the freshwater we drink to the soil we use for growing crops.
Agricultural practices are one example of a chemical pollution source. Pesticides used to control insects and fertilizers used to make soil more fertile contain nitrogen, phosphorus and other chemicals. These chemicals can run off of a farmer's field and enter waterways. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilize tiny plant life in the body of water, causing rapid growth and eventually depleting oxygen levels in the water to the point where fish and other species of life cannot survive. Chemical pollution from pesticides and fertilizers can also contaminate soil if used in excess. Other sources of soil contamination include the leaking of chemicals from mines and landfills.
Chemical pollution is also seen in the air. The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and natural gas, release chemical pollutants into the atmosphere. These fossil fuels may be used in our vehicles or by utilities or industries. These chemical pollutants are referred to as greenhouse gases, which are gases in the atmosphere that absorb infrared radiation and trap heat.
For example, the car you drive to work most likely runs on fossil fuels. As this fuel is burned, the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. Another example is the release of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere when coal is burned. Sulfur dioxide contributes to acid rain, which is the phenomenon by which impurities combine with water vapor and fall to the earth.
Biological Pollution
Up to this point, we have looked at pollution caused by non-living materials or chemicals. However, biological pollution is the introduction of living organisms, which grow and become invasive, into the environment. Like physical and chemical pollution, biological pollution is mainly due to human interference. Not all foreign organisms will thrive in a new environment; however, biological pollutants not only thrive but they adapt to their new surroundings, multiply and spread at a rapid rate.
This can choke out native species. For this reason, biological pollutants are sometimes referred to as invasive alien species or invasive exotic pests. Some microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses or fungi that contaminate water or lead to human disease, are examples of biological pollution.
Other examples include invasive weed species that grow in unwanted areas or pests that cause destruction in natural environments, such as the gypsy moth, which is an invasive forest pest that made its way from Europe to the United States where it causes widespread defoliation of trees.
Lesson Summary
Let's review. A pollutant is a substance that pollutes the air, water or land and pollution is the presence of a pollutant in the environment. Pollution is often the result of human actions and has a detrimental effect on the environment.
Physical pollution is the introduction of discarded materials into the environment, what you might refer to as trash. Physical pollutants are often sent to landfills, which are designated areas for trash disposal in which the waste is dumped and then covered by soil.
Chemical pollution is another type of pollution. It is defined as the introduction of chemicals into the environment. Agricultural practices are one example of a chemical pollution source. Pesticides used to control insects and fertilizers used to make soil more fertile contain nitrogen, phosphorus and other chemicals. These chemicals can contaminate soil or run off into bodies of water where they can deplete oxygen levels. The burning of fossil fuels release chemical pollutants into the air called greenhouse gases and can also lead to acid rain.
Biological pollution is the introduction of living organisms, which grow and become invasive, into the environment. This can choke out native species. Examples include some microorganisms, invasive weed species and the gypsy moth, which is an invasive forest pest.
Learning Outcome
When you have finished this video lesson, you should:
- Discuss pollution and it's harmful effects
- Recall that physical pollution consists of discarded materials
- Deduce that chemical pollution easily contaminates water, soil, and/or air
- Recognize that biological pollution is man introducing a species which can take out an ecosystem
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