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Terms in this set (11)
What are the three categories of antibiotic resistance?
Urgent-> immediate action->worst
Serious- prompt action
concerning
Serious- prompt action
concerning
What are examples of urgent threats?
C. diff.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)
Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae
What are examples of serious threats?
-Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter
-Drug-resistant Campylobacter
-Fluconazole-resistant Candida (a fungus)
- ESBLs
-VRE
-Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-Drug-resistant Non-typhoidal Salmonella
-Drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi
-Drug-resistant Shigella
-MRSA
-Drug-resistant Strep. pneumoniae
-Drug-resistant tuberculosis
-Drug-resistant Campylobacter
-Fluconazole-resistant Candida (a fungus)
- ESBLs
-VRE
-Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-Drug-resistant Non-typhoidal Salmonella
-Drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi
-Drug-resistant Shigella
-MRSA
-Drug-resistant Strep. pneumoniae
-Drug-resistant tuberculosis
What are examples of concerning threats?
-VRSA
-Erythromycin-resistant Group A Strep.
-Clindamycin-resistant Group B Strep.
-Erythromycin-resistant Group A Strep.
-Clindamycin-resistant Group B Strep.
What is the definition of antimicrobial stewardship?
Coordinated interventions designed to improve and measure the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents by promoting the selection of the optimal antimicrobial drug regimen including dosing, duration of therapy, and route of administration
What are the objectives of antimicrobial stewardship?
-achieve best clinical outcomes related to antimicrobial use while minimizing toxicity and other adverse events, thereby limiting the selective pressure on bacterial populations that drives the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains"
-may reduce excessive costs attributable to suboptimal antimicrobial use
-may reduce excessive costs attributable to suboptimal antimicrobial use
What are the core elements of hospital antibiotic stewardship programs?
-Leadership Commitment: Dedicating necessary human, financial and information technology resources
-Accountability: Appointing a single leader responsible for program outcomes. Experience with successful programs show that a physician leader is effective
-Drug Expertise: Appointing a single pharmacist leader responsible for working to improve antibiotic use.
-Action: Implementing at least one recommended action, such as systemic evaluation of ongoing treatment need after a set period of initial treatment (i.e. "antibiotic time out" after 48 hours)
-Tracking: Monitoring antibiotic prescribing and resistance patterns
-Reporting: Regular reporting information on antibiotic use and resistance to doctors, nurses and relevant staff
-Education: Educating clinicians about resistance and optimal prescribing
-Accountability: Appointing a single leader responsible for program outcomes. Experience with successful programs show that a physician leader is effective
-Drug Expertise: Appointing a single pharmacist leader responsible for working to improve antibiotic use.
-Action: Implementing at least one recommended action, such as systemic evaluation of ongoing treatment need after a set period of initial treatment (i.e. "antibiotic time out" after 48 hours)
-Tracking: Monitoring antibiotic prescribing and resistance patterns
-Reporting: Regular reporting information on antibiotic use and resistance to doctors, nurses and relevant staff
-Education: Educating clinicians about resistance and optimal prescribing
What is the Detect and Protect Against Antibiotic Resistance Initiative (AR initiative)?
-CDC federal initiative initiative aimed at reducing antibiotic resistance
-Requests $30 million in annual funding for the next five years to successfully implement a strategy to cut antibiotic resistance and healthcare-associated infections
-Requests $30 million in annual funding for the next five years to successfully implement a strategy to cut antibiotic resistance and healthcare-associated infections
What is Detect and Protect Against Antibiotic Resistance Initiative (AR initiative) targeting?
-50% decrease in healthcare-associated C. difficile
-50% reduction in healthcare-associated carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
-30% reduction in healthcare-associated MDR Pseudomonas
-30% reduction in invasive MRSA
-25% reduction in MDR Salmonella infections
-50% reduction in healthcare-associated carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
-30% reduction in healthcare-associated MDR Pseudomonas
-30% reduction in invasive MRSA
-25% reduction in MDR Salmonella infections
What are the 4 core actions identified by Detect and Protect Against Antibiotic Resistance Initiative (AR initiative) targeting?
-Detect and track antibiotic resistance
-Respond to outbreaks involving antibiotic-resistant bacteria
-Prevent infections from occurring and resistant bacteria from spreading
-Discover new antibiotics and diagnostic tests for resistant bacteria
-Respond to outbreaks involving antibiotic-resistant bacteria
-Prevent infections from occurring and resistant bacteria from spreading
-Discover new antibiotics and diagnostic tests for resistant bacteria
What are the targets fighting resistance on 2 fronts for Detect and Protect Against Antibiotic Resistance Initiative (AR initiative) targeting?
-Improve detection through AR Regional Lab Network and a Resistant-Bacteria Bank and a Public Data Portal
-Closer collaboration with healthcare facilities to implement best practices and improve antimicrobial stewardship to help reduce antibiotic resistance
-Closer collaboration with healthcare facilities to implement best practices and improve antimicrobial stewardship to help reduce antibiotic resistance