Scientific Method Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet
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Scientific Method Psychology

Terms in this set (25)

Scientific method
The term is given to systematic steps which are used to plan, conduct and report research
Hypothesis
The term given to a testable prediction of the relationship between two or more events
participants or subjects
The persons or animals whose behaviour is systematically observed in a study.
research sample
The subsection of participants selected from a population of research interest
population
the entire group of research interest from which a sample is drawn
random sampling
a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Independent and dependent variables
the two types of variables that comprise a hypothesis
Dependent Variable (DV)
The measured outcome of a study; the responses of the subjects in a study.
experimental and control groups
In most experiments participants are assigned to one of two groups
experimental group
In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.
control group
In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.
Validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Reliability
Ability of a test to yield very similar scores for the same individual over repeated testings
Reliability and Validity
Techniques for evaluating the relationship between measured and conceptual variables
extraneous variable
In an experiment, a variable other than the IV that might cause unwanted changes in the DV.
Ethics in Psychology
rules of conduct recognised as appropriate to psychology and way of life to protect the wellbeing of participants of psychological research.
6 ethical principles of psychology
confidentially, voluntary participation, withdrawal rights, informed consent, and debriefing
Deception in psychology
conducting a study without informing participants of its purpose
Withdrawl rights
participants are free to participate or to decline to participate, even if the study has commenced
sampling
the process of selecting participants for a sample
stratified sampling
dividing the population to be sampled into distinct subgroups, or strata, then selecting a separate sample from each stratum, in the same proportions as they occur in the target population
stratified random sampling
A form of probability sampling; a random sampling technique in which the researcher identifies particular demographic categories of interest and then randomly selects individuals within each category.
Random allocation
Allocating participants to experimental groups or conditions using random techniques
placebo effect
experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behaviour caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent.
research question
must be specific and relevant to the claim
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