What Is the Average Net Worth of the Top 1%?

Many people believe that being wealthy means having a nice house, a late-model car, and a summer cottage but the kind of money possessed by the wealthiest 1% of the world's households dwarfs this concept. This 1% segment of the population owns large portions of major corporations, multibillion-dollar investment funds, islands in the Caribbean, and even rocket ships that take them into outer space.

The average net worth of the richest 1% of the global population's households has mushroomed in the last decades. It now towers above the net worth of the average citizen more than ever before.

America's Richest: A Demographic Breakdown

An individual would have to earn an annual average income of $407,500 per year to join the top 1%. A household would need a yearly income of $591,550.

Compare that to the median real earnings of all workers in the United States: $45,440 for individuals and $74,580 for households in 2022.

The media and politicians have largely portrayed this group as Wall Street fat cats but demographic analysis reveals a different picture. The wealthiest 1% are spread across many industries and come from many backgrounds. They include medical professionals, entrepreneurs, executives, and those who inherited their wealth.

The top 1% in the U.S. earned over 20% of the total adjusted gross income (AGI) in the U.S. and they paid just under 40% of all federal income taxes, according to Internal Revenue Service (IRS) data.

The Widening Wealth Gap

The net worth of the top 1% of American households rose steadily through the second half of the 20th century and beyond, according to the Economic Policy Institute.

• The wealthiest 1% in the U.S. had net worths equal to about 125 times that of the average American household in 1962.
• Their net worths were about 225 times the net worth of the average household by 2009.
• The gap between the richest and the poorest in the U.S. more than doubled between 1982 and 2016.

The minimum net worth of the top 1% of households is roughly $13.7 million. The top 10% have a net worth of about $1.9 million.

Growth in the wealth of middle-class Americans virtually ground to a halt somewhere around the turn of the 21st century. The median income for middle-class Americans rose at an average rate of 1.2% per year from 1970 to 2000. The rate slowed to 0.3% per year from 2000 to 2018.

The wealth of the top 1% continues to outstrip that of the entire middle class. The top earners hold more wealth than the middle and upper-middle classes put together.

There are various reasons for the disparity but one important factor is outsized stock ownership among the richest Americans. The 1% own more than 50% of the equity shares in both private and public companies. Much of their wealth comes from stock prices.

This can leave them vulnerable to declines in stock prices but they may become even richer if they take some stock gains and reinvest the money in investments catering to rich investors, such as hedge funds and private equity ventures.

Underlying Causes of the Wealth Gap

Much of the growing disparity can be traced to the steady flow of tax breaks for income, gifts, and estate taxes. These can disproportionately advantage wealthy Americans.

The first $13.61 million of an estate is exempt from taxes as of 2024. That figure is up from $12.92 million in 2023. The middle class also benefits from this reduction in taxes but it allows the wealthy to retain a much greater portion of their assets and pass that on to their heirs.

There's been a good deal of debate about how the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) influenced the wealthiest Americans. The Trump White House consistently defended the bill when it was passed in 2017, saying it helped put money back in the pockets of the middle class. Others disagreed.

Economists Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman argued in their 2019 book, The Triumph of Injustice, that the tax reform bill gave the wealthiest households an effective lower average tax rate than the rest of the U.S. population.

Criticism of the Top 1%

There's been a lot of criticism of the world's ultra-rich, especially those living in the United States. They've been accused of hoarding their wealth, lobbying for tax breaks, and not contributing their fair share in taxes.

Many politicians want to impose more taxes on the wealthy. Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) proposed a tax on ultra-millionaires as part of her 2016 campaign to become the Democratic presidential candidate for the 2020 election. Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT), also a candidate, pushed for an estate tax hike so billionaire heirs would pay more in taxes. But ideas like this have failed to gain traction.

President Joe Biden managed to get some measures through in his Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 that pursue new revenue sources from wealthy Americans. They include:

• Additional IRS funding to pursue unpaid taxes from those earning $400,000 or more.
• A minimum corporate tax of 15%.
• A 1% tax surcharge on stock buybacks to discourage excessive use of profits to reward shareholders and executives.
  

The Bottom Line

Income disparity is inevitable in a capitalist society and a free-enterprise economy. However, the fact that the disparity seems to be increasing is a source of growing concern for many. The share of the nation's wealth in the U.S. held by the top 1% increased from 23% to nearly 32% between 1989 and 2018. The amount of wealth held by the 1% continues to grow.

Correction–April 23, 2024: This article has been updated to cite Forbes information regarding the number of billionaires in the world and their accumulated wealth. It has also been updated to cite that the net worth of the top 1% was $13.7 million in 2023.