US4792234A - Portable concrete batch plant - Google Patents
Portable concrete batch plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4792234A US4792234A US06/816,421 US81642186A US4792234A US 4792234 A US4792234 A US 4792234A US 81642186 A US81642186 A US 81642186A US 4792234 A US4792234 A US 4792234A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- hopper
- conveyor
- aggregate
- mixing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHOITXIGCFIULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alophen Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(=O)C)=CC=C1C(C=1N=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC(C)=O)C=C1 KHOITXIGCFIULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C9/00—General arrangement or layout of plant
- B28C9/04—General arrangement or layout of plant the plant being mobile, e.g. mounted on a carriage or a set of carriages
- B28C9/0454—Self-contained units, i.e. mobile plants having storage containers for the ingredients
Definitions
- This invention relates to concrete batch plants for mixing concrete to specifications at a job site, and more particularly to an improved mobile batch plant adapted for highway transportation as a single unit.
- a mobile concrete batch plant for on-site production of concrete.
- the plant includes a trailer bed upon which are mounted the various other parts of the invention, and which allows the plant to be transported by highway as a single unit.
- a cement storage bin is mounted on the bed and is filled with cement from an external source, such as a truck.
- a cement weigh hopper is connected to the cement storage bin by a duct, which transfers the desired weight of cement from the bin to the hopper as determined by a weigh scale located on the hopper.
- the hopper has a gate in the bottom for discharging its contents onto a charging conveyor running underneath the hopper.
- An aggregate weigh hopper which also has a weigh scale and a discharge gate in its bottom, and which is loaded to the desired weight by an external source, typically a front-end loader.
- the charging conveyor extends under the weigh hoppers and ends above a load hopper to which it delivers its contents.
- the load hopper is positioned above a diverter which receives the contents of the load hopper and diverts them into a selected one of two oppositely facing mixing drums.
- a measured amount of water is also added to the drums, either from a storage area within the plant, or from an external source.
- the drums then mix their contents by means of an auger to form concrete according to specifications. Once produced, the concrete is removed from the drums onto a discharge conveyor by reversing the auger. While one drum is in the mixing stage preparation of another batch of concrete can proceed, using the other drum.
- the plant includes a cement loading plow attached to the bottom of the cement hopper.
- the plow has a wedge-shaped tip directly in front of the discharge and parallel sides extending backward from the outer edges of the wedge.
- the wedge points upstream relative to the conveyor, and the entire plow has a clearance over the conveyor small enough to prevent the aggregate from flowing between the plow and the conveyor.
- the wedge plows a furrow into the aggregate as it flows past the wedge, and the sides of the plow extend the furrow backward along their length separating the aggregate into two parallel streams. Cement from the hopper is deposited into the furrow between the streams which help to contain the dust from the cement.
- this dust-limiting effect may be enhanced by constructing the conveyor with side rollers which slope downward toward the center of the conveyor, thus, forming the conveyor into a curved shape so that the aggregate from each stream folds back over the cement. This not only helps to contain the cement dust, but also serves to prevent the raw materials from falling off the conveyor.
- a center roller may be added for further support of the conveyor.
- the cement storage bin and the cement weigh hopper can be constructed so that they are entirely enclosed except for their discharge gates.
- a system of ducts having an air pump and air filters and connecting the bin and the hopper fluidizes the cement for movement through the plant.
- admixture storage barrels in communication with the mixing drums through pipes or hoses may be added for providing admixture to the mixing drums.
- automatic controls can be provided which allow a single centrally located operator to deliver measured amounts of aggregate, cement, water, and admixtures to the mixing drum and to mix the contents of the drum for a predetermined amount of time.
- the controls also have safety relay coils and contacts which prevent the plant from being operated in such a way as to cause certain undesirable occurrences.
- the hopper gates may be prevented from opening when the conveyor is not moving and the conveyor may be rendered inoperable when the diverter is not properly oriented for delivery of the charge.
- a unique mobile batching plant is provided which is entirely self-contained and can be transported by highway as a single unit, resulting in reduced set-up time and allowing on-site production of concrete with a minimum of equipment.
- Two mixing drums are provided by the plant, thus allowing for more continuous utilization of equipment and effectively increasing the plant capacity.
- a cement loading trough having a wedge at one end creates a furrow in the aggregate charge o separate it into two parallel streams on the charging conveyor. The cement is loaded into this furrow, providing containment of the cement dust.
- a curved conveyor further reduces the cement dust problem by closing the furrow onto the cement, and also assuring that materials do not fall off the conveyor.
- Automatic controls may be provided which improve efficiency and allow one person to operate the plant.
- the plant can be set up in about 30 minutes and requires no external equipment for its erection.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mobile batch plant embodying the invention, showing outside sources of cement, aggregate, and water, as well as a receptacle for the concrete discharged from the plant;
- FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the batch plant of FIG. 1, on a slightly enlarged scale, additionally showing in phantom the rear of the towing tractor and its connection to the plant;
- FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the plant of FIG. 2, showing the location of parts of the mixing drum, discharge conveyor, and load hopper;
- FIG. 4A is a side cross-sectional view of the front half of the plant taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3, on an enlarged scale;
- FIG. 4B is a side view of the rear half of the plant taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3, on an enlarged scale showing cross-sections of the load hopper, the diverter, and the rear mixing drum, including its mixing auger;
- FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of the cement storage bin taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a front sectional view showing the aggregate hopper with the gate in the closed position, taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 4A;
- FIG. 8 is a transverse sectional view of the plant taken along line 8--8 of FIG. 4A, showing the gate of the aggregate hopper in the open position with aggregate being deposited on the curved charging conveyor belt;
- FIG. 10 is a side cross-sectional view of the cement hopper discharge gate, the wedge loader, the aggregate and the conveyor belt of FIG. 9, taken along line 10--10 of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 10A is a top fragmentary detailed view taken along line 10A--10A of FIG. 10, showing the effect of the wedge loader on the flow of aggregate and cement on the charging conveyor;
- FIG. 12 is a front sectional view taken along line 12--12 of FIG. 4B, showing the load hopper, diverter, front mixing drum, discharge chute, and discharge conveyor of the plant;
- FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of the power and control system of the plant.
- FIG. 1 provides an overview of a mobile concrete batch plant in accordance wit the present invention, and broadly illustrates its operation.
- plant 10 comprises a trailer bed 20 having a front end 22 and a rear end 24 and on which various components hereafter described are mounted.
- the front end 22 may be hooked to a truck and the plant 10 may be transported thereby, when fully loaded if desired.
- Cement from a truck 40 or other external source is delivered to cement storage bin 42 via storage bin delivery duct 44, and is stored in storage bin 42 prior to delivery to cement weigh hopper 46.
- the cement can be provided directly to cement weigh hopper 46 and bypass cement storage bin 42, if desired.
- a return duct 48 is provided for emptying bin 42 at the completion of the operating run.
- Discharge conveyor 158 is pivotally mounted and may be pivoted inward relative to the plant 10 for transportation, or pivoted outward for discharging concrete from the plant.
- the mixing drums 78 are entirely independent of one another, thus allowing preparation of the next succeeding batch of concrete while the current batch is being mixed.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the trailer bed 20 in more detail.
- the trailer bed towing connector 26 is connected to a towing tractor 28, shown in phantom.
- the trailer bed has rear wheels 30 suitable for highway travel.
- Level cylinders 32 are retracted during transportation of the plant and are extended to the ground when the plant is set up, providing support and levelling for the plant.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 give an overall view of the spatial relationship of the various major operating parts of the plant 10.
- cement can be provided directly to weigh hopper 46 from cement truck 40 via duct 44 and bypass the storage bin 42.
- the purpose of the storage bin is to store excess cement and provide a source of cement when no cement truck is at the construction site.
- the weigh hopper cement 62 is accumulated in the weigh hopper 46 until it reaches the desired weight as measured by the cement weigh scales 64, shown in FIGS. 9 and 11.
- the flow from the storage bin 42 is then shut of, and the cement 62 is ready for discharge onto the charging conveyor 66.
- a cover 65 extends over the upper end of a conveyor 66 to minimize the possibility that cement and aggregate will be blown off the conveyor by ambient wind.
- a dust filter 67 is located in cement storage bin 42 for air from return duct 68.
- the air return duct returns air from cement weigh hopper 46.
- the air from filter 67 is exhausted through the side wall of bin 42 and past a diverter or deflector 69, which minimizes moisture entering bin 42 through filter 67.
- the aggregate weigh hopper 70 is also shown in FIG. 4A.
- Aggregate 74 is loaded into the hopper 70 from an external source to the desired weight, as indicated by digital scale 76, shown in FIG. 1.
- digital scale 76 shown in FIG. 1.
- the cement and aggregate are discharged from the bottoms of their respective hoppers 46 and 70 via discharge gates (shown and discussed later) onto charging conveyor 66, which delivers its load to the mixing drums 78.
- FIG. 4B a side view of the rear of the plant is shown.
- Cement and aggregate are moved via charging conveyor 66 and deposited into covered load hopper 80, which funnels its contents into load diverter 82.
- Load diverter is oriented toward the mouth of a selected mixing drum 78 for mixing.
- Each drum 78 is mounted on a drum base 84 and is supported near the mouth 146 by struts 86.
- drum motors 88 rotate the drums 78 on bearings 90 and on wheels 92, which ride on wheel tracks 94.
- a cutaway of the rear drum 78 shows the internal auger 79, which serves to mix the raw materials, as well as to discharge the concrete when the drum 78 is rotated in the opposite direction.
- the concrete is discharged into concrete discharge chute 96, which directs it onto discharge conveyor 98, which is pivotable in both a horizontal and vertical plane, for removal from the plant 10.
- the aggregate hopper discharge gate 114 and the charging conveyor 66 are shown in detail in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- Hinged gate doors 116 are attached to hydraulic cylinders 118, which are in turn attached to the sides 120 of the aggregate hopper 70.
- the cylinders 118 open the gate 114 when the pistons 122 are retracted, as in FIG. 8, and close the gate 114 when the pistons 122 are extended, as in FIG. 7.
- Side conveyor rollers 126 are mounted at an angle sloping toward the center of the belt 66, creating a trough in the belt which tends to prevent the aggregate 74 from spilling from the belt 66.
- containing plates 128 are mounted along the sides of the belt along the length of the hopper 70, effectively increasing the height of the sides of the conveyor belt 66.
- a center roller 130 provides additional support for the belt 66.
- Discharge gate 132 is attached to the piston 136 of hydraulic cylinder 138, which opens and closes the gate 132 by moving it up and down in guides 140.
- an air slide 139 is provided along the bottom of hopper 46 and has a plenum 141 which is supplied air through duct 142 that passes through porous surface 143 to lift cement 62 for better flow through gate 132.
- Cement loading plow 134 is integrally attached to the bottom of the weigh hopper 46, directly underneath the discharge chute 54 and above the charging conveyor 66.
- the plow 134 has a wedge-shaped tip 144 which points upstream relative to the conveyor flow, and parallel sides 145 extending downstream from the outermost edges of the wedge 144.
- the plow has a clearance over the conveyor 66 which is large enough to allow the conveyor to pass freely under it, and small enough to prevent aggregate from passing between the plow 134 and the conveyor 66.
- a furrow is created in the mass of aggregate 74 on the conveyor 66 by the wedge 144 and is maintained by the sides 145 as separate parallel streams of aggregate.
- Cement 62 is discharged behind the wedge 144 and between the sides 145 of the plow 134, inside the furrow. As the mass of aggregate 74 and cement 62 passes the downstream ends of the sides 145, the furrow will tend to collapse or fold over on the cement, thus containing cement dust. This effect is enhanced by the curved charging conveyor 66, which tends to force all the materials to its center.
- the charging, mixing, and discharging operations may best be seen in FIGS. 12 and 13.
- Cement and aggregate fall off the end of charging conveyor 66 into load hopper 80, and are thereby funneled into load diverter 82 which is oriented to divert the charge into the mouth 146 of mixing drum 78.
- the load diverter 82 is attached to piston 148 of hydraulic cylinder 150. By extension or retraction of the piston 148, the load diverter 82 is pivoted about pivot shaft 152 and is oriented toward the mouth 146 of a selected drum 78. Water is added to the drum 78 from water storage tanks 154, admixture is added as desired, and the contents of the drum 78 are mixed by rotating the drum.
- Discharge conveyor 98 may be elevated and lowered by extending and retracting the piston 156 of hydraulic cylinder 158. Conveniently, the concrete is carried by discharge conveyor 98 to a suitable hauling device, such as concrete pump 160, shown in FIG. 1, to supply the concrete to its point of use.
- FIG. 14 the power and control system of the plant 10 is shown and its relationship to the operating parts of the plant is illustrated.
- a standard electrical generator is used to provide electricity to power the operation of the plant 10.
- An electric motor 166 powers the fluid drive transmissions 168, which pump fluid from a hydraulic fluid reservoir 172 through fluid lines 174 and the various hydraulic cylinders 176, with this flow controlled by solenoid valves 178 located along the fluid lines 174.
- Air pump 182 provides air to three separate locations for the purpose of fluidizing the cement so that it will flow like a fluid, as is well known in the art.
- the air flows along duct 108 into duct 110 to cement truck 40 for fluidizing the cement so that it will flow under pressure through duct 44 either to storage bin 42 via valve 51 or to weigh hopper 46 via valve 61.
- Air is also provided via duct 108 to air slide 100 in storage bin 42 and via duct 142 to air slide 139 in weigh hopper 46.
- valves Suitable controls are provided for the valves and additional valves may be provided as needed and as is apparent to one skilled in the art. It will be understood that when valve 51 is open to permit cement flow into storage bin 43, that valve 61 in weigh hopper 46 will be closed to cement flow but will be open for return of air under pressure in the weigh hopper through return duct 68 to storage bin 42. Since both storage bin 42 and weigh hopper 46 are essentially closed to atmosphere, the air pressure within each will be above atmospheric pressure due to the flow of air into them through the respective air slides. The air which is returned through duct 68 to storage bin 42 and will be exhausted, along with the air in storage bin 42, through filter 67 to atmosphere.
- control of the system is accomplished either by automatic controller 184, shown in FIG. 14, or by manual control panel 186.
- a digital readout 187 shown in FIG. 15, is provided to read the weight of cement in the cement weigh hopper 46.
- Gate position switches 188 provide feedback to the control panel 186 and the automatic controller 184 regarding the status of the various operating parts such as gates, valves, motors, and the like.
- Rotation counters 189 provide signals to automatic controller 184 to control the length of the sequence of the various functions so that the concrete is mixed for the appropriate length of time.
- the gate position switches 188 are connected between the automatic controller 184, relay coils 190 and relay contacts 192 and solenoid valves 178 in a configuration which prevents certain undesirable combinations of events from occurring.
- FIG. 15 further illustrates the admixture and water systems.
- Admixture is stored in barrels 194, from where pumps 196 move it through admixture lines 198 to admixture measuring vials 200 located on the control platform 34.
- the flow is shut off and the admixture is ready to be added to the mixing drum 78.
- Water is stored in water storage lo tanks 154, add pump 202 moves it along water line 204 directly to mixing drum 78.
- the amount of water pumped is controlled by pumping the water at a known rate for a predetermined length of time.
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US06/816,421 US4792234A (en) | 1986-01-06 | 1986-01-06 | Portable concrete batch plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/816,421 US4792234A (en) | 1986-01-06 | 1986-01-06 | Portable concrete batch plant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US4792234A true US4792234A (en) | 1988-12-20 |
Family
ID=25220553
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US06/816,421 Expired - Fee Related US4792234A (en) | 1986-01-06 | 1986-01-06 | Portable concrete batch plant |
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US (1) | US4792234A (en) |
Cited By (63)
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US4997284A (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1991-03-05 | E-Con Mega Mix | Concrete and mortar distribution process and apparatus |
GB2243454A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-10-30 | Electrical Services | Weigh batching plant |
US5121989A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1992-06-16 | Mcneilus Truck And Manufacturing, Inc. | Transportable concrete batching apparatus |
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