Marco Rubio

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Marco Rubio
Image of Marco Rubio

Republican Party

U.S. Senate Florida
Tenure

2011 - Present

Term ends

2029

Years in position

13

Prior offices
Florida House of Representatives

Compensation

Base salary

$174,000

Net worth

$559,509

Elections and appointments
Last elected

November 8, 2022

Education

High school

South Miami Senior High School

Bachelor's

University of Florida, 1993

Law

University of Miami School of Law, 1996

Personal
Religion
Christian: Catholic
Profession
Attorney
Contact

Official website

Official Facebook

Official Twitter

Official Instagram

Official YouTube

Campaign website

Campaign Facebook

Campaign Twitter

Campaign Instagram

Campaign YouTube

Personal Twitter

Marco Rubio (Republican Party) is a member of the U.S. Senate from Florida. He assumed office on January 3, 2011. His current term ends on January 3, 2029.

Rubio (Republican Party) ran for re-election to the U.S. Senate to represent Florida. He won in the general election on November 8, 2022.

Rubio was first elected to the Senate in 2010 to replace retiring incumbent Mel Martinez (R). In the general election, Rubio defeated Kendrick B. Meek (D) and Gov. Charlie Crist (I). Crist had been running in the Republican primary against Rubio but dropped out to run as an independent after polling showed Rubio in the lead.[1]

In April 2015, Rubio announced that he was running for president of the United States in 2016 and said he would not seek re-election to his Senate seat in 2016.[2] Rubio dropped out of the presidential election in March 2016 after coming in second to Donald Trump in the Florida Republican primary. In June, Rubio announced that he would seek re-election to his Senate seat. He won re-election with 52 percent of the vote.

He previously was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008, serving as majority leader from 2003 to 2006 and House speaker from 2006 to 2008. Before serving in the state House, Rubio was a member of the West Miami City Commission.[3] Rubio's parents immigrated to the United States from Cuba in 1956.[4]

On May 18, 2020, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R) announced Rubio as the interim chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee. Rubio replaced Senator Richard Burr (R) who stepped down from the position on May 15, 2020, due to a pending federal investigation.[5]

As of a 2014 analysis of multiple outside rankings, Rubio is an average Republican member of Congress, meaning he will vote with the Republican Party on the majority of bills.

Biography

Born to a family of Cuban immigrants, Rubio was raised in Miami, FL, and Las Vegas, NV. He attended South Miami Senior High School and graduated in 1989. He then attended Tarkio College for one year on a football scholarship from 1989 to 1990, before enrolling at Santa Fe Community College (later renamed Santa Fe College). He earned a B.S. degree from the University of Florida in 1993 and his J.D. degree cum laude from the University of Miami School of Law in 1996.[3]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Rubio's academic, professional, and political career:[6]

  • 2011-Present: U.S. Senator from Florida
  • 2000-2008: Florida House of Representatives
    • 2006-2008: Speaker
    • 2003-2006: Majority Leader
  • 1998-2000: West Miami City Commission
  • 1996: Graduated from the University of Miami with a J.D.
  • 1993: Graduated from the University of Florida with a B.S.

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate

2023-2024

Rubio was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

2021-2022

Rubio was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

2019-2020

Rubio was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Rubio was assigned to the following committees:[7]

2015-2016

Rubio served on the following committees:[8]

2013-2014

Rubio served on the following committees:[9]

2011-2012

Rubio served on the following committees:

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023

The 118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, at which point Republicans held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in the U.S. Senate (51-49). Joe Biden (D) was the president and Kamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023
Vote Bill and description Status
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (87-13)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (87-11)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (88-9)
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (63-36)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (68-23)
Yes check.svg Yea Red x.svg Failed (50-49)
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (50-46)


Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Issues

National security

Letter to Iran

On March 9, 2015, Senator Tom Cotton (R-Ark.) wrote a letter to Iran's leadership, warning them that signing a nuclear deal with the Obama administration without congressional approval constituted only an executive agreement. The letter also stated that "The next president could revoke such an executive agreement with the stroke of a pen and future Congresses could modify the terms of the agreement at any time." The letter was signed by 47 Republican members of the Senate. Rubio was one of the 47 who signed the letter. No Democrats signed it.[128]

Members of the Obama administration and of Congress reacted to the letter.[129] Vice President Joe Biden said of the letter, "In thirty-six years in the United States Senate, I cannot recall another instance in which senators wrote directly to advise another country — much less a longtime foreign adversary — that the president does not have the constitutional authority to reach a meaningful understanding with them."[130]

Drones filibuster

See also: Rand Paul filibuster of John Brennan's CIA Nomination in March 2013

On March 6, 2013, Senator Rand Paul (R) led a 13-hour filibuster of President Obama's CIA Director nominee, John Brennan. Paul started the filibuster in order to highlight his concerns about the administration's drone policies. In particular, Paul said he was concerned about whether a drone could be used to kill an American citizen within the United States border without any due process involved. Paul and other civil liberties activists were critical of President Obama for not offering a clear response to the question. A total of 14 senators joined Paul in the filibuster—13 Republicans and one Democrat.[131][132][133]

Rubio was one of the 13 Republican senators who joined Paul in his filibuster.[134][135]

Thirty Republican senators did not support the filibuster.[136][137][138]

The day after the filibuster, Attorney General Eric Holder sent a letter to Paul, responding to the filibuster. Holder wrote, "Does the president have the authority to use a weaponized drone to kill an American not engaged in combat on U.S. soil? The answer to that is no."[139]

Immigration

Secure border

“The only way we're going to ever make progress on this issue is to first deal with illegal immigration, secure the border, win people's confidence that in a reality this problem is under control,” Rubio said on August 10, 2014.[140]

Other

Chief of staff

Rubio announced on April 11, 2014, that his longtime chief of staff Cesar Conda was leaving his post to take a position with Rubio’s PAC, Reclaim America.[141]

Obama and Castro handshake

Rubio criticized President Obama on December 10, 2013, after the president shook hands with Cuban leader Raul Castro at the memorial service for Nelson Mandela.[142]

“If the president was going to shake his hand, he should have asked him about those basic freedoms Mandela was associated with that are denied in Cuba,” Rubio said.[142]

Healthcare

Obamacare ad buy

Rubio sent a letter on September 3, 2013, to Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Kathleen Sebelius that asked why the agency spent at least $8.7 million to promote the Affordable Care Act through television ads.[143][144]

“Until critical questions can be answered regarding the availability and type of health insurance to be provided by ObamaCare, it is unconscionable to spend taxpayer dollars to promote and advertise ObamaCare plans that have yet to be finalized. While the Administration should be abandoning this disastrous law, instead it is imprudently and blindly promoting poor policies that will harm Americans and American businesses, and misappropriating public funds in an effort to sell bad ideas to good people,” he wrote.

HHS spokeswoman Joanne Peters defended the administration’s decision to spend money on the issue. “Starting Oct. 1, millions of Americans will be able to access quality, affordable health coverage for the first time, and we will continue educating and informing the uninsured of this opportunity,” she wrote in an email.[144]

Petition to defund Obamacare

See also: Campaign for Liberty #Issues

Senators Rand Paul and Marco Rubio agreed on defunding President Barack Obama’s health care law in August 2013 and both of the senators gathered petitions to defund the law.[145]

Social issues

Education reform

On February 10, 2014, Rubio unveiled a series of education reform proposals. Three of those education reform proposals aimed to reduce the cost of college and graduate school.[146] One of the proposals called for private investment groups to pay for tuition in exchange for a percentage of future earnings. It would not replace federally subsidized student loans, but would instead provide an alternative to students who do not want to take on the cost of college as debt.[146]

Economy

Janet Yellen nomination

Rubio said on November 21, 2013, that he opposed Janet Yellen’s nomination to be the next head of the Federal Reserve, saying her expansive views on monetary policy risk creating asset bubbles.[147]

Elections

2022

See also: United States Senate election in Florida, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. Senate Florida

The following candidates ran in the general election for U.S. Senate Florida on November 8, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Marco_Rubio.jpg
Marco Rubio (R)
 
57.7
 
4,474,847
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Val-Demings.PNG
Val Demings (D)
 
41.3
 
3,201,522
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Dennis_Misigoy.jpg
Dennis Misigoy (L) Candidate Connection
 
0.4
 
32,177
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Steven_B_Grant.jpg
Steven B. Grant (No Party Affiliation) Candidate Connection
 
0.4
 
31,816
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/TuanNguyen.jpg
Tuan Nguyen (No Party Affiliation) Candidate Connection
 
0.2
 
17,385
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/EdwardGray.jpeg
Edward A. Gray (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in) Candidate Connection
 
0.0
 
190
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/UlomaEkpete.png
Uloma Ekpete Kama (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in) Candidate Connection
 
0.0
 
42
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Moses_Quiles.jpg
Moses Quiles (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in) Candidate Connection
 
0.0
 
33
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Howard_Knepper.jpg
Howard Knepper (No Party Affiliation) (Write-in)
 
0.0
 
2

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 7,758,014
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Florida

Val Demings defeated Brian Rush, William Sanchez, and Ricardo De La Fuente in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate Florida on August 23, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Val-Demings.PNG
Val Demings
 
84.3
 
1,263,706
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/BrianRush.jpeg
Brian Rush
 
6.3
 
94,185
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/William_Sanchez.jpg
William Sanchez Candidate Connection
 
5.6
 
84,576
Image of https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api4/files/thumbs/100/100/Oct92020354PM_80182230_BlancoMancuernaParaHombresTemaInstagramPublicacion9.jpg
Ricardo De La Fuente
 
3.8
 
56,749

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 1,499,216
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Republican primary election

The Republican primary election was canceled. Incumbent Marco Rubio advanced from the Republican primary for U.S. Senate Florida.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Libertarian primary election

The Libertarian primary election was canceled. Dennis Misigoy advanced from the Libertarian primary for U.S. Senate Florida.

2016

Senate

See also: United States Senate election in Florida, 2016

The race for Florida's U.S. Senate seat was one of nine competitive battleground races in 2016 that that helped Republicans maintain control of the Senate. Incumbent Sen. Marco Rubio (R) defeated U.S. Rep. Patrick Murphy (D), Iraq war veteran Paul Stanton (L), and nine independent and write-in candidates in the general election, which took place on November 8, 2016. According to Politico, Rubio was “the first Republican senator from the Sunshine State ever to win reelection in a presidential election year.”[148][149]

Rubio called Murphy "hyper-partisan," "a rubber stamp for, God forbid, a Clinton presidency," and accused him of fabricating his qualifications.[150][151][152][153] Murphy criticized Rubio, saying, "Sen. Rubio has the worst vote attendance record of any Florida senator in nearly 50 years." Murphy's spokeswoman Galia Slayen said, "Marco Rubio is willing to abandon his responsibility to Floridians and hand over our country's national security to Donald Trump, as long as it advances his own political career."[154]

In his victory speech, Rubio said, “[I] hope that I and my colleagues as we return to work in Washington D.C. can set a better example how political discourse should exist in this country. And I know people feel betrayed and you have a right to. Every major institution in our society has failed us — the media, the government, big business, Wall Street, academia — they have all failed us. So people are so frustrated and angry. But we must channel that anger and frustration into something positive. Let it move us forward as energy to confront and solve our challenges and our problems.”[155]

U.S. Senate, Florida General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMarco Rubio Incumbent 52% 4,835,191
     Democratic Patrick Murphy 44.3% 4,122,088
     Libertarian Paul Stanton 2.1% 196,956
     Independent Bruce Nathan 0.6% 52,451
     Independent Tony Khoury 0.5% 45,820
     Independent Steven Machat 0.3% 26,918
     Independent Basil Dalack 0.2% 22,236
     N/A Write-in 0% 160
Total Votes 9,301,820
Source: Florida Division of Elections


U.S. Senate, Florida Republican Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngMarco Rubio Incumbent 72% 1,029,830
Carlos Beruff 18.5% 264,427
Dwight Young 6.4% 91,082
Ernie Rivera 3.2% 45,153
Total Votes 1,430,492
Source: Florida Division of Elections
U.S. Senate, Florida Democratic Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngPatrick Murphy 58.9% 665,985
Alan Grayson 17.7% 199,929
Pam Keith 15.4% 173,919
Roque De La Fuente 5.4% 60,810
Reginald Luster 2.6% 29,138
Total Votes 1,129,781
Source: Florida Division of Elections
U.S. Senate, Florida Libertarian Primary, 2016
Candidate Vote % Votes
Green check mark transparent.pngPaul Stanton 73.5% 2,946
Augustus Invictus Sol 26.5% 1,063
Total Votes 4,009
Source: Florida Division of Elections

Presidency

See also: Marco Rubio presidential campaign, 2016 and Presidential election, 2016

Rubio was a Republican candidate for the office of President of the United States in 2016. On April 13, 2015, Rubio announced his presidential run on a conference call with donors. He referred to himself as "uniquely qualified" for the nomination. The call came hours before a scheduled campaign rally in Miami.[156]

On March 15, 2016, Rubio suspended his presidential campaign after coming in second to Donald Trump in the Florida Republican primary.[157] Rubio told his supporters in Miami, Florida, that "after tonight, it is clear that while we are on the right side, this year, we will not be on the winning side."[158]

Previously, in May 2014, when ABC reporter Jonathan Karl asked Rubio if he thought he was ready to be president, Rubio said, “I do … but I think that’s true for multiple other people that would want to run … I mean, I’ll be 43 this month, but the other thing that perhaps people don’t realize, I’ve served now in public office for the better part of 14 years. Most importantly, I think a president has to have a clear vision of where the country needs to go and clear ideas about how to get it there and I think we’re very blessed in our party to have a number of people that fit that criteria."[159] Sixteen senators have been elected to the presidency, including President Barack Obama.[160]

2010

On November 2, 2010, Rubio won election to the United States Senate. He defeated Kendrick B. Meek (D), Alexander Andrew Snitker (L), Bernie DeCastro (I), Charlie Crist (I), Sue Askeland (I), Rick Tyler (I), Lewis Jerome Armstrong (I), Bobbie Bean (I), Bruce Ray Riggs (I), Piotr Blass (I), Richard Lock (I), Belinda Gail Quarterman-Noah (I), Geroge Drake (I), Robert Monroe (I), Howard Knepper (I) and Carol Ann Joyce LaRose (I) in the general election.[161]

U.S. Senate, Florida General Election, 2010
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngMarco Rubio 48.9% 2,645,743
     Democratic Kendrick B. Meek 20.2% 1,092,936
     Libertarian Alexander Andrew Snitker 0.5% 24,850
     Constitution Party of Florida Bernie DeCastra 0.1% 4,792
     Independent Charlie Crist 29.7% 1,607,549
     Independent Sue Askeland 0.3% 15,340
     Independent Rick Tyler 0.1% 7,397
     Independent Lewis Jerome Armstrong 0.1% 4,443
     Independent Bobbie Bean 0.1% 4,301
     Independent Bruce Ray Riggs 0.1% 3,647
     Independent Piotr Blass 0% 47
     Independent Richard Lock 0% 18
     Independent Belinda Gail Quarterman-Noah 0% 18
     Independent George Drake 0% 13
     Independent Robert Monroe 0% 6
     Independent Howard Knepper 0% 4
     Independent Carol Ann Joyce LaRosa 0% 2
Total Votes 5,411,106

Campaign themes

2022

Ballotpedia survey responses

See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection

Marco Rubio did not complete Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.

2016

The following issues were listed on Rubio's campaign website. For a full list of campaign themes, click here.

“
  • Strong Families: Strong families are the core of American greatness: Without strong families, America’s strong values will not endure, and the American Dream will disappear. Being raised in a stable home by a mother and a father is an incredible privilege but, unfortunately, one that is increasingly rare.Too often in recent years, through both economic and social policy, Washington has tried to compete with families rather than support and defend them. It has left American families weaker than they once were, and the institutions that teach values and support families, such as churches and civil society groups, are ailing, too.
  • Common Core: Common Core has been used by the Obama Administration to turn the Department of Education into a national school board. This effort to coerce states into adhering to national curriculum standards is the wrong way to help our children attain the best education, and it must be stopped.
  • Jobs: Since joining the Senate, Marco has worked tirelessly to help Florida businesses compete in the 21st century economy. As a member of the Small Business & Entrepreneurship Committee, Marco knows that Washington’s failure to cut taxes and reduce regulations is hurting the ability of Florida businesses – especially our 2.3 million small businesses – to create jobs and increase wages for all workers.
  • Energy: America is blessed with abundant energy resources. Thanks to new technology and innovation, our country is poised to become the world’s energy superpower even as our emissions have been declining. If we harness our energy potential in the right way, and let innovation flourish, we will ensure that energy is affordable for consumers and families, help businesses grow and create jobs, protect our environment, strengthen our national security, and increase America’s influence around the world.
  • Terrorism: The chaos in Iraq and Syria over the last several years has allowed the terrorist group ISIS, also known as the Islamic State or ISIL, to become a threat of global proportions, with the capacity to inspire and carry out attacks here in the United States.

[162]

”
—Marco Rubio's campaign website, https://marcorubio.com/issues/

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage and endorsements scopes.

Notable candidate endorsements by Marco Rubio
EndorseeElectionStageOutcome
Bernie Moreno  source  (R) U.S. Senate Ohio (2024) PrimaryAdvanced in Primary
Mike Haridopolos  source  (R) U.S. House Florida District 8 (2024) Primary–
Donald Trump  source  (R) President of the United States (2024) Primary–
Bernie Moreno  source  (R) U.S. Senate Ohio (2024) PrimaryAdvanced in Primary
Tim Sheehy  source  (R) U.S. Senate Montana (2024) Primary–
Jim Banks  source  (R) U.S. Senate Indiana (2024) PrimaryAdvanced in Primary
Bryce Reeves  source  (R) U.S. House Virginia District 7 (2022) PrimaryLost Primary
Mitt Romney  source  (R) President of the United States (2012) PrimaryLost General
Notable ballot measure endorsements by Marco Rubio
MeasurePositionOutcome
Florida Amendment 6, State Constitution Interpretation and Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Amendment (2012)  source SupportDefeated

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Marco Rubio campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2022U.S. Senate FloridaWon general$50,945,461 $50,630,466
2016U.S. Senate, FloridaWon $21,951,478 N/A**
2010U.S. Senate (Florida)Won $21,741,330 N/A**
Grand total$94,638,269 $50,630,466
Sources: OpenSecrets,  Federal Elections Commission ***This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only availabale data.

Noteworthy events

Possible 2024 Republican vice presidential nominee

See also: Vice presidential candidates, 2024

Media reports have discussed Rubio as a possible Republican vice presidential candidate.[163] Former President Donald Trump (R) became the presumptive Republican presidential nominee on March 12, 2024, and is expected to select a running mate ahead of the 2024 Republican National Convention (RNC), which will take place from July 15 to 18.

In 2020, President Joe Biden (D) announced Vice President Kamala Harris (D) as his running mate six days before the start of the Democratic National Convention (DNC). In 2016, both Hillary Clinton (D) and Trump announced their running mates three days before the DNC and RNC, respectively.

Personal Gain Index

Congressional Personal Gain Index graphic.png
See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives
Net Worth Metric graphic.png

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Rubio's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $259,019 and $860,000. That averages to $559,509.50, which is lower than the average net worth of Republican senators in 2012 of $6,956,438.47. Rubio ranked as the 79th most wealthy senator in 2012.[164] Between 2009 and 2012, Rubio's starting negative calculated net worth[165] increased. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.[166]

Marco Rubio Yearly Net Worth
YearAverage Net Worth
2009$−40,127
2012$559,509
Growth from 2009 to 2012:N/A
Average annual growth:N/A
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.[167]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Rubio received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Retired industry.

From 2009-2014, 21.09 percent of Rubio's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.[168]

Donation Concentration Metric graphic.png
Marco Rubio Campaign Contributions
Total Raised $29,607,365
Total Spent $26,847,272
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Retired$2,836,680
Securities & Investment$1,077,931
Republican/Conservative$1,034,524
Real Estate$774,775
Misc Finance$521,634
% total in top industry9.58%
% total in top two industries13.22%
% total in top five industries21.09%

Analysis

Ideology and leadership

See also: GovTrack's Political Spectrum & Legislative Leadership ranking

Based on an analysis of bill sponsorship by GovTrack, Rubio was a "rank-and-file Republican," as of July 22, 2014. This was the same rating Rubio received in June 2013.[169]

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.[170]

Rubio most often votes with:

Rubio least often votes with:


Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Marco Rubio missed 156 of 1,412 roll call votes from January 2011 to September 2015. This amounts to 11 percent, which is worse than the median of 1.6 percent among current senators as of September 2015.[171]

Congressional staff salaries

See also: Staff salaries of United States Senators and Representatives

The website Legistorm compiles staff salary information for members of Congress. Rubio paid his congressional staff a total of $2,245,565 in 2011. He ranked 17th on the list of the lowest paid Republican senatorial staff salaries and ranked 23rd overall of the lowest paid senatorial staff salaries in 2011. Overall, Florida ranked second in average salary for senatorial staff. The average U.S. Senate congressional staff was paid $2,529,141.70 in fiscal year 2011.[172]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year.

2013

Rubio ranked 17th in the conservative rankings in 2013.[173]

2012

Rubio ranked 17th in the conservative rankings in 2012.[174]

2011

Rubio ranked 13th in the conservative rankings in 2011.[175]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Rubio voted with the Republican Party 79.2 percent of the time, which ranked 42nd among the 45 Senate Republican members as of July 2014.[176]

2013

Rubio voted with the Republican Party 84.4 percent of the time, which ranked 38th among the 46 Senate Republican members as of June 2013.[177]

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.

Rubio and his wife, Jeanette Dousdebes Rubio, have been married since 1998. They are the parents of four children. They live in West Miami.[178]

See also

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External links

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    		•

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Charlie Crist will run for Senate with no party affiliation," April 28, 2010
    2. ↑ National Journal, "After Rubio, Florida Senate Scramble Starts in Earnest," April 13, 2015
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Marco Rubio-United States Senator for Florida, "Biography-About Marco," accessed October 13, 2011
    4. ↑ Washington Post, "Marco Rubio’s compelling family story embellishes facts, documents show," October 20, 2011
    5. ↑ Politico, "Marco Rubio tapped to serve as Senate Intelligence Committee chairman," May 18, 2020
    6. ↑ Biographical Director of the United States Congress, "RUBIO, Marco, (1971 - )," accessed February 12, 2015
    7. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 115th Congress," accessed January 19, 2017
    8. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 114th Congress," accessed February 17, 2015
    9. ↑ Congressional Quarterly, "Senate Committee List," accessed January 22, 2013
    10. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2670 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024," accessed February 27, 2024
    11. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6363 - Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024," accessed February 27, 2024
    12. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5860 - Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act," accessed February 27, 2024
    13. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3746 - Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023," accessed February 27, 2024
    14. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.7 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020." accessed February 23, 2024
    15. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.44 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'"" accessed February 28, 2024
    16. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.30 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'." accessed February 23, 2024
    17. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3684 - Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act," accessed April 15, 2022
    18. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
    19. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
    20. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022
    21. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.7776 - James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
    22. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.3373 - Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
    23. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    24. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
    25. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
    26. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    27. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
    28. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.937 - COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act," accessed April 15, 2022
    29. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3076 - Postal Service Reform Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023
    30. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    31. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5305 - Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act," accessed January 23, 2023
    32. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022
    33. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.350 - Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023
    34. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.14 - A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.," accessed April 15, 2022
    35. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    36. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
    37. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018
    38. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2)," December 11, 2018
    39. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 6, 2018
    40. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 5, 2018
    41. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2, As Amended)," June 28, 2018
    42. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1959)," February 15, 2018
    43. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1958 As Modified)," February 15, 2018
    44. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1948)," February 15, 2018
    45. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1955)," February 15, 2018
    46. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the Consideration of S. 2311)," January 29, 2018
    47. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McConnell Amdt. No. 667)," July 28, 2017
    48. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Paul Amdt. No. 271 )," July 26, 2017
    49. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Amdt. No. 270)," July 25, 2017
    50. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1628)," July 25, 2017
    51. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 7, 2017
    52. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
    53. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Decision of the Chair (Shall the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate?)," April 6, 2017
    54. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
    55. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 6157)," September 18, 2018
    56. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 5895)," September 12, 2018
    57. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 6157 As Amended)," August 23, 2018
    58. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5895 As Amended)," June 25, 2018
    59. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1625)," March 23, 2018
    60. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892 with an Amendment (SA 1930))," February 9, 2018
    61. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 695)," February 8, 2018
    62. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment with Further Amendment)," January 22, 2018
    63. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 22, 2018
    64. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 19, 2018
    65. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1370)," December 21, 2017
    66. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017
    67. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017
    68. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017
    69. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017
    70. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017
    71. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017
    72. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018
    73. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017
    74. ↑ The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017
    75. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017
    76. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017
    77. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
    78. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
    79. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
    80. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314," accessed May 25, 2015
    81. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1314 (Ensuring Tax Exempt Organizations the Right to Appeal Act)," accessed May 25, 2015
    82. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call for HR 2146," June 24, 2015
    83. ↑ The Hill, "Senate approves fast-track, sending trade bill to White House," June 24, 2015
    84. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
    85. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
    86. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany S. Con. Res. 11)," accessed May 5, 2015
    87. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
    88. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
    89. ↑ Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015
    90. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015
    91. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015
    92. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 1735)," accessed October 6, 2015
    93. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015
    94. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
    95. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015
    96. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015
    97. ↑ Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015
    98. ↑ Congress.gov, "HR 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
    99. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1191," accessed May 8, 2015
    100. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2640 to H.J.Res.61," accessed September 10, 2015
    101. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
    102. ↑ Senates.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 16, 2015
    103. ↑ Congress.gov, "HJ Res 61," accessed September 10, 2015
    104. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2640 )," accessed September 17, 2015
    105. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Amdt.2656 to S.Amdt.2640," accessed September 17, 2015
    106. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on McConnell Amdt. No. 2656)," accessed September 17, 2015
    107. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015
    108. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2048)," accessed June 2, 2015
    109. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Loretta E. Lynch, of New York, to be Attorney General)," accessed April 29, 2015
    110. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 754," accessed November 1, 2015
    111. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 754, As Amended)," accessed November 1, 2015
    112. ↑ Congress.gov, "S 2146," accessed November 2, 2015
    113. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to S. 2146)," accessed November 2, 2015
    114. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013
    115. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014
    116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 116.2 Politico, "Senate panel approves Syria measure," accessed September 5, 2013
    117. ↑ USA Today, "Senate committee approves Syria attack resolution," accessed September 5, 2013
    118. ↑ Politico, "How Senate Foreign Relations Committee members voted on Syria," accessed September 5, 2013
    119. ↑ 119.0 119.1 119.2 119.3 Project Vote Smart, "Richard Rubio Key Votes," accessed October 16, 2013
    120. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2642 (Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013)," accessed February 12, 2014
    121. ↑ New York Times, "Senate Passes Long-Stalled Farm Bill, With Clear Winners and Losers," accessed February 12, 2014
    122. ↑ 122.0 122.1 Politico, "Senate approves $1.1 trillion spending bill," accessed January 20, 2014
    123. ↑ 123.0 123.1 123.2 U.S. Senate, "January 16 Vote," accessed January 20, 2014
    124. ↑ Roll Call, "House Passes $1.1 Trillion Omnibus," accessed January 20, 2014
    125. ↑ The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013
    126. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 2775 As Amended," accessed October 31, 2013
    127. ↑ U.S. Senate, "Roll Call Vote on the Fiscal Cliff," accessed January 4, 2013
    128. ↑ The Wall Street Journal, "Text of GOP Senators’ Letter to Iran’s Leaders on Nuclear Talks," March 9, 2015
    129. ↑ Politico, "Iran letter blowback startles GOP," March 12, 2015
    130. ↑ Fox News, "Firestorm erupts over GOP letter challenging Obama's power to approve Iran nuclear deal," March 10, 2015
    131. ↑ CNN, "Rand Paul says he's heard from White House after filibuster," March 7, 2013
    132. ↑ USA Today, "Rand Paul filibuster ranks among Senate's longest," March 7, 2013
    133. ↑ ABC News, "Rand Paul Wins Applause From GOP and Liberals," March 7, 2013
    134. ↑ The Blaze, "Here Are All the GOP Senators That Participated in Rand Paul’s 12+ Hour Filibuster… and the Ones Who Didn’t," March 7, 2013
    135. ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Sen. Rand Paul ends marathon filibuster of John Brennan," March 7, 2013
    136. ↑ Breitbart, "AWOL: Meet The GOP Senators Who Refused to Stand With Rand," March 7, 2013
    137. ↑ Politico, "Rand Paul filibuster blasted by Sens. John McCain, Lindsey Graham," March 7, 2013
    138. ↑ Politico, "Rand Paul pulls plug on nearly 13-hour filibuster," March 7, 2017
    139. ↑ Washington Post, "Eric Holder responds to Rand Paul with ‘no’," March 7, 2013
    140. ↑ The Hill, "Rubio: We’ll ‘never have the votes’ for immigration reform until border secured," accessed August 12, 2014
    141. ↑ Politico, "Marco Rubio chief heads to PAC," accessed April 12, 2014
    142. ↑ 142.0 142.1 The Hill, "Rubio slams Obama handshake with Castro," accessed December 11, 2013
    143. ↑ Office of Marco Rubio, "Letter to Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius," accessed September 4, 2013
    144. ↑ 144.0 144.1 Washington Post, "Rubio questions administration’s $8.7 million ‘Obamacare’ ad buy," accessed September 4, 2013
    145. ↑ Sunshine State News, "Marco Rubio, Rand Paul and Ron Paul Join Forces to Defeat Obamacare," accessed August 26, 2013
    146. ↑ 146.0 146.1 The Hill, "Rubio's new plank for possible '16 platform," accessed February 11, 2014
    147. ↑ Politico, "Marco Rubio to vote against Janet Yellen," accessed November 21, 2013
    148. ↑ The New York Times, "Marco Rubio and John McCain Win Primaries in Florida and Arizona," accessed September 2, 2016
    149. ↑ Politico, "How Rubio outdid Trump in Florida and revived his career," accessed November 15, 2016
    150. ↑ Politico, "Rubio: GOP has tough fight ahead to maintain Senate control," accessed August 22, 2016
    151. ↑ CNN, "Ahead of Florida primary, Rubio offers Trump a tepid embrace," accessed September 2, 2016
    152. ↑ CBS Miami, "The Making of Patrick Murphy," June 22, 2016
    153. ↑ Patrick Murphy for Senate, "Press Releases / Setting the Record Straight On Yesterday’s Misleading CBS Miami Report," June 23, 2016
    154. ↑ PolitiFact, "Mostly True: Marco Rubio has worst voting record of any Florida senator in nearly 50 years," accessed September 3, 2016
    155. ↑ Breitbart, "Rubio Wins Reelection Bid — Gives Victory Speech in English and Spanish," accessed November 15, 2016
    156. ↑ CNN, "He's in: Marco Rubio's presidential challenge," April 13, 2015
    157. ↑ The New York Times, "Marco Rubio Suspends His Presidential Campaign," March 15, 2016
    158. ↑ Talking Points Memo, "Marco Rubio Suspends Campaign After Losing Florida Primary," March 15, 2016
    159. ↑ ABC News, "Sen. Marco Rubio: Yes, I’m Ready to be President," May 11, 2014
    160. ↑ United States Senate, "Senators Who Became President," accessed October 16, 2013
    161. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
    162. ↑ Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
    163. ↑ NBC News, "Trump eyes Sen. Marco Rubio as a potential VP pick," March 20, 2024
    164. ↑ OpenSecrets, "Marco Rubio (R-FL), 2012," accessed March 20, 2014
    165. ↑ This figure represents the total percentage growth from either 2004 (if the member entered office in 2004 or earlier) or the member's first year in office (as noted in the chart below).
    166. ↑ This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.
    167. ↑ This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.
    168. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Sen. Marco Rubio," accessed September 18, 2014
    169. ↑ GovTrack, "Marco Rubio," accessed July 22, 2014
    170. ↑ OpenCongress, "Marco Rubio," archived February 25, 2016
    171. ↑ GovTrack, "Marco Rubio," accessed September 23, 2015
    172. ↑ LegiStorm, "Marco Rubio" accessed 2011
    173. ↑ National Journal, "2013 Senate Vote Ratings," accessed July 21, 2014
    174. ↑ National Journal, "2012 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed February 28, 2013
    175. ↑ National Journal, "Searchable Vote Ratings Tables: Senate," accessed February 23, 2012
    176. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
    177. ↑ OpenCongress, "Voting With Party," accessed July 2014
    178. ↑ Marco Rubio-U.S. Senator for Florida, "Biography--About Marco," accessed October 13, 2011

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