Baybayin known as Tagalog alphabet is an ancient Philippine script.
I used to think that the only language we have here in the Philippines is Filipino. It may be our national language, but there are actually more languages here in our country than we know.
Because there are more than seven thousand islands in the Philippines, it is no wonder why we have many languages which most of us consider as dialects. There is a difference between dialect and language, though. According to Dictionary.com, a language is used by people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition. While the dialect is a variety of a language that is distinguished from other varieties of the same language by of phonology, grammar, and vocabulary.
Here are the top 10 languages used in the Philippines:
1. Tagalog
Our national language was based from Tagalog. It is used mainly in Manila Area and nearby provinces such as Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Nueva Ecija, and Laguna. This is the only Filipino language that is generally used and can be understood around the country. Based on the Philippine census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority, there were 26,387,855 Filipinos who speak this language in the country.
Example:
Good morning – Magandang umaga
Good evening – Magandang Gabi
I love you – Iniibig kita or minamahal kita
2. Cebuano
Cebuano is the next most spoken language in the Philippines with a total of 21,340,000 Filipinos using it. This is mainly used in Cebu City and some areas in Mindanao, such as Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, and General Santos City.
Example:
Good morning – Maayong buntag
Good evening – Maayong gabii
I love you – Gihigugma ko ikaw
3. Ilocano
Ilokano or Ilocano is a combination of other languages from other countries such as Chamorro of Guam, Indonesian, Hawaiian, Malay, Samoan and Tahitian. It is mostly spoken in the Northern part of the country but because Ilocano speaking people have spread throughout the Philippines, it ranked as third of the most spoken language with 7,779,000 Filipinos using it.
Example:
Good morning – Naimbag a bigat
Good evening – Naimbag a sardam
I love you – Ayayatenka
4. Hiligaynon
Hiligaynon or Ilonggo is the language used in Aklan, Antique, Bacolod, Capiz, Iloilo, Panay Islands as well as in North and South Cotabato in Mindanao. This language is distinct for having a sweet intonation. And as of 2000, there were 7,000,979 sweet speaking Filipinos in the country.
Example:
Good morning – Maayo nga Aga
Good evening – Maayo nga Hapon
Goodbye – Asta sa liwat.
5. Waray-Waray
If Hiligaynons are known for being sweet, the Waray people are known for being tough and strong. Waray is spoken in the Eastern Visayas, particularly Samar and some parts of Leyte and Biliran Province. The Waray comes fifth with 3,100,000 Filipinos using this language as of year 2000.
Example:
Good morning – Maupay nga aga
Good evening – Maupay nga gab-i
Thank you very much – Damo nga salamat
6. Kapampangan
Kapampangan or Pampangueño are spoken by 2,900,000 Filipinos. This is mostly spoken in the northern part of the country particularly Pampanga Province, and portions of Bataan and Tarlac.
Example:
Good morning – Mayap a abak
Good evening – Mayap a bengi
Thank you very much – Dakal a salamat
7. Bicolano
Bikolano or Bicolano is the language used in the Bicol Region. Bicol is one of the biggest regions in the Philippines and there are about 2,500,000 Bicolanos speaking the language.
Example:
Good morning – Marhay na aga
Good evening – Marhay na banggi
I love you – Namomotan ta ka
8. Pangasinense
Pangasinense is the language used in Pangasinan Province in Central Luzon. It has a population of more than 2 million and 2,434,086 of which use the language. Pangasinense is like the Ibalio language used by the people of Baguio City and Benguet in the mountain province.
Example:
Good morning! – Maabig ya kaboasan!
Good afternoon! – Maabig ya ngarem!
I love you – Inaro ta ka.
9. Maranaoan
Maranaoan is the language spoken by 2,150,000 Maranao people living in Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur Provinces. It is a Western Austronesian language likewise used in Sabah, Malaysia.
Example:
Good Morning! – Mapiya kapipita
Good Evening! – Mapiya gagawi-i
I Love You! – Pekababaya-an ko seka!
10. Tausug
Tausug is the language used by 1,822,000 people in the Sulu Archipelago, the Zamboanga Peninsula, and Southern Palawan. It is likewise used in the eastern part of Sabah, Malaysia, and North Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Example:
Kalasahan ta kaw – I love you
Kamaya daran – Take care always
Magsukul – Thanks
Other languages in the Philippines are as follows:
Maguindanao – used by 1,800,000 residents of Maguindanao and some parts some parts of Mindanao.
Chavacano – is from a Spanish word “Chabacano” which means tasteless. It is one of the oldest creole languages in the world and the only one in Asia. There are various dialects of Chavacano including, Zamboangueño, Caviteño, Cotabateño, Castellano Abakay (Chabacano de Davao), Ternateño (Bahra), and Ermiteño (Ermitense) with a total population of 1,200,000.
Kinaray-a – is a Visayan language spoken in Antique Province and used by 1,051,000 Filipinos.
Surigaonon – is mainly used by Surigaonon people from the province of Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Dinagat Islands, and some portions of Agusan del Norte especially the towns near the Mainit Lake, Agusan del Sur and Davao Oriental. There is more than 1,000,000 Filipinos using this language.
Foreign languages that became an official language of the Philippines
Spanish and English are two languages we Filipinos got used to when we were still under the governance of Spain and America.
Spanish – used to be the official language in the Philippines back in the 16th century but now, only around 2,000 Filipinos use this language.
English – is a foreign language commonly used by Filipinos until today. In a survey conducted by Social Weather Stations(SWS) back in 2008, around 76% of Filipinos says they understand English. It is the language mainly used in schools, in the government, in the business world, and etc. This foreign language became an official language of the Philippines under the 1935 Constitution added alongside Spanish. Under the present constitution, approved in 1987, Filipino and English became joint official languages of the country.
Although we have many languages most of us use Taglish or a combination of English and Tagalog. This is often used by the younger generation of Filipinos when texting or talking to friends. Filipinos abroad who have forgotten how to speak Tagalog use this too.
Example: Please call a policeman(English) Pakitawag ng pulis(Tagalog) Paki-call ng police(Taglish)
Our languages just show how unique we Filipinos are. But no matter which part of the country we are from or what language we use we can always use Filipino or English to understand each other.
About Lyza R. Sabornido
Lyza writes to share the colorful and wonderful Filipino culture to the world. She's a seasoned writer, researcher and news reporter. She's the editor for lifestyle, culture and travel of FAQ.PH. Follow her on Twitter at @lyza_lyz.
Actually, there is no word “Maranaoan”. In fact, Maranaw is wrong. I don’t know where it came from. The language syntax of the people of the Lake is – the name of the place is prefixed with “I” and end with “N”. The people of the lake or ranao in local language is I-RANAO-N, Our onors (rap singers) and patataro sa lalag (learned ones) short cut it to IRANON. They describe our people and land as “IRANON PIPARASAN, RANAO PIPANDARAAN”. That’s our name in the Darangen and Salsila (history).
Again there is no word Maranao in Basa Iranaon (Iranaon language).
Other people are used to calling us M’ranao but it is also wrong because M’ranao is not a noun. It is a verb which means to go to the lake or river to do things, like, poop and then swim (on your poop). Mkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk (Pilandok’s LOL but infinitely better because of Pilandok Grammar Repeating Syntax).
Sallam…
I don’t consider both English and Spanish as foreign languages. In fact, these languages has already been part of our history, our heritage and culture. Specially the Spanish Language, the Mother Tongue of José Rizal and the language originally used in our National Hymn, i.e. the Marcha Nacional Filipina that was later translated to English then to Tagalog…
Anyway, I still do not sing our Nacional Hymn in Tagalog but in my own Zamboangueño Ethnic’s Mother Tongue. ^_^
The Etymology of Chavacano comes from two root: from the Spanish Chabacano which means course and this the name that was labeled by the Spaniards for the Dialects spoken in Ermita, Ternate and Cavite. Th other came from the word Chavano, is a word coined by the Zamboangueño that later evolved into Chavacano.
During the Creolization, there were three Dialects of Chavacano was born, i.e. Ternateño o Bahra, Caviteño and Zamboangueño.
Ermitense was born out from Bahra and Caviteño and While Cotabateñ and Castellano Abakay are dialects born out or evolved from Zamboangueño.
Today, all these Six (6) Dialects of Chavacano Language are distinct from each other and spoken by their respective Ethnic Group and Sub-Ethnic Group “Tribes”.
Actually tagalog is not spoken by many filipinos as well. Most people in the cordillera especially the places i’ve been too, doesnt even understand tagalog. Most of them would prefer to speak in English.
Pangasinan is not a part of central luzon but of northern luzon