How to Make a Diorama

Co-authored by Sophia Latorre Reviewed by Anne Schmidt

Last Updated: December 4, 2023 Fact Checked

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Building a diorama is a fun DIY project in which you can create an exciting scene in a small space. Dioramas allow a lot of room for creativity and innovation. Though dioramas usually display a historical time period, a nature scene, or a fictional situation, you can make one to show anything that you're interested in making. Whether you are designing one for a school project, as a base for a model, or just for fun, building a diorama is an easy and enjoyable project! It can commonly be found with paper mâché items so keep that in mind.

Part 1

Part 1 of 2:

Planning the Diorama

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Though the items you’ll need depend on the concept or theme, you may want modeling clay, construction paper, glue, scissors, paint and a paintbrush, markers, felt, and fabric scraps. You may also want miniatures, like figures or furniture, found objects, like rocks and twigs, and printed pictures or magazine pages. Browse your local arts and crafts store to find everything you need.
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Make a rough sketch of your ideal diorama. Look for inspiration online, like on Pinterest or YouTube. Sketch out what you want the diorama to look like, including the background and foreground. Think of the composition of the piece, and the layout of all the figures.^{[1]
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- For instance, you could make a scene of a 1950s diner that includes figures dressed in poodle skirts or jeans and a leather jacket, a jukebox, red vinyl stools at a counter, and a black and white checkerboard floor.
- Make sure that the miniatures will be appropriate to the scale of the rest of the diorama.
- You might need Styrofoam balls of different sizes, paint, hot glue, and fishing line if you’re recreating the solar system.
- For a nature diorama, collect flowers, berries, leaves, and seeds.
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Choose a concept or theme. Dioramas are small scenes created of layers of materials, all depicting a similar concept or theme. If you’re making a diorama for a school project, your theme may be assigned to you. Otherwise, you can choose to portray a scene from a book, a historical time period, an example of an ecosystem, an animal or plant group, or something else entirely.
- For instance, you could choose to create a diorama that depicts the rainforest or the desert. Alternatively, you could stage a scene from the Civil War or the first lunar landing.
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Research the subject. Once you’ve chosen a theme, you’ll need to do research to make your diorama as lifelike as possible. Find out as much as you can about your chosen theme so you can include both large and small details.^{[2]
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- If you’ve chosen an ecosystem, find out what kind of soil or water, plant life, and animal life are found there. For instance, an ocean ecosystem has salt water, coral, seaweed, algae, sharks, rays, turtles, crustaceans, fish, etc.
- For a historical time period, think about available technology, popular fashion and art, how people spent their time, and what buildings looked like.
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Select a container. Because dioramas have layers of background, they should be made in a box or frame that is several inches deep. The container must have an open-faced front so that viewers can see the scene. A shoe box or shipping box turned on its side works incredibly well for creating a basic diorama. Larger dioramas can be created out of a large wooden crate or frame attached to a box.^{[3]
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- Get creative with the frame for your diorama. For example, a diorama depicting a family scene or people could be done in a refurbished dollhouse.
- Take into account the design of the diorama when selecting the container. For instance, a diorama about the rainforest will need to be tall enough to accommodate the trees and layers of vegetation you’ll be showcasing.
- You can paint the outside of your box for a more finished look. Do this first and let the paint dry before you start work on the inside of the diorama.

Part 2

Part 2 of 2:

Building the Scene

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1
Create your background first. Begin at the back of the container and work your way forward, adding layers of details and images to create depth in your scene. Make the background first against the farthest and inside walls of your box. Consider painting a basic scene or printing an image and gluing it on. You could also create a collage out of magazine cutouts to act as the background for your diorama.^{[4]
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- Coloring on the cardboard with markers will just make everything look dark. Cut out construction paper and glue it on the box for brighter colors.
- For an indoor scene, glue a magazine cutout of a living room to the back of the box to make it look like a house.
- For a solar system diorama, glue dark blue or black construction paper to the box and paint small white or silver stars on it.
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Build up the ground or landscape. A realistic diorama should include details on the bottom of the box as well. You can use pictures, paint, or modeling clay to create a realistic ground or floor for the diorama. Leave it flat or add hills or depressions as appropriate.^{[5]
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- For instance, shape a hill with a depression at the bottom from modeling clay. Once it’s dry, fill it with blue nail polish to make a pond or lake.
- Glue sand or gravel to the bottom of the box to simulate the ocean floor if you’re making an underwater scene.
3
Add details to make the scene realistic. Work from the back of the box toward the front, and place smaller items in front of larger ones. Space your items out from the top of the box to the bottom to make it visually appealing. Lay everything out, but wait to glue it down until you’re sure things are where you want them.^{[6]
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- For instance, make clouds from cotton balls for the walls, then spread small rocks and flowers on the ground for an outdoor scene.
- Place scraps of fabric on the bottom to act as rugs or make a mirror out of aluminum foil for the wall of an indoor scene.
4
Set up the miniatures, if applicable. Complete your scene with the addition of miniature figurines, furniture, or models. Make sure that these items are to scale with the rest of the scene! Or, print and cut out simple photos of figures or furniture and place them throughout the scene.
- For a nature theme, add small toy animals or bugs to the ground or hang birds or tiny airplanes from the top with fishing line and hot glue.
- For an indoor scene, place a tiny table and chairs in the diorama and add small figurines for the people or characters.
Take a few moments to inspect the diorama. Make adjustments until you are pleased with the overall look. Try to space out the objects evenly throughout the diorama so the scene is balanced. Now, go ahead and glue everything into place!

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How do I make a black bear diorama?

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Do a little research to find out what they eat, where they live, and what they look like. Then, design the appropriate wilderness background with a few plastic trees for props. Create the bear out of cardboard or some other material and prop it up in the diorama.

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How would I make a diorama of a sea otter?

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Make the bottom dark blue for the sea. Paint the walls on all sides with lighter and lighter shades of blue (sea into sky). Add some otter toys (printed otters glued to board). The animals could be supported by things like mini-figure stands or poster tack. Arrange them so they look as though they are swimming in the area you want. Add some raffia or similar for kelp and a few plastic fish toys for their meals. You could include a rocky outcrop for them to sleep and play on.

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How would I make a diorama of a seahorse?

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Paint the background blue and add some fish and a coral reef. On the bottom, put some seahorse toys and paint algae for them to eat and seaweed for them to cling onto. Hang a few seahorse toys from the lid into the diorama, using fishing monofilament or invisible thread. Add a label and you're all set.

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The advice in this section is based on the lived experiences of wikiHow readers like you. If you have a helpful tip you’d like to share on wikiHow, please submit it in the field below.

For a really natural looking base or landscape in your diorama, try putting salt dough over pieces of styrofoam. The texture of the salt dough gives a more realistic, uneven, organic feel to mimic the ground. It's perfect for building up natural elements like hills, valleys, cliffs, etc before you add the rest of the scene.
If you want to make customized miniature figures for your diorama scene, modeling clay is a great material to use. It's easy to hand-shape clay into any form you want. Next, you can paint the figures with acrylics in appropriate colors and add details. The finished clay figures will add a unique, homemade touch.
When selecting materials to build your diorama, make use of a variety of things — don't just stick to one material. Mix different elements like paper, clay, cardboard, found objects, fabric scraps, etc. Using diverse textures and visuals makes the final product more complex and interesting to the eye.
Add thoughtful little details to your diorama, but don't go overboard to the point that the scene becomes too cluttered. Stay focused on the main theme or concept, and let it shine through strongly. Too many objects can distract from the overall cohesiveness.
Once your diorama is complete, photograph it from multiple angles to really appreciate all the hard work you put into it! Shooting from the front, sides, above, and more highlights every element.

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