Soft drinks and its harmful effects

11/05/2014
SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS
1

INTRODUCTION
CLASS :
B.S-VIII CHEMISTRY
SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
TOPIC:
SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL
EFFECTS
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. SANA MUSTAFA
MADE BY:
HAFIZ MANSOOR HUSSAIN
11/05/2014
2

WHAT ARE SOFT DRINKS ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Soft drink is also known as club soda,
soda water, sparkling water, carbonated
water & fizzy water.
It is water into which carbon di oxide
gas under pressure has been dissolve, a
process that cause the water to become
effervescent. and the process is called
carbonation.
Soft drinks have become so much a
part of modern living, especially in major
cities around the world.
It particularly appeals to the younger
generation who drinks soft drinks in
place of water
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Harmful Effects Of Soft Drinks
No Nutritional Benefits:
There are no
nutritionally
beneficial
components in
soft drinks.
11/05/2014SOFT DRINKS & ITS HARMFUL EFFECTS 4

COMPONENTS OF SOFT DRINK:
Water
Sugar
Carbon
dioxide
Acids
Artificial
Sweeteners
Artificial
colors
Preservatives

HARMFUL EFFECTS ARE AS FOLLOWS
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6
OBESITY
KIDNEY
FAILURE
MIGRAIN
MEMORY LOSS
BLADDER
CANCER
BIRTH
DEFECTS
EMOTIONAL
DISORDERNES
DEHYDRATION
OSTEOPOROSIS
COMA
DENTAL
EROSION
CELL DEMAGE
CARDIAC
FAILURE
HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE

HEART BURN & CELL DAMAGE: Carbon dioxide can change the pH
of water. According to the following
reaction:
 CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3
 Carbonated drinks are made by
injecting carbon dioxide into the
water under pressure. The more
carbon dioxide injected, the lower
the pH, the more acidic it gets, the
more fizzy it is.
 Too much carbon dioxide kills
healthy cells. Dead cells cause an
acidic environment.
 Soft drink consumption is a
strong predictor of
Heartburn/Acidity.
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EFFECT OF CAFFEINE
 Caffeine is an addictive drug that enhances the flavor of soft
drinks.
 It artificially stimulates the nervous system and increases the
heart rate.
 Excessive caffeine consumption is linked to cancers of the
bladder and stomach and raised blood pressure.
 It may even contribute to birth defects in babies.
 Excessive urination and other health problems.
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CAFFEINE OVERDOSE:

OBESITY: Drinking a single 330 ml can a
day of sugary drinks translates to
more than 453.592 gm of weight
gain every month.
The relationship between soft
drink consumption and body
weight is so strong that is each
additional can of soft drink
consumed, the risk of obesity
increases 1.6 times.
Sugar-sweetened beverages are
linked to more than 180,000
obesity related deaths a year.
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ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS
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ASPARTAME
• C 14 H 18 N 2 O 5
SACCHARIN
•C7H5NO3S

ASPARTAME
 A white, crystalline, odorless, slightl
y water soluble non-carbohydrate
powder,
C 14 H 18 N 2 O 5,synthesized
from amino acids, that is 150-200
times as sweet as sugar.
 It does enhance the taste of the
drink but it also cause numerous
adverse side-effects. Common
complaints include migraine,
memory loss, emotional disorders,
blurred vision, ringing in the ears
and shortness of breath.
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SACCHARIN (C7H5NO3S)
 Saccharin is an artificial sweetener
with effectively no food energy
which is approximately 300 times as
sweet as sucrose or table sugar.
 It has been proven to cause
bladder cancer.
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PRSERVATIVES
SODIUM BENZOATE
 It is present in most soft
drinks.
 This chemical is known to
cause asthma, rashes and
hyperactivity.
SULPHUR DIOXIDE
 It is also used in some soft drinks to
preserve the color of say,
carbonated lemon juice from turning
brown.
 This chemical is used for industrial
bleaching.
 It is so toxic that repeated
exposures to it can cause fainting
spells, skin eruptions, swelling,
tightening of the chest, shock, coma
and even death.
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TOOTH DECAY:
The acidity can dissolve
the mineral content of the
enamel, making the teeth
weaker, more sensitive,
and more susceptible to
decay. Soda's acidity
makes it even worse for
teeth than the solid sugar
found in candy.
Dental experts continue to
urge that people drink less
soda pop, especially
between meals, to prevent
tooth decay and dental
erosion.
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ACIDS
Citric acid
( C6H8O7)
Phosphoric
acid
(H3PO4)
Malic acid
(C4H6O5 )
Tartaric
acids
(C4H6O6)
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Impaired Digestive System
 The digestive system, that starts
from the mouth and ends up at the
anus only the stomach can resist an
acidic environment up to pH 2.0.
 But before the acidity of soft drink
reaches the stomach it passes
through all the other organs
involved in the digestive system
thus causing an abnormal acidic
environment.
 The phosphoric acid present in soft
drink competes with the
hydrochloric acid of the stomach
and affects its functions. When the
stomach becomes ineffective, food
remains undigested causing
indigestion, gastric issues or
bloating (swelling of stomach).

Dehydration
 Both caffeine and sugar cause
dehydration.
 Caffeine is a diuretic and causes
an increase in urine volume
 High concentration of sugar is
drawing off water because your
kidneys try to expel the excess
sugar out of the blood.
 When you drink a caffeinated
soft drink to quench your thirst,
you will actually become
thirstier
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KIDNEY FAILURE:
Drinking large amounts of soft
drinks containing phosphoric acid
may be especially harmful.
Having poor kidney function can
lead to unusually high levels of
phosphorous in your blood that
lower calcium levels, increasing
your risk of bone disease and brittle
bones.
That cola beverages can increase
the risk of kidney problems, more
so than non-cola sodas.
Large quantities of cola result in
enhanced kidney stone formation
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TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE
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 Take bottles of soft drinks.
 As soon as the bottles were opened,
one by one the sample was passed
through lime water. The lime water
turned milky.
 Conclusion:
All the soft drinks contain dissolved
carbon dioxide in water. The carbon
dioxide dissolves in water to form
carbonic acid, which is responsible for
its tangy taste.
 CHEMICAL REACTION:
Ca(OH) 2 + CO 2 ----- CaCO3 + H2 O
Sr. No.
Name of the
drink
Time taken
(sec.) Conclusion
1 Coca Cola 26.5 CO2 is present
2 Sprite 21 CO2 is present
3 Limca 35 CO2 is present
4 Fanta 36 CO2 is present

TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
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 Small samples of each brand of cold
drinks were taken in separate test
tubes and Ammonium Molybdate
followed by concentrated Nitric
Acid was added to it. The solution
was heated. Appearance of canary-
yellow precipitate confirmed the
presence of phosphate ions in cold
drinks.
 All the soft drinks samples gave
positive test for phosphate ions.
Hence all the cold drinks contain
phosphate.
NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ →
(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3+21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
Sr. No. Name of the drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola CANARY-YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
Phosphate is
present
2 Sprite CANARY-YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
Phosphate is
present
3 Limca CANARY-YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
Phosphate is
present
4 Fanta CANARY-YELLOW
PRECIPITATE
Phosphate is
present

TEST FOR ALCOHOL
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 Small samples of each brand of cold drinks
were taken in separate test tubes, Iodine
&Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH) solution was
added to each test tube. Then the test tubes
were heated in hot water bath for 30
minutes. Appearance of yellow colored
precipitate confirmed the presence of
alcohol in cold drinks.
 All the cold drinks samples gave positive
test for alcohol
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 +
6NaOHCHI3 + HCOONa +
5NaI + 5H2O
Sr. No. Name of the drink OBSERVATION Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Yellow ppt. Alcohol is present
2 Sprite Yellow ppt. Alcohol is present
3 Limca Yellow ppt. Alcohol is present
4 Fanta Yellow ppt. Alcohol is present

WHAT DO WE DO??????
 Do yourself and me a huge favor–please cut down or
stop drinking any form of soft/carbonated/soda
drinks.
 Instead, turn to healthy fresh fruit and vegetable
juices if you value your health. Start today, it is not
too late.
 You can still reverse the damages already done to
your body, by taking the first step to learn what is
beneficial for you. Choose to live healthy.
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ANY
QUESTIONS?
???
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24

THANKS TO ALL 
REGARDS:
11/05/2014
25

Soft drinks and its harmful effects

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