Elements of Chapter 4
Topic 1: Chapter 4

What needs to be included in the chapter?
The topics below are typically included in this chapter, and often in this order (check with your Chair):

• Introduction
  • Remind the reader what your research questions were
    • In a qualitative study you will restate the research questions
    • In a quantitative study you will present the hypotheses
• Findings (qualitative), Results (quantitative, and Discussion (quantitative)
  • In a qualitative study the information to be reported is called findings. Findings are those themes that have emerged from or have been found in the data you collected. They are the product of your analysis.
  • In a quantitative study the results of the quantitative analyses conducted may be presented on their own, without any accompanying connections to the larger literature.
  • When quantitative data are presented without any accompanying explanation a discussion section is presented separately in order to explain the meaning of the results.