Backbone Entertainment
| Company type | Subsidiary |
|---|---|
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | 2003 |
| Defunct | 2015 |
| Fate | Dissolved |
| Headquarters | , US |
| Products | Death Jr. |
| Parent | Foundation 9 Entertainment (2005–2015) |
Backbone Entertainment was an American video game developer based in Emeryville, California. The company was formed in 2003 as the result of a merger between developers Digital Eclipse and ImaginEngine. In 2005, Backbone merged with The Collective to form Foundation 9 Entertainment.
History[edit]
Backbone Entertainment was formed in 2003 through a merger between Digital Eclipse, a developer of emulations of arcade games, and ImaginEngine, an edutainment games developer. ImaginEngine remained an independent studio, based in Framingham, Massachusetts, while Digital Eclipse's studios were absorbed by Backbone, becoming Backbone Emeryville and Backbone Vancouver, respectively.[1][2] In 2004, in co-operation with the University of Hawaii, Backbone opened an office in Honolulu, Hawaii, under the lead of Backbone's chairman, Mark Loughridge.[3][4] On March 29, 2005, Backbone Entertainment announced that it was merging with another developer, The Collective, to form Foundation 9 Entertainment.[5] By this point, Backbone also operated Games2Learn, another edutainment game developer.[5] Later in 2005, Backbone first rose to prominence with the release of Death Jr., a game for PlayStation Portable.[6]
In February 2006, Backbone opened another subsidiary studio, Backbone Charlottetown, in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, under the lead of Andrew Ayre.[7] In May 2007, the new studio, including Ayre and several former Digital Eclipse employees, spun off from Backbone and became Other Ocean Interactive, aiming at showcasing Digital Eclipse's former traits in a smaller fashion.[8][9] In September 2008, Backbone let go most people employed at its Vancouver studio, followed by a full closure of the studio in May 2009.[10][11] In October 2012, Backbone laid off the majority of its Emeryville-based staff to avoid closing completely.[12] A few days later, it was reported that ImaginEngine had shut down, leaving 25 people, including studio head Randall Sanborn, out of work.[1]
Subsidiaries[edit]
- Backbone Charlottetown (2006–2007)
- Backbone Emeryville (2003–2015)
- Backbone Vancouver (2003–2009)
- Games2Learn
- ImaginEngine (2003–2012)
Games developed[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Takahashi, Dean (October 12, 2012). "ImaginEngine game studio shuts down (exclusive)". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on December 1, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- ^ Adams, David (August 19, 2005). "Foundation 9 Goes Next-Gen". IGN.
- ^ Reyes, B.J. (February 3, 2004). "Software company seeks talent from university's media academy". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
- ^ Hao, Sean (April 11, 2004). "Making a game of it". The Honolulu Advertiser. Archived from the original on December 27, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
- ^ a b Jenkins, David (March 29, 2005). "Backbone Entertainment, The Collective To Merge". Gamasutra.
- ^ Krupa, Daniel (October 9, 2012). "Death Jr. Dev Faces Closure". IGN. Archived from the original on February 16, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
- ^ Carless, Simon (February 6, 2006). "Foundation 9 To Open New Canadian Studio". Gamasutra.
- ^ VB Staff (September 22, 2017). "Other Ocean: Building the past, the future, and the present". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on April 16, 2018. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- ^ Boyer, Brandon (April 7, 2008). "Other Ocean: iPhone To Be 'Major Player' In Handheld Market". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on May 14, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- ^ Kyllo, Blaine (January 28, 2009). "Vancouver's video game family tree". The Georgia Straight. Archived from the original on April 10, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
- ^ Lavender, Terry (November 18, 2009). "Is it Game Over for Vancouver's Video Game Industry? Not quite yet". Vancouver Observer. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- ^ Rose, Mike (October 9, 2012). "Layoffs at digital game studio Backbone Entertainment". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on December 1, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
- American companies established in 2003
- American companies disestablished in 2015
- 2003 establishments in California
- 2015 disestablishments in California
- Companies based in Emeryville, California
- Video game companies based in California
- Video game companies established in 2003
- Video game companies disestablished in 2015
- Video game development companies
- Defunct video game companies of the United States
- Defunct companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area