Wolfgang G. Schwanitz was the inaugural Bernard Lewis Fellow in the Middle East Program at the Foreign Policy Research Institute. He is a native of East Germany who was raised in Egypt. He holds a Ph.D. in Middle Eastern Studies from Leipzig University, has taught at five German and American universities, and served as head of Middle Eastern history at the Academy of Science in Berlin. Schwanitz has been a visiting fellow at the French Center in Cairo, Princeton University, and the German Historical Institute in Washington, DC. He is a specialist in comparative and transregional studies of modern international relations between the United States, the Middle East, and Europe. The author of ten and the editor of ten books, among them Germany and the Middle East 1871-1945; Islam in Europe, Revolts in the Middle East; Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East (with Barry Rubin) and yearly The Middle East Mosaic 2015-2019, his works have been translated into eight languages.