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biochem
UNIT I
An overview of Structure and functions of plant cells (including plant cell wall, plasmodesmata, vacuoles), stomatal movement, transpiration and plant movement. Photosynthetic apparatus and pigments. Mechanism of photosynthesis: thylakoids, Light receptors- light harvesting complexes. Photosystems I and II, mechanism of quantum capture and energy transfer between photosystems. Hill reaction and photophosphorylation.
UNIT II
Carbon reactions in C3. Ca and CAM plants Calvin cycle, Hatch-Slack pathway. Photorespiration: Role of photorespiration in plants; Biochemical basis of PR pathway C cycle. Starch biosynthesis and degradation. An overview on micro and macro nutrients in plants.
Anx. 22 PMBC21
2022-24 Batch
Page No.2
UNIT III
Nitrogen fixation symbiotic and Asymbiotic, Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes by Rhizobia-enzymology of nitrogen fixation; regulation of nif and nod genes of nitrogen fixation. Sulphur chemistry and functions; reductive sulfate assimilation pathway. Synthesis and function of glutathione.
UNIT IV
Plant hormones Biosynthesis and role of auxin, gibberellic, abscisic acids, cytokinins and ethylene in the growth and development of plants. Biochemistry of seed germination and fruit ripening. Photoperiodism Role of Phytochrome in growth and development of plants, Senescence- Biochemical changes, Types. Circadian rhythm in plants.
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2022-24 Batch
UNIT III
Nitrogen fixation symbiotic and Asymbiotic, Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes by Rhizobia-enzymology of nitrogen fixation; regulation of nif and nod genes of nitrogen fixation. Sulphur chemistry and functions; reductive sulfate assimilation pathway. Synthesis and function of glutathione.
UNIT IV
Plant hormones Biosynthesis and role of auxin, gibberellic, abscisic acids, cytokinins and ethylene in the growth and development of plants. Biochemistry of seed germination and fruit ripening. Photoperiodism Role of Phytochrome in growth and development of plants. Senescence- Biochemical changes, Types. Circadian rhythm in plants.
UNIT V
Phytotherapeutics: Importance of herbal medicine, Biological importance of medicinal plants (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Ocimum sanctum, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Phyllanthus emblica). Secondary metabolites-Nature, distribution, biosynthesis and function of nicotine, phenols- shikimic acid pathway, terpenoids. Plant defense system: Importance of Antioxidants and its types, anti-inflammatory agents and its types. Medical jurisprudence: Nerium oleandara, Datura plant toxins. Phytochemical analysis: preparation of different plant extracts, Qualitative analysis Importance of Phytochemical screening of secondary metabolites, Isolation and purification by using Chromatography techniques.
UNIT VI
Contemporary issues: Expert Lectures, online seminars- webinars. (2 Hours)
REFERENCES
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Hans Walter Heldt (2011). Plant Biochemistry. Oxford University Press, New York.
2. P. M. Dey and J. B. Harborne (2000). Plant Biochemistry. Harcourt Asia Pvt Ltd.
3. S. N. Pandey and B. K. Sinha (2006). Plant Physiology. 4th edition. Vikas Publishing house Pvt Ltd.
Anx.22 PMBC21
Page No.3
2022-24 Batch
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Kumar Purohit (2003). Plant Physiology. 2th Edition, Agrobios,
56/71
2. V. Verma (2008). Textbook of Plant Physiology. Ane Books India.
3. C.P. Malik (2002). Plant Physiology. Kalyani Publishers/Lyall Book Depot.
4. Anderson and Beandall (1991). Molecular activities of plant cells. An illustrated
edition, Blackwell Scientific Publishers.
PEDAGOGY: Chalk and Talk, OHP. PPT.
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An 22 PMBC21 2022-24 Batch
Page in
PROGRAM TITLE: M.Sc., BIOCHEMISTRY
COURSE TITLE: CORE COURSE XVII: ADVANCED CANCER BIOLOGY
Course
Number of Hours/Week
Semester
Marks
ESE
50
Total 100
Code 438
CIA 50
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Understanding the relationship between cell cycle and cancer, mechanism of oncogene activation and also to know the therapeutics in cancer
COURSE OUTCOMES AND ITS COMPETENCY LEVEL:
Competency level
K4
Abbreviation
COL
Course outcomes
To understand the basics in cell cycle and cancer
To outline the concepts of carcmugent and its mechamam
Tit apply the knowledge to understand the role of oncogenes
To distingunh how genetics contributes to predisposition and pregression of cancer
To discuss the various treatments for cancer.
Credits
K2
005
CONTENTS
UNIT I
Cell Cycle and Cancer Introduction cell cycle phases and its regulation. Cell cycle control Introduction-Growth characteristics of cancer cells, Morphological and ultrastructural properties of cancer cells. Types of cancer: Benign, carcinomas, sarcoma, adenoma and hematopoietic cancer. Difference between benign and malignant tumors. Epidemiology of cancer
Apoptosis in cancer-Cell death by apoptosis-role of caspases, Death signaling pathways mitochondrial and death receptor pathways
Tumor suppressor genes (p5.3 and Rb proteins, tumor suppressor microRNAs and oncomiRs) and their role in cancer.
UNIT 11
Principles of carcinogenesis: Introduction carcinogens types. Chemical caremogenesis stages in chemical carcinogenesis-initiation, promotion and progression Testing for carcinogens Mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis- ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
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Page No.5
Anx. 22 PMBC21 2022-24 Batch
UNIT HI
Principles of Molecular Cell Biology of Cancer: Oncogenes Types of Oncogenes and oncoproteins Mechamsm of converting proto-oncogene into oncogene. The ras cycle Co- operation between ras and mye cycle. Micro-organism and cancer-retrovirus-(RSV life cycle and its role in cancer). Telomeres and cancer.
UNIT IV
Principles of cancer metastasis: Metastasis introduction and cascade clinical significance of invasion, three step theories of invasion, role of protease in basement membrane disruption EMT transition.
UNIT V
Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: Detection of cancers-prediction of aggressiveness of cancer, detection using biochemical assays, tumor markers-AFP and CEA. Genetic markers BRCA and Her 2. Diagnostic and prognostic markers-p53. Different forms of therapy: chemotherapy- SFU. Radiation therapy-radiosensitizers, Immunotherapy-monoclonal antibodies, Hormone therapy- Tamoxifen. Role of antioxidants in prevention of cancer
UNIT VI
Contemporary issues: Expert Lectures, online seminars- webinars. (2 Hours)
REFERENCES
TEXTBOOKS
Llan F. Tannock, Richard P. Hill, Robert G. Bristow, Lea Harrington (2005). The Basic Sciences of oncology. 5th Edition, McGraw Hill companies.
2 Weinberg RA (2014). The biology of cancer. 2nd edition, Taylor and Francis, Garland Science. UK.
3. Pelengaris S and Khan M (Eds) (2013). The molecular biology of Cancer. 2nd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, USA.
REFERENCES:
1. Benjamin Lewin (2018). Genes XH. Pearson Education Corporation, New Jersey.
2. Gareth Thomas (2009). Medicinal Chemistry An introduction, 2nd edition, John Wiley and sons.
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