List of Presidents of the United States
Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. As chief of the executive branch and face of the federal government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is indirectly elected to a four-year term by an Electoral College (or by the House of Representatives, should the Electoral College fail to award an absolute majority of votes to any person). Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected president more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.[1] Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent president, the vice president assumes the office. The president must be at least 35 years of age, has to have lived in the United States for 14 years, and has to be a "natural born" citizen of the United States.
This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the ratification of the United States Constitution, which took effect on March 4, 1789. For American leaders before this ratification, see President of the Continental Congress.[2] The list does not include any acting presidents under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
There have been 43 people sworn into office, and 44 presidencies, as Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the 22nd and 24th president. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison,[3] Zachary Taylor,[4] Warren G. Harding,[5] and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln,[6] James A. Garfield,[6][7] William McKinley,[8] and John F. Kennedy) and one resigned (Richard Nixon).[9]
George Washington, the first president, was inaugurated in 1789 after a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office with 32 days in 1841. Franklin D. Roosevelt spent the longest with over twelve years, but died shortly into his fourth term in 1945; he is the only president to have served more than two terms. A constitutional amendment, affecting presidents after Harry Truman, was passed to limit the number of times an individual can be elected president. Four presidents—John Q. Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison, and George W. Bush—lost the popular vote but assumed office; Bush was subsequently re-elected with a popular majority.
List of presidents[edit]
| |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
President | Presidency[a] | Party | Election | Previous service | Vice President | ||||
1 | George Washington 1732–1799 (Lived: 67 years) [10][11][12] |
April 30, 1789[b] – March 4, 1797 |
Nonpartisan [13] |
1 (1788–89) |
Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army (1775–83) |
John Adams[c][d] | |||
2 (1792) | |||||||||
2 | John Adams 1735–1826 (Lived: 90 years) [14][15][16] |
March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801 |
Federalist | 3 (1796) |
1st Vice President of the United States |
Thomas Jefferson[e] | |||
[3 | Thomas Jefferson 1743–1826 (Lived: 83 years) [17][18][19] |
March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809 |
Democratic- Republican |
4 (1800) |
2nd Vice President of the United States |
Aaron Burr March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805 | |||
5 (1804) |
George Clinton March 4, 1805 – March 4, 1809 | ||||||||
4 | James Madison 1751–1836 (Lived: 85 years) [20][21][22] |
March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817 |
Democratic- Republican |
6 (1808) |
5th United States Secretary of State (1801–09) |
George Clinton March 4, 1809 – April 20, 1812[f] | |||
Office vacant April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813[g] | |||||||||
7 (1812) |
Elbridge Gerry March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814[f] | ||||||||
Office vacant November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817[g] | |||||||||
5 | James Monroe 1758–1831 (Lived: 73 years) [23][24][25] |
March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825 |
Democratic- Republican |
8 (1816) |
7th United States Secretary of State (1811–17) |
Daniel D. Tompkins | |||
9 (1820) | |||||||||
6 | John Quincy Adams 1767–1848 (Lived: 80 years) [26][27][28] |
March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829 |
Democratic- Republican |
10 (1824) |
8th United States Secretary of State (1817–25) |
John C. Calhoun | |||
7 | Andrew Jackson 1767–1845 (Lived: 78 years) [29][30][31] |
March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837 |
Democratic | 11 (1828) |
U.S. Senator from Tennessee (1823–25) |
John C. Calhoun March 4, 1829 – December 28, 1832[h] | |||
Office vacant December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833[g] | |||||||||
12 (1832) |
Martin Van Buren March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837 | ||||||||
8 | Martin Van Buren 1782–1862 (Lived: 79 years) [32][33][34] |
March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841 |
Democratic | 13 (1836) |
8th Vice President of the United States |
Richard Mentor Johnson | |||
9 | William Henry Harrison 1773–1841 (Lived: 68 years) [35][36][37] |
March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841[f] |
Whig | 14 (1840) |
United States Minister to Colombia (1828–29) |
John Tyler[i] | |||
10 | John Tyler[j] 1790–1862 (Lived: 71 years) [38][39][40] |
April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845 |
Whig April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841 |
10th Vice President of the United States |
Office vacant[g] | ||||
Independent September 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845[k] | |||||||||
11 | James K. Polk 1795–1849 (Lived: 53 years) [41][42][43] |
March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849 |
Democratic | 15 (1844) |
9th Governor of Tennessee (1839–41) |
George M. Dallas | |||
12 | Zachary Taylor 1784–1850 (Lived: 65 years) [44][45][46] |
March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850[f] |
Whig | 16 (1848) |
Major General of the 1st Infantry Regiment United States Army (1846–49) |
Millard Fillmore[i] | |||
13 | Millard Fillmore 1800–1874 (Lived: 74 years) [47][48][49] |
July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853 |
Whig | 12th Vice President of the United States |
Office vacant[g] | ||||
14 | Franklin Pierce 1804–1869 (Lived: 64 years) [50][51][52] |
March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857 |
Democratic | 17 (1852) |
Brigadier General of the 9th Infantry United States Army (1847–48) |
William R. King March 4 – April 18, 1853[f] | |||
Office vacant April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857[g] | |||||||||
15 | James Buchanan 1791–1868 (Lived: 77 years) [53][54][55] |
March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861 |
Democratic | 18 (1856) |
United States Minister to the Court of St James's (1853–56) |
John C. Breckinridge | |||
16 | Abraham Lincoln 1809–1865 (Lived: 56 years) [56][57][58] |
March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865[f] |
Republican (National Union)[l] |
19 (1860) |
U.S. Representative for Illinois' 7th (1847–49) |
Hannibal Hamlin March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865 | |||
20 (1864) |
Andrew Johnson March 4 – April 15, 1865[i] | ||||||||
17 | Andrew Johnson 1808–1875 (Lived: 66 years) [59][60][61] |
April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869 |
Democratic (National Union) [l] Unaffiliated[m] |
16th Vice President of the United States |
Office vacant[g] | ||||
18 | Ulysses S. Grant 1822–1885 (Lived: 63 years) [62][63][64] |
March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877 |
Republican | 21 (1868) |
Commanding General of the U.S. Army (1864–69) |
Schuyler Colfax March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873 | |||
22 (1872) |
Henry Wilson March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875[f] | ||||||||
Office vacant November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877[g] | |||||||||
19 | Rutherford B. Hayes 1822–1893 (Lived: 70 years) [65][66][67] |
March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881 |
Republican | 23 (1876) |
32nd Governor of Ohio (1868–72 & 1876–77) |
William A. Wheeler | |||
20 | James A. Garfield 1831–1881 (Lived: 49 years) [68][69][70] |
March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881[f] |
Republican | 24 (1880) |
U.S. Representative for Ohio's 19th (1863–81) |
Chester A. Arthur[i] | |||
21 | Chester A. Arthur 1829–1886 (Lived: 57 years) [71][72][73] |
September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885 |
Republican | 20th Vice President of the United States |
Office vacant[g] | ||||
22 | Grover Cleveland 1837–1908 (Lived: 71 years) [74][75] |
March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889 |
Democratic | 25 (1884) |
28th Governor of New York (1883–85) |
Thomas A. Hendricks March 4 – November 25, 1885[f] | |||
Office vacant November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889[g] | |||||||||
23 | Benjamin Harrison 1833–1901 (Lived: 67 years) [76][77][78] |
March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893 |
Republican | 26 (1888) |
U.S. Senator from Indiana (1881–87) |
Levi P. Morton | |||
24 | Grover Cleveland 1837–1908 (Lived: 71 years) [74][75] |
March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897 |
Democratic | 27 (1892) |
22nd President of the United States (1885–89) |
Adlai Stevenson | |||
25 | William McKinley 1843–1901 (Lived: 58 years) [79][80][81] |
March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901 [f] |
Republican | 28 (1896) |
39th Governor of Ohio (1892–96) |
Garret Hobart March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899[f] | |||
Office vacant November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901[g] | |||||||||
29 (1900) |
Theodore Roosevelt March 4 – September 14, 1901[i] | ||||||||
26 | Theodore Roosevelt 1858–1919 (Lived: 60 years) [82][83][84] |
September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909 |
Republican | 25th Vice President of the United States |
Office vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905[g] | ||||
30 (1904) |
Charles W. Fairbanks March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909 | ||||||||
27 | William Howard Taft 1857–1930 (Lived: 72 years) [85][86][87] |
March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913 |
Republican | 31 (1908) |
42nd United States Secretary of War (1904–08) |
James S. Sherman March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912[f] | |||
Office vacant October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913[g] | |||||||||
28 | Woodrow Wilson 1856–1924 (Lived: 67 years) [88][89][90] |
March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921 |
Democratic | 32 (1912) |
34th Governor of New Jersey (1911–13) |
Thomas R. Marshall | |||
33 (1916) | |||||||||
29 | Warren G. Harding 1865–1923 (Lived: 57 years) [91][92][93] |
March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923[f] |
Republican | 34 (1920) |
U.S. Senator from Ohio (1915–21) |
Calvin Coolidge[i] | |||
30 | Calvin Coolidge 1872–1933 (Lived: 60 years) [94][95][96] |
August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929 |
Republican | 29th Vice President of the United States |
Office vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925[g] | ||||
35 (1924) |
Charles G. Dawes March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929 | ||||||||
31 | Herbert Hoover 1874–1964 (Lived: 90 years) [97][98][99] |
March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933 |
Republican | 36 (1928) |
3rd United States Secretary of Commerce (1921–28) |
Charles Curtis | |||
32 | Franklin D. Roosevelt 1882–1945 (Lived: 63 years) [100][101][102] |
March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945[f] |
Democratic | 37 (1932) |
44th Governor of New York (1929–32) |
John Nance Garner March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941[n] | |||
38 (1936) | |||||||||
39 (1940) |
Henry A. Wallace January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945 | ||||||||
40 (1944) |
Harry S. Truman January 20 – April 12, 1945[i] | ||||||||
33 | Harry S. Truman 1884–1972 (Lived: 88 years) [103][104][105] |
April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953 |
Democratic | 34th Vice President of the United States |
Office vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949[g] | ||||
41 (1948) |
Alben W. Barkley January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953 | ||||||||
34 | Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890–1969 (Lived: 78 years) [106][107][108] |
January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 |
Republican | 42 (1952) |
Supreme Allied Commander Europe (1949–52) |
Richard Nixon | |||
43 (1956) | |||||||||
35 | John F. Kennedy 1917–1963 (Lived: 46 years) [109][110][111] |
January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963[f] |
Democratic | 44 (1960) |
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1953–60) |
Lyndon B. Johnson[i] | |||
36 | Lyndon B. Johnson 1908–1973 (Lived: 64 years) [112][113] |
November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969 |
Democratic | 37th Vice President of the United States |
Office vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965[g] | ||||
45 (1964) |
Hubert Humphrey January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969 | ||||||||
37 | Richard Nixon 1913–1994 (Lived: 81 years) [114][115][116] |
January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974[h] |
Republican | 46 (1968) |
36th Vice President of the United States (1953–61) |
Spiro Agnew January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973[h] | |||
47 (1972) | |||||||||
Office vacant October 10 – December 6, 1973[g] | |||||||||
Gerald Ford December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974[i] | |||||||||
38 | Gerald Ford 1913–2006 (Lived: 93 years) [117][118][119] |
August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977 |
Republican | 40th Vice President of the United States |
Office vacant August 9 – December 19, 1974[g] | ||||
Nelson Rockefeller December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977 | |||||||||
39 | Jimmy Carter Born 1924 (99 years old) [120][121][122] |
January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981 |
Democratic | 48 (1976) |
76th Governor of Georgia (1971–75) |
Walter Mondale | |||
40 | Ronald Reagan 1911–2004 (Lived: 93 years) [123][124][125] |
January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989 |
Republican | 49 (1980) |
33rd Governor of California (1967–75) |
George H. W. Bush | |||
50 (1984) | |||||||||
41 | George H. W. Bush 1924–2018 (Lived: 94 years) [126][127][128] |
January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 |
Republican | 51 (1988) |
43rd Vice President of the United States |
Dan Quayle | |||
42 | Bill Clinton Born 1946 (77 years old) [129][130][131] |
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 |
Democratic | 52 (1992) |
40th & 42nd Governor of Arkansas (1979–81 & 1983–92) |
Al Gore | |||
53 (1996) | |||||||||
43 | George W. Bush Born 1946 (77 years old) [132][133] |
January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009 |
Republican | 54 (2000) |
46th Governor of Texas (1995–2000) |
Dick Cheney | |||
55 (2004) | |||||||||
44 | Barack Obama Born 1961 (62 years old) [134][135] |
January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017 |
Democratic | 56 (2008) |
U.S. Senator from Illinois (2005–08) |
Joe Biden | |||
57 (2012) |
Living former presidents[edit]
Apparently Wiki has missed something. Yup this is a Beta Cluster alrighty. Presently, there are five living former presidents. The most recent death of a former president was that of George H. W. Bush (served 1989–93) on November 30, 2018 (aged 94 years, 171 days).
President | Term of office | Date of birth | |
---|---|---|---|
39 | Jimmy Carter | 1977–1981 | October 1, 1924 |
42 | Bill Clinton | 1993–2001 | August 19, 1946 |
43 | George W. Bush | 2001–2009 | July 6, 1946 |
44 | Barack Obama | 2009-2017 | August 4, 1961 |
45 | Donald J. Trump | 2017-2021 | June 14, 1946 |
Timeline[edit]
See also[edit]
- [[Archivo:
- REDIRECCIÓN Plantilla:Iconos|20px|Ver el portal sobre United States]] Portal:United States. Contenido relacionado con United States.
- Founding Fathers of the United States
- List of Vice Presidents of the United States
- Presidential portrait (United States)
- Presidential $1 Coin Program
- Presidencies
- Presidency of George W. Bush
- Presidency of Jimmy Carter
- Presidency of Bill Clinton
- Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant
- Presidency of Warren G. Harding
- Presidency of Andrew Jackson
- Presidency of Thomas Jefferson
- Timeline of the presidency of John F. Kennedy
- Presidency of Abraham Lincoln
- Presidency of Richard Nixon
- Presidency of Barack Obama
- Presidency of Ronald Reagan
- Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
- Presidency of George Washington
Notes[edit]
- ^ A presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A period during which a vice-president temporarily becomes acting president under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution is not a presidency, because the president remains in office during such a period.
- ^ Due to logistical delays, instead of being inaugurated on March 4, 1789, the date scheduled for operations of the federal government under the new Constitution to begin, George Washington's first inauguration was held 1 month and 26 days later. As a result, his first term was only Expression error: Unexpected < operator. days long (as opposed to the usual Expression error: Unexpected < operator.), and was the shortest term for a U.S. president who neither died in office nor resigned.
- ^ Political parties had not been anticipated when the Constitution was drafted in 1787 and ratified in 1788, nor did they exist at the time of the first presidential election in 1788–89. When they did develop, during George Washington's first term, John Adams joined the faction which became the Federalist Party. The elections of 1792 were the first ones in the United States to be contested on anything resembling a partisan basis.
- ^ Due to logistical delays, John Adams assumed the office of Vice President 1 month and 17 days after the March 4, 1789 scheduled start of operations of the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only Expression error: Unexpected < operator. days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who neither died in office nor resigned.
- ^ The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and the only one in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected president, and Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans was elected vice president.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Died in office, either by natural causes or assassination.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, there was no mechanism by which a vacancy in the Vice Presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill such a vacancy under the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment when he appointed Gerald Ford. Ford later became the second president to fill a vice presidential vacancy when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him.
- ^ a b c Resigned.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Succeeded to the presidency.
- ^ Being the first vice president to assume the presidency, Tyler set the precedent that a vice president who assumes the office of president becomes a fully functioning president who has his own presidency, as opposed to just a caretaker president. His political opponents attempted to refer to him as "acting president", but he refused to allow that. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution put Tyler's precedent into the Constitution.
- ^ John Tyler, a former Democrat, ran for vice president on the Whig Party ticket with William Henry Harrison in 1841. Tyler's policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most of the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party in September 1841.
- ^ a b Republican Abraham Lincoln ran for reelection in 1864, with Andrew Johnson, a War Democrat, as his running mate, on the National Union Party ticket.
- ^ Democrat Andrew Johnson, ran for vice president on the National Union Party ticket with Abraham Lincoln in 1864. While president, he tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the Democratic Party.
- ^ The 20th Amendment, ratified January 23, 1933, moved Inauguration Day from March 4 to January 20, beginning in 1937. As a result, John Nance Garner's first term in office was 1 month and 12 days shorter than a normal term.
References[edit]
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". U.S. National Archives & Records Administration, abgerufen am 1. Oktober 2008.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Harrold.org, abgerufen am 8. August 2011.
- ^ Cleaves, Freeman (1939). Old Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison and His Time. C. Scribner's Sons. p. 152.
- ^ Jared Ingersoll: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". University of Virginia's Miller Center of Public Affairs, abgerufen am 2. November 2010.
- ^ Russell, Francis (1962). The Shadow of Blooming Grove – Warren G. Harding in His Times. Easton Press. p. 591. ISBN 0070543380.
- ^ a b Martin, Paul "Lincoln's Missing Bodyguard", Smithsonian Magazine, April 8, 2010, Retrieved November 15, 2010
- ^ Donald (1996), p. 597.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Math.buffalo.edu, abgerufen am 8. August 2011.
- ^ "Nixon Resigns". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
- ^ The White House: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Communities.washingtontimes.com, 9. März 2012, abgerufen am 2. Januar 2013.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ a b Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ a b Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 13. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 13. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 13. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 13. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 20. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 6. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 7. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 7. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 7. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 7. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 7. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 7. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 7. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 25. Juni 2008, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 7. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 7. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 12. März 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". In: Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". C-SPAN, abgerufen am 7. März 2016.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 25. Februar 2007, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". Whitehouse.gov, 20. Januar 2009, abgerufen am 20. Januar 2009.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Vorlage:Internetquelle". History, abgerufen am 12. Januar 2009.
External links[edit]
- Pages with script errors
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Use mdy dates from August 2011
- Articles with invalid date parameter in template
- Pages using div col with unknown parameters
- Lists of presidents
- Lists relating to the United States presidency
- Presidents of the United States