United International Pictures
 |
|
| 50 / 50 joint venture | |
| Industry | Film |
| Founded | London (1970 as Cinema International Corporation) |
| Headquarters | London, United Kingdom |
| Products | Motion pictures |
| Owner | Viacom (National Amusements) NBCUniversal (Comcast) |
| Parent | Paramount Pictures Universal Studios |
| Website | UIP.com |
United International Pictures (or UIP) is a joint venture of Paramount Pictures (owned by Viacom) and Universal Studios (owned by NBCUniversal/Comcast), to distribute some of the two studios' films theatrically outside the United States (including territories), Canada, and the Anglophone Caribbean.
UIP also had international theatrical distribution rights to features by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios (which included Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and United Artists) when MGM was part of the venture. In 2001, as MGM left UIP,[1] they made a distribution deal with 20th Century Fox's overseas arm, an agreement that continues to this day.
The company formerly distributed DreamWorks releases as well, now these are handled by Touchstone Pictures and Mister Smith Entertainment for live action films, and Fox for animated films from DreamWorks Animation (which was spun off from DreamWorks in 2004, as its own company).
Contents
Overview
Cinema International Corporation
Paramount's early history with MCA dates back to the 1950s, when part of its talent pool worked for Paramount Pictures, notably Alfred Hitchcock. In 1957, MCA purchased the pre-1950 Paramount sound feature film library. In 1962, MCA purchased Universal Studios. In 1966, Gulf+Western purchased Paramount.
In a cost-cutting move, in 1970, as a result of American anti-trust laws, and due to declining movie-going audiences, both Paramount and Universal, agreed to merge their international operations into a new company: Cinema International Corporation, registered in England and Wales. It even operated in Canada and the Caribbean until the late 70s, when those territories were considered part of the "domestic" North American market.
In 1973, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer closed down its distribution offices and became a partner in CIC, which took over international distribution for MGM's films; however, United Artists took over the US, Canadian and Caribbean distribution for MGM's films that time. CIC also entered the home video market by forming CIC Video, which distributed Paramount and Universal titles on video worldwide. MGM however, had its own video unit, which later became a joint venture with CBS as MGM/CBS Home Video (later known as MGM/UA Home Video, which was later renamed to MGM Home Entertainment).
United International Pictures
In 1981, MGM merged with United Artists, which had its own international distribution unit. CIC refused to let MGM drop out of the venture at the time, but let the latter merge UA's overseas arm into CIC, which led to the reorganization of the company as United International Pictures. MGM eventually left the venture in 2001, when it moved its international distribution to 20th Century Fox. The last MGM film to be released through UIP was Hannibal.
In 1986, Ted Turner purchased MGM/UA, but later resold the company except for its film library, which included the pre-May 1986 MGM film and television library and the pre-1950 Warner Bros. film library (which the latter was sold to Associated Artists Productions in 1956, and got acquired by United Artists in 1958). After that library was acquired by Turner, UIP (through MGM/UA) signed a deal to continue distributing the pre-May 1986 MGM and pre-1950 Warner Bros. film libraries for theatrical release.
CIC's name lived on in its video division, which became directly managed as a joint venture of Paramount Home Video and MCA Videocassette, Inc. (later MCA Home Video and MCA/Universal Home Video). CIC Video survived until the late 1990s/early 2000s, when Universal purchased PolyGram and reorganized its video division (which was a joint venture with what is now Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, and remains so to this day) under the Universal name, while Paramount took over full ownership of CIC Video and merged it under its own video division.
UIP also had a subscription television arm, UIP Pay TV, which distributed Paramount, MGM/UA, and Universal releases to pay TV broadcasters outside the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and the Anglophone Caribbean. UIP Pay TV was broken up in 1997 after a 4-year investigation by the European Union, as it accused UIP as a cartel-like organisation. The pay TV rights for the films were eventually transferred to Paramount International Television (later renamed CBS Paramount International Television and currently known as CBS Studios International; today, the Paramount films are distributed by Trifecta Entertainment & Media), Universal Worldwide Television (currently known as NBCUniversal International Television Distribution) and MGM Worldwide Television.
2007 reorganization
Starting in 2007, UIP considerably reduced its international operations. At least 15 "key countries" are now directly managed separately by Universal (taking over operations in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, South Korea, Spain and Switzerland)[1] and Paramount (taking over operations in Australia, Brazil, France, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Russia and the UK).[1]
As Universal takes over the Korean division of UIP, CJ Entertainment became the new distributor for films by Paramount.
Though it was initially planned to be kept intact, UIP's Japanese operations ceased in late 2007;[2] Paramount took its Japanese distribution operation in-house,[3] and Universal Pictures Japan formed distribution alliances with Toho-Towa for theatrical distribution[4] and Geneon Entertainment (now NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan) for home entertainment distribution).[5]
In 2002, Finland's UIP branch ceased operations. Its releases in that territory were later handled by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, then in 2006, distribution passed on to national cinema operator Finnkino.
Current organization
The company is based in London, United Kingdom. However, as of 2010, UIP continues to directly distribute films in 19 countries: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Greece, Hungary, India, Israel, Malaysia, Norway, Panama, Peru, the Philippines (through Sony Pictures International since June 2014), Poland, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey. In addition, the company has distribution agreements with locally owned distribution companies in a further 43 countries.[6] One such example is Bontonfilm in the Czech Republic, who previously distributed material from CIC & UIP in both the Czech and the Slovak markets.
See also
References
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Variety Asia Online Archived August 9, 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ UIP website: Who We Are Retrieved 2012-09-10
