Croatian language
South Slavic language / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Croatian (/kroʊˈeɪʃən/ ⓘ; hrvatski [xř̩ʋaːtskiː]) is the standardised variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language[8][9][10][11][12][13] mainly used by Croats.[14] It is the national official language and literary standard of Croatia, one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, the European Union and a recognized minority language elsewhere in Serbia and other neighbouring countries.
| Croatian | |
|---|---|
| hrvatski | |
| Pronunciation | [xř̩ʋaːtskiː] |
| Native to | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary (Bácska), Montenegro (Bay of Kotor), Romania (Caraș-Severin County), Serbia (Vojvodina)[1] |
| Region | Southeast Europe |
| Ethnicity | Croats |
Native speakers | L1: 5.1 million (including all dialects spoken by Croats) (2021)[1] L2: 1.3 million (2012)[1] |
| Latin (Gaj's alphabet) Yugoslav Braille Glagolitic (historical) Bosnian cyrillic (historical) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina (co-official) Montenegro (co-official)[3] Serbia (in Vojvodina) Austria (in Burgenland) European Union |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Regulated by | Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | hr |
| ISO 639-2 | hrv |
| ISO 639-3 | hrv |
| Glottolog | croa1245 |
| Linguasphere | part of 53-AAA-g |
 States and regions which recognize Croatian as (co-)official (dark red) or minority language (light red). | |
 Croatian is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
In the mid-18th century, the first attempts to provide a Croatian literary standard began on the basis of the Neo-Shtokavian dialect that served as a supraregional lingua franca – pushing back regional Chakavian, Kajkavian, and Shtokavian vernaculars.[15] The decisive role was played by Croatian Vukovians, who cemented the usage of Ijekavian Neo-Shtokavian as the literary standard in the late 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, in addition to designing a phonological orthography.[16] Croatian is written in Gaj's Latin alphabet.[17]
Besides the Shtokavian dialect, on which Standard Croatian is based, there are two other main supradialects spoken on the territory of Croatia, Chakavian and Kajkavian. These supradialects, and the four national standards, are usually subsumed under the term "Serbo-Croatian" in English; this term is controversial for native speakers,[18] and names such as "Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian" (BCMS) are used by linguists and philologists in the 21st century.[19]
In 1997, the Croatian Parliament established the Days of the Croatian Language from March 11 to 17.[20] Since 2013, the Institute of Croatian language has been celebrating the Month of the Croatian Language, from February 21 (International Mother Language Day) to March 17 (the day of signing the Declaration on the Name and Status of the Croatian Literary Language).[20]