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Terms in this set (23)
Bacteremia definition:
bacteria in the blood
Most common sources of bacteremia (3):
UTIs
respiratory tract infections
skin or soft tissue infections
respiratory tract infections
skin or soft tissue infections
Gram negative sepsis pattern of bacteremia:
reason for only ~50% of cases having positive cultures.
infective endocarditis pattern of bacteremia
Reason for >95% of cases having positive cultures.
**Sepsis definition:
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that has a PROVEN or SUSPECTED microbial etiology
(BACTEREMIA IS NOT REQUIRED, bacteria may invade blood OR just release toxins into blood)
(BACTEREMIA IS NOT REQUIRED, bacteria may invade blood OR just release toxins into blood)
SIRS requires two or more of the following:
Fever or Hypothermia
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Abnormal WBC count
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Abnormal WBC count
Severe Sepsis:
Sepsis with one or more signs of organ dysfunction
Septic Shock:
Severe sepsis + hypotension (systolic < 90 mmHg)
Refractory septic shock:
septic shock that lasts for >1 hour and does not respond to fluid and pharmacologic treatment
Multiorgan failure:
Dysfunction of > 1 organ (may include kidneys, lungs and liver as well as development of DIC)
DIC pathway:
IL-6 > TF - DIC
Septic shock induction via gram-negative bacteria:
via endotoxin (LPS)/ Lipid A
Gram positive bacteria induction of sepsis/septic shock via:
peptidoglycan or exotoxins
Role of LPS/Endotoxin in Sepsis:
Causes release of cytokines: TNF, IL-1, IL-6 > can cause septic shock
Staph Aureus Features:
Gram positive cocci in grape-like GRAPE-LIKE CLUSTERS
Catalase +
*Coagulase +*
Catalase +
*Coagulase +*