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Terms in this set (18)
Federalism
the division between a central government and regional governments
federal system of government
the states and national government exercise separate powers within their own spheres of authority.
Dual Federalism
the belief of having separate but equally powerful branches and levels of government, in which the state and national levels would both have a lot of power to balance each other out. They have their own spheres. (Layer Cake)
Cooperative Federalism
the belief of all levels of government working together cooperatively to achieve and solve common problems. (Marble Cake)
Creative Federalism
the type of federalism that shifted more power towards the national government by bypassing state governments and allowing the federal government to have direct control over statewide programs.
New Federalism
in this progression of federalism, more power was returned to the states in an effort to even out the balance of strength between the national government and state governments. one way this shift was achieved was with block grants.
block grants
grants to the state governments with little description or restrictions on how to handle the money.
Combined several categorical grants in broad policy areas into one general grant.
Combined several categorical grants in broad policy areas into one general grant.
Federalism under President Bush
gave an extreme amount of power to the national government, as unity and control was needed during the times of need of the nation in this era.
Judicial Federalism
the ability of the Supreme Court and judicial review to influence the type of federalism during a certain era, mainly because of their ability to rule on whether something is constitutional or not. This ability allows the court to decide where the power of government goes.
McCulloch vs Maryland
Supreme Court expanded the powers of the Congress through a broad interpretation of its "necessary and proper" powers, and reaffirmed national supremacy by striking down Maryland's attempt to tax the bank of the U.S.
Printz vs U.S.
the court invalidated federal law that required local police to conduct background checks on all gun purchasers. The court ruled that it violated the tenth amendment.
Fiscal Federalism
involves the offer of money from the national government to the states in the form of grants to promote national ends such as public welfare, environmental standards, and education improvements.
Categorical Grants
is the national government providing money to the states for specific purposes.
Revenue sharing
a way of providing monies to states with no strings attached.
Progressive Federalism
employed by the Obama administration which allows the states to have a greater control over issues normally reserved for the national government.