A comprehensive guide to travel restrictions across Europe

This article was updated on February 25, 2022.

The European Union spent decades getting rid of its borders. Coronavirus brought them back.

When the pandemic first washed across the bloc in early 2020, panicky countries restored border controls; people and trucks transporting everything from car parts to cabbages spent days in huge lines waiting to cross frontiers. Most air travel ended. Over the last year, as COVID-19 vaccines have become available, those barriers have been lowered — but they haven’t entirely gone away.

Instead of a seamless travel zone from Finland to Portugal, the EU is very much a cacophony of independent nations. Travel rules that apply in Estonia aren’t the same in Cyprus. A traveler strolling through Warsaw’s Chopin Airport may face a very different reception in Dublin.

A rising fourth wave of infections, made worse by panic over the appearance of the Omicron coronavirus variant, has countries across the bloc bringing in new emergency measures. Austria’s bars and restaurants are shuttered. In Belgium, you have to show a COVID pass to get a table in a restaurant. In Poland, no one bothers to check at all.

Finding information on the fast-changing situation isn’t easy. That’s why POLITICO’s reporters have gone through all 27 EU countries, plus Iceland, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Norway and the U.K. to give travelers an idea of what the entry rules are, what paperwork is needed, and what you can do once you’ve cleared border formalities.

The information will be updated weekly.

Austria | Belgium | Bulgaria | Croatia | Cyprus | Czech Republic | Denmark | Estonia | Finland | France | Germany | Greece | Hungary | Iceland | Ireland | Italy | Latvia | Liechtenstein | Lithuania | Luxembourg | Malta | Netherlands | Norway | Poland | Portugal | Romania | Slovakia | Slovenia | Spain | Sweden | Switzerland | United Kingdom

🇦🇹 Austria

What are the rules for entry? To enter Austria one must carry proof of vaccination, recovery or  a negative PCR test. The test may either be a molecular biological test which must have been taken within 72 hours or an antigen test, which must have been taken within 24 hours. 

Travelers who cannot provide either document — vaccination, recovery certificate or a negative test — must fill out the pre-travel clearance and go into a 10-day quarantine, which can be terminated after day five by a negative PCR test result.

What paperwork is required? A pre-travel clearance form must be filled out if you are not vaccinated, nor recovered or tested negative.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes. The same rules as those listed above apply to non-EU citizens.

What can I do when I get there? From February 19, unvaccinated people will be able to attend most activities again with a negative test. From March 5, the hospitality sector will no longer have to shut its doors after midnight and events can take place without restrictions. A COVID certificate will also no longer be required as proof of vaccination or recovery.

More info: Here.

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🇧🇪 Belgium

What are the rules for entry? If you’re fully vaccinated, you can travel freely from countries within the EU. Fully vaccinated means two weeks have passed since your last shot. Belgium accepts all vaccines approved by the EMA, as well as Covishield.

What paperwork is required? If you were abroad for more than 48 hours, you have to fill in the passenger locator form within six months before your arrival in Belgium, even if you are fully vaccinated.

Can I visit from outside the EU? It depends on your country's color code and your vaccination status. If you are traveling from a green or orange area, you don’t have to do a test or quarantine. If you’re traveling from a red area inside the EU, you need to get tested upon arrival if you’re not fully vaccinated. If you’re staying in Brussels and are not fully vaccinated, you can only leave quarantine once the result of your second test is known.

If you’re traveling from a red area outside the EU, you can only travel to Belgium if you’re an EU citizen or if you’re fully vaccinated. You need to get tested upon arrival. If you’re not fully vaccinated, you need to get tested on day 1 and 7 upon return and stay in quarantine until the result of the second test is known.

What can I do when I get there? Bars and restaurants no longer have opening-hours limitations. Entertainment venues like nightclubs have also been allowed to reopen. Teleworking is no longer mandatory.

More info: Here.

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🇧🇬 Bulgaria

What are the rules for entry? Bulgaria classifies countries based on the spread of COVID-19 and groups them in color areas. Entry requirements depend on the color of the country of departure. Sofia has introduced a new ‘dark red’ zone, subject to stricter entry requirements.

Under the new rules, travelers from dark red countries need to have a negative PCR test taken in the 72 hours prior to arrival and an EU Digital COVID Certificate, or equivalent documents. Some European countries are classified as dark red at the moment. However, travelers who present a covid certificate with a booster dose don’t need to have the PCR test.

Travelers coming from green, orange and red countries can generally enter without further restrictions (such as 10-day quarantine) if they have an EU Digital COVID Certificate, or equivalent documents, showing proof of full vaccination, recovery from COVID in the six months before arrival or a negative COVID test (PCR test results can’t be older than 72 hours; antigen test results no older than 48 hours). Approved vaccines include Sinopharm and Sputnik V.

What paperwork is required? EU Digital COVID Certificate, or equivalent documents; and a negative PCR test.

Can I visit from outside the EU?  Travelers coming from green, orange and red countries can generally enter without further restrictions (such as 10-day quarantine) if they have an EU Digital COVID Certificate, or equivalent documents, showing proof of full vaccination, recovery from COVID in the six months before arrival or a negative COVID test (PCR test results can’t be older than 72 hours; antigen test results no older than 48 hours). Travelers from dark red countries need to have a negative PCR test taken in the 72 hours prior to arrival and an EU Digital COVID Certificate, or equivalent documents. However, travelers who present a covid certificate with a booster dose don’t need to have the PCR test.

What can I do when I get there? Like other European countries, Bulgaria has introduced some restrictions. In general, an EU COVID certificate or equivalent document is required in many situations, including visits to museums, cinemas and theaters. It’s the same for restaurants, bars and other catering establishments. The use of the certificate is expected to be phased out by the end of March; it would still be needed to use public transport.

The use of face masks is mandatory in indoor public areas — including public transport, museums and churches — and crowded open spaces, when it’s not possible to keep a distance of 1.5 meters from other people. Exceptions include customers in restaurants.

More info: Here and here.

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🇭🇷 Croatia

What are the rules for entry? Individuals can travel to Croatia without restrictions if they are coming directly from an EU/European Economic Area country, irrespective of citizenship, if they have a valid EU Digital COVID Certificate. 

If you don’t have such a certificate, you can still enter with a certificate no older than 365 days showing you have received two doses of vaccine used in EU member countries or approved by the WHO. You may also enter with a certificate no older than 365 days that you have one dose of Johnson & Johnson, provided 14 days have passed since the shot. A single shot of Pfizer, Moderna or Sputnik V can also get you into the country in the period of 22 to 42 days from receiving the shot. You can enter Croatia with a single shot of AstraZeneca in the period of 22 to 84 days from receiving the shot. 

If you’ve had COVID and have received one dose of a vaccine used in EU countries, you can also visit Croatia. If you’re not vaccinated, you will need to provide a negative PCR test result no older than 72 hours or a negative antigen test result no older than 48 hours upon arrival. You can also take a test once you arrive and will need to self-isolate until the test comes back negative.

What paperwork is required? Travelers are advised to fill out a form before arriving in Croatia. 

Can I visit from outside the EU? You can enter Croatia if you are an EU/EEA citizen, a family member of an EU/EEA citizen or a long-term resident of an EU country, provided you have an EU Digital COVID Certificate, another vaccination certificate or a negative test result. 

Third-country nationals will only be granted entry to Croatia in cases of necessary travel, but tourism is a valid exception.

What can I do when I get there? Cafes, clubs and restaurants are open but subject to curfews and capacity rules. Indoor gatherings are limited to 25 people, and gatherings outdoors to 50, unless everyone has a COVID Certificate, in which case 200 people can attend an outdoor gathering. Masks are mandatory indoors, as well as outside where social distancing cannot be maintained.

More info: Here.

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🇨🇾 Cyprus

What are the rules for entry? Cyprus is following a color-coded system harmonized with the evaluation standards of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). 

From February 21, Cyprus will return to the color-coded system of countries falling into three categories: green, red and gray, based on their epidemiological situation. Under the new rules, passengers who have a valid vaccination or recovery certificate will be exempted from any requirements of their respective category. 

For the green category, every traveler older than 12 is unvaccinated or hasn’t recovered from COVID will have to have a negative PCR test taken up to 72 hours before departure or a rapid test taken in the last 24 hours. The same rule applies for everyone coming from a country in the red category, with the addition of another PCR test upon arrival. The cost of €15 at Larnaca airport and €19 at Paphos airport for each PCR test will be borne by the passenger. Only Cypriot citizens or those with a special permission are allowed to enter Cyprus from countries in the gray category, if they are not vaccinated.From February 21 until February 28, as a transitional period, all passengers arriving in Cyprus will have to undergo a PCR test.

What paperwork is required? Regardless of where you travel from, the Cyprus Flight Pass must be completed 48 hours prior to departure. Individuals traveling from gray countries need to obtain a special permit to enter Cyprus at least two days before the expected date of travel. 

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes. Travel from outside the EU is possible according to the guidelines outlined for the color-coded system Cyprus abides by.

What can I do when I get there? From February 21 all individuals, regardless of their vaccination status, will be allowed indoors in cinemas, theaters, night clubs and catering facilities. Entry for citizens and travelers 12 and older will be allowed with the so-called Safe Pass. To obtain it, you should either be fully vaccinated, have been infected with COVID-19 within the last six months, or present a negative PCR from within 72 hours or a rapid test from within 24 hours. Standing customers and dancing will also be allowed from February 21 on.

More: Here.

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🇨🇿 Czech Republic

What are the rules for entry? Passengers must take an antigen or PCR test within 48 or 72 hours of arrival, respectively (the PCR test is mandatory for nonresidents). All travelers must take a PCR test between the fifth and seventh days after arriving.

Recovery from COVID-19 no longer exempts a passenger from testing, unless they are a Czech citizen or resident. However, passengers who have had a booster are exempt from both predeparture and arrival testing, while fully vaccinated travelers are exempt from an arrival test. From February 1, a vaccine certificate is valid for nine months, while proof of a booster has no specified expiration.

What paperwork is required? Here is the passenger locator form which all new arrivals must complete.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes, following the rules for testing and/or vaccination as specified on the Czech Republic’s COVID guidance site.

What can I do when I get there? Only those who hold a vaccination certificate or proof of recovery are allowed to access hotels, restaurants and other leisure facilities. The country is ending mandatory testing for schools and companies later in February.

More info: Here.

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🇩🇰 Denmark

What are the rules for entry? Denmark lifted most of its COVID-19 restrictions on February 1. Visitors who can document that they are vaccinated or have recovered can enter from all countries without having to test or self-isolate. 

Those who are not vaccinated or previously infected should take an antigen test within 24 hours of arriving or provide proof of a negative antigen test up to 48 hours before the date of entry or no more than 72 hours before for a PCR test. Those traveling from a COVID risk country must be tested within 24 hours of arrival. Visitors from high-risk countries need to be tested within 24 hours and isolate for 10 days — this can be broken with a negative PCR test after six days.

What paperwork is required? Documentation of having been vaccinated or recovered, or being in possession of a recent negative test result, depending on the above entry requirements.

What can I do when I get there? Denmark has dropped all remaining domestic coronavirus-driven restrictions. Anyone who tests positive is advised to self-isolate if they have significant symptoms, but there is no requirement to isolate for those with mild symptoms. Close contacts don’t have to self-isolate but they are recommended to take a rapid or PCR test three days after close contact with someone who has tested positive.

What can I do when I get there? Entry to restaurants and other cultural venues requires either proof of vaccination or a recent negative coronavirus test. Denmark will drop all domestic coronavirus-driven restrictions as of February 1.

More info: Here. And here’s an interactive guide to determine which rules apply to you.

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🇪🇪 Estonia

What are the rules for entry? You can freely enter Estonia if you’ve been fully vaccinated or recovered from COVID-19 within the last six months. As of February 1, Estonia defines full vaccination as two jabs, with the last being within the past nine months, or three jabs, with the last being within the past year.

If you’re unvaccinated or haven’t been previously infected by COVID-19 and traveling from a “red” country, you’ll need to quarantine upon arrival for seven days. You can check your country’s status here.

What paperwork is required? Unvaccinated travelers entering Estonia from countries that are classified as “red” need to fill out this form up to three days before arrival. Unvaccinated travelers and people who recovered from COVID-19 from most non-EU countries also have to present a negative COVID-19 test upon arrival.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes, as long as you are vaccinated, you can travel to Estonia for whatever purpose and from whichever country. But if you’re an unvaccinated non-EU citizen, then you may only enter Estonia for essential reasons — those include work, study, or joining their family. In other words, unvaccinated non-EU citizens may not travel to Estonia for pleasure or tourism.

What can I do when I get there? If you’re vaccinated or have proof of a recent COVID-19 recovery, you can do pretty much anything. Bars, movie theaters, concert halls, museums, spas, saunas and sporting events are open to you, as long as you show proof of your vaccination or recovery along with your ID for all those 18 and over. These locations need to close by 11 p.m.

But if you’re unvaccinated, enjoying Estonia will be tougher, since you won’t be able to enter any of the above-mentioned places nor eat out at restaurants.

More info: Here.

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🇫🇮 Finland

What are the rules for entry? From February 1, there are no restrictions on entry for people traveling from Schengen countries. But if you’re traveling from elsewhere, you need to prove you’re fully vaccinated, which Finland considers you to be if you received your final dose of an approved vaccine at least seven days ago. You can also enter Finland if you’ve had COVID within the last six months and have the EU Digital COVID Certificate to prove it, or if you’ve recovered and had one dose of an accepted vaccine. In any of those scenarios, you also now need to present a negative test (PCR or antigen) taken within 48 hours before arrival, unless you’re a Finnish national or resident.

What paperwork is required? Travelers from outside Schengen or the EU would need to show a valid COVID Certificate, and a certificate of a negative COVID test. The Finnish government recommends downloading the “Finentry” app, which gives travelers information on self-isolation or testing requirements and allows them to book a test for free.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes, provided you’re vaccinated or recovered, and have tested negative. Otherwise, you have to prove you’re traveling for an “essential” reason, like doing health care, diplomatic or transport-related work, or for pressing family reasons. 

What can I do when I get there? Finland operates a COVID-19 passport, although it’s up to individual establishments like bars and restaurants if they want to require them for entry. From December 28, restaurants have had to close a 6 p.m., while bars are also operating on limited hours. These restrictions are expected to be eased on Feburary 14, when restaurants will be able to serve alcohol until 11 p.m, and stay open until midnight. Limits on the number of people that can attend cultural or sporting events should also be removed then.

More info: Here. Finland lists entry restrictions by country here.

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🇫🇷 France

What are the rules of entry? Fully vaccinated travelers from the European Union and third countries do not have to take a predeparture test, while unvaccinated travelers are still required to.

Unvaccinated travelers coming from a green-list country must show a negative result of a PCR test (of less than 72 hours) or an antigen test (of less than 48 hours) before departure, or a certificate of recovery from COVID-19. Unvaccinated European travelers are subject to these same testing requirements.

Countries on the green list include: EU member countries, Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland and the Holy See, as well as Cambodia, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, among others (full list here).

Unvaccinated travelers coming from an orange-list country must have a “compelling reason” to enter the country and show a negative result of a PCR test (of less than 72 hours) or an antigen test (of less than 48 hours) before departure, or a certificate of recovery from COVID-19. Upon entry into the country, you may be screened and have to self-isolate for seven days.Countries on the orange list include the U.K., the U.S., Canada, Russia, Australia, among others (full list here).

What paperwork is required? To enter, you will have to show a proof of vaccination or of a negative test for the cases described above. You’re considered fully vaccinated if it’s been one week after the second jab for two-shot vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca); one month after your single-shot vaccine (Johnson & Johnson); one week after your first shot for people who have already had COVID-19; and one week after a booster shot. France only accepts EMA-recognized vaccines.

On top of that, if you are not vaccinated, you will need to show a sworn declaration stating you don’t have symptoms of a COVID-19 infection and that you haven’t been in contact with a person who tested positive for COVID-19 in the last 14 days.

EU travelers entering France are also required to fill in the EU-PLF form, while people arriving from an orange-list country will have to fill in the éOS-Passenger Form.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes, if you have a “compelling reason” or come from a green-list country (like Argentina, Japan or Australia; full list here) and abide by the rules listed above.

What can I do when I get there? There aren’t any lockdowns in place in France, but you will need to show a valid COVID-19 pass containing a proof of vaccination, a proof of recovery from COVID-19 no older than 6 months or an official certificate of contraindication to vaccination to go to restaurants, bars, cinemas, museums, theaters and sports events (full list here). This rule applies to people aged 16 and older. If you’re not a European national, here is how to apply for such a pass.

Since January 15, all people over 18 who were vaccinated with a two-shot vaccine have to prove they got a booster shot no later than seven months after their last injection or infection, for their COVID-19 pass to be extended.PCR and antigen tests cost between €22 and €45 in France, while the price of autotests is capped at €5,20 in pharmacies.

More info: Here.

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🇩🇪 Germany

What are the rules for entry? Anyone aged 12 or older must present either proof of vaccination or recovery, or a negative test. Arrivals from “areas of variant of concern” (list here) must present a negative test before departure even if they’re vaccinated. To be valid for entry, a PCR test result must be no older than 72 hours and an antigen result no older than 48 hours. After staying in an area of variant of concern, the antigen result can be no older than 24 hours. 

What paperwork is required? All people arriving from high-risk or variant of concern areas (list here) must fill out an entry form, available here.

Can I visit from outside the EU? In principle, people can freely enter Germany from Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, and a list of other countries determined by the EU, and fully vaccinated people from all other countries may enter (minus variant-of-concern areas). Travelers having stayed in a high-risk country for 14 days in the last 10 days must self-isolate for 10 days. As of January 28, the following countries are newly designated as high-risk: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, the French overseas territory of New Caledonia, Guatemala, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Cuba, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Singapore and Ukraine.

What can I do when I get there? The so-called 2G rule (entry only for vaccinated and recovered people) applies in nonessential shops, cultural venues like theaters or cinemas, as well as at restaurants and large events. From December 28, clubs and discos are closed, and private gatherings are limited to 10 people. Major sporting events will be held at empty stadiums. Some of Germany’s 16 federal states request a negative test in addition to a vaccination or recovery certificate and may require a negative test or certificate to use public transport — here’s a list of links to the local rules in different states. Masks are mandatory in closed spaces such as public transport; some states mandate the wearing of FFP2 masks, while others allow either FFP2 or surgical masks. In some states, additional restrictions for unvaccinated people apply.

More info: Here.

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🇬🇷 Greece

What are the rules for entry? Everyone traveling to Greece with a European digital vaccination certificate is not obliged to show an extra negative test upon arrival at least until February 21. Travelers from Australia, Canada and the United States are also permitted to enter Greece with their vaccination or recovery pass. Travelers who are not vaccinated and those from all other countries must have a negative PCR test, taken no longer than 72 hours before or a negative rapid test taken 24 hours before. The rule applies to everyone above the age of 5. Random testing by Greek authorities also takes place at the airport.

Greece recognizes all vaccines authorized by the EMA or WHO, as well as Sputnik V, CanSino, Sinopharm and Sinovac vaccines.

What paperwork is required? All travelers need to fill out a passenger locator form no later than 11:59 p.m. of the day before arriving in Greece. One PLF should be submitted per family. Random testing is also carried out by Greek authorities. 

Can I visit from outside the EU? The same rules apply for most non-EU countries. For passengers entering Greece from land borders, there is a limit of 1,500 passengers per week. Maritime connections with Turkey are restricted.

What can I do when I get there? From February 19 all entertainment venues, bars and restaurants resume their normal operation with dancing and standing customers allowed. Those without a vaccine certificate are barred from indoor venues such as bars, restaurants, cafes cinemas, theaters, retails stores and gyms. From February 7, the vaccination certificate for accessing indoor places in Greece are not be valid seven months after its issuance for all adults, unless they have a booster shot. This rule is already in place for those over 60 years old since mid-December. The recovery certificate is only valid for three months. Everyone needs to show a vaccination certificate and an ID to enter indoor places, but issues have been reported with vaccination certificates issued outside the EU, as the Greek digital system does not recognize them. Unvaccinated people are only able to enter certain essential indoor stores, such as pharmacies and supermarkets.

Find out more: Here.

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🇭🇺 Hungary

What are the rules for entry? There are no restrictions or requirements for entry by road or rail from Austria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine. When traveling by air, individuals need to provide proof of vaccination, recovery from COVID within the past six months or a negative PCR test. 

What paperwork is required? A digital COVID certificate is accepted. 

Can I visit from outside the EU? Hungary has a range of bilateral arrangements with countries outside the EU. 

What can I do when I get there? There are no lockdowns.

More info: Here.

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🇮🇸 Iceland

What are the rules for entry? If you’re vaccinated, you need to present a negative PCR or rapid antigen test taken no more than 72 hours before departure. Self-tests don’t count. Fully vaccinated means 14 days have passed since you got your second jab or since your Johnson & Johnson shot. Iceland accepts vaccines authorized by the EMA or the WHO. Vaccine certificates are valid for nine months. Once you’ve received a booster, the certificate is valid indefinitely.

If you’ve had COVID, you need a certificate proving a positive PCR test that is older than seven but less than 180 days or a certificate proving you have antibodies. You cannot enter Iceland if you were diagnosed less than seven days ago, whether vaccinated or not.

If you’re neither of the above, you’ll need to show proof of a negative PCR test result no older than 72 hours. You’ll also have to quarantine for five days upon arrival and take another test at the end of your self-isolation period. You can quarantine at home as long as the accommodation fulfils certain conditions.

Can I visit from outside the EU? If you’re coming from outside the EU and if you’re fully vaccinated, you’re allowed to enter the country, provided you have a PCR test no older than 72 hours before boarding. Unvaccinated third-country nationals who haven’t had Covid-19 are banned from entering Iceland bar for essential travel. You might be exempt from these restrictions if you’re traveling from a country approved by Iceland, or if you are, for example, visiting a relative residing in Iceland.

What paperwork is required? Everyone entering Iceland has to pre-register. 

What can I do when I get there? Iceland will lift remaining domestic coronavirus restrictions from Friday, February 25.

More info: Here.

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🇮🇪 Ireland

What are the rules for entry? People who are fully vaccinated or who can prove they recovered from COVID in the previous six months can enter Ireland without showing a negative test result. Those who are neither vaccinated nor can show proof of recovery must show a negative PCR test result, taken within the 72 hours before arriving, in order to enter the country. People may demonstrate their vaccination or recovery status using the EU Digital COVID Certificate or a recognized equivalent. There is no need to quarantine.

In line with a proposal from the European Commission, starting February 1 being vaccinated will only count if you have received your first shots within the 270 days prior to travel. If not, a booster will be needed to count as vaccinated.

If you are entering the Republic of Ireland from Northern Ireland there is no need to show proof of anything, be it vaccination, recovery or a test result.

What paperwork is required? Everyone must complete a passenger locator form — except if you have spent the previous 14 days in Northern Ireland and are arriving from there.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes. There are no countries on Ireland’s special list of “scheduled states.”

What can I do when I get there? Restaurants and bars close at 8 p.m and nightclubs are shut. The government says a maximum of four different households should meet at someone’s house and that people should limit their contacts. Ireland is requiring people to show proof of vaccination or recovery to enter many parts of society, from cinemas and theaters to restaurants and hotel bars. No indoor events are allowed after 8 p.m. and they must operate at 50 percent capacity during the day. The government says everyone should work from home unless it’s strictly necessary to physically attend the workplace. In restaurants and bars, a maximum of six adults may sit at a table, and masks must be worn when not eating or drinking.

What can I do when I get there? As of January 22, the Irish government has significantly relaxed the measures that were in place. Now pubs and restaurants can operate normal opening times, and no longer have to shut at 8 p.m. Nightclubs can reopen, and you do not need to prove vaccination or recovery to enter hospitality venues. There are no more limits on people’s social contacts at home, or limits on the number of people that can attend events in or out of doors. Ireland is starting a gradual return to the office which it terms a “phased return.” However, some measures will remain until reviewed on February 28: They include wearing masks on public transport and in shops, and a requirement to self-isolate if you have COVID-like symptoms.

More: Here.

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🇮🇹 Italy

What are the rules for entry? Travelers from EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, Andorra and Monaco can enter Italy with a COVID-19 vaccine passport, including proof of vaccination, of having recovered from the coronavirus or a negative coronavirus test (antigen or molecular). Absent these conditions, a mandatory five-day quarantine will apply, and a negative test at the end of it is required.

What paperwork is required? All travelers need to fill in a passenger locator form.

Can I visit from outside the EU? As of March 1st, arrivals from all other countries will follow the same rules as EU travelers. Until then, Travelers from Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Indonesia, Japan, Kuwait, Israel, New Zealand, Peru, Qatar, Rwanda, the U.K., UAE, South Korea, Singapore, the U.S., Ukraine, Uruguay, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao must show a negative test result carried out 72 hours or an antigen test carried out 24 hours prior to arrival in Italy (for entry from the U.K., the molecular rest results must be no older than 48 hours), and present proof of full vaccination. Failing that, a mandatory five-day quarantine will apply, and a negative test (molecular or antigen) at the end of it is required. Travelers from Canada, Japan and the U.S. can enter Italy with proof of having recovered from the virus.

Travelers from anywhere else are allowed in Italy “exclusively for work, study, health or other absolutely essential reasons and to Italian/EU/Schengen citizens and family members, as well as holders of long-term resident status and family members … and partners in a proven stable emotional relationship (regardless of whether or not they cohabit) with Italian/EU/Schengen citizens or long-term residents, if traveling to their partner's home or place of residence in Italy and to athletes participating in sports competitions of national interest and accompanying personnel.”

What can I do when I get there? Proof of vaccination or of having recovered from the virus will be required to access public transport, bars, restaurants, hotels, gyms, nightclubs, ski lifts and stadiums — a negative test alone is no longer accepted.

More info: Here.

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🇱🇻 Latvia

What are the rules for entry? A passenger locator form is required for all travelers. Latvia restricts entry based on a traveler's country of origin and on their vaccination status. The EU's COVID pass and recognized third-country certificates showing proof of vaccination, recovery or testing are accepted.

Nonessential travel is allowed for the fully vaccinated or those who have recovered from COVID, without the need for testing or quarantine, unless a traveler is coming from a country of "very high risk." In that case, nonessential travel is not allowed and incoming travelers must test before arriving and on arrival, as well as self-isolate. Latvia provides an acceptable list of reasons for travel for people coming from the EU, EEA, U.K. or Switzerland.

For those who are unvaccinated or have not yet had COVID, entry is allowed contingent on a combination of testing and self-isolation, depending on a country's risk level. A PCR test within 72 hours of boarding or an antigen test within 48 hours of boarding are accepted. Exemptions for testing may be found on Latvia's guidance site. Unvaccinated diplomats who test negative are exempt from the 10-day isolation requirement, as are those traveling to attend a funeral or for child or relative care, employment, education or to receive health care.

As of December 2, free PCR tests are available to travelers at Riga International Airport.

Information on countries' risk levels may be found here.

What paperwork is required? A registration form to be completed prior to travel is available here.  Proof of vaccination can be filed here.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes, so long as you meet vaccination or recovery requirements, or fulfill testing and quarantine requirements, depending on your country's level of risk. The exception is for travelers from very-high-risk countries (excluding the EU, EEA, U.K. and Switzerland, depending on the purpose of travel), for whom nonessential travel is barred unless certain exemptions apply.

What can I do when I get there? From January 25, a medical mask or unvalved respirator (FPP2-FFP3) must be used in the workplace, shops, public transport and other public places. Medical masks or respirators should be used by vaccinated or recovered persons as well. In educational institutions staff and pupils may continue using previously centrally distributed non-medical (fabric) face masks with a high degree of protection. Children between the ages of 7 and 12 may continue using a non-medical (fabric) mask in other places as well.

If you do not have a certificate proving recovery from COVID-19 or full vaccination, you will not be allowed to attend cultural events or eat in restaurants, either in or outdoors. Only grocery stores, pharmacies, opticians, pet stores, fuel stations and similar essential venues are open to the unvaccinated. Where access to a venue is limited to the vaccinated or the recovered, proof of this is required at the point of sale. 

The unvaccinated or those who haven’t recovered will also only be allowed to visit churches for 15 minutes maximum, when no services are in progress. Certificate holders will be required to keep masks on and sit two seats away from others at cultural sites and events. Services such as taxi driving, banking or repairs can only be provided by certificate-holders. Shopping centers must separate certificate holders from others.

Masks must also be worn outdoors for everyone over 6 years old, except for sporting activities, or when a person is alone or with household members in the mountains or at the beach.

More info: Here. Latvia’s state of emergency has been extended to February 28. Additional measures regarding the length of validity of COVID certificates, and rules for preschool-age children and unvaccinated students 12 and up, can be found here.

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🇱🇹 Lithuania

What are the rules for entry? Lithuania on February 15 lifted its COVID-19 travel restrictions on the EU/EEA as well as as on Israel, the U.S., the UAE, New Zealand, Georgia, Taiwan and Ukraine — travelers from these countries will no longer be required to provide a vaccine certificate, documentation of recovery or a negative COVID-19 test on arrival.

What paperwork is required? You’ll need a certificate proving your vaccination or COVID recovery status. Whether you’re transiting through or arriving in the country, you’ll also have to fill out a passenger questionnaire no earlier than 48 hours before the trip.

Can I visit from outside the EU? ​From March 31, visitors from other countries will still be required to present a vaccine certificate, proof of recovery or a negative COVID-19 test, but they will not need to undergo additional testing or self-isolate. Furthermore, those immunized by Nuvaxovid (Novavax) and Covishield (AstraZeneca) vaccines can already enter the country.

What can I do when I get there? According to Lithuania’s national tourism agency, hotels, spas, restaurants and other such tourist attractions remain open for people who are vaccinated or who have recovered from COVID, or who have taken a paid PCR or antigen test which is valid for 48 hours.

More info: Here.

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🇱🇺 Luxembourg

What are the rules for entry? Fully vaccinated travelers from the EU, the Schengen area, San Marino, Andorra, Monaco and the Vatican can travel to Luxembourg without restrictions. Fully vaccinated means you’ve been given a final dose of AstraZeneca, BioNTech/Pfizer or Moderna, or two weeks have passed since your single Johnson & Johnson shot. If you recovered from the coronavirus and got a single shot of a vaccine within the previous 180 days, you’ll also be considered fully vaccinated after a 14-day wait. If you can prove you recovered from the coronavirus in the six months prior to your trip, you can also travel without restrictions.

If you’re not vaccinated or did not have COVID in the past six months, you can still travel with a certificate of a PCR test carried out in the 72 hours before your flight, or a rapid antigen test taken within 48 hours.

What paperwork is required? Vaccination certificate or recovery certificate. Travelers can show an EU Digital COVID Certificate at the border and in public places requiring vaccination, recovery or a negative test. 

Can I visit from outside the EU? Third-country nationals are banned from traveling to Luxembourg until the end of 2021, unless the country of origin is on the approved travel list, the travel is considered essential or the traveler is fully vaccinated. 

Until January 14, 2022, additional sanitary measures are applicable to all travel from African countries including Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Travelers who stayed in those countries 14 days prior to their arrival in the Grand Duchy need to take a COVID test when they land in Luxembourg, stay in quarantine for seven days and take another test on the sixth day. This does not apply to passengers in transit. 

What can I do when I get there? Restaurants, bars, cafés, cinemas and theaters are open  until 11 p.m. and welcome people who are either vaccinated, have recovered from COVID or can show a negative test. Indoor and outdoor gatherings are allowed, with different sanitary rules depending on their size (masks, social distancing, covid pass system). Outdoor ones cannot exceed 200 people unless they are subjected to a health protocol accepted in advance by the Health Directorate. You’ll have to wear a mask in shops and supermarkets, public transport and for any gathering of more than 10 people.

More info: Here.

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🇲🇹 Malta

What are the rules for entry? If you are coming from a “red zone” country — which includes the rest of the EU — you’ll need to fill out a Public Health Travel Declaration and passenger locator form. You can travel with a certificate proving you’re fully vaccinated, meaning two weeks have passed since your final shot, you’ve had your “primary” round of jabs in the past months months or a booster in the past nine months. Children over 12 need only the primary round.

Malta recognizes BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson; a certificate with two different, recognized shots is also accepted. Maltese authorities will accept recognized vaccine certificates showing recovery from COVID, plus one dose of an approved vaccine, as per the vaccination policy of the issuing country. If you don’t have a valid vaccination certificate and are coming from a red-zone country, you’ll need a negative PCR test taken within 72 hours before your arrival to Malta and have to quarantine for 14 days in a hotel recognized by authorities, at a cost of €100 per night, per room. Any PCR test carried out by public health authorities carries a €120 fee.

What paperwork is required? Visitors must complete a Public Health Travel Declaration and passenger locator form. 

Can I visit from outside the EU? The above rules apply for non-EU red zone countries. Travelers can only come from “dark red zone” countries (the lists are here) in “exceptional circumstances” and special authorization is required. You can apply here. You will need a negative PCR test and to quarantine for 14 days at your expense. Despite the near global spread of the Omicron variant, Malta has kept a ban on the countries where it was first detected — South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Botswana, Eswatini and Zimbabwe — since November 28.

What can I do when I get there? You’ll need to show a vaccination certificate if you want to enter restaurants, snack bars, bars and clubs. Wear a mask at all times in these venues unless eating or drinking. More rules on going out are here. If you develop symptoms, the government asks that you stay in your hotel or otherwise away from people and call Malta’s COVID-19 public health helpline on +35 621324086 or book a test online at covidtest.gov.mt. The government will advise you on what to do when you get your test result. More info here.

More info: Here.

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🇳🇱 Netherlands

What are the rules for entry? If you are traveling from a country that is deemed safe (low-risk), you only have to fill in a health declaration before boarding. The Dutch government advises people to take a test after arrival. If you are traveling from a high-risk country, you will have to show proof of vaccination, recovery or negative test result upon arrival. Unvaccinated travelers or those who are double-jabbed but not had a booster vaccine are required by law to self-quarantine for 10. People who have gotten a booster jab do not have to go into quarantine. For those traveling from an EU/Schengen country, a PCR test no older than 48 hours before departure, or an antigen test no older than 24 hours before departure are acceptable. 

From February 25, visitors from the EU/EEA can travel freely to the Netherlands with proof of vaccination, recovery or a negative test result — they will no longer be required to quarantine.

What paperwork is required? If you are traveling by air, you must fill in a health declaration before boarding. 

Coming from outside the EU? Currently the Netherlands enforces an EU entry ban for visitors from outside the EU/Schengen area, coming from high-risk countries or where there is a variant of concern. For visitors traveling from countries exempt from the ban, you will have to show proof of vaccination and a negative test result issued no more than 24 hours before departure. If you are traveling from a high-risk area outside the EU, you are required to show a negative test result even though you carry a proof of vaccination or a Digital COVID Certificate. Unvaccinated travelers or those who are double-jabbed but haven't had a booster vaccine are required to self-quarantine for 10 days. People who have gotten a booster jab do not have to go into quarantine.

What can I do when I get there? The Dutch government has announced that it will lift all COVID-19 restrictions starting on February 25. All public venues — including cinemas, restaurants and bars — will be able to resume normal operations at full capacity for the first time in almost two years. Face coverings and social distancing will no longer be mandatory in most places but will still be required on public transport and at airports.

More info: Here.

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🇳🇴 Norway

What are the rules for entry? Norway has lifted restrictions applying to visitors, with the same rules applying as those that applied before the coronavirus pandemic.Visitors to the offshore archipelago of Svalbard are still required to provide a negative test. 

What paperwork is required? None.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes.

What can I do when I get there? Norway dropped most coronavirus restrictions on February 12, including social distancing, mask-wearing and isolation — those testing positive for COVID-19 are advised to stay at home for four days.

More info: Here.

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🇵🇱 Poland

What are the rules for entry? Travelers from the EU, Schengen Area or Turkey who have been fully vaccinated, recovered from COVID-19 in the last six months or have a negative COVID-19 test result, performed within 48 hours before arrival, don’t have to go into quarantine. This can be proved with the EU COVID passport or other official certificates in Polish or English. Those who don’t have such proof will have to go into a seven-day quarantine upon entry. You can be exempted from the quarantine if you undergo a test 48 hours after crossing the border and if you receive a negative result (the only accepted tests are PCR or antigen performed by a laboratory; travelers will have to pay for those).

What paperwork is required? Any person who crosses the Polish border by plane is obliged to fill in, prior to check-in, a passenger locator form, either electronically on paper using the form provided by the airline staff.

Can I visit from outside the EU? People traveling from outside the Schengen area must show a negative COVID-19 test result, even if they’re vaccinated or have contracted the illness before. The test has to be performed 24 hours prior to arrival maximum. Those who have a negative test result and are vaccinated or recovered, won’t have to go into the quarantine. The others are asked to do a seven-day quarantine. 

What can I do when I get there? Poland will drop almost all coronavirus restrictions from March 1. There will be no limit on the number of customers in shops, and cultural and entertainment venues will reopen.

More info: Here.

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🇵🇹 Portugal

What are the rules for entry? Travelers with an EU Digital COVID Certificate can travel to Portugal 14 days after completing their full vaccination course. Vaccinated travelers are no longer required to present a negative test result.

Portugal only accepts vaccines authorized by the EMA (BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson). 

Travelers can present an EU Digital Green Certificate with a certificate of recovery, which is considered to be valid 11 days after the traveler’s first positive test, and up to six months after that date. 

Valid recovery certificates will be accepted from Albania, Andorra, Switzerland, Faroe Islands, Israel, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Morocco, Monaco, North Macedonia, Norway, Panama, San Marino, Turkey, United Kingdom, Ukraine and the Vatican.

Travelers who aren’t fully vaccinated must present a negative RT-PCR Test (or similar NAAT test) taken at most 72 hours prior to boarding, or a rapid antigen test taken up to 48 hours before boarding their flight. A negative test will also be required of all persons seeking to enter Portugal via a land, sea or river border.

What paperwork is required? All travelers need to fill out a passenger locator form.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Travelers from countries on the EU’s green list must present a negative PCR test performed within 72 hours prior to their arrival, or a rapid antigen test performed 48 hours before boarding their flight. 

What can I do when I get there? The Portuguese government has declared a state of calamity throughout the country between December 1 and March 20. However, the country announced February 17 that it is moving to scrap many domestic restrictions, including requiring COVID passes to access events, sports venues and night clubs, and ending mandatory isolation following a close contact. Restrictions will continue to be lifted over the next five weeks up to late March.

More info: Here.

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🇷🇴 Romania

What are the rules for entry? Travelers coming from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia Malawi, Mozambique, Lesotho, Eswatini and Botswana must quarantine for 14 days and take a PCR test upon arrival, with a second test on the eighth day. Quarantine is also required for countries in the yellow or red zone. Otherwise, an EU- or Romania-issued Digital Green Certificate, or a recognized equivalent, or a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention card showing a full suite of injections, exempts holders from quarantine. While a negative pre-travel test is not required by the government, it can shorten quarantine to 10 days — and some airlines do require one before boarding. If your stay in Romania is less than 72 hours, quarantine is not required upon presentation of a negative test. 

What paperwork is required? Fill out a declaration form here.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes, but depending on the country risk level, quarantine may be required for those without proof of vaccination recovery from COVID-19.

What can I do when I get there? Masks are mandatory indoors, and entry to shops, malls, restaurants and closed public spaces requires proof of a negative test or proof of vaccination. Visitors can also make use of accommodation facilities with a negative test. Romania is taking a gradual approach to reopening. The first restriction to drop would be wearing masks outdoors, followed by further loosening. The goal is to drop remaining restrictions before Easter. 

More info: Here.

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🇸🇰 Slovakia

What are the rules for entry? Vaccinated travelers do not have to quarantine if they can produce either an EU Green Pass or a vaccination certificate issued by their home country, which must have “a seal of the respective national authority or shall be verifiable electronically and it must also be in English.”

All unvaccinated travelers must go into self-isolation, which they can exit upon the 10th day if they are asymptomatic. Quarantine exemptions apply to those who cannot get vaccinated due to medical reasons and certain groups (listed here, on page 4), some of which should provide a negative PCR test instead.

Rules for high-risk Omicron areas: All travelers arriving from countries deemed at high-risk for the Omicron variant must quarantine without exception, even if they have been vaccinated or have had COVID before. The list of countries includes South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Israel, Hong Kong and others (listed here, on page 2).

What paperwork is required? All travelers, regardless of their vaccination status, must register here no later than upon entry in Slovak territory, as well as fill in a passenger locator form. All travelers must be able to produce proof of their registration if and when requested to do so.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Travelers from certain countries, regardless of their vaccination status, must also undergo a PCR test no older than 72 hours, unless they are coming from a list of exempted countries (full list can be found here, page 3, highlighted in green). Children under 12 years old are exempted from the PCR requirement.

What can I do when I get there? After imposing a 90-day lockdown and curfew to curb rising cases last November, Slovakia began to reopen nonessential business but has introduced capacity limits, and mask-wearing remains mandatory indoors in all public places, as well as public transport. Restaurants and bars are operating under a so-called V-R mode, meaning only vaccinated or recovered people can be admitted. Here are more details on current rules for public places.

More info: Here is more information about the rules during the state of emergency. Here is more information about the general rules from traveling into Slovakia, which include information about potential exemptions

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🇸🇮 Slovenia

What are the rules for entry? You may enter if you can prove that you have recovered from COVID-19 no more than 180 days ago, or have a valid vaccination certificate or a negative PCR test no older than 48 hours. Meanwhile, a negative rapid antigen test must not be older than 24 hours. From February 1, vaccination and recovery certificates will be valid only if they are not older than 270 days for all persons 18 and older. Also from that date, vaccination certificates issued after a booster dose will only be considered proof of vaccination if the vaccine in question was not either Vaxzevria by AstraZeneca or Covishield by Serum Institute of India/AstraZeneca.

What paperwork is required? A vaccination certificate is valid if it shows that the person entering the country has received the second dose of a coronavirus vaccine produced by Biontech/Pfizer, Moderna, Russia’s Gamaleya National Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Sinovac Biotech, Sinopharm, AstraZeneca or the Serum Institute of India, or a combination of two previously listed vaccines. One shot of the vaccine produced by Johnson & Johnson is also accepted. 

Can I visit from outside the EU? You can still enter the country — including for nonessential travel — from outside the EU, provided you come from one of the countries on a list the government updates on a regular basis. The stricter entry and quarantine conditions that applied to arrivals from some southern African countries due to the Omicron variant were lifted on January 10, and the list of these risk countries is no longer in place.

What can I do when I get there? Bars and restaurants are open, but before entering the premises you have to prove that you are either vaccinated, have tested negative or have recovered from a coronavirus infection. The organization of public cultural or sporting events in open public spaces is not permitted, but it is permitted in enclosed public spaces with fixed seating. In those cases, every other seat must be left vacant, the use of face masks is mandatory, and all participants must have been tested, vaccinated or recovered.

More info: Here.

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🇪🇸 Spain

What are the rules for entry? Travelers with an EU Digital Green Certificate can travel to Spain from an at-risk EU/EEA country 14 days after completing their full vaccination course. Spain accepts all vaccines authorized by the EMA and the WHO. Those include BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson vaccines, as well as China’s Sinopharm and Sinovac vaccines.

Travelers who have recovered from COVID can present an EU Digital Green Certificate with a certificate of recovery, which is considered to be valid 11 days after the traveler’s first positive test, and up to six months after that date.

Travelers who aren’t fully vaccinated must present a negative PCR test performed up to 72 hours before their flight, or an antigen test performed within 48 hours prior to their arrival in Spain. People arriving from EU/EEA and third countries not on a list of at-risk countries can enter Spain without showing any proof of vaccination or testing. 

What paperwork is required? All travelers arriving by air or sea are required to fill out passenger locator forms and will have their temperature taken upon arrival. Spikes in coronavirus infections have led to additional restrictions being imposed at a regional level.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Travelers must present a vaccination certificate, which is considered valid 14 days after the completion of their full vaccination course. The certificates must be in Spanish, English, French, or German, or otherwise translated into Spanish by an official body. Travelers coming from a high-risk country must present a negative COVID test regardless of their vaccination status.

What can I do when I get there? COVID-related restrictions are being decided at the regional level in Spain, which means rules differ between territories. The regions of Aragón, the Balearic Islands, the Basque Country, Catalonia, Galicia, Murcia, Navarre and Valencia require EU Digital Green Certificates (or their equivalents) to access bars, restaurants, cultural venues and hotels. Several regions, among them Madrid, have rejected requiring the passes; others are still analyzing the issue. At a nationwide level, masks must be worn in closed spaces, on all public transport, and at outdoor events where safe distance cannot be maintained.

More info: Here.

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🇸🇪 Sweden

What are the rules for entry? Sweden has lifted an entry ban on travelers to Sweden from countries in the EU/EEA plus Switzerland, regardless of their nationality. The ban remains in force for visitors from outside the EU/EEA, who are required to provide proof of vaccination or recovery, or a negative test to gain entry.

What paperwork is required? Entry regulations have reverted to normal for visitors from the EU/EEA, meaning only a valid travel document is required and, where applicable, a Schengen visa.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Sweden will continue to ban nonessential travel from most countries outside the European Union until the end of March 2022. Exemptions are available to those who can provide proof of vaccination or recovery, in the form of a COVID certificate, or a negative test result that is less than 72 hours old.

What can I do when I get there? There is no longer any requirement to present a COVID certificate to enter public events, bars, restaurants, shopping centers or public transport. It is expected that remaining restrictions will be lifted on April 1 if there is no increase in infections and hospitalizations.

More info: Here.

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🇨🇭 Switzerland and Liechtenstein

What are the rules for entry? Visitors are no longer required to show proof of vaccination or recovery, or a negative test result.

What paperwork is required? Visitors from the EU/EEA are no longer required to fill in a passenger locator form. 

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes. Visitors from third countries can check their status, the paperwork they need to complete and whether then need to quarantine here.

What can I do when I get there? From February 17, Switzerland has ended its indoor mask mandate; the requirement to show a COVID certificate to enter cinemas, theaters, restaurants and events; the requirement for a permit to hold large events; limits on private gatherings; and the recommendation to work at home. People will be required until March 31 to isolate if they test positive for COVID, and must wear a facemask in public transport or when they are visiting hospitals or care homes.

More info: Here.

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🇬🇧 United Kingdom

What are the rules for entry? Fully vaccinated travelers no longer need to take a test on arrival. Predeparture test requirements for fully vaccinated passengers had already been dropped.

Unvaccinated travelers entering the U.K. must have a negative predeparture test (PCR or antigen) taken in the two days before their travel, and they must take a PCR test on the second day after arrival. They do not need to quarantine unless their PCR test is positive.

What paperwork is required? All passengers are required to fill a passenger locator form in the 48 hours prior to their arrival in the U.K.

Can I visit from outside the EU? Yes, so long as you follow guidelines depending on your vaccination status. 

What can I do when I get there? Rules differ among the four U.K. nations. England has dropped remaining coronavirus restrictions; Scotland is poised to follow from March 21. Additional information on domestic restrictions for all four U.K. nations can be found here. 

More info: Here’s the guidance for entry in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

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Sarah Anne Aarup, Lili Bayer, Leonie Cater, Mari Eccles, Cristina Gallardo, Laurenz Gehrke, Louise Guillot, America Hernandez, Aitor Hernández-Morales, Laura Kayali, Leonie Kijewski, Lukas Kotkamp, Pietro Lombardi, Karl Mathiesen, Barbara Moens, Annette Nöstlinger, Joshua Posaner, Bjarke Smith-Meyer, Thibault Spirlet, Merlin Sugue, Paola Tamma, Zosia Wanat, Eddy Wax, Zia Weise and Antonia Zimmermann contributed reporting.