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The Big Fat Surprise: Why Butter, Meat and Cheese Belong in a Healthy Diet Hardcover – May 13, 2014


A New York Times bestseller
Named one of
The Economist’s Books of the Year 2014
Named one of
The Wall Street Journal’s Top Ten Best Nonfiction Books of 2014
Kirkus Reviews Best Nonfiction Books of 2014
Forbes’s Most Memorable Healthcare Book of 2014
Named a Best Food Book of 2014 by
Mother Jones
Named one of
Library Journal's Best Books of 2014

In
The Big Fat Surprise, investigative journalist Nina Teicholz reveals the unthinkable: that everything we thought we knew about dietary fat is wrong. She documents how the low-fat nutrition advice of the past sixty years has amounted to a vast uncontrolled experiment on the entire population, with disastrous consequences for our health.

For decades, we have been told that the best possible diet involves cutting back on fat, especially saturated fat, and that if we are not getting healthier or thinner it must be because we are not trying hard enough. But what if the low-fat diet is itself the problem? What if the very foods we’ve been denying ourselves—the creamy cheeses, the sizzling steaks—are themselves the key to reversing the epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease?

In this captivating, vibrant, and convincing narrative, based on a nine-year-long investigation, Teicholz shows how the misinformation about saturated fats took hold in the scientific community and the public imagination, and how recent findings have overturned these beliefs. She explains why the Mediterranean Diet is not the healthiest, and how we might be replacing trans fats with something even worse. This startling history demonstrates how nutrition science has gotten it so wrong: how overzealous researchers, through a combination of ego, bias, and premature institutional consensus, have allowed dangerous misrepresentations to become dietary dogma.

With eye-opening scientific rigor,
The Big Fat Surprise upends the conventional wisdom about all fats with the groundbreaking claim that more, not less, dietary fat—including saturated fat—is what leads to better health and wellness. Science shows that we have been needlessly avoiding meat, cheese, whole milk, and eggs for decades and that we can now, guilt-free, welcome these delicious foods back into our lives.

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Editorial Reviews

Review

"A wonderful book [that] takes on everything we think we know about nutrition and examines it.." (Ruth Reichl, former editor-in-chief, Gourmet magazine)

About the Author

Nina Teicholz is an investigative science journalist and author as well as an advocate for evidence-based nutrition policy. Her work has appeared in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Independent, The Atlantic, and The New Yorker, among other places. She grew up in Berkeley, California, and now lives in New York.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Simon & Schuster; First Edition (May 13, 2014)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 496 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1451624425
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1451624427
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.74 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.25 x 1.5 x 9.25 inches
  • Customer Reviews:

About the author

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Nina Teicholz
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Nina Teicholz is an investigative science journalist and author. Her international bestseller, The Big Fat Surprise has upended the conventional wisdom on dietary fat--especially saturated fat--and has challenged the very core of our nutrition policy.

The executive editor of "The Lancet" wrote, "this is a disquieting book about scientific incompetence, evangelical ambition, and ruthless silencing of dissent that has shaped our lives for decades…researchers, clinicians, and health policy advisors should read this provocative book. ”A review in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition said, “This book should be read by every scientist…[and] every nutritional science professional.” In the BMJ (British Medical Journal), the journal's former editor wrote, “Teicholz has done a remarkable job in analysing [the] weak science, strong personalities, vested interests, and political expediency” of nutrition science.

The Big Fat Surprise was named a 2014 *Best Book* by The Economist, the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Mother Jones, and Library Journal. It was named one of the best Nutrition audiobooks of all time" by BookAuthority.

Teicholz's writing has also been published in The BMJ, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic, The Independent, and The New Yorker, among others. In addition, Teicholz is the Executive Director of The Nutrition Coalition, a non-profit group that promotes evidence-based nutrition policy. She has testified before the Canadian Senate and U.S. Department of Agriculture about the need for reform of dietary guidelines.

Teicholz attended Yale and Stanford where she studied biology and majored in American Studies. She has a master’s degree from Oxford University and served as associate director of the Center for Globalization and Sustainable Development at Columbia University.

A former vegetarian of 25+ years, from Berkeley, CA, Teicholz now lives in New York city with her husband and two sons.

Customer reviews

4.7 out of 5 stars
4.7 out of 5
4,006 global ratings
The Madness of Crowds - Explained
5 Stars
The Madness of Crowds - Explained
The Big Fat Surprise – Book Review“Taubes work as a science journalist had won him many awards, including three science-in-society awards from the National Association of Science Writers, the most that the group allows for any single science reporter. Yet roughly two thirds of my interviews with nutrition experts began with something like: “If you are taking the Gary Taubes line, then I’d rather not talk to you.” (Teicholz 313)“Only carbohydrates have been shown, in clinical experiments, to be the likely principal cause of obesity, heart disease, and diabetes.” (Teicholz 335)---------------After reading both Nina Teicholz The Big Fat Surprise (and Gary Taubes’ The Case Against Sugar), it is impossible to think of ‘experts’ as anything but. It turns out they are as flawed as the rest of us, able to be wrong on levels unimaginable. Teicholz book is a ‘nutritional thriller’, complete with heroes and villains, unfortunately the villains won, to the detriment of the American people.I grew up during the low-fat era. Low fat Yogurt and milk, vegetarianism, veganism, ‘fat free’ and ‘heart healthy’ were all products and terms that were used to not only increase sales, but also to inform you that what you were eating was healthy, because it was low in fat. “Fat, particularly animal fat, is bad; too much of it will cause heart disease.” This is what we were told, and everyone knew it to be true.But did they? People assumed that both the food corporations, scientists, and the government were acting upon scientifically backed knowledge that showed that the increase in heart disease among westerners, particularly Americans, was due to eating too much meat. It turns out that this was wrong. A combination of bad science, strong personalities, assumptions, flawed studies and societal inertia created a movement that is probably responsible for the premature deaths of millions.Ancel Keys, the main villain in The Big Fat Surprise, was a scientist who assumed that because Americans were having more heart disease and heart attacks, meat and fat must be the culprit, as Americans eat a lot of meat. Keys did what many arrogant and intelligent people do; he figured out the solution first, and then tried to force the hypothesis, epidemiological studies, and successive experiments into the predetermined result.Two instances are noteworthy, both described in detail by Teicholz. Keys ran the ‘Seven Countries Study – a massive analysis of the eating habits of those in seven chosen countries. Oddly, he left out France, a country where meat and cheese are eaten regularly. No coherent explanation was ever given as to why France was left off the list. Not only was France not included, the data was cherry picked by Keys, and none of it showed that a low-fat diet had any effect on total mortality. Teicholz did what thousands of scientists, politicians, writers and opinion makers after Keys did not do – she looked over the Seven Countries study data carefully and saw that it did not fit Keys’ thesis: that a low-fat diet was healthier.The second instance, an astounding example of confirmation bias, was the Minnesota Coronary Survey. In 1968, biochemist Ivan Franz fed 9000 men and women in six Minnesota state mental hospitals select food, lowering the saturated fat for one group, and having the control group maintain a diet of “traditional American foods.” Because the subjects were hospitalized, the experiment was more controlled than most. After four and a half years, the diet low in saturated fat had failed to show any health advantage at all. Franz then proceeded to sit on the results for sixteen years, and eventually published them in a sparsely read medical journal. When asked why he did this he said, “We were just disappointed in the way it came out.” In addition to not releasing the results because of “disappointment”, the group that ate a low-fat diet had higher rates of cancer, although the study does not say if the number was statistically significant.Teicholz, in a 340-page book that took her 10 years to write, goes into great detail about what should be considered a 50-year example of bad science, biased reporting, and deadly assumptions. The scientists who dared to swim against the current of the ‘diet heart’ (low fat) zeitgeist were pilloried, blacklisted and shunned. Even diet doctors with considerable success such as Dr. Robert Atkins and Pete Ahrens were never given a fair hearing, because ‘everybody knew’ their conclusions were wrong. The Establishment created a consensus out of nothing, and attacked those who went against the ‘consensus’.In giving Atkins, Ahrens and others a fair hearing, Teicholz has done society a great service. Unlike the so-called nutritional authorities and pundits, she has probably saved lives. That her stance, and her book still rankle the Nutritional Establishment is a testament to her resolve, and people’s ability to ignore those who are brave enough to tell us that the emperor has no clothes.“Men, it has been well said, think in herds; it will be seen that they go mad in herds, while they only recover their senses slowly, one by one.” – Charles Mackay, Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds 
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Top reviews from the United States

Reviewed in the United States on August 4, 2014
"Alas, thou hast misconstrued everything" (Julius Caesar 5.3.83)
So spoke Titanius to Cassius' body before turning his sword on himself, realising that Cassius had misunderstood the signs of battle, and now all was lost. Sadly, the legions of academics who totally misconstrued the place of dietary fat and cholesterol in human disease are not so willing to acknowledge their mistake. Indeed, in the main, they still do not seem to realise how wrong they were.

"The Big Fat Surprise" is a fascinating historical and technical account of a dreadful scientific misunderstanding that had its roots in 1950's America; from humble beginnings, pioneered by the nutritionist Ancel Keys, the mistaken "Diet-Heart" Hypothesis blossomed over the decades and gathered an unstoppable momentum amongst the scientific, medical and political communities (in short, the theory states that "dietary fat drives blood cholesterol which in turn drives Coronary Heart Disease). Increasingly as the ideology around this theory became entrenched, the Emperor's nakedness could not be acknowledged by the academic and medical fraternity, and the correct scientific method of proving propositions failed spectacularly. The Surprise is that such an enormous quantity of otherwise intelligent people could spin in circles and cling to a failed hypothesis, as a growing body of contradictory data emerged. Sadly, the ultimate result was the Big, Fat and Diabetic population, which we now see lumbering all around us.

Teicholz begins with an introduction that encapsulates the whole drama from a 30,000 foot viewpoint, before moving on smoothly to some of the more interesting "paradoxes" that totally undermine the Diet-Heart Hypothesis. These first chapters draw the reader into the narrative, introducing us to some fascinating historical characters who achieved great insights, illustrating how animal fat could be counted amongst the most nutritious and valuable foods that humans could consume - even when these dominated the diet to the near-exclusion of carbohydrates. Ancel Keys, however, dismissed these pivotal observations as "irrelevant" - without offering any supporting data for his position. Following this lead-in we get to the heart of the matter - a discussion of Keys' obsessive and aggressive domination of this arena over the next decades, gaining acolytes and manipulating the whole discourse, and executing carefully crafted experiments that would likely support his beliefs (or be massaged to achieve that end). These were the infamous "Six Countries" and "Seven Countries" studies, and although I was familiar with the bad science that underpinned them, I was further shocked by the extent of it. For anyone with a passing interest in their health, and the most salient scientific knowledge that informs it, this is required reading.

And how could such a misunderstanding survive to generate arguably the biggest human-health debacle of the century? Well we are about to find out, as the following chapter draws us down the rabbit-hole, into an entirely accurate and compelling history of misunderstanding, cronyism, industry influence and incompetence. The details of the conflicting evidence from multiple trials are thoroughly researched and clearly articulated here - including the groundbreaking outcome of the original and best population study (Framingham) - whose final result was rewritten to fit the prevailing ideology - the actual data muddied beyond belief into an abstract and media release that was essentially fraudulent. As you read I'm sure you will feel the urge to reach into the past and shake sense into the scientific and medical community, who had allowed themselves to be blinded by the now powerful orthodox position taken. It is a compelling lesson in academic hubris and lack of collective leadership; although many voices of sanity were raised, they lacked the character and wherewithal to band together and ensure that reason prevailed. Thus America and then the world embarked on "the largest uncontrolled experiment in the history of mankind"; and the outcome of same is shuffling all around us, caught in a Neuro-Endocrinological Disease cycle of Obesity (and paradoxically a simultaneous state of malnutrition); these are the unknowing citizens who pay the ultimate price of their society's bad science.

The following chapter is another page turner, dealing with the polyunsaturated fat debacle that has been foisted upon us all. Half-truths and misunderstandings are clearly explained, through a high-level analysis of the major experiments that led to the mistaken belief that polyunsaturated fats should replace natural saturated fats in our diet. Again, one can feel the anger rise as one realises how yet again they misconstrued the signals, and when the experiment outcomes indicated their mistake, how they forcibly pushed the unwelcome data under the research carpet. The (perhaps unintentional) dishonesty and groupthink of researchers here is nothing short of astonishing; this is a must-read for anyone who still believes the absurd suggestion that modern industrially extracted seed oils are healthier than ancestral foods that fuelled our very evolution. In fact the very opposite is demonstrably being proven true, and only now is correct advice leeching at a pitifully slow rate into the mainstream guidelines. Get ahead of the curve on this one guys - your heart and a cancer-free cellular structure will thank you for it, believe me.

Midpoint through this excellent book the story becomes even richer, as we focus on the interaction with the political sphere, with the misinformation gathering momentum through government and media involvement. During this section you may find your faith in politics dented severely - and that's good, because it means that you're intelligent; but you will also likely feel disgust and anger, and rightly so again. I won't spoil the surprise by detailing the content here, but suffice it to say that you will be amazed that you held the beliefs that we all did from birth, based on the cack-handed crap that evolved through this process of faith-based science and accompanying politicisation. The parallels with religion are not a coincidence - this was more ideology than engineering.

Teicholz now changes gear and begins to focus on the victims of the emerging ideology - those most adversely affected by deploying a low-fat dogma - the women and the children. I have spent more than a year studying cholesterol and metabolism in great depth, and I regularly stop for a moment to think how damaging the past six decades of technical incorrectness have been, particularly for this constituency. The detail and accuracy here are excellent - all women should focus particularly on this chapter, which also explains in a very clear and understandable way how HDL, LDL and the cholesterol science evolved during the period; when I think of my mother's generation onwards, being frightened away from nutritious and satiating foods that fuelled human development itself, into the bosom of substances that have no place in a healthy diet....well, read it and weep (!)

For brevity I will speed up at this point, although in the book the pace remains as steady as it is revelatory. Teicholz brings us through the Mediterranean Diet craze, the scourge of Trans Fats, the latter's even more toxic replacement in a seething battle between competing interests, and then climaxes with a perfectly balanced and thoroughly referenced final summary: "Why Saturated Fat is Good for You". And it is. Be assured that it is. Evolution attests to this. The correct interpretation of massive datasets from a six decade's long scientific quest attests to this. The art of engineering problem solving attests to this. There is no doubt for this particular technical obsessive who has studied the whole gamut over the past year. And this book is for those who will never invest in that exercise, but wish to know the truth almost as comprehensively as if they had done so.

I started this review with one of my favourite Shakespeare quotes - what would the great bard do with this story you might ask? Why, create an entertaining play to bring the important lessons to the masses - but would it be a tragedy or a farce? Perhaps a mixture of both.

Educate and entertain yourself simultaneously, by being professionally led by Teicholz through the whole debacle - one of the biggest, fattest stories of our times.

Ivor Cummins
www.thefatemperor.com
138 people found this helpful
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Reviewed in the United States on May 3, 2015
This phenomenally well-researched and written book may well be the game changer for some in the food industry as it reveals their role in expanding the incidence of chronic diseases/conditions such as coronary heart disease, Type II diabetes, and obesity that were rare before the turn-of-the-19th-century. There were plenty of older people in the 19th century who did not get these diseases (even where the top ten causes of death were from infectious disease), but today these age groups are overwhelmed with many of these otherwise mostly avoidable diseases.

Perhaps the most important aspect of this book is that it is easy to read, which cannot be said for many books with this degree of complexity. Beginning in the 1920's, advances in technology made possible food substances that do not exist in nature, such as refined seed oils which when heated give off incredibly toxic aldehydes and a substance known as HNE. This book is a must read for anyone who cares about his own health as well as the more global social and health consequences of the population as a whole.

Her scientific analytical skills are particularly good at finding inconsistencies and contradictions in dense academic articles that escape many highly educated readers. Virtually everyone has been led to believe by official dietary policy "experts" that low fat and high carbohydrate diets (the diet-heart hypothesis) are optimal for health, when it is exactly the opposite. High saturated animal fats, low refined carbohydrates, and the elimination of most seed oils (olive oil being the least problematic) have repeatedly been shown to be optimal for health, just like they were in the 19th century and before.

In the 19th century and before, saturated animal fats were consumed almost daily and refined carbohydrates did not exist to any great extent (compared to today). This strongly suggests that most of the chronic diseases that plague us today for the most part can be avoided or prevented by a diet that emphasizes non-processed foods.

Polyunsaturated fats do lower cholesterol a small amount, but it is now being shown that an elevated blood cholesterol LDL level is not the primary mechanism of coronary artery heart disease. Ms. Teicholz convincingly shows how these misguided dietary policies have created an absolute health disaster. Low fat diets were particularly focused on eliminating saturated animal fats in favor of polyunsaturated seed oils (canola, soybean, corn, etc.). Polyunsaturated seed oils are far more dangerous and destructive than saturated fat because they have carbon double-bonds that react to create destructive compounds, particularly aldehydes.

Alarmingly, it has been known since at least 1950 that when these oils are heated even to modest levels achievable in every kitchen (again, olive oil is the least problematic), these highly toxic substances are inhaled in addition to being consumed in the final products. There is research that suggests that this is the culprit for a significantly higher degree of lung cancer than predicted in women who have never smoked who stir-fry in enclosed spaces.

Many otherwise well-meaning women in the last 30 years took "expert" dietary advice very seriously and fed their children very low-fat diets, which has been shown to adversely affect intelligence, growth, and other essential aspects of development. The conclusion is inescapable; we are a nation that is far sicker and overweight than ever before in our history, and it can be traced directly to now provably incorrect conclusions that saturated animal fats are bad and carbohydrates are good.

Political pressure has compelled many restaurants to get rid of beef tallow and other healthy saturated animal fats used to fry food for polyunsaturated vegetable oils. Particularly since TRANS fats were removed, these oils are more toxic than ever before. Instead of doing the right thing, which is to go back to saturated animal fats, some large restaurant chains developed special ventilation hoods that are not economically feasible for most people in their kitchens. In large part because of the Internet and books of this type, many members of the public are learning the truth and taking steps to prevent these otherwise avoidable diseases.
44 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

DK13000
5.0 out of 5 stars Un classique
Reviewed in France on March 3, 2024
Livre qu'il faut avoir lu si on est intéressé pour comprendre le fonctionnement du cholestérol dans l'organisme et pourquoi il ne faut pas diaboliser le gras.
Il m'a ouvert les yeux sur les régimes cétoniques, même si à l'époque je n'ai pas franchi le pas. Il a été utile pour interroger mes croyances en diététiques
Cliente Amazon
5.0 out of 5 stars The best book ever
Reviewed in Italy on June 1, 2023
Mind blowing! The best read ever! It shows how we've been brainwashed for decades about our nutrition. It's a shame it's not translated in all languages.
2 people found this helpful
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Sten
1.0 out of 5 stars Too detailed
Reviewed in Sweden on May 5, 2023
Complicated and boring, who reads all this?
A Chapman
5.0 out of 5 stars Crucial book on nutrition and big food corruption
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on December 25, 2022
Nina Teicholz is a giant (USA and globally) in researching, exposing and challenging the corruption of government diet guidelines, which after political groundwork in the 1950s, were introduced to the USA in the 1970s (USDA 'food pyramid'); extending to UK (NHS 'Eatwell Guide/Plate'); also to Europe and internationally in much of the 'developed world'.
Since then we've seen obesity, diabetes (esp Type 2) and chronic illness explode, including mental illness - depression, anxiety, suicides.
Teicholz is free from affiliation or payment arrangements with food and pharma industries.
She was a pivotal witness at the trial of Professor Tim Noakes in South Africa - incidentally please find and watch the video(s) about his trial, because it features vast amounts of information about nutrition, health, illness, and the experts who understand these issues, for example Zoe Harcombe of the UK.
The UK's 'Public Health Collaboration' organisation is very significant.
So too is the American organisation Diet Doctor.
Interestingly vast amounts of educational information are available COMPLETELY FREE from organisations which align with the work of Ms Teicholz.
We are now beginning to see the diet and nutrition tide turn, so that increasingly more people and health professionals understand the dangers of processed foods, sugars, carbs and vegetable oils and grain oils.
Sleep, salt and lifestyle are other huge factors in how the 'developed' world has become so terribly unhealthy.
Anyone interested in discovering more, please do the free PHC (Public Health Collaboration) training.
On the PHC UK website you will see world leading doctors who are the PHC scientific board, including Dr Aseem Malhotra.
You will also see experts in food addiction, which is a massive area of opportunity for education and transformational change, not least because sugar is considered by many experts now to be the 'gateway drug' to all other addictions.
The work of PHC patron Steve Bennett (Health Results, launched in 2022) is remarkable and transformational too.
The work of the LowCarbFreshwell GPs in Essex (now being rolled out by the NHS to other GP surgeries) is further evidence that the dietary approach advocated by Teicholz et al not only reverses obesity and diabetes type 2, and dramatically improves and cures many chronic health conditions, buit also saves the NHS (and taxpayers) a fortune.
You will see these diet/lifestyle educational supports and improvements being introduced increasingly by the NHS in 2023/24, and also to UK schools and corporations.

Separately and very much related, also explore the work of Professor Edward Bullmore (Cambridge neuroscience) on inflammation and the myths of the blood-brain barrier - his book The Inflamed Mind is pivotal.
For those particularly interested in antidepressants/anxiety/depression/suicide please explore the work of highly qualified 'critical psychiatry' leaders Joanna Moncrieff (esp the Jul 2022 huge UCL meta-analysis of serotonin/SSRI data) and the work/books of Dr James Davies (Roehampton). Davies' work inputs to the UK All Party Parliamentary Group for the harms/addictions of prescription drugs.
These are exciting hugely optimistic times, especially as so much of these transformational changes are international.
When people are educated how to eat more healthily, this changes what the shops stock, what the restaurants and cafes sell, and what the manufacturers produce.
This is a ground-upwards quiet revolution.
Be part of it, and improve your health by educating yourself about nutrition and lifestyle.
And please buy this book; it's a life-changer, and life-saver!
Eat well, Sleep well, Move well, Be well!
Thanks for reading this review,
Alan Chapman
(health coach and educationalist)
28 people found this helpful
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HansvB
5.0 out of 5 stars Erg mooi, uitgebreid en met bronverwijzingen
Reviewed in the Netherlands on November 18, 2019
Een erg mooi boek, uitgebreid en met bronverwijzingen. Beslist een aanrader voor iedereen die is geinteresseerd in gezonde voeding. Laat o.a. zien dat natuurlijke vetten veel beter zijn dat door mensen geraffineerde olieen.
One person found this helpful
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