Philippines
The Philippines[3] (Filipino: Pilipinas) is an archipelago in South-East Asia there are seven thousand six hundred forty one islands located between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea at the southeastern edge of Asia.
Understand[edit]The Philippines is an archipelago that consists of 7,641 islands (by some counts 7,107) with a total land area of 301,780 square kilometers (116,518 sq mi), an extent comparable to Vietnam or California. The archipelago lies at roughly the same latitude as Thailand or Vietnam and the same longitude as Taiwan or Korea. The thousands of Philippine islands are bracketed by two large islands, in the north (Luzon) and south (Mindanao), with the smaller islands in between grouped and referred to as the Visayas. Major urban centers are Manila (Luzon), Cebu (Visayas), and Davao (Mindanao). The Philippines is largely mountainous, though there are extensive plains on Luzon north of Manila. Many wonderful beaches are just part of one of the world's longest coastlines and it would take about 20 years to spend a day on every island. Since Spanish colonial times, the country has been Asia's largest Catholic country. Over a hundred ethnic groups, a mixture of foreign influences, and a fusion of culture and arts have enhanced the uniqueness of the Filipino identity and the wonder that is the Philippines. History[edit]Early Settlement[edit]Several thousand years ago, the first settlers in the Philippines crossed shallow seas and land bridges from mainland Asia to arrive in this group of islands. These were Melanesians related to the Australian Aborigines and Papuans, also known as Negritos. Direct descendants of these people still live in remote villages throughout the provinces of the country. Most Filipinos now call their descendants Aeta, though there are dozens of different Philippine Negrito tribes of which Aeta is just one example. These first settlers were eventually marginalized socially, economically, and physically by later waves of settlers. Later Austronesian settlers traveled the same routes as the Negritos - but this time over sea in their impressive Balangay boats. (This word is where the basic form of the political institution, the barangay, came from.) The Austronesians are thought to have come from Taiwan and spread south through the Philippines and then ever onwards, as far away as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Hawaii, Easter Island/Rapa Nui, New Zealand, and Madagascar. Under Spanish rule[edit]When the explorer Ferdinand Magellan set foot on the soil through the island of Homonhon in 1521, the Philippines was predominantly animist, with some Muslim and Hindu inhabitants mainly in the southern part of the country. Famished, Magellan's crew were treated to a feast by the welcoming islanders who wore elaborate tattoos. Magellan was Portuguese but it was a Spanish Expedition that led to the islands which were eventually claimed by Spain as its colony. Lapu-Lapu a native chief of Mactan island was against the Christianization of the natives, he then fought a battle with Magellan where Lapu-Lapu won while Magellan was killed. The Philippines was later on named for Crown Prince Philip II of Spain and most of the natives converted to Catholicism. Some Muslims in the south and various animistic mountain tribes, however, resisted Spanish conquest and Catholic conversion.  The Chocolate Hills of Bohol The longest revolt against Spanish colonization was led by Francisco Dagohoy in Bohol which lasted for 85 years covering the period of 1744-1829. As a cabeza de barangay or barangay captain, Dagohoy opposed the Spanish colonizers who were represented by priests and civil leaders, imposing payment of excessive taxes, and tributes. The Manila Galleon trade made contact between the Philippines and Mexico as well as the whole of the Americas. Spaniards and Natives from the Spanish colonies settled in the Philippines and introduced their cultures which then was embraced by the Filipinos. The Philippines received heavy influence from Spain and its colonies (Today Mexico, Peru, etc.), and the archipelago became "Hispanicized". Other Asians used the Manila Galleon trade to migrate to the West. During the Spanish rule, people such as the Dutch, Portuguese, and British tried to colonize the country, however, only the British did so. It lasted for less than two years and only in the modern-day capital: Manila. The Philippines remained a Spanish colony for over 300 years until 1899 when it was ceded by Spain to the United States following the Spanish-American War. Under US Subjugation[edit]Filipinos declared independence from Spain on 12 June 1898 after defeating their Spanish occupiers, only to see Spain purport to give to the United States of America what was not theirs to give. The struggle continued against their new US occupiers. Filipinos then fought American colonization for seven long years of the utmost barbarism with American soldiers inflicting inventive tortures, and sadistic and racist war crimes featured in British newspapers. After the Filipinos had been out-gunned, relations between the US and their new Philippine colony continued relatively uneventfully and the Philippines were granted commonwealth status in 1935. Any time after this point (years or decades - or never), the Philippines could have become a US state or been given independence but the US prevaricated. Japan invaded the Philippines and the even more sadistic Japanese occupation lasted from 1941 until 1945 when US General Douglas MacArthur fulfilled his promise and liberated the US territory from the Japanese, with Americans and Filipinos fighting side by side against the Japanese. In 1946, a year after World War II ended with a victory by the Allies, the Philippines were at last granted independence. Pre-Modern era[edit]Up until the 1960s, the Philippines were second only to Japan in terms of development in Asia. Two decades of rule by Ferdinand Marcos plunged the country into deep debt. Poverty was widespread and infrastructure for development was severely lacking. In 1986, the People Power uprising finally overthrew the Marcos government. (The EDSA Revolution - the majority of the demonstrations took place on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, EDSA.) He was replaced by Corazon Aquino, widow of slain opposition leader, Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. Modern era[edit]Before the 21st century, corruption became one of the main problems of the country. The country suffered slightly in the 1997 Asian Financial crisis but led to a second EDSA which overthrew Pres. Joseph Estrada, the then Vice-President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (daughter of one of the former presidents) took his place. After her term ended in 2010, Benigno Aquino III (nicknamed "Noynoy" and "Pnoy"), son of Corazon and Benigno Aquino, Jr was elected President. Thankfully due to the hard work of the Filipinos and the Philippines being a suitable work environment for foreigners due to a large English-speaking population, growth in the Philippines was fast and caught up with its neighbors. People[edit]As of 2010, the Philippines has a population estimated at 93 million and growing very rapidly. From its long history of Western influence, 377 years by the Spaniards and 49 years by the Americans, its people have evolved as a unique blend of East and West in both appearance and culture. Filipinos are largely Austronesian (more specifically Malayo-Polynesian) in terms of ethnic origin. However, many people, particularly in the cities of Luzon and the Visayas, have Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Spanish and American mixtures, whereas those living in the provinces are mostly of pure Austronesian origin (known as "native"). Many Muslims in the Sulu archipelago near Borneo have Arab, Indian, and Chinese mixtures. The four largest foreign minorities in the country are as follows: Chinese, Indian, and the Japanese. Also of significance are the Americans, Indonesians, and Arabs. Pure Spaniards and other Europeans form a very small proportion of the country's population. Needless to say, the characteristic Filipino traits are a confluence of many cultures put together. Filipinos are famous for the Bayanihan or spirit of kinship and camaraderie taken from Austronesian forefathers. They observe very close family ties which are said to have been passed on by the Chinese. Religion comes from the Spaniards who were responsible for spreading the Christian faith across the archipelago. The Spaniards introduced Roman Catholicism and succeeded in converting the overwhelming majority of Filipinos. At least 83% of the total population belongs to the Roman Catholic faith. The Philippines is one of only two countries in Asia with a majority Roman Catholic population (the other being East Timor) The genuine and pure expression of hospitality is an inherent trait in Filipinos, especially those who reside in the countryside who may appear very shy at first, but have a generous spirit, as seen in their smiles. Hospitality, a trait displayed by every Filipino, makes these people legendary in Southeast Asia. Guests will often be treated like royalty in Philippine households. This is most evident during fiestas when even virtual strangers are welcomed and allowed to partake in the feast that most, if not all, households have during the occasion. At times, this hospitality is taken to a fault. Some households spend their entire savings on their fiesta offerings and sometimes even run into debt just to have lavish food on their table. They spend the next year paying for these debts and preparing for the next fiesta. At any rate, seldom can you find such hospitable people who enjoy the company of their visitors. Perhaps due to their long association with Spain, Filipinos are emotional and passionate about life in a way that seems more Latin than Asian. Filipinos lead the bunch of English-proficient Asian people today and English is considered as a second language. When it was an American territory, English was largely taught to the Filipino people. While the official language is Filipino (which is the Tagalog language) and 171 languages and dialects exist in this archipelago, English is the second most widely spoken language in the country. Many business establishments and schools also speak in English and many signs around the country are in English. American culture such as movies, television, music, electronic accessories, and such are extremely popular in the country. The geographical and cultural grouping of Filipinos is defined by region, where each group has a set of distinct traits and languages - the sturdy and frugal Ilocanos of the north, the industrious Tagalogs of the central plains, the loving and sweet Visayans from the central islands, and the colorful tribesmen and religious Muslims of Mindanao. Tribal communities or minorities are likewise scattered across the archipelago. Also, it may seem peculiar for tourists to notice a somewhat Latin flair in Filipino culture. About 3 million people, often the very oldest in the country, speak some Spanish. Mainstream Philippine culture, compared to the rest of Asia, is quite Hispanic and Westernized at the surface level. But still, Filipinos are essentially Austronesian, and many indigenous and pre-Hispanic attitudes and ways of thinking are still noticeable underneath an American veneer. Indigenous groups, who have retained a fully Malayo-Polynesian culture unaffected by Spanish influence, are also visible in cities like Manila, Baguio, Davao, or Cebu, and can remind a visitor of the amazing diversity and multiculturalism present in the country. Politics[edit]The government of the Philippines was largely based on the United States model. The President of the Philippines is elected directly by the people and serves as both the Head of State and Head of Government. The legislature is a bicameral congress consisting of a lower house, known as the Camara de Representantes (House of Representatives), and an upper house, known as the Senado (Senate). Both houses are elected directly by the people, though the country is divided into districts for the election of the lower house, while the upper house is elected by the country as a whole. Philippine elections are famously expensive and colorful spectacles and both the successful and unsuccessful politicos cripple the economy with corrupt practices designed to recoup their expenses for months if not years afterward. Religion[edit] San Agustin Church, Intramuros, Manila The Philippines is not only the largest Christian country in Asia but also it is the world's third-largest Catholic Nation. The Catholic faith remains the single biggest legacy of three hundred years of Spanish colonial rule. Catholicism is taken quite seriously in the Philippines. Masses draw crowds from the biggest cathedrals in the metropolis to the smallest parish chapels in the countryside. During Holy Week, most broadcast TV stations close down or operate only for limited hours and those that do operate broadcast religious programs. The Christian faith exerts quite a bit of influence on non-religious affairs such as affairs of the state. Mores have been changing slowly, however; artificial birth control, premarital sex, and the dissolution of marriage vows have been on the rise. The biggest religious minority is Muslim Filipinos who primarily live in Mindanao and ARMM, but also increasingly in cities such as Manila, Baguio, or Cebu in the north and central parts of the country. They account for around 5% of the population. Islam is the oldest continually practiced organized religion in the Philippines, with the first conversions made in the 12th century AD. Islam became such an important force that Manila at the time of the Spanish arrival in the 16th century was a Muslim city. Many aspects of this Islamic past are seen in certain cultural traits many mainstream Christian Filipinos still exhibit (such as eating and hygiene etiquette) and have added to the melting pot of Filipino culture in general. Sadly, Terrorist attacks and violent confrontations between the Filipino army and splinter militant Islamic organizations such as the Abu Sayyaf and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front have strained relations between Muslim and non-Muslim Filipinos in rural areas in the south. Yet, Muslim Filipinos are much more liberal in their interpretations of Islam, and like the Muslims of Indonesia, are generally more relaxed regarding such topics as gender segregation or the hijab (veil) than South Asians or Middle Eastern Muslims. Indian Filipinos, Chinese Filipinos, and Japanese Filipinos are mostly Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Shinto, and Taoist which all account for 3% of the population of the Philippines. These populations have been in the country for centuries preceding Spanish rule, and many aspects of Buddhism and Hinduism are seen in the mainstream culture of Christian or Muslim Filipinos. As with many things in the Philippines, religious statistics are never clear-cut and defined, and many Christians and Muslims also practice and believe in indigenous spiritual aspects (such as honoring natural deities and ancestor-worship, as well as the existence of magic and healers) that may in some cases contradict the orthodox rules of their religions. Atheists and Agnostics form a minority in the Philippines, around 0.8% of Filipinos are irreligious. However, it is likely higher but unreported due to a high stigma against nonreligious people as well as it being illegal in many provinces. Climate[edit]The climate is tropical, with March to May (summer) being the hottest months. The rainy season starts in June and extends through October with strong typhoons possible. The coolest months are from November to February, with mid-January to the end of February considered the best for cooler and dryer weather. Locations exposed directly to the Pacific Ocean have frequent rainfall all year. This includes the popular Pagsanjan Falls southeast of Manila (though the falls will get you wet regardless). The average temperatures range from 78°F / 25°C to 90°F / 32°C, and humidity is around 77 percent. Baguio, which is branded as the summer capital of the Philippines, tends to be cooler due to its being located in mountainous regions with temperatures at night going below 20°C (68°F). During summer, the country experiences droughts, sometimes in extreme conditions. Typhoons frequently cause great destruction and loss of life. Holidays[edit]
Dates
Culture[edit]The culture of the Philippines is very diverse. There is the native Melanesian and Austronesian culture, which is most evident in language, ethnicity, native architecture, food, and dances. There is also some influence from Japan, China, India, Arabia, and Borneo. On top of that, there is a heavy colonial Hispanic influence from Mexico and Spain, such as in religion, food, dance, language, festivals, architecture, and ethnicity. Later influence from the US can also be seen in the culture. Regions[edit]The Philippines has 80 provinces categorized into 17 regions with over 120 cities. Our guide divides it into 3 major island groups:
Cities[edit]
Other destinations[edit]
Get in[edit]
Nationals of Brazil and Israel may enter the Philippines visa-free for up to 59 days. Nationals of Hong Kong and Macau - including permanent residents of Macau who hold Portuguese passports - may enter the Philippines visa-free for up to 14 days. Those who hold British National (Overseas) passports may enter the Philippines visa-free for up to 7 days. Nationals of China (PRC) traveling as tourists and holding a valid visa issued by Australia, Canada, Japan, the United States or a Schengen Area state may enter the Philippines visa-free for up to 7 days. Nationals of India holding a valid tourist, business, or resident visa issued by Australia, Canada, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the United States, or a Schengen Area state may enter the Philippines visa-free for up to 14 days. Nationals of Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China (PRC), Cuba, East Timor, Egypt, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Nauru, Nigeria, North Korea, Pakistan, Palestine, Sierra Leone, Serbia, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Taiwan, Tonga, Ukraine and Yemen need to apply for a visa at a Filipino diplomatic mission prior to departure. If intending to stay beyond the duration of the 30-day visa, you may apply for a visa extension at the Bureau of Immigration (BI) which has offices in most main cities and at Manila and Cebu airports. Extensions are granted up to a maximum of six months per time. you can keep getting visa extensions for up to a stay of (three years). after which foreign nationals wishing to stay longer must go out of the Philippines and then come back to start a new one. The 1st visa extension got within the Philippines at a BOI office is from 30 days up to 59 days and costs 3130. A 29-day visa extension got on Arrival at Cebu Airport costs 3000 pesos. you could also get a 59-day tourist visa from any Philippines Embassy around the world for $30/40. but you need to add on the costs of going to and from the Embassy two times as the visa takes 2-3 working days to get. If you overstay, you must pay on departure a fine of ₱1,000 per month of overstay plus a ₱2,020 processing fee. Airlines may refuse to let you check in if you only have a one-way ticket to the Philippines due to immigration requirements. Cebu Pacific Air will require a printed copy of an onward "itinerary receipt" at check-in. If you want to risk not having an onward ticket, try to check in early to allow yourself time to buy a ticket at an Internet cafe or ticket desk in the airport if the airline refuses to check you in. By plane[edit]Because the Philippines is an archipelago, most visitors arrive by plane. International airports are located in Cebu, Clark Freeport Zone, Angeles, Davao, Kalibo, Laoag, Iloilo, Manila. A much more congenial airport to arrive at is Mactan-Cebu International Airport or Kalibo International Airport, which are both at the center of the Philippine archipelago and outside the Typhoon belt. Passengers departing the Philippines from Clark Airport have to pay a terminal fee of ₱600. It is paid before entering the immigration and pre-departure "air-side" area of the terminals. In all other airports, the terminal fee is included in the ticket price. (Cebu airport from September 2019). Philippine Airlines (PAL) [4], Cebu Pacific [5], Air Asia [6] are the national carriers. If you plan to travel around the various islands, it is best to get an open-jaw ticket. This can save much time back-tracking. Most common open-jaw ticket combinations fly into Manila and out of Cebu. Local airlines also have regular "seat sales", advertising cheap fares for flights to domestic destinations. However, be aware of travel dates: some tickets booked during a seat sale may only be used on dates well after the duration of the sale (sometimes up to a year after the sale), and advertised fares usually exclude government taxes and fuel surcharges. Also, be informed that Cebu Pacific is notorious for flight delays almost daily and short notice flight cancelations. Cebu Pacific also doesn't provide passengers with free food or refreshments, accommodation, or reimbursement of full airfare cost during flight delays. If you live in an area with a large Filipino population (such as London, Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taipei, or Tokyo), check out travel agencies catering to overseas Filipinos which often have fares keener than those generally advertised. Ninoy Aquino International Airport[edit]Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) [7] (IATA: MNL | ICAO: RPLL is divided into four terminals: Terminals 1, 2, 3 and the Domestic Terminal (also known as Terminal 4). All airlines use Terminal 1 or 3 with a few exceptions: Philippine Airlines uses Terminal 2, and Air Asia domestic flights use the Domestic Terminal. Terminal 1, long regarded as one of Asia's worst airport terminals, is currently undergoing renovation and several areas of the terminal have been renovated. The newer Terminals 2 and 3 are regarded as being far nicer than Terminal 1, with more amenities to boot. Airlines and routes[edit]Several airlines fly in and out of Manila, servicing various destinations. Philippine Flight Network[8] provides updated information on all of the latest airline news, routes, and destinations.
Transit[edit]NAIA is famously known for being difficult to transit through, especially if your flight leaves from a different terminal, and is a national embarrassment. However, airport shuttle buses now transport passengers between terminals. The shuttle is free and runs every fifteen minutes. Shuttle buses depart from the arrival area of all terminals and use main airport access roads, so make sure you have a visa if you require one to enter or transit the Philippines as you will be entering the Philippines if you will be connecting onto a flight departing from another terminal. Passengers who are connecting to a Philippine Airlines flight and vice-versa may avail of a free airside shuttle service between Terminals 2 and 3. If your flight departs from the same terminal, transfer counters are available before immigration at all terminals. Passengers who transit through Manila and do not transfer terminals do not need to undergo entry procedures and are exempt from paying the terminal fee. Beware of laglag bala, a modus operandi of syndicate/s operating in Philippine airports where bullets are planted into your luggage/s to extort money from travelers, locals and foreigners alike. NAIA transport[edit]There are no monorails connecting NAIA's 3 terminals. NAIA is accessible by bus, taxi, train, jeepney, and shuttle bus. If you have a connecting flight, make sure you allocate some time to shuttle from one terminal to another.
Other airports[edit]Some visitors who enter the Philippines choose to avoid flying through Manila, instead using other airports throughout the country that have international flights.
By boat[edit]Aleson Shipping lines operates a regular ferry service which connects Zamboanga City with Sandakan in Malaysia. the ferry departs Zamboanga every Tuesday and Friday at 17.00 pm and one ticket costs around $65. Get around[edit]By plane[edit]Since the Philippines is an archipelago, the easiest way to move between islands is by plane. Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific, and Air Asia have significant domestic operations, linking many major towns and cities with Manila, Clark, Cebu, Davao, and Iloilo. Several smaller carriers serve resort destinations (such as Amanpulo in Palawan), as well as more remote destinations. While larger cities are served by jet aircraft, many destinations and less busy routes are served by propeller-driven planes. Unlike most other countries, the terminal building is reserved only for passengers (as well as airport and airline staff). To enter, you need to present a printout of the flight reservation. Security screening may be performed at the entrance to the terminal in addition to after check-in. The route networks of most local airlines are heavily centered around Manila, Clark, Davao, and Cebu: flying between two domestic points usually entails having to transit through at least one of these airports, and there are few direct flights between other major cities. Reaching Sulu and Tawi-Tawi by air is a special case: travelers must fly through Zamboanga City. A significant majority of domestic flights in the Philippines are operated by low-cost carriers and are consequently economy-only: PAL is the only airline to offer business class on domestic flights. This does not mean however that fares are affordable: domestic seat sales are a common feature throughout the year, and all major airlines regularly offer promo fares on their websites. However, fares increase significantly during major peak travel seasons (particularly during Christmas, Holy Week, and the last two weeks of October), and in places served by only one airline (such as Vigan or Marinduque), fares also increase during major provincial or town fiestas. Flights are frequently full during peak travel season, so it is advisable to book well in advance. Passengers departing on domestic flights from Clark Airport need to pay a terminal fee of 150 pesos before entering the pre-departure area. In all other airports, the terminal fee is included in the ticket price. By train[edit]The Philippine National Railways (PNR) used to operate two overnight intercity services: the Bicol Express between Manila and Naga, Camarines Sur, which resumed on June 29, 2011 after a five-year absence, and the Mayon Limited between Manila and Ligao in Albay. Additional services are expected in the future as the rehabilitation of the PNR network progresses. Train service is comparable to (or slower than, due to delays) buses in terms of speed, but is more comfortable owing to the use of donated Japanese coaches for the service. The Bicol Express and Mayon Limited are NOT non-stop services: from Tutuban, Manila's main train station, the train calls at several points in Metro Manila, Laguna, Quezon and Camarines Sur before arriving in Naga (and Albay before arriving in Ligao for the Mayon Limited). It is possible to travel between any two points served by the services, and fares are distance-based. Children under three feet may travel for free. There are currently four classes of service on the Bicol Express:
On the Mayon Limited, only reclining air-conditioned economy class ("deluxe") and regular economy class are offered. However, unlike the Bicol Express, the Mayon Limited provides service using two different trains: the "deluxe" service operates on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, while the "economy" service operates on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays. Passengers on PNR intercity services are entitled to a free baggage allowance of 20 kilograms. It is possible to pre-book seats on intercity trains by calling the PNR at +63 (2) 319-0044. Pre-booking seats is recommended during peak travel seasons (especially during Holy Week and in September, during the Peñafrancia Festival in Naga), when trains can be full. However, the PNR does send a second, all-economy supplementary overnight train on certain days during peak season if traffic demand warrants it. The PNR also operates the Commuter Express in Metro Manila, a once-daily commuter service between Manila and Biñan, Laguna (which is also part of the Commuter Express but uses different trains), and the Bicol Commuter between Naga and towns in Camarines Sur and Albay. By car[edit]The Philippines' road network is centered in Manila. Outside Luzon, larger islands' road networks converge on the largest city or cities (for example, Cebu City for Cebu, Iloilo City for Panay and Puerto Princesa for Palawan), while smaller islands (such as Marinduque, Catanduanes and Camiguin) usually have a road circling the entire island. The Philippines has one highway that is part of the Asian Highway Network: the Pan-Philippine Highway (AH26), also known locally as the Maharlika Highway. The highway begins in Laoag and ends in Zamboanga City, traversing through Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao. However, it is also the only highway in the Asian Highway Network that is not connected to any other highway: it is not possible to enter the Philippines by car. Roads in the Philippines vary greatly in quality from the paved multi-lane expressways of Luzon to the narrow dirt roads of remote mountain areas, which may complicate travel by car. Most major roads have two lanes and are normally paved with asphalt or concrete, although multi-lane roads are common near major cities. Road atlases and maps are available at bookstores throughout the country, and are very helpful when driving, especially when driving alone. Major international car rental companies such as Hertz [44] and Budget [45] have offices in Metro Manila, notably at the airport. Avis [46] and Europcar [47] are among the largest international car rental companies, with offices in several cities throughout the Philippines. Car rental companies usually allow either self-drive or chauffeur-driven rentals: some types of cars however (like vans) may only be rented out with a chauffeur. Also, some rental companies (mostly local ones) may only allow rentals to be driven within the island where the city of rental is located: for example, it may be possible to drive with a rental from Manila to Legazpi (both on Luzon), but not from Manila (Luzon) to Tacloban (Leyte) because it would entail the use of roll-on/roll-off (RO/RO) ferries. If you intend to drive out of Luzon and into the outlying islands, the Visayas, or Mindanao (and/or vice-versa), be sure that the rental company's terms and conditions allow it. Road networks[edit]In addition to the existing network of national and local roads, the Philippines has two additional road networks: an expressway network and the Strong Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH) system. Luzon has an expressway network dominated by the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and South Luzon Expressway (SLEX). These are tollways with good paved roads, are privately maintained, and the farthest tolls will not cost more than a few dollars from Metro Manila. Other expressways include the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (a 94-kilometer 4-lane freeway connecting Subic Bay and Tarlac) and the Bataan Provincial Expressway. Expressways are connected to the network of national highways and provincial roads which connect to major cities and provinces. The Strong Republic Nautical Highway system is a three-route network of national and provincial roads, bridges and roll-on/roll-off (RO/RO) ferries that facilitate the connection of major islands of the Philippines together by road, bringing down the cost of driving (and, ultimately, lowering the cost of shipping goods between islands). The SRNH system begins in Luzon and runs in a north-south direction through the Visayas and ultimately ends in Mindanao. The SRNH is useful for driving to tourist destinations outside Manila: for example, it is possible to drive to both Puerto Galera and Boracay from Manila via the Western Nautical Highway. SRNH routes are signposted and a map of the network and RO/RO schedules are available from the Department of Tourism offices. Driving[edit]International driving licenses are valid in the Philippines for up to 30 days after arrival, after which an International Driver's Permit or Philippine driving licenses are required. Vehicular traffic in the Philippines moves to the right, and the vast majority of road signs are in English. Most signs conform to design guidelines used in the United States but all units used are metric. Filipinos mainly use manual transmission in their cars; however, if you're visiting the Philippines, and you're used to driving an automatic transmission, automatic transmission is available for rental cars, though, it's typically more expensive. Filipinos are famous for not following traffic laws. Traffic often grinds to a screeching halt, especially in major cities (Metro Manila in particular), and the honking of horns is a very common occurrence. When there is no traffic, speeding, swerving, and reckless passing happen regularly, especially on desolate rural roads. Car traffic competes with bus and jeepney traffic, which jostle sidewalk curbs to get more passengers, especially in areas without designated bus stops: the fact that bus and jeepney drivers' salaries are determined based on passenger load does not help the traffic situation in many cities. Motorcycles frequently weave through traffic, increasing the risk of accidents. However, traffic lights, while frequently ignored in the past, are more strictly adhered to now. Seatbelts are mandatory only for persons sitting in the front seat. Due to heavy traffic congestion, Metro Manila and Baguio have laws that restrict certain vehicles based on the day of the week and the ending number of your vehicle's license plate: this is officially called the Uniform Vehicular Volume Reduction Program (UVVRP), but it is simply known as "number coding" or, previously "color coding" (although it has nothing to do with the color of your vehicle). The UVVRP works as follows:
Cities that enforce the UVVRP prohibit cars from being driven between 7:00 am and 7:00 pm on a certain weekday on most national (primary) and secondary roads, although the implementation varies: in Metro Manila (excluding Makati and Pasay), a "window" exists between 10:00 am and 3:00 pm where the scheme is not enforced, while in Baguio, the UVVRP is only enforced in the city center, and the scheme does not apply to the rest of the city. In general, however, the UVVRP does not apply to minor streets (mostly in residential areas), and those roads remain open to coded cars the whole day. Be sure to check with a local contact or the car rental agency/hotel concierge about whether these rules will apply to your vehicle, especially as foreigners driving can become targets for less scrupulous traffic aides. By taxi[edit]
When hailing a taxi in the cities, ensure the meter is on and pay the metered fare. A tip of 10 pesos is acceptable. Also, make sure you have small denomination banknotes, as the drivers often claim not to have changed to obtain a larger tip! Please do have the coins ready with you. Moreover, don't be surprised if drivers want to bypass the meter during rush hour. (Updated April 2011) Most taxis have a flag down rate of ₱40 with every 300 meters costing ₱3.50 while Yellow cab taxis are more expensive with a flag down rate of ₱70 with each 300 meters costing ₱4.00. Application-based hailing taxis such Grab Taxi and Uber are becoming more popular and more convenient and safer options. These applications can accept cash or credit/debit options. By bus[edit]Buses are usually the cheapest way to go when it comes to traveling around the Philippines, at least from within the major islands with fares as low as ₱300-500. Provincial bus companies have scheduled trips from Manila to provinces to the north and south. Major provincial bus companies include ALPS The Bus, Inc.[49], Victory Liner[50], Philtranco[51] By boat[edit]Metro Manila[edit]Get around Manila with Pasig's Pasig Ferry Service, waterbuses are available in stations around the historical river of Pasig. Fares range from ₱25, ₱35 and ₱45. For students and youth, fares range ₱20 regardless of distance. Inter-island trips[edit]Next to buses and sometimes low-cost airlines, ferries are the cheapest modes of transport when getting around the country. Fares can be as low as ₱1,000 but sometimes as high as 3000. ferries from Manila go to Iloilo, Bacolod, Cebu, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Iligan, Ozamiz or Dipolog a trip can last a day or two.
Major ferry companies which go out of Cebu Port include:
Inter-cruises[edit]You can visit the Philippines from many countries all over the world[60] only have an interest in it. By jeep and rickshaws[edit]Jeepneys are the most known transportation to all Filipinos. They are the most affordable transport in the Philippines. Costing about ₱7 per 4 km and an additional ₱1 per km, they are by far the most affordable way to get around most major urban areas. They stop if you wave at them. The jeepney is the remnant of the Jeep used by the American troops during World War II, the innovative Filipinos modified the jeep (by lengthening the body and adding horizontal seats) to seat as many as 20 people (10 per side). Within Manila, you will find multiple Jeepneys per route, for added convenience. In the provinces, Jeepneys also connect towns and cities. For longer distances, however, buses are more comfortable. Also worthy of mention are the traysikels and the pedicabs or in other words Rickshaw; however, these may not be to the liking of most foreigners, as these are cramped and quite open to traffic. These means of transport are usually used for very short distances. Traysikels are different from Pedicabs; they are motorized while pedicabs are manually used with the help of bicycles. Fares range from ₱7 or even higher, depending on the distance of your destination. Talk[edit]
Filipino is the language spoken in the Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog regions as well as the National Capital Region (NCR) or Metro Manila. In the Northern Luzon provinces, Ilocano is the most common language spoken while Kapampangan is widespread in Central Luzon. Further south of Metro Manila lies the Bicol Region where Bicolano is used. In the Southern Islands of Visayas and Mindanao, Cebuano is the most common language spoken. Other languages in the south include Hiligaynon and Waray. English is the official language of the Philippines and is a compulsory subject in all schools, so it is widely spoken in the larger cities and main tourist areas. However, it is usually not the first language of locals. English, though, is in widespread use as many signs are printed in English and even 3 TV channels are using it on a full-time basis. Almost all broadsheet newspapers use English as well. Tourists won't have any problems using English when making inquiries at commercial and government establishments. A few simple phrases in Filipino will come in handy when traveling to rural places as English proficiency is limited there. Taglish, which involves code switching between Tagalog and English, is spoken nowadays by some urban youths. Spanish is no longer widely understood, though many Spanish words survive in the local languages. A Spanish-based Creole language known as Chavacano is spoken in Cavite and in Zamboanga. The government is trying to revive Spanish by providing Spanish in public schools as an optional language. Younger Spanish Filipinos tend to speak Filipino languages and/or English as their primary language, however, there are around 3 million people who speak Spanish plus there is a daily radio program "Filipinas Ahora Mismo" which broadcasts from Manila in Spanish. Some other ethnic groups reside in the country, particularly in more urbanized areas like Manila. The largest group is the Chinese, many of whom have assimilated into Filipino society. Take note however that since most of them come from Fujian province, they speak Hokkien (rather than Mandarin), but they are also taught Mandarin in Chinese schools. Muslim Filipinos are taught Arabic in schools to read the Qu'ran. Other groups include the Indians, Japanese, Arabs, Koreans, Americans, and Europeans who use their native language as their first language. In some cosmopolitan areas, establishments are catering to Korean speakers. Indian languages such as Hindi and Punjabi are also spoken by the Indian communities while Europeans speak their languages. See[edit]
Itineraries[edit]Do[edit]
 Hawksbill Turtle in Sabang
Buy[edit]Money[edit]The Philippine peso, symbolized locally and throughout our, Philippines guides as ₱ and internationally as PHP is the official currency and in almost all cases the only currency recognized for normal transactions. The only other currency that would be recognized in rare cases would be the US dollar, which is typically used in duty-free outlets, internet transactions, and overseas travel products sold in the Philippines. Peso bills come in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000. One peso is equivalent to 100 centavos and coins come in 5, 10, and 25 centavo variants in addition to the 1, 5, and 10 peso coins. There are 2 versions of each bill with the newer version in circulation. (albeit it is still rare to have them). The newer notes have similar colors to their old counterparts, and have the same people at the front (Except for the 500-peso note which also features former President Aquino) but rather than historical sites at the back, these newer notes feature Filipino natural wonders and species unique to the country. Money changers are not so common in the Philippines outside some heavily touristic areas. A rule of thumb: the more currency you wish to exchange, the more favorable the rates can be. Banks on the other hand are widely available to exchange currency but usually impose a minimum amount (usually around US$100) and have limited hours of operation, usually 09:00-15:00 on weekdays. The notable exceptions are the Bank of the Philippine Islands[61] (BPI) and Banco De Oro[62] (BDO) which have longer hours of operation. Don't exchange money in stalls along the streets as some of them might be exchanging your money for counterfeit money, contact Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas[63] (Central Bank of the Philippines) if you suspect the money you've been given to be counterfeit. Money changers do exist at department stores, supermarkets, and hotels, but needless to say, the rates are highly unfavorable to the customers and some will only exchange into ₱. If you need to change back into foreign currency, you need to fill out paperwork and can only exchange in certain denominations (usually $100, €100, £100). Be aware that no person is allowed to enter or leave the Philippines carrying more than ₱50,000 (since September 2016) of coins and banknotes without prior authorization by Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. Those who have not gained prior authorization will have to declare the excess money at the customs desk. However, bringing in any amount in foreign currency is legal but anything above USD10,000 (or its equivalent) must be declared. ATMs and credit cards[edit]Visitors can also use the 6,000 ATMs nationwide to withdraw funds or ask for cash advances. The three major local ATM consortia are BancNet, MegaLink and Expressnet. International networks, like PLUS and Cirrus, are accessible with many ATMs, however, Cirrus is more predominant than PLUS; however, withdrawals are limited to 10,000 pesos. only the HSBC ATMs in Manila, Cebu, and Davao let you take up to P40,000 per transaction without a 250 fee. Visitors who have MasterCard/Maestro/Cirrus cards can withdraw funds or ask for cash advances at ATMs that display their logos. The most prominent MasterCard ATMs are the Express Tellers by BPI (Bank of the Philippine Islands) and the Smartellers by Banco de Oro. PLUS ATMs are not available locally as a complement by itself, but instead, it is available along with Cirrus. Prominent examples include the Fasteller by BDO Bank and the Electronic Teller (ET) by Metrobank. Most MegaLink ATMs are linked to PLUS and Cirrus. Credit (and debit) card holders can use VISA, MasterCard, American Express, and JCB cards in many commercial locations in the Philippines but merchants usually require a minimum purchase amount before you can use your card. Cardholders of China UnionPay credit cards can get cash advances at many BancNet ATMs (particularly Metrobank) but cannot use their cards in point-of-sale transactions at the moment. Most credit card machines in stores are capable of reading chip-and-pin cards and you should be able to enter your PIN to process a transaction just as you do in your home country. However, because entering a PIN is not yet a norm in most locally-issued credit cards, merchants may nonetheless also require your signature on the transaction slip. Credit cards are generally not accepted for government-related transactions. In 2010, Philippine banks started to charge ₱250 per 10,000 per transaction for using foreign cards in their ATMs in addition to cash withdrawal and exchange fees already imposed by your bank. A notable exception is HSBC[64], which does not charge (June 2019) this fee; however, their ATMs are available only in larger cities Manila, Cebu, and Davao. Considering small transaction limits in many ATMs, this fee easily adds 2.5% to the amount withdrawn - thus, bringing in cash and exchanging it to peso in the bank generally will be cheaper (please be aware though of customs regulations). Check your home bank to see if special arrangements exist to lower withdrawal fees imposed by foreign banks. Costs[edit]Traveling in the Philippines is cheap (one of the least expensive places to visit in Asia and in the rest of the world.) For example, a stay in a Double Fan room with its own bathroom and cable TV in a Lodge or Pension house or Tourist inn could cost as low as $10 a night. an AC double room with its own bathroom and Cable TV can cost as low as $15 a night. a flight to Cebu from Manila and vice-versa can cost as low as $25 or ₱1175. or a flight from Manila to Davao and vice-versa can cost as low as $40. Transportation is as low as ₱7.00 for the first 4km in a Jeepney. a bus ride in an A.C. bus costs about 1.5 per km. 20% less for non A.c buses. Using the internet for 1 hour in an internet cafe ranges from ₱10 to ₱20 depending on the Internet Cafe's location, a can of Coke costs as low as ₱20 while a copy of the International Herald Tribune costs ₱70 and Economist as low as ₱160. In most restaurants. There is a 12% Value Added Tax (VAT) usually included in the unit price. Service charge is often excluded and computed separately but you only need to pay this for eat-in or delivery orders, not take-aways. Shopping[edit]
As stated above, living in the Philippines is cheap, and shopping there is also cheap. Sales tend to happen during pay day and last for 3 days and also during the Christmas season (in the Philippines Christmas season extends from September to the first week of January) in Department stores like SM Department Store. Cheaper items are sold at flea markets and open markets where you can bargain the price like Divisoria, Market!Market!, Greenhills in Metro Manila. Ayala Center[65] is often compared to Singapore's Orchard Rd, from Entertainment to shopping, they have it all there, located in the Financial district of Makati. Not far from Makati is Serendra, a Piazza that offers lifestyle and luxury shops and is often called the Luxury lifestyle center of Metro Manila. The piazza features modern architecture that will make you think you're somewhere near the world of Star Wars, stare, drool, and be amazed at the public art displayed there. Coffee shops and tea shops are found around this area, as well as furniture and clothing stores, and are located in Fort Bonifacio Global City, Taguig.
Be aware of import/export laws, particularly when leaving the country, as some items like food may be confiscated at the airport. If you bought a pet, be sure it has the right papers that will be accepted in your destination. It is wise to declare your souvenirs to Customs officials to avoid future trouble. The bustling urban streets of Metro Manila, have fair options of bargain centers and malls, and shop in the second and fourth largest malls of the world; SM City North EDSA and SM Mall of Asia. Eat[edit]
To experience how Filipinos eat in a budget way, Carenderias (food stalls) and Turo-turo (meaning Point-point, which means you point at the food you want to eat at the buffet table) are some of the options. Mains cost less than $1. Carenderias serve food cooked earlier and it may not always be the safest of options. As with the rest of Southeast Asia, rice is the staple food of the Philippines. Some areas in the Visayas prefer corn but elsewhere Filipinos would generally have rice for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Uncooked rice usually comes in 50kg sacks but can be bought by the kilogram at the wet market or at neighborhood rice dealers. Single servings of rice are readily available at fast food restaurants or eateries. Filipino diet[edit]The word diet is non-existent in the vocabulary of Filipinos or has never existed, as mentioned before they are laid-back people, they love to eat as much as they can as if there is no tomorrow. They spend most of their money on food, a Filipino teenager might at least enter a fast chain two or three times a week, during fiestas in a city, town, barangay, purok or subdivision Filipinos would have big parties and last from noon to midnight when some of the people would end up being drunk, you can ask if you can join a fiesta in a home and some might welcome you as this is a tradition. If you're visiting the Philippines it is the best time to cut your so-called diet and eat to your heart's content. The Filipino diet is a lot more similar to the West than the East, with Filipinos eating less vegetables, more oil, meat, and sugar than people in neighboring countries; most Filipinos aren't health conscious. Cancer and heart-related diseases are the leading causes of death here. However, if you visit rural areas they use more vegetables and less meat and practice old Filipino medicine. Etiquette[edit]Some Filipinos use a rather strict interpretation of the serving spoon rule and believe that offering utensils or food that has come into contact with someone's saliva is rude, disgusting, and will cause food to get stale quickly. Singing or having an argument while eating is considered rude, as they believe food is grasya/gracia or blessed in English; food won't come to you if you keep disrespecting it. Singing while cooking is considered taboo because it will cause you to forever be a bachelor or spinster. Conservative Filipinos share another belief with the Chinese that not finishing your food on your plate is taboo and rude; you'll often see Filipino parents scolding their children to finish their food or not they'll never achieve good academic performance. Usually, before a meal starts or before food is served, Filipinos say a prayer; wait until the host invites you to start eating. Also, it is rude to refuse food that the host has offered or to leave the dining table while someone is still eating. While eating in front of Chinese/Japanese/Korean - Filipinos, don't stick your chopsticks vertically upright into a bowl of food. Cuisine[edit]Filipinos usually serve at least one main course accompanied by rice for lunch and dinner. At times you would have two with a vegetable dish accompanying a meat dish. On special occasions such as fiestas, several main dishes would be served, a Filipino party or a Fiesta wouldn't be complete without Spaghetti, Pasta, Fruit Salad, Ice Cream, Rice, spring rolls, cake or rice cakes, and soda. Soups are also often the main course apart from being a starter. It is not uncommon for Filipinos to douse their rice with the soup and eat the meat that came with the soup. Kanin at Kakanin[edit]Kanin means Rice in Tagalog while Kakanin means Rice cakes.
Other kinds include Biko, Cuchinta, Pichi-Pichi, Sapin-Sapin, etc. The towns of Calasiao in Pangasinan and Binan, Laguna are famous for their puto. Pansit/Pancit[edit]Pancit/Pancit or Noodles, an influence from Chinese cuisine and believed to give long life because of its length, are often eaten in celebrations such as Birthdays and New Year. Below are some popular Filipino noodle dishes
Silog and pankaplog[edit]Usually eaten at breakfast, this is the Filipino version of a typical American breakfast of egg, bacon, and pancakes. Silog is an contraction of the words Sinangag(fried rice) and Itlog(egg). They are not only sold in Filipino eateries and stalls but also in restaurants and fast food chains such as McDonald's.
Ulam[edit]Ulam means Mains in Tagalog.
Western cuisine[edit]Spanish, Portuguese, Mexicans, Americans, and other European and Mediterranean people introduced their cuisine to the locals, and just like they did to the Chinese, they embraced it. While the Spanish occupied the Philippines, connections of the Mexicans and the Aztecs with the Filipinos started in the Manila-Acapulco trade, the people introduced to each other their native cuisine. American influence came during the American colonization.
Fastfood chains[edit]America's influence is palpable in the Philippines, and you'll be hard-pressed to find a mall without the requisite McDonalds, KFC, Pizza Hut, and even Taco Bell. Filipino fast food chains that capture the essence of Filipino food compete strongly for Filipino tastebuds, however, and they may be a safe place for tourists to try the local fare. The following is a list of fast food chains that have branches all around the Metro, and in many cases around the country.
Filipino-Chinese cuisine[edit]The Filipinos and Chinese traded with each other in the early times, and then the Chinese finally began settling in the Philippines and introduced their cuisine and culture, the Filipinos embraced the Chinese heritage and started adapting it in their lives including food. Most of the dishes found below are served in Chinatown and Filipino-Chinese fast food chains and eateries.
Street food[edit]Arguably Filipino street food is one of the best however it may not be as clean as the ones you find in Singapore. Street food vendors have been criticized because of their unhygienic practices as well as unhealthy options but praised by many especially the youth because of their affordability and taste, nowadays street food is also found in malls but the traditional way of street vending still hasn't died out. Items are sold for as low as P5. Street food is usually enjoyed with beer or soda, usually eaten during the afternoon till night.
Snack and baked goods[edit]
Fruits & desserts[edit]Tropical fruits abound in the Philippines. Most of the countryside produce finds its way to the metro areas and can be easily bought in supermarkets, such as: Fruits
Sweet treats
Condiments and salads[edit]
Dietary restrictions[edit]Muslims will find it hard to find Halal food outside predominantly Muslim areas in the Philippines even though the country is one of the fastest emerging markets in exporting certified halal products. Ask if there is pork in the dish before eating it. Seventh Day Adventists would possibly find some vegetarian restaurants in the Philippines, mostly lurking in the commercial, financial, and provincial capitals, and most of them use tofu instead of meat, Sanitarium products may be found in Seventh Day Adventists or Sanitarium hospitals. Hindus will find Indian restaurants that serve some vegetarian options around Metro Manila. Vegetarians and vegans will find it difficult to find a Filipino dish that is wholly vegetarian as most Filipinos love to add meat to every single dish they eat. Also, vegetarianism is often unheard of in the country and is often ridiculed. Jews will also find it hard to find Kosher meals. Drink[edit] Sunset during Happy Hour on Boracay Non-alcoholic drinks[edit]Tropical fruit drinks made from dalandan (green mandarin), suha (pomelo), pinya (pineapple), calamansi (small lime), buko (young coconut), durian, guyabano (soursop) mango, banana, watermelon, strawberry and many more are available at stands along streets, as well as at commercial establishments such as food carts inside malls. They are often served chilled with ice. Sago't Gulaman a sweet drink made of molasses, sago pearls, and seaweed gelatin, and taho, a sweet, warm snack made from sago pearls, soft tofu, and carmelized syrup, are worth trying. They are affordable and sold in stalls along streets or by vendors around the common area as well as in malls. Zagu is a shake with flavors such as strawberry and chocolate, with sago pearls. Another famous drink is 'buko juice, the juice is consumed via an inserted straw on the top of the buko or young coconut. Tea, coffee and chocolate[edit]Salabat, sometimes called ginger tea, is an iced or hot tea made from lemon grass and pandan leaves or brewed from ginger root. Kapeng barako is a famous kind of coffee in the Philippines, found in Batangas, made from coffee beans found in the cool mountains. Try the Filipino hot chocolate drink, tsokolate, made from chocolate tablets called tableas, a tradition that dates back the Spanish colonial times. Champorado isn't considered a drink by Filipinos, but it is another version of tsokolate with the difference of added rice. Records say that chocolate was introduced by the Aztecs to the Filipinos during the Manila-Acapulco trade. Alcoholic drinks[edit]The drinking age in the Philippines is 18. Metro Manila is home to many bars, watering holes, and karaoke sites. Popular places include Makati (particularly the Glorietta and Greenbelt areas), Ortigas Metrowalk, and Eastwood in Libis. Other big cities such as Cebu City and Davao also have areas where the nightlife is centered. Establishments serve the usual hard and soft drinks typical of bars elsewhere. Note that Filipinos rarely consume alcohol by itself. They would normally have what is called as "pulutan" or bar chow alongside their drinks which is like the equivalent of tapas. At the least, this would consist of mixed nuts but selections of grilled meats and seafood are not uncommon food alongside the customary drinks. When having a party, Filipinos enjoy drinking round-robin style using a common glass. One is supposed to drink bottoms-up before passing the glass to the next person. This custom is known as "tagayan" and one person usually volunteers to pour the drink. Beer is perhaps the most common form of alcohol consumed in bars. San Miguel Beer is the dominant local brand with several variants such as Light, Dry, Strong Ice, and their flagship variant Pale Pilsen. Budweiser, Heineken, and Corona can also be found in upscale bars. Rum and ginebra which is the local form of gin are commonly available forms of hard liquor. Indigenous forms of liquor are lambanog and tuba which are both derived from coconut sap. Tuba is fermented from the coconut sap and though tuba itself can be drunk, it is also distilled to take the form of lambanog. Lambanog is now being marketed widely both locally and internationally in its base form as well as in several flavored variants such as mango, bubble gum, and blueberry. Alcohol is extremely cheap in the Philippines (and one of the cheapest in the whole of Asia). For a bottle of San Miguel bought at a 7-11 or Mini-Stop, a bottle would cost about ₱30-₱40 (about US$0.65). Regular bars will offer it for ₱40-50, and even in top-end bars and clubs, a bottle would cost about ₱100-200. A bottle of 750ml Absolut Vodka at the supermarket will cost about ₱750, and a popular local rum (especially amongst knowledgeable expats) tanduay costs just below ₱70 at a 24-hour convenience store in Makati (The Financial District). Sleep[edit]Housing options for tourists include hotels, condotels, apartments, motels, inns/bed-and-breakfasts, pension houses, lodging houses, and backpacker hostels. Hotels are usually for the higher-end traveler, although hotel rates--even for four-star establishments-- are not very high compared to other international destinations. Condotels are furnished condominium units rented out for long or short-term stays, and apartments are set up for both short and long-term stays. pension houses and Lodging houses are usually more basic and economical. These all vary in terms of cleanliness, availability of air conditioning, hot water showers, cable TV, and free wifi. there are now also a lot of backpacker hostels around the Philippines with dorm beds from 200 pesos a night. Learn[edit]Many foreigners such as Europeans, Chinese, Americans, and Koreans choose to study and finish university in the Philippines because compared to other countries, Universities here are inexpensive and offer the same system the Americans apply (however most schools follow K-10, international schools follow K-12 standards), major schools such as University of the Philippines[68], De La Salle University[69], Ateneo University[70], Far Eastern University[71] and Adamson University[72] are just some of the major universities with many provincial branches in the country. The country is also a hub for people seeking to learn English mostly Chinese and Koreans, there are many English learning centers around the country predominantly around Metro Manila, Iloilo, Bacolod, Cebu, Baguio and Taguig City, as well as all significant financial, commercial and provincial capitals. It is one of the largest hubs for learning ESL in Asia. Other international schools in the Philippines are also founded and usually operated by British and other European diplomats, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and American immigrants and diplomats. Work[edit]Under Philippine law, any foreigner working must have an Alien Employment Permit issued by the Department of Labor. The paperwork is in general handled by the prospective employer and the employee picks up the relevant visa at a Philippine Embassy or Consulate. Working without a permit is not allowed and does not give you any labor protections. Furthermore, visas are checked upon departing the Philippines. Those who have overstayed without permission are subject to fines and, in certain cases, even jail. It is possible for foreigners to earn casual money while staying in the Philippines, especially in Manila and other bigger cities in the provinces. These may include temporary teaching in schools, colleges and other institutions; and working in bars and clubs. Temporary work may also be available as an "extra" on the set of a film or television series. Fluency in English is very important in jobs while knowledge of Filipino or Tagalog is considerably low. Recently as of late 2010, the Philippines has overtaken India in the call center industry, and many international companies hire English fluent workers. Most establishments pay monthly but informal jobs pay out variably either cash on hand or weekly. When working with people in the Philippines, it's important to remember that they often bring cultural influences into the workplace, and that don't always match well with your business culture. When you first meet another business person, you must address them with both their title and both their first and last name. Businesses in the Philippines are often structured as a hierarchy and it's important to note that most decisions are made from the top down. Additionally, the Filipino value of "social harmony" doesn't always allow for directness when approaching sensitive issues. Stay safe[edit]Use common sense when traveling to and around the Philippines, as with traveling to other developing nations. It is wise to have Filipino friends as they will give you genuine advice on how to get by. Although the people of these islands are generally friendly and accommodating, one must be aware of the prevalence of poverty (especially in big cities) and the things that, unfortunately, come with it. You must not flash your valuables (especially expensive smartphones) because they pose a pickpocketing threat. Carry small change and don't flash large bills. Pickpockets are common in the big cities. Manila is not a place for violent robbery, but the ativan scam (drugging you to rob you, or maybe worse) is common practice. Don't expect any reprisal from the police and must also sometimes be wary of them as they can be easily bribed and are often corrupt. Do not enter alleyways and remote areas at night. See also common scams and pickpockets.
Prostitution and drugs[edit]Prostitution is thriving but officially illegal in the Philippines, although hostess bars, massage parlors, and other opportunities abound that offer commercial sex services. EDSA and Makati in Metro Manila, and Angeles City are known hot spots for these activities. Marijuana and shabu (crystal methamphetamine) are illegal. Penalties for drugs are very harsh and resisting the police may result in death. It is HIGHLY advisable not to deal with any drugs within the Philippines If you want a high, stick to alcohol. Sex and prostitution Many Filipinas eagerly seek out well-off men, both Filipino and foreign, as boyfriends or husbands. Foreign men are nearly all rich by local standards and will usually find themselves much more in demand than they would be at home. Prostitution is illegal in the Philippines, but it is a thriving business. The country has several hundred thousand prostitutes. By no means all of those are professionals; a woman in a typical low-paid job can roughly double her income by sleeping with one or two guys a week, and some do just that on most weekends. There are periodic crackdowns on prostitution, and penalties are harsh for those who are arrested—large fines, possibly prison, and likely deportation with a ban on returning to the country. Corrupt cops may target foreigners in order to extract large bribes, and prostitutes have been known to set up their customers for such schemes or to scam their customers in other ways. Also, as anywhere, sexually transmitted diseases are a large risk. The commonest form of prostitution establishment is usually called a girlie bar or bikini bar in the Philippines, but similar places in Thailand are called go-go bars and some travelers use that term here. It is also fairly common to visit these clubs just to enjoy the show, a lot of scantily-clad dancers who compete to catch customers' eyes. Human trafficking is a serious problem in the Philippines, many people including children are victims of human and sex trafficking. In the Philippines you can see a lot of street children especially in Metro Manila. Street children are homeless children that often escaped from abusive families or caregivers. You might see children begging for food, money or do acts in favor for these items. These children's are also easy prey to gangs, human traffickers and sex tourist. Local police sometimes see them as criminals and jail them.
Homosexuality[edit]The Philippines is home to one of the largest LGBT or "bayut" communities in Asia. Gays and lesbians will be fine in the Philippines. Filipinos have their warm hospitality. Violence against gays and lesbians is rare. There are gay bars in Manila and a few cities and many online gay dating sites for meet-ups. (Planet Romeo) being the biggest. The Mindanao region, however, is less friendly toward LGBT people. It is recommended that LGBT travelers to the region avoid open displays of affection and discussion of their orientation. Terrorism and Kidnapping[edit]
Natural Disasters[edit]Due to the Philippines' proximity to the ocean and the islands, they are susceptible to typhoons, monsoons, earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanos. A tsunami can occur after an earthquake. If on or near the shoreline and you experience an earthquake expect a tsunami to impact the area. Familiarize yourself with evacuation routes. Volcanos can also cause tsunamis. Typhoons are common during parts of the year. If a typhoon is expected to hit follow local authorities instructions. Photography[edit]Do not take any photos of government buildings or military installations. Stay healthy[edit]Eating and drinking[edit]Drink the readily available bottled water. Buko (young coconut) juice is also safe if they have not added local ice to it. Be wary also of Buko juice vendors, some usually just add sugar to water. Buy and eat fruit that has not already been cut up. Cooked food from a karenderia (outdoor canteen) is okay if there is a fire under the pots and the food has been kept hot. If you must drink tap water (it is usually served/contained in a small to medium plastic bag), water in Manila, Cebu City, and other major cities, but it is recommended that you boil tap water for at least 5 minutes just to be safe. Elsewhere drink bottled water. There is always the risk of contracting amoebiasis when drinking tap water in the countryside. Also, this applies to ice that is usually put in beverages. Bottled water is best purchased from within stores and sheltered eateries. Bottled waters sold outside (by the roads) are more than likely used bottles filled with tap water, sealed then cooled. Be careful of drinking pampalamig (cold drinks like Sago't Gulaman) as some of the vendors might be using Magic Sugar(formally called Sodium Cyclamate); an artificial sweetener, that has been banned by the Philippine Government because of its adverse effects on health such as higher risk of getting cancer by consuming Magic sugar, it has been used as an alternative to ordinary sugar as it is much cheaper, call 911 (Philippine National Police) if you encounter such situation. Street food isn't so safe to consume in the Philippines, hygienic standards aren't enforced much. It is better to eat street food as well as pampalamig inside malls and shopping centers than in the streets as stalls in malls and shopping centers have better enforcement of cleanliness. Diseases[edit]CDC[73] advises that risk of malaria exists in areas below 600 meters, except for the provinces of Aklan, Bilaran, Bohol, Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cebu, Guimaras, Iloilo, Leyte, Masbate, northern Samar, Siquijor, and Metro Manila. Chloroquine is no longer a recommended malaria preventative for anywhere in the Philippines. In general, malaria is not common in the Philippines compared to Africa and the rest of mainland Southeast Asia, and around half of the c. 40,000 annual cases are in a couple of discrete locations. Dengue fever is common in the Philippines and cases rise every year, so it is advisable to apply anti-mosquito repellents and wear long-sleeved clothes whenever possible. Rabies is also common among street animals in the country, so get a vaccination for rabies if you haven't already, and if you're traveling with children, vaccinate them as soon as possible as they are at high risk of getting rabies because they tend to play more with animals. Hepatitis A and B is a high risk in the country. Get a vaccine if you haven't had one, as you can contract hepatitis through exposure to contaminated food or water, sexual contact, or contact with the blood of infected people. If you plan to visit rural farming areas, Japanese encephalitis is common, and vaccination is recommended. Avoid swimming in freshwater areas where you will have high risks of getting schistosomiasis (unless they are chlorinated). Leptospirosis is often contracted from recreational water activities, such as kayaking, in contaminated water. Also please note that tuberculosis is very common in the countryside, so try to avoid individuals who cough or look weak and be careful about staying too long in villages that may be high in contagious people. you can buy low-cost anti-diarrheal drugs in the Philippines, as unsanitary conditions present a high risk for traveler's diarrhea. Gatorade or other "sports drinks" might relieve you from fluid loss. Drink bottled liquids if you are unsure of the water, and always wash your hands. HIV[edit]Over the last five years, the rate of new HIV cases in the Philippines has been going up fast as more people have been taking an HIV test. there are now 90 HIV treatment Hubs around the Philippines that provide free Antiretroviral drugs. Other sexually transmitted diseases are more common than HIV. Cope[edit]Students & Senior discounts[edit]Get discounts on buses, and ferries up to 20% and on any entrance tickets. Students need to show their student card, even if not the ISIC one. Seniors need to show they are over 60 years old. (Seniors can also get 20% off hotels and Restaurants). Electricity[edit]See also: Travel topics - Electrical systems Most of the Philippines is 220 Volt 60Hz mixed with the American and European plug. There is sometimes a ground in some areas. Americans will need a step-down transformer. It's best also to bring such items that work universally such as those electronics marked with a 100V-240V 50/60hz compatibility to avoid voltage concerns. The 3-phase voltage is 380v. Downtown Baguio (northern Luzon) uses 110 V, and is also 60 Hz. This doesn't extend beyond the center of the city. The airport, for example, is 220V. If staying in the Baguio area, always ask first! If your equipment is 100-127V, merely crossing a street corner can cause it to be damaged or even catch fire. There are no signs in Baguio indicating where 110V ends and 220V begins. During drought seasons (March to May), most of the power plants are hydroelectric (as stated above in the climate section), regular blackouts happen during this time, ask if your hotel owns a generator. Television and video[edit]Television and Video is in NTSC. Region Coded DVDs are Region 3 (Southeast Asia), though virtually all Filipino movies are region-free. Major Networks that operate are - ABS-CBN, GMA, and TV5, all operate in Filipino, and all compete for ratings making network wars part of Filipino culture from the corner of the street to your hotel reservations desk there would always be an argument about which stations airs the best telenovelas (TV Drama Series). The three major stations air TV Series to Newscasts. ABS-CBN and GMA have regional substations that operate in their major regional languages. ETC, which operates in English except for Filipino, airs Foreign TV Series in English as well as franchised TV shows like Project Runway while Chase purely airs in English and its content is just Foreign TV Series in English. Studio 23 is ABS-CBN's free-to-air channel which targets sports fanatics and the young population. All 6 Channels operate free-to-air, and most of the channels that operate purely on English are available on Cable TV alone - SkyCable and Global Destiny Cable are the best-known cable operators in the country while Dream is the country's sole satellite TV operator. Almost all hotels and major commercial centers have cable or satellite TV. Channels such as BBC, CNN, and Bloomberg. ABS-CBN's News Channel, ANC, provides 24/7 news headlines, updates, and travel, business, and lifestyle programs, almost always in English except for the early morning news show originating from ABS-CBN. Embassies and Consulates[edit]Several embassies and consulates are open in the Philippines, for a full detailed list of embassies visit the website[74]. Respect[edit]A little courtesy goes a long way. Filipinos are a very friendly and hospitable people, sometimes even to a fault. Take the time to smile and say "thank you", and you'll receive much better responses. You will receive an even better response if you throw in a little Tagalog, such as "salamat", which means "thank you". When talking to people who are usually old enough to be your parents or grandparents in Filipino, it is greatly appreciated to include po in your sentences such as salamat po, though it is also commonly used in formal situations between age peers and brings out the smiles. Older persons call them also by Tito (Uncle), Tita (Aunt), Manong (Mr.) Manang (Mrs./Ms.), Ate (older sister) or Kuya (older brother) (words used to address people older than the speaker but not old enough to be an aunt or uncle. Older speakers will tend to use "manong" and "manang" instead) with their name, it is mean to call older people with their names. If you are having a conflict, stay relaxed, make a joke, and smile. Getting angry or standing on your stripes will not bring you far, and you will lose respect. In the countryside and some urban homes, footwear is removed when entering a home, though they may make an exception for foreigners. The key is to look around before entering any home. If you see footwear just outside the door, more than likely the family's practice is to remove footwear before entering. If you wear socks, you don't have to remove them. Although many Filipinos might not be able to afford tipping service workers, tipping is always accepted. Tips are customary, and in some instances, mandatory in the more high-end environments such as hotels and major restaurants. Political topics[edit]Keep in mind that the Marcos years (1965-1986) can be a polarizing topic within the Philippines. Visitors will find that the northern Ilokano Population views the regime as an era of stability, while metropolitan areas in the Bicol region take pride in the "EDSA" Revolution (Note: The Bicolanos are left-leaning, while the Ilokanos are conservative). Either way, it is best to assess the speaker's opinion before approaching the topic. Please note the Duterte Drug War (2016-Present) is also a highly sensitive topic. Contact[edit]The country code for the Philippines is 63. The area code for Metro Manila is 2. To make an overseas call, include the prefix 00.
The cheapest way to call to and from the Philippines is by using Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP), there are several licensed VoIP providers in the Philippines. One of the most popular is Vodini Telecom [75]. Newspapers[edit]English newspapers are available throughout the country and there are also some Japanese and Chinese language options. The Daily Tribune [76], Malaya [77], Manila Standard [78], Manila Bulletin [79], Business World [80], Philippine Daily Inquirer [81] and Visayan Daily Star [82] are some of the English newspapers. Mobile phones[edit]Two major companies are operating GSM 900/1800 networks: Globe[83], and Smart[84]. Your home provider at home should have agreements with one of these providers so check with them before leaving home. Roaming may be quite expensive just as elsewhere however, pre-paid SIM cards of these networks are easy to acquire and cost as little as ₱30 and provide a cheaper alternative. If your unit is locked to your home service provider, cellphone repair shops in various malls have ways of unlocking (the typical fee to unlock is ₱300 for relatively old basic phones but can go as high as ₱2,000 for high-end smartphones). If you don't have a phone to begin with, a complete pre-paid kit with phone and SIM can be purchased for as little as ₱1,500. Phones that come with these sorts of deals are usually locked to a local network provider, and you would need to have them unlocked before leaving if you plan on using them elsewhere. GSM mobile phones are in wide use all over the country. 3G-4G technology is available through Globe and Smart but is poorly implemented and often not properly operational especially outside urban areas. In most urban locations and many resorts, cell phone service will be available. The usual cost of an international long-distance call to the United States, Canada, Hong Kong, Singapore, Europe, or other major countries is US$0.40 per minute (converted to ₱ at the prevailing rate). Local calls range from ₱ 6.50 to 7.50 per minute for prepaid calls (a new law was passed that will eventually require per pulse, i.e. rates per 6-second charging) but unlike other countries, you won't be charged for incoming calls. Take note that ringing a user in the same network as you (as well as affiliate networks) will cost less than ringing a user on a different or unaffiliated network. Text messages typically cost as low as ₱1 and the Philippines is usually tagged as the "texting capital of the world". International SMS is charged at a higher rate of between ₱15-25. Bundles for cheaper/unlimited calls, SMS, and/or mobile data offered by the networks are available; but for call packages, the lower-cost minutes are almost always allocated to those made to parties within the same network and their affiliates. Affiliate networks of SMART include Talk 'N Text and Sun Cellular, its parent company PLDT. whilst Globe, its main affiliate is Touch Mobile. To help you identify the network the other party is using for purposes of estimating costs, please refer to the following table when you can get two GB of data for p90 with Globe or p99 with Smart good for 7 days.
Reloading (known in other countries as recharge/recharge or top-up/topping-up) pre-paid SIMs is a breeze. Electronic Load (E-Load) stations are everywhere from small corner stores to large malls where you just give your mobile phone number and the amount you wish to load (Globe, Smart, and Sun each have their load denominations to choose from for E-loading). If you have a friend using the same mobile operator as you, you can load as little as a few pesos by letting him/her pass on some of his/her load to you and if you need hundreds of pesos worth of load, you can purchase pre-paid cards which are available in denominations of ₱100, ₱300 and ₱500 (approximately US$2.20, US$7 and 12 respectively). Due to the wide use of mobile phones, pay phones are no longer around. Internet[edit]Internet access areas of broadband speeds are plentiful in city malls, much less so outside the cities, but are growing at a rapid pace. Internet surfing rates depend primarily on where you surf and the medium used (e.g. WiFi or wired). Internet services offered by hotels and shopping malls are expensive and can go up to ₱200/hour (approximately US$5) but neighborhood cafes can be as cheap as ₱15/hour (approximately US$0.35). Public place WiFi services in the Philippines are provided by Airborneaccess.net and WiZ is likely to cost ₱100 (approximately US$2) for up to an hour. But if you want cheaper, there is an internet cafe chain in SM malls called, "Netopia", that has a landline internet connection for around 20P an hour (about 0.46 US). Coffee shops like Starbucks[85] and Seattle's Best[86] as well as malls usually carry Wi-Fi service, some of which are free to use. Certain areas may also carry free WiFi. The SM chain of malls offers free Wifi, so you can sit virtually anywhere in the mall and access free wireless. In addition, you may want to consider buying a mobile broadband modem starting at ₱995 where service is also provided by Globe, Smart, or Sun. Mobile broadband signals vary depending on available infrastructure in your particular location, but in general Smart has the largest network in the country, followed by Globe, and then Sun. It takes up to 24 hours for the internet to be available on a new SIM card. Mobile broadband comes both in postpaid and prepaid variants. To buy a modem and subscription you will have to go to one of the larger cities - the small shops that sell cell phones and sim cards aren't able to sell mobile broadband. "Loads" often cost just P20 (approximately USD0.45) an hour for most mobile internet modems. However, service is usually slower during certain times especially in the evening--due to a high volume of people surfing. Even with a fast broadband dongle, service is guaranteed to slow down to a standstill. Mail[edit]Apart from the Philippine postal service, FedEx, UPS, and DHL courier services are also available. Local couriers such as LBC and Aboitiz are also available. Postal mail from abroad is often "lost", so don't send anything valuable.
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