Unit 8 Personality FRQs
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PART A: Nadina is struggling to decide whether to buy a new sweater that she really cannot afford. What role would each of the three parts of her personality (as theorized by Freud) play in her decision?
PART B: Describe the three conditions that Carl Rogers believed were necessary for a growth-promoting climate.
PART B: Describe the three conditions that Carl Rogers believed were necessary for a growth-promoting climate.
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PART A: Nadina is struggling to decide whether to buy a new sweater that she really cannot afford. What role would each of the three parts of her personality (as theorized by Freud) play in her decision?
PART B: Describe the three conditions that Carl Rogers believed were necessary for a growth-promoting climate.
PART B: Describe the three conditions that Carl Rogers believed were necessary for a growth-promoting climate.
PART A -
The id is the pleasure-seeking part of the personality that would desire the sweater no matter what.
The superego is Nadina's conscience and would probably cause Nadina to feel guilty for spending money on something she cannot afford.
The ego is the personality's executive that must make the final decision about the sweater. The ego must balance the desires of the id with the demands of the superego and the realities of the external world.
PART B-
Genuineness, where people are open with their feelings.
Acceptance, which includes unconditional positive regard, where people are accepted despite their faults and failures.
Empathy, where the therapist shares and mirrors the feelings of others.
The id is the pleasure-seeking part of the personality that would desire the sweater no matter what.
The superego is Nadina's conscience and would probably cause Nadina to feel guilty for spending money on something she cannot afford.
The ego is the personality's executive that must make the final decision about the sweater. The ego must balance the desires of the id with the demands of the superego and the realities of the external world.
PART B-
Genuineness, where people are open with their feelings.
Acceptance, which includes unconditional positive regard, where people are accepted despite their faults and failures.
Empathy, where the therapist shares and mirrors the feelings of others.
One important difference between psychological perspectives on personality involves how each perspective tries to measure personality. Briefly explain how each of the following perspectives views personality measurement, using appropriate psychological terminology.
•Psychodynamic perspective
•Humanistic perspective
•Trait theorists
•Psychodynamic perspective
•Humanistic perspective
•Trait theorists
The psychodynamic perspective views the goal of personality measurement as revealing the unconscious conflicts and impulses that drive and create our personality. Projective tests (such as the TAT or Rorschach test) are used to allow individuals to "project" their unconscious desires and impulses on to the test so that they are revealed to the therapist and client.
Humanistic theorists are skeptical about attempts to measure personality. They view personality tests and other attempts at measuring and quantifying personality as potentially depersonalizing, reducing the complexity of a person to one of a few generalized categories.
Trait theorists attempt to measure personality through personality inventories, such as the MMPI. They are most interested in knowing where a person fits on each of the Big Five personality factors.
Humanistic theorists are skeptical about attempts to measure personality. They view personality tests and other attempts at measuring and quantifying personality as potentially depersonalizing, reducing the complexity of a person to one of a few generalized categories.
Trait theorists attempt to measure personality through personality inventories, such as the MMPI. They are most interested in knowing where a person fits on each of the Big Five personality factors.
1.Alejandro has joined an online dating service in an attempt to meet some new people. He met a woman named Sakura through the website and agreed to go out on a date with her because they have many things in common.
Explain how the following concepts could relate to Alejandro's and Sakura's date:
•Self-concept
•Self-efficacy
•Extraversion/introversion
•Spotlight effect
Explain how the following concepts could relate to Alejandro's and Sakura's date:
•Self-concept
•Self-efficacy
•Extraversion/introversion
•Spotlight effect
Our self-concept is our thoughts and feelings about who we are. If Alejandro and Sakura each have a positive self-concept, then they will view the world, and potentially their date, in a positive manner. This might cause them to overlook their own minor flaws because of the confidence they have in themselves.
Self-efficacy is our sense of competence and effectiveness. If Alejandro and Sakura approach the date with the expectation that each of them has the ability to make the date go well, then it is more likely that this will happen.
If either Alejandro or Sakura is introverted, then he or she may be more reserved and not as sociable on the date. One of them may want to end the date early because he or she is worn out by the social activity, making the other person upset.
The spotlight effect occurs when we overestimate how much others notice things about us. If Alejandro or Sakura is self-conscious about something, such as a shirt stain, then he or she may think that the other is focused on that and not on what else happens on the date. This could cause each of them to not enjoy the date as much as possible because he or she is so concerned about what the other is thinking about the stain, a stain that the other person probably does not even notice.
Self-efficacy is our sense of competence and effectiveness. If Alejandro and Sakura approach the date with the expectation that each of them has the ability to make the date go well, then it is more likely that this will happen.
If either Alejandro or Sakura is introverted, then he or she may be more reserved and not as sociable on the date. One of them may want to end the date early because he or she is worn out by the social activity, making the other person upset.
The spotlight effect occurs when we overestimate how much others notice things about us. If Alejandro or Sakura is self-conscious about something, such as a shirt stain, then he or she may think that the other is focused on that and not on what else happens on the date. This could cause each of them to not enjoy the date as much as possible because he or she is so concerned about what the other is thinking about the stain, a stain that the other person probably does not even notice.
1.Maylin has a negative attitude and is disrespectful to her peers. She is unhappy at work and has not been performing at her job as well as in the past. Unfortunately, Maylin blames her co-workers for mistakes that have been made and feels as if the world is against her.
A.Explain how each of the following psychological concepts might explain Maylin's negative or unpleasant behavior.
•Self-serving bias
•Displacement
B.Explain how each of the following psychological concepts might help Maylin become more positive in her daily life.
•Self-actualization
•Sublimation
•Unconditional positive regard
A.Explain how each of the following psychological concepts might explain Maylin's negative or unpleasant behavior.
•Self-serving bias
•Displacement
B.Explain how each of the following psychological concepts might help Maylin become more positive in her daily life.
•Self-actualization
•Sublimation
•Unconditional positive regard
PART A-
Self-serving bias: Maylin views herself favorably and does not identify the flaws that she may be accountable for.
Displacement: Maylin is taking her anger out on her co-workers. She is disrespectful toward them, instead of toward the person she may truly be angry with, such as her boss. She may be using displacement, directing her aggression or unhappiness on less threatening people.
PART B-
Self-actualization: According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization means reaching one's highest potential. Maylin could aspire to reach self-actualization, focusing on being the best person she can be. This may help her become more positive in her life
Sublimation: Sublimation is a defense mechanism by which people rechannel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities. Maylin could sublimate her unpleasant or negative feelings and do something positive, such as taking up a new hobby. She could go running or start gardening. These new activities might help her become more positive in her life.
Unconditional positive regard: According to Carl Rogers, unconditional positive regard is an attitude of total acceptance toward others. Maylin could start to accept her co-workers for their flaws and mistakes. This attitude might help her become more positive and more pleasant toward others in her personal life.
Self-serving bias: Maylin views herself favorably and does not identify the flaws that she may be accountable for.
Displacement: Maylin is taking her anger out on her co-workers. She is disrespectful toward them, instead of toward the person she may truly be angry with, such as her boss. She may be using displacement, directing her aggression or unhappiness on less threatening people.
PART B-
Self-actualization: According to Abraham Maslow, self-actualization means reaching one's highest potential. Maylin could aspire to reach self-actualization, focusing on being the best person she can be. This may help her become more positive in her life
Sublimation: Sublimation is a defense mechanism by which people rechannel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities. Maylin could sublimate her unpleasant or negative feelings and do something positive, such as taking up a new hobby. She could go running or start gardening. These new activities might help her become more positive in her life.
Unconditional positive regard: According to Carl Rogers, unconditional positive regard is an attitude of total acceptance toward others. Maylin could start to accept her co-workers for their flaws and mistakes. This attitude might help her become more positive and more pleasant toward others in her personal life.