List of military alliances
This is the list of military alliances. A military alliance is a formal agreement between two or more parties concerning national security in which the contracting parties agree to mutual protection and support in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, which are formed for a crisis that already exists. Numerous forms of military and defensive alliances have existed between states since early human history. This is a comprehensive list of the most important alliances.
Legend[edit]
| Legend | |
|---|---|
| Active military alliances | |
Before AD 1200[edit]
| Years | Name | Members |
|---|---|---|
| c. 7th century–338 BC | Latin League | About 30 villages and tribes in the region of Latium |
| c. 6th century–338 BC | Peloponnesian League | Various city-states in the Peloponnese, dominated by Sparta |
| 493 BC | Foedus Cassianum | Roman Republic Latin League |
| 478–404 BC | Delian League | See Members of the Delian League |
| 215 BC | Macedonian–Carthaginian Treaty | Macedonia Carthage |
| 433–554 | Silla-Baekje Alliance |  Silla Baekje
|
| 1123 | Pactum Warmundi |  Kingdom of Jerusalem Republic of Venice
|
| 1167–1250 | Lombard League | Numerous cities in medieval Lombardy, modern Northern Italy |
1200–1699[edit]
1700–1899[edit]
1900–1999[edit]
2000–present[edit]
Proposed alliances[edit]
| Name and description | Countries |
|---|---|
| CANZUK is a proposed alliance between four Commonwealth realms. |  Australia Canada New Zealand United Kingdom
|
| United States–Israel Strategic Partnership is a proposal to make a formal alliance between the United States and Israel |  Israel United States
|
| France–Japan Reciprocal Access Agreement is currently being negotiated to finalize a formal alliance between Japan and France.[46] |  France Japan
|
| EU–UK Mutual Defence Agreement is a proposal, most notably from the Labour Party, to sign a formal alliance between the EU and the UK.[47] |  European Union United Kingdom
|
| Japan–Philippines Reciprocal Access Agreement has been in negotiations due to rising political tensions in the Pacific.[48][49] | Japan Philippines
|
| South Korea–Japan Defense Pact[50] is a proposed alliance between South Korea and Japan in response to increased aggression from North Korea. | Japan South Korea
|
| Mauritius–United Kingdom Defence Agreement is a proposal to sign a military alliance between Mauritius and the UK as part of an effort to resolve the Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute.[51] |  Mauritius United Kingdom
|
| Japan–Philippines–United States trilateral alliance is currently being negotiated in response to increased military build-up by China.[52] | Japan Philippines United States
|
| France–Philippines Visiting Forces Agreement is being negotiated.[53] | France Philippines
|
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ See also Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
- ^ Austro-Russian alliance broke off on 1853.
- ^ See also Lancaster House Treaties
- ^ Effectively ended in 1943
- ^ (Two days only)
- ^ See also Treaty of Brussels
- ^ See also North Atlantic Treaty
- ^ See also Common Security and Defence Policy
- ^ See also Shusha Declaration
References[edit]
- ^ Treaty of Alliance wikimedia.org
- ^ "United Kingdom And Ceylon (Defence Agreement) - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Barnes, Robert (2022). "'In the Mutual Interest': The Making and Breaking of the United Kingdom-Ceylon Defence Agreement, 1947–1957". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 50 (6): 1093–1122. doi:10.1080/03086534.2022.2084932. S2CID 249944469.
- ^ SOU 1994:11 Om kriget kommit... Förberedelser för mottagande av militärt bistånd 1949–1969
- ^ "Technical Difficulties".
- ^ Marco Wyss Marco Wyss (22 April 2021). "The Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement | Postcolonial Security: Britain, France, and West Africa's Cold War | Oxford Academic". Academic.oup.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "Anglo-Maltese Defence Agreement - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Wall, Michael (31 May 2019). "Hussein and Nasser sign defence agreement - archive, 1967 | Middle East and north Africa". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "MAURITIUS - UNITED KINGDOM Agreement on Mutual Defence and Assistance". The National Archives. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ Houbert, Jean (8 November 2008). "Mauritius: Independence and Dependence". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 19: 75–105. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00054136. S2CID 154753371. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
- ^ "TEU 42.7: "If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States."". The Treaty on European Union. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "The United States and Greece: United by Democratic Values, Advancing Shared Goals for Peace and Prosperity". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ Sabbagh, Dan; Defence, Dan Sabbagh (28 November 2021). "Britain and Israel to sign trade and defence deal | Trade policy". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Millis, Joe (7 December 2020). "UK and Israel sign agreement on military cooperation". Jewish News. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Jordan (21-317) – Defense Cooperation Agreement state.gov
- ^ "Ukraine, UK, Poland announce security pact amid heightened tensions". 17 February 2022.
- ^ a b "The State Duma ratified Treaties of Friendship with the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics". 22 February 2022.
- ^ a b "Russia now has right to build military bases in eastern Ukraine - treaties". Reuters. 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Solomon Islands signs China pact, defying Australia". Taipei Times. 20 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
- ^ Kim, Patricia M. (6 May 2022). "Does the China-Solomon Islands security pact portend a more interventionist Beijing?". Brookings Institution.
- ^ "UK-Sweden Political Declaration of Solidarity". GOV.UK. 11 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Sweden, Finland Sign Defense Treaty with the U.K. Ahead of Joining NATO". National Review. 11 May 2022.
- ^ "UNITED KINGDOM - FINLAND STATEMENT HELSINKI, 11 MAY 2022" (PDF). GOV.UK. 11 May 2022.
- ^ "Oman, UK sign mutual defence agreement". Times of Oman. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "Iraq-Jordan-Egypt Entente Moves Ahead Despite the GCC's Shadow". Arab Center Washington DC. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "UK, Japan sign defense deal amid rising concern about China". ABC News. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "UK and Greece seek strengthened Defence partnership". GOV.UK. 7 February 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "UK, Greece Seek Strengthened Defence Partnership". Greek City Times. 8 February 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ "US and Papua New Guinea sign pact amid Pacific militarisation concerns". The Guardian. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ^ "US, Papua New Guinea sign defence agreement as Modi pledges support for Pacific Islands". Reuters. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
- ^ "Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso Sign Sahel Security Pact". Voice of America. Reuters. 16 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
- ^ "What's Next for the South Korea-UK Relationship?". The Diplomat. 7 December 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ^ https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/nato-member-sweden-us-sign-defense-deal-strengthens-105413931
- ^ "Secretary Antony J. Blinken at the Defense Cooperation Agreement Signing Ceremony".
- ^ "Denmark, U.S. reach defence agreement". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ "Rishi Sunak announces UK military aid to Ukraine will increase to £2.5bn". Financial Times. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
- ^ "Ukraine and Britain sign security agreement in Kyiv". Reuters. 12 January 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
- ^ a b "Ukraine Gets Long-Term German and French Security Guarantees". Bloomberg. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
- ^ "Denmark signs 10-year security agreement with Ukraine". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ "Ukraine and Italy sign bilateral security agreement, Zelenskiy says". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ "Italy, Canada sign bilateral security agreements with Ukraine". Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ "Armenian, French Defense Ministers sign a number of agreements".
- ^ "Armenia and France ink new defense co-op agreements".
- ^ Salerno-Garthwaite, Andrew (26 February 2024). "Ukraine and Netherlands sign 10-year security agreement". Airforce Technology. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ "Australia and Britain sign defence pact in face of rising Chinese power". Financial Times. 21 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ "Japan, France Vow to Enhance Defense Cooperation at 2-Plus-2 Talks". 21 January 2022.
- ^ "Lammy at em securing a security pact with Europe". 1 February 2023.
- ^ "Japan, Philippines on verge of VFA defense pact". Asia Times. 18 August 2023.
- ^ "Philippines' Marcos open to a troop pact with Japan". Reuters. 13 February 2023.
- ^ "S. Korea looks to revive military pact with Japan upon thaw". Koreaherald.com. 9 March 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Scott, David (7 June 2018). "Britain Returns to the Indian Ocean?". The Round Table. 107 (3): 307–316. doi:10.1080/00358533.2018.1476096. S2CID 158788448.
- ^ Heydarian, Richard Javad (6 April 2023). "The Japan–Philippine–U.S. Trilateral alliance in the making". The Japan Times.
- ^ Cabalza, Dexter (3 December 2023). "PH, France eye VFA, deeper defense ties". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 4 December 2023.