Kevin Cramer

Kevin Cramer (Republican Party) is a member of the U.S. Senate from North Dakota. He assumed office on January 3, 2019. His current term ends on January 3, 2025.

Cramer (Republican Party) is running for re-election to the U.S. Senate to represent North Dakota. He is on the ballot in the Republican primary on June 11, 2024.^{[sources: 1, 2]}

He defeated the incumbent, Heidi Heitkamp (D), with 55.1 percent of the vote.

As of a 2014 analysis of multiple outside rankings, Cramer is an average Republican member of Congress, meaning he will vote with the Republican Party on the majority of bills. Click here to read about key votes made by Cramer.

Prior to serving in the U.S. Senate, Cramer served as chair of the North Dakota Republican Party, state tourism director, and state economic development and finance director.^[1] He also worked as a nonprofit executive director. Cramer served as a member of the North Dakota Public Service Commission from 2003 to 2012 and represented North Dakota's At-Large Congressional District in the U.S. House from 2013 to 2019. He previously ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. House seat in 1996, 1998, and 2010.^[2]

Biography

Cramer was born and raised in Kindred, North Dakota. During his high school years, he worked at an electrical co-op with his father. When he graduated, he attended Concordia College, a Lutheran school. He worked on political campaigns after college and by 30 was the youngest state party chair in North Dakota's history. He held numerous state offices and lost elections to the At-Large District three times before winning in 2012.^[3]

Career

Below is an abbreviated outline of Cramer's academic, professional, and political career:^[3]

2019-Present: U.S. Senator from North Dakota
2013-2019: U.S. Representative from North Dakota's At-Large Congressional District
2003-2012: North Dakota Public Service Commission
2003: Earned M.S. from University of Mary
2001-2003: Director, Harold Schafer Leadership Foundation
1993-1997: Director, North Dakota tourism
1991-1993: Chair, North Dakota Republican Party
1979-1983: Earned B.A. from Concordia College

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate

2023-2024

Cramer was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2021-2022

Cramer was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

2019-2020

Cramer was assigned to the following committees:^[Source]

U.S. House

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Cramer was assigned to the following committees:^[4]

Committee on Energy and Commerce

2015-2016

Cramer served on the following committees:^[5]

Energy and Commerce Committee

2013-2014

Cramer served on the following committees:^[6]

Committee on Natural Resources
- Subcommittee on Indian and Alaska Native Affairs
- Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources
- Subcommittee on Public Lands and Environmental Regulation
United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
- Subcommittee on Energy
- Subcommittee on Oversight Vice Chairman

Elections

2024

General election

The primary will occur on June 11, 2024. The general election will occur on November 5, 2024. Additional general election candidates will be added here following the primary.

General election for U.S. Senate North Dakota

Kristin Hedger is running in the general election for U.S. Senate North Dakota on November 5, 2024.

		Candidate
		Kristin Hedger (Independent)

	There are no incumbents in this race.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. Senate North Dakota

Katrina Christiansen is running in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate North Dakota on June 11, 2024.

		Candidate
		Katrina Christiansen

	There are no incumbents in this race.
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Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. Senate North Dakota

Incumbent Kevin Cramer is running in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate North Dakota on June 11, 2024.

		Candidate
		Kevin Cramer

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined.
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Endorsements

Cramer received the following endorsements. To send us additional endorsements, click here.

Former President Donald Trump (R)

Pledges

Cramer signed the following pledges. To send us additional pledges, click here.

Taxpayer Protection Pledge, Americans for Tax Reform

2018

See also: United States Senate election in North Dakota, 2018

See also: United States Senate election in North Dakota (June 12, 2018 Republican primary)

General election

General election for U.S. Senate North Dakota

Kevin Cramer defeated incumbent Heidi Heitkamp in the general election for U.S. Senate North Dakota on November 6, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Kevin Cramer (R)	55.1	179,720
	Heidi Heitkamp (D)	44.3	144,376
	Other/Write-in votes	0.6	2,042

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source	Total votes: 326,138 (100.00% precincts reporting)
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Democratic primary election

Democratic primary for U.S. Senate North Dakota

Incumbent Heidi Heitkamp advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate North Dakota on June 12, 2018.

		Candidate	%	Votes
✔		Heidi Heitkamp	100.0	36,729

	Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 36,729
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Dustin David Peyer (D)

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. Senate North Dakota

Kevin Cramer defeated Thomas O'Neill in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate North Dakota on June 12, 2018.

	Candidate	%	Votes
✔	Kevin Cramer	87.9	61,529
	Thomas O'Neill	12.1	8,509

	There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified.	Total votes: 70,038
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Gary Emineth (R)

2016

See also: North Dakota's At-Large Congressional District election, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated this race as safely Republican. Incumbent Kevin Cramer (R) defeated Chase Iron Eyes (D) and Jack Seaman (L) in the general election on November 8, 2016. No candidate faced a primary opponent in June.^[7]

**U.S. House, North Dakota's At-Large District General Election, 2016**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Kevin Cramer Incumbent	69.1%	233,980
	Democratic	Chase Iron Eyes	23.7%	80,377
	Libertarian	Jack Seaman	7%	23,528
	N/A	Write-in	0.2%	574
Total Votes				338,459
Source: North Dakota Secretary of State

2014

See also: North Dakota's At-Large Congressional District elections, 2014

**U.S. House, North Dakota's At-Large District General Election, 2014**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Kevin Cramer Incumbent	55.5%	138,100
	Democratic	George B. Sinner	38.5%	95,678
	Libertarian	Jack Seaman	5.8%	14,531
	Write-in	Write-in candidates	0.1%	361
Total Votes				248,670
Source: North Dakota Secretary of State

2012

See also: United States House of Representatives elections in North Dakota, 2012

**U.S. House, North Dakota At-Large District General Election, 2012**
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Democratic	Pam Gulleson	41.7%	131,870
	Republican	Kevin Cramer	54.9%	173,585
	Libertarian	Eric Olson	3.2%	10,261
	Write In	N/A	0.2%	508
Total Votes				316,224
Source: North Dakota Secretary of State "Official Election Results, 2012 General Election"

**North Dakota's At-Large Congressional District Republican Primary, 2012**
Candidate	Vote %	Votes
Kevin Cramer	54.5%	54,405
Brian Kalk	45.5%	45,415
Total Votes		99,820

2010

On November 2, 2010, Kevin Cramer won election to the office of North Dakota Public Service Commission. He defeated Brad Crabtree (D) and Joshua Voytek (L) in the general election.

North Dakota Public Service Commission, 2010
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Kevin Cramer Incumbent	61.5%	142,644
	Democratic	Brad Crabtree	34.9%	81,011
	Libertarian	Joshua Voytek	3.6%	8,315
	Write-In	Various	0.1%	144
Total Votes				232,114
Election results via North Dakota Secretary of State.

2004

On November 2, 2004, Kevin Cramer won re-election to the office of North Dakota Public Service Commission. He defeated Ron Gumeringer (D-NPL) in the general election.

North Dakota Public Service Commission, 2004
Party		Candidate	Vote %	Votes
	Republican	Kevin Cramer Incumbent	65.5%	191,825
	Democratic	Ron Gumeringer	34.5%	101,081
Total Votes				292,906
Election results via North Dakota Secretary of State.

Campaign themes

2024

Ballotpedia survey responses

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You can ask Kevin Cramer to fill out this survey by using the buttons below or emailing kris@kevincramer.org.

2018

Campaign website

The following were found on Cramer's 2018 campaign website.

“

Tax cuts good for North Dakota
I've always stood in support of pro-growth economic policies that empower taxpayers and get the government out of the way and out of your pocket. That’s why I voted for the Tax Cuts & Jobs Act in 2017. Thousands of North Dakotans are benefiting from the tax cuts which gave 90 percent of North Dakota taxpayers more money in their paychecks, provided businesses with the certainty they needed to create new jobs, and offered families the economic relief they deserve. The results of the tax cut have been stunning. In May, our nation’s unemployment rate hit its lowest point in 18 years and the U.S. economy added 223,000 new jobs. This is what a pro-growth agenda delivers!

National Security
I believe America leads best when it leads from a position of strength. Our enemies must know our resolve is ironclad and we will not back down in the face of aggression or terror. For these reasons, I support holding Iran accountable and doing what it takes to prevent the Ayatollah and his regime from acquiring nuclear weapons and threatening our country and our allies. I support the actions of the administration regarding Syria, using punitive, surgical strikes when necessary to demonstrate that America will not stand idly by when chemical weapons of mass murder are unleashed on innocent civilians. I support a tough approach to the Kim regime in North Korea that leads to conclusive denuclearization. All options must be on the table to ensure the stability of the Indo-Pacific region for our many allies there, as well as its status as a major commercial corridor. Beyond this, ensuring our homeland's own national security is our most important responsibility in government. That's why I support enhanced vetting, to make sure bad actors and security threats are not allowed access into to the United States.

Regulatory reform creates job and economic growth
I continue to enthusiastically push for rollback of onerous federal regulations that duplicate existing state actions, create roadblocks, and generate mountains of red tape. The government should never stand in the way of small business owners, taxpayers or the middle class, but rather generate policies to help them prosper. That’s why I voted to kill the Bureau of Land Management’s Venting and Flaring Rule. The rule added regulations that duplicated oversight already provided by ND regulators.

Waters of the U.S. rule
Speaking of onerous regulation, I have consistently opposed the Waters of the U.S. rule, known as WOTUS, citing its devastating economic impacts, substantial regulatory costs and bureaucratic barriers to economic growth. In addition, I oppose this rule since it represents an unconstitutional power grab by the federal government and has serious implications, particularly for the agriculture and energy sectors in North Dakota.

Illegal immigration and sanctuary cities
I believe it is absolutely necessary for our country to secure our borders. In accordance with existing law, we need to take all appropriate steps to immediately plan, design, and construct a physical wall along the southern border of the U.S. In addition, we need to hire additional Border Patrol agents and put a stop to chain migration. For too long, our immigration policy has been broken, and it has created a national security crisis that will only be solved once our borders are secure again. In particular, we must act to defund sanctuary cities immediately. In the House, I was proud to support a bill that would have done exactly that. We passed it, and it went on to fail in the Senate which reinforces the need for our state to have another Senator that will stand for the rule of law and against illegal immigration.

All-of-the-above energy
God has blessed North Dakota with a wealth of natural resources, many of which power the region’s way of life. Whether it’s coal, oil, natural gas and even wind—we have helped spur the meteoric rise of our country into an energy superpower. I will continue to stand in support of all of these industries and will fight to prevent out-of-control federal bureaucrats from creating regulatory roadblocks that cost jobs and deter investment.

Pro-life
Life is precious. Every child should have the chance for life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We must work to protect our most vulnerable in every way possible, and I have and will continue to do so. That's why I supported the most recent attempt at banning late-term abortion in our nation. As your Senator, I will reinforce our Christian foundational values to protect the unborn and I will continue to fight for pro-life issues.

Farm Bill
North Dakota farmers deserve to be supported with a strong Farm Bill that provides stability first and foremost. I will continue to push for legislation which will lead to much-needed relief for North Dakota producers who have been dealing with challenges ranging from drought to low commodity prices. In fixing the Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) program, while maintaining the crop insurance as well as livestock forage programs, our agricultural community will directly benefit from the legislation. We need Swampbuster minimal effects language included in the bill to provide relief from onerous and excessive regulations. I will continue to work with the Agriculture Committee on the advancement of this critically important legislation.

Healthcare
It is imperative we replace Obamacare with a plan that provides immediate relief for families suffering under the burden of skyrocketing health insurance premiums and uncertainty. I have consistently fought for common-sense health care reform including efforts to replace Obamacare with a plan that is more patient-centered, flexible, and most importantly, affordable. Obamacare represents a big government one-size-fits-all approach rather than allowing states to build systems that work for their citizens. The alternative I support provides more state control with more money and more flexibility for our citizens.

Strong military and support for our veterans
Maintaining the most powerful military force on earth has long been a key priority of mine. Our Armed Forces are a global power for good and consist of the finest men and women our country has to offer. They selflessly put their lives on the line to maintain our freedoms, and we owe them an eternal debt of gratitude. That is why we must ensure the military is properly funded so they have the best equipment possible. Beyond that, when our veterans return home, our duty to them and their families is not over. We must ensure our veterans are getting world-class care and assistance and we must give back to those that gave so much for us. That’s why I supported the VA Mission Act. This legislation was enacted into law in early June, allowing the expansion of private care for veterans as an alternative to the VA system. This legislation is vitally important to rural states like North Dakota where veterans must travel great distances to see a VA doctor or the local facility cannot provide the care they need.

The Second Amendment
Our Second Amendment is one of the most paramount and cherished rights enjoyed by all of us as Americans. The radical left continues to assault our right to bear arms seeking to infringe on the Second Amendment in any way they can. I will continue to fight these attempts every step of the way. The Second Amendment must be defended and I’m happy to stand on my long-held record of defending this constitutional freedom.

Social Security & Medicare'
Social Security and Medicare are essential programs for American seniors. I believe we must protect the benefits that today’s beneficiaries receive along with the benefits of those nearing eligibility. We also need to protect Social Security and Medicare for future generations that will rely on these programs. As we go forward with solutions, I believe we need to focus on incremental program changes to future recipients now aged 55 and under. This ensures benefits will be available to them when they reach enrollment age, while at the same time, keeps the promise to those currently relying on the retirement income and Medicare coverage. It is imperative we make changes now. The longer we wait to address the issue, the more severe the eventual remedy will become. I am committed to finding the right path that protects these valuable programs not only for our seniors now enjoying these benefits but for the generations that follow them.^[8]

”

—Kevin Cramer’s campaign website (2018)^[9]

Campaign advertisements

The following is an example of an ad from Cramer's 2018 election campaign.

"Coffee" - Cramer campaign ad, released October 15, 2018

2016

Campaign website

The following issues were listed on Cramer's campaign website. For a full list of campaign themes, click here.

“

Expanding our nation’s energy supply: Kevin Cramer is committed to energy policies that encourage production right here at home. Greater energy production is a critical stepping stone to growing our nation’s economy, especially the manufacturing, construction and transportation sectors.

Farm Bill: The nation’s producers need leadership from Washington that gives them stability and freedom from bureaucratic regulation.

Keeping Washington in Check: The current administration has excessively expanded executive privilege to a point never before seen in Washington. We must ensure that those in Washington protect each of our fundamental freedoms as Americans and protect the rule of law as it applies to each American.

^[8]

”

—Kevin Cramer's campaign website, http://www.kevincramer.org/priorities/

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

Kevin Cramer campaign contribution history
Year	Office	Status	Contributions	Expenditures
2024*	U.S. Senate North Dakota	On the Ballot primary	$4,763,417	$2,112,324
2018	U.S. Senate North Dakota	Won general	$6,031,116	$6,231,101
2016	U.S. House, North Dakota At-Large District	Won	$1,382,670	N/A**
2014	U.S. House (North Dakota, At-Large District)	Won	$1,492,880	N/A**
2012	U.S. House North Dakota At-Large District	Won	$1,325,479	N/A**
Grand total			$14,995,562	$8,343,425
Sources: OpenSecrets, Federal Elections Commission *This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).
* Data from this year may not be complete
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only availabale data.

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage and endorsements scopes.

Notable candidate endorsements by Kevin Cramer
Endorsee	Election	Stage	Outcome
Jim Banks ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Indiana (2024)	Primary	Advanced in Primary
Kelly Armstrong ^source (R)	Governor of North Dakota (2024)	Primary	–
Kari Lake ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Arizona (2024)	Primary	–
Donald Trump ^source (R)	President of the United States (2024)	Primary	–
Doug Burgum ^source (R)	President of the United States (2024)	Primary	Withdrew in Convention
Mehmet Oz ^source (R)	U.S. Senate Pennsylvania (2022)	Primary	Lost General
Donald Trump ^source (R)	President of the United States (2016)	Primary	Won General

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023

The 118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, at which point Republicans held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in the U.S. Senate (51-49). Joe Biden (D) was the president and Kamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (H.R. 2670) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 22, 2023, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2024. The bill required a simple majority vote in the Senate to pass the bill as amended by a Senate and House conference report.^[10]

Passed (87-13)

Yea

Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024

The Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 (H.R. 6363) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 17, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through January 19, 2024. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by November 17, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[11]

Passed (87-11)

Yea

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act

The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act (H.R. 5860) was a bill approved by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2023, providing for the funding of federal agencies through November 17, 2023. The bill prevented a government shutdown that would have taken place if funding was not approved by October 1, 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[12]

Passed (88-9)

Yea

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (H.R. 3746) was a bill passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 3, 2023. The bill raised the federal debt limit until January 2025. The bill also capped non-defense spending in fiscal year 2024, rescinded unspent coronavirus relief funding, rescinded some Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding, enhanced work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF), simplified environmental reviews for energy projects, and ended the student loan debt repayment pause in August 2023. The bill required a three-fifths majority vote in the Senate.^[13] Click here to read more.

Passed (63-36)

Yea

Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.

H.J.Res. 7 (Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended the national coronavirus state of emergency, which began on March 13, 2020. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[14] Click here to read more.

Passed (68-23)

Yea

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".

H.J.Res. 44 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate. The bill sought to nullify a Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) rule establishing criteria to determine whether firearms equipped with stabilizing braces that facilitate shoulder fire were subject to regulation under the National Firearms Act. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[15]

Failed (50-49)

Yea

Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".

H.J.Res. 30 (Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".) was a joint resolution of disapproval under the terms of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress and vetoed by President Joe Biden (D) on March 20, 2023. This was Biden's first veto of his presidency. The resolution sought to nullify a Department of Labor rule that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certain environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors in investment-related decisions. The resolution required a simple majority vote in the Senate.^[16] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-46)

Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress

Key votes (click "show" to expand or "hide" to contract)

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

The 117th United States Congress began on January 3, 2021 and ended on January 3, 2023. At the start of the session, Democrats held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-213), and the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 makeup. Democrats assumed control of the Senate on January 20, 2021, when President Joe Biden (D) and Vice President Kamala Harris (D), who acted as a tie-breaking vote in the chamber, assumed office. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 117th Congress, 2021-2023

Vote

Bill and description

Status

Yea

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) was a federal infrastructure bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on November 15, 2021. Among other provisions, the bill provided funding for new infrastructure projects and reauthorizations, Amtrak maintenance and development, bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation, clean drinking water, high-speed internet, and clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[17] Click here to read more.

Passed (69-30)

Nay

American Rescue Plan Act of 2021

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (H.R. 1319) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Key features of the bill included funding for a national vaccination program and response, funding to safely reopen schools, distribution of $1,400 per person in relief payments, and extended unemployment benefits. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[18] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-49)

Nay

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (H.R. 5376) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 16, 2022, to address climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement. Key features of the bill included a $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change, an extension of Affordable Care Act subsidies, allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, a 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement, and an estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031. The bill required a 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[19] Click here to read more.

Passed (51-50)

Yea

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (S. 1605) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 27, 2021, authorizing Department of Defense acitivities and programs for fiscal year 2022. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[20]

Passed (88-11)

Yea

James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023

The James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R. 7776) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022, authorizing Department of Defense activities and programs for fiscal year 2023. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[21]

Passed (83-11)

Yea

Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022

The Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (S. 3373) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 10, 2022, that sought to address healthcare access, the presumption of service-connection, and research, resources, and other matters related to veterans who were exposed to toxic substances during military service. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[22]

Passed (86-11)

Nay

Chips and Science Act

The Chips and Science Act (H.R. 4346) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on August 9, 2022, which sought to fund domestic production of semiconductors and authorized various federal science agency programs and activities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[23]

Passed (64-33)

Nay

Women’s Health Protection Act of 2021

The Women's Health Protection Act of 2021 (H.R. 3755) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives. The bill proposed prohibiting governmental restrictions on the provision of and access to abortion services and prohibiting governments from issuing some other abortion-related restrictions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[24]

Failed (46-48)

Nay

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on March 15, 2022, providing for the funding of federal agencies for the remainder of 2022, providing funding for activities related to Ukraine, and modifying or establishing various programs. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[25]

Passed (68-31)

Nay

Respect for Marriage Act

The Respect for Marriage Act (H.R. 8404) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 13, 2022. The bill codified the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins, and provided that the law would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[26] Click here to read more.

Passed (61-36)

Nay

Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023

The Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023 (H.R. 6833) was a bill approved by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2022. It provided for some fiscal year 2023 appropriations, supplemental funds for Ukraine, and extended several other programs and authorities. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[27]

Passed (72-25)

Yea

COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act

The COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act (S. 937) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on May 20, 2021, that included provisions to designate an officer or employee of the Department of Justice (DOJ) to facilitate expedited review of hate crimes, required the DOJ to issue guidance to law enforcement agencies aimed to establish online hate crime reporting processes and to raise awareness about hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and established state grants to create hate crime reporting hotlines, among other related provisions. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[28]

Passed (94-1)

Yea

Postal Service Reform Act of 2022

The Postal Service Reform Act of 2022 (H.R. 3076) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on April 6, 2022, that sought to address healthcare and retirement benefits for postal workers, allow USPS to provide certain nonpostal products and services, and expand service performance and budgetary reporting. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[29]

Passed (79-19)

Not Voting

Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (S. 2938) was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022. Provisions of the bill included expanding background checks for individuals under the age of 21, providing funding for mental health services, preventing individuals who had been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years, providing funding for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, and providing funding for community-based violence prevention initiatives. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[30] Click here to read more.

Passed (65-33)

Nay

Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act

The Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act (H.R. 5305) was a bill passed by the 117th Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on September 30, 2021, that provided for continuing fiscal year 2022 appropriations to federal agencies through December 3, 2021, in order to prevent a government shutdown that would have otherwise occurred if fiscal year 2022 appropriations bills had not been passed by October 1, 2021. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate.^[31]

Passed (65-35)

Not guilty

Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.

This was a resolution before the 117th Congress setting forth an article of impeachment saying that Donald Trump (R) incited an insurrection against the government of the United States on January 6, 2021. The House of Representatives approved the article of impeachment, and the Senate adjudged that Trump was not guilty of the charges. Conviction on the impeachment charges required a 2/3 majority vote in the Senate.^[32] Click here to read more.

Not guilty (57-43)

Not Voting

Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022

The Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022 (H.R. 350) was a bill passed by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to expand the availability and reporting of information about domestic terrorism, enhance the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Justice (DOJ), and the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) ability to prosecute domestic terrorism, among other things. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[33]

Failed (47-47)

Nay

A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.

This concurrent resolution (S.Con.Res. 14) was a budget resolution passed by the 117th Congress outlining the fiscal year 2022 federal government budget, setting forth budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023-2031, and providing reconciliation instructions for legislation that increased the deficit. It contained a proposed framework for the Build Back Better Act. The resolution required 1/2 majority vote in the Senate.^[34] Click here to read more.

Passed (50-49)

Nay

Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act

The Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a federal elections bill approved by the House of Representatives and voted down by the Senate in a failed cloture vote that sought to, among other provisions, make Election Day a public holiday, allow for same-day voter registration, establish minimum early voting periods, and allow absentee voting for any reason, restrict the removal of local election administrators in federal elections, regulate congressional redistricting, expand campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations, and amend the Voting Rights Act to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to invoke cloture and a 1/2 majority vote on passage.^[35] Click here to read more.

Failed (49-51)

Not Voting

Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022

The Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act was a bill passed by the 117th Congress in the form of an amendment to a year-end omnibus funding bill that was signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on December 23, 2022. The bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. Elements of the bill included specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial, raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, and providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors. The bill required a 3/5 majority vote in the Senate to concur in the House's version of the bill.^[36] Click here to read more.

Passed (68-29)

Key votes: 116th Congress, 2019-2020

Key votes: 115th Congress, 2017-2018

For detailed information about each vote, click here.

Votes on domestic policy (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (Conference report) (HR 2)

Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance through fiscal year 2023.^[37]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2 (second vote))

Bill Passed (213-211) on June 21, 2018

Proposed providing funding for commodity support, conservation, trade and international food aid, nutrition assistance, farm credit, rural development, research and extension activities, forestry, horticulture, and crop insurance. It also proposed modifying the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, previously known as the food stamp program.^[38]

Voted Yea on: Securing America’s Future Act of 2018 (HR 4760)

Bill Failed (193-231) on June 21, 2018

Proposed funding a border wall, limiting legal immigration, a mandatory worker verification program, allowing DACA recipients to apply for legal status, and preventing separation of families at the border.^[39]

Voted Yea on: Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 (HR 2)

Bill Passed (369-47) on December 12, 2018

Reauthorizes through FY2023 and modifies some Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs.^[40]

Voted Yea on: Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act (HR 36)

Bill Passed (237-189) on October 3, 2017

Proposed amending the federal criminal code to make it a crime for any person to perform or attempt to perform an abortion if the probable post-fertilization age of the fetus was 20 weeks or more. The bill provided exceptions for an abortion: (1) that was necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman, or (2) when the pregnancy was the result of rape or incest.^[41]

Voted Yea on: Kate's Law (HR 3004)

Bill Passed (257-167) on June 29, 2017

Proposed increasing criminal penalties for individuals in the country illegally who were convicted of certain crimes, deported, and then re-entered the U.S. illegally.^[42]

Voted Yea on: No Sanctuary for Criminals Act (HR 3003)

Bill Passed (228-195) on June 29, 2017

Proposed withholding federal funds from states and localities that chose not to follow federal immigration laws.^[43]

Voted Yea on: American Health Care Act of 2017 (HR 1628)

Bill passed (217-213) on May 4, 2017

Proposed modifying the budgetary and fiscal provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare.^[44]

Votes on economic affairs and regulations (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (361-61) on September 26, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[45]

Voted Yea on: Energy and Water, Legislative Branch, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019 (Conference report) (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (377-20) on September 13, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[46]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 6157)

Bill Passed (359-49) on June 28, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Departments of Defense, Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor, and Education.^[47]

Voted Yea on: Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2019 (HR 5895)

Bill Passed (235-179) on June 8, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for the Department of Energy, water resources, the legislative branch, military construction, and the Department of Veterans Affairs, among other programs.^[48]

Voted Yea on: Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (S 2155)

Bill Passed (258-159) on May 22, 2018

Proposed exempting some banks from the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act^[49]

Did not vote on: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1625)

Bill Passed (256-167) on March 22, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes.^[50]

Voted Yea on: The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (HR 1892)

Bill Passed (240-186) on February 9, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[51]

Voted Yea on: Further Extension Of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1892)

Bill Passed (245-182) on February 6, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations through March 23, 2018.^[52]

Voted Yea on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)

Bill Passed (266-150) on January 22, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 8, 2018.^[53]

Voted Yea on: Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018, and for other purposes. (HR 195)

Bill Passed (230-197) on January 18, 2018

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through February 16, 2018.^[54]

Voted Yea on: Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 1370)

Bill Passed (231-188) on December 21, 2017

Proposed providing further continuing appropriations through January 19, 2018.^[55]

Voted Yea on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (227-203) on December 19, 2017

Proposed providing for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018.^[56]

Voted Yea on: Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2018, and for other purposes (HJ Res 123)

Bill Passed (235-193) on December 7, 2017

Proposed funding the government until December 22, 2017.^[57]

Voted Yea on: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (HR 1)

Bill Passed (227-205) on November 16, 2017

Proposed amending the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses.^[58]

Voted Yea on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Bill Passed (216-212) on October 26, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027. (This bill proposed adopting the Senate's budget resolution.)^[59]

Voted Yea on: Establishing the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2018 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2019 through 2027. (H Con Res 71)

Bill Passed (219-206) on October 5, 2017

Proposed establishing the congressional budget for the federal government for FY2018 and setting forth budgetary levels for FY2019-FY2027.^[60]

Voted Yea on: Make America Secure and Prosperous Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3354)

Bill Passed (211-198) on September 14, 2017

Proposed providing FY2018 appropriations for the federal government. It combined 12 appropriations bills.^[61]

Voted Yea on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (Included amendments to suspend the debt ceiling and fund the government) (HR 601)

Bill Passed (316-90) on September 8, 2017

Proposed suspending the debt ceiling and funding the government until December 8, 2017, and providing funding for Hurricanes Harvey and Irma relief efforts.^[62]

Did not vote on: Disaster Relief Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 601)

Bill Passed (419-3) on September 6, 2017

Proposed providing $7.85 billion for disaster relief requirements, including response and recovery efforts from Hurricane Harvey.^[63]

Voted Yea on: Financial CHOICE Act of 2017 (HR 10)

Bill passed (233-186) on June 8, 2017

Proposed amending the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, among other acts.^[64]

Voted Yea on: Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 (HR 244)

Bill passed (309-118) on May 3, 2017

Proposed a $1.2 trillion budget to fund the government through the end of the fiscal year on September 30, 2017.^[65]

Votes on foreign policy and national security issues (click to expand)

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (HR 5515)

Bill Passed (351-66) on May 24, 2018

Proposed authorizing FY2019 appropriations and policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities^[66]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 695)

Bill Passed (250-166) on January 30, 2018

Proposed providing appropriations for military functions administered by the Department of Defense and for other purposes, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018.^[67]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018—Conference report (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (356-70) on November 14, 2017

Proposed authorizing FY2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths.^[68]

Voted Yea on: Make America Secure Appropriations Act, 2018 (HR 3219)

Bill Passed (235-192) on July 27, 2017

Proposed making appropriations for defense, military construction, Veterans Affairs, the Legislative Branch, energy and water development, and for other purposes for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 2018.^[69]

Voted Yea on: Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (HR 3364)

Bill Passed (419-3) on July 25, 2017

Proposed providing congressional review and measures to counter aggression by the governments of Iran, the Russian Federation, and North Korea, and for other purposes.^[70]

Voted Yea on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180, second vote)

Bill Passed (380-35) on July 28, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.^[71]

Voted Yea on: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 3180)

Bill Failed (241-163) on July 24, 2017

Proposed authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 2018 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes.^[72]

Voted Yea on: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (HR 2810)

Bill Passed (344-81) on July 14, 2017

Proposed authorizing fiscal year 2018 appropriations and setting forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It did not provide budget authority.^[73]

Voted Yea on: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2017 (HR 1301)

Bill passed (371-48) on March 8, 2017

The $577.9 billion fiscal year 2017 defense spending bill proposed $516.1 billion in base budget funding and $61.8 billion for Overseas Contingency Operations/ Global War on Terrorism funding.^[74]

114th Congress

The first session of the 114th Congress enacted into law six out of the 2,616 introduced bills (0.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 1.3 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the first session. In the second session, the 114th Congress enacted 133 out of 3,159 introduced bills (4.2 percent). Comparatively, the 113th Congress had 7.0 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[75]^[76] For more information pertaining to Cramer's voting record in the 114th Congress, please see the below sections.^[77]

Economic and fiscal

Trade Act of 2015

See also: The Trans-Pacific Partnership trade deal, 2015

Trade adjustment assistance
On June 12, 2015, the House rejected the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015—by a vote of 126-302. Trade adjustment assistance (TAA) is a federal program providing American workers displaced by foreign trade agreements with job training and services. The measure was packaged with trade promotion authority (TPA), also known as fast-track authority. TPA is a legislative procedure that allows Congress to define "U.S. negotiating objectives and spells out a detailed oversight and consultation process for during trade negotiations. Under TPA, Congress retains the authority to review and decide whether any proposed U.S. trade agreement will be implemented," according to the Office of the United States Trade Representative. Cramer was one of 158 Republicans to vote against TAA.^[78]^[79]
Trade promotion authority
On June 12, 2015, the House passed the trade promotion authority (TPA) measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015 —by a vote of 219-211. TPA gives the president fast-track authority to negotiate trade agreements sent to Congress without the opportunity for amendment or filibuster. Although the House approved TPA, it was a largely symbolic vote given the measure was part of a package trade bill including trade adjustment assistance (TAA), which was rejected earlier the same day. Cramer was one of 191 Republicans to support the measure.^[80]^[81]
Trade promotion authority second vote
After the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) and trade promotion authority (TPA) did not pass the House together on June 12, 2015, representatives voted to authorize TPA alone as an amendment to HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—on June 18, 2015. The amendment passed by a vote of 218-208, with all voting members of the House maintaining their original positions on TPA except for Ted Yoho (R-Fla.). Cramer was one of 190 Republicans to vote in favor of the amendment.^[82]^[83]
Trade adjustment assistance second vote
The House passed HR 1295—the Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015—on June 25, 2015, by a vote of 286-138. The Senate packaged trade adjustment assistance (TAA) in this bill after the House rejected the TAA measure in HR 1314—the Trade Act of 2015. Along with trade promotion authority (TPA), which Congress passed as part of HR 2146—the Defending Public Safety Employees' Retirement Act—TAA became law on June 29, 2015. Cramer was one of 111 Republicans to vote in favor of HR 1295.^[84]^[85]

Defense spending authorization

On May 15, 2015, the House passed HR 1735—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 269-151. The bill "authorizes FY2016 appropriations and sets forth policies for Department of Defense (DOD) programs and activities, including military personnel strengths. It does not provide budget authority, which is provided in subsequent appropriations legislation." Cramer voted with 227 other Republicans and 41 Democrats to approve the bill.^[86] The Senate passed the bill on June 18, 2015, by a vote of 71-25. President Barack Obama vetoed the bill on October 22, 2015.^[87]

On November 5, 2015, the House passed S 1356—the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016—by a vote of 370-58. The second version of the $607 billion national defense bill included $5 billion in cuts to match what was approved in the budget and language preventing the closure of the Guantanamo Bay military prison.^[88]^[89] Cramer voted with 234 other Republicans and 135 Democrats to approve the bill.^[90] On November 10, 2015, the Senate passed the bill by a vote of 91-3, and President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 25, 2015.^[91]

2016 Budget proposal

On April 30, 2015, the House voted to approve SConRes11, a congressional budget proposal for fiscal year 2016, by a vote of 226-197. The non-binding resolution was designed to create 12 appropriations bills to fund the government. All 183 Democrats who voted, voted against the resolution. Cramer voted with 225 other Republicans to approve the bill.^[92]^[93]^[94]

2015 budget

On October 28, 2015, the House passed HR 1314—the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015—by a vote of 266-167. The bill increased military and domestic spending levels and suspended the debt ceiling until March 2017.^[95] Cramer voted with 78 Republicans and 187 Democrats in favor of the bill.^[96] It passed the Senate on October 30, 2015.^[97] President Barack Obama signed it into law on November 2, 2015.

Foreign Affairs

Iran nuclear deal

See also: Iran nuclear agreement, 2015

On May 14, 2015, the House approved HR 1191—the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 400-25. The bill required President Barack Obama to submit the details of the nuclear deal with Iran for congressional review. Congress had 60 days to review the deal and vote to approve, disapprove, or take no action on the deal. During the review period, sanctions on Iran could not be lifted. Cramer voted with 222 other Republican representatives to approve the bill.^[98]^[99]

Approval of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
On September 11, 2015, the House rejected HR 3461—To approve the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, signed at Vienna on July 14, 2015, relating to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 162-269. The legislation proposed approving the nuclear agreement with Iran. Cramer voted with 243 Republicans and 25 Democrats against the bill.^[100]^[101]

Suspension of Iran sanctions relief
On September 11, 2015, the House approved HR 3460—To suspend until January 21, 2017, the authority of the President to waive, suspend, reduce, provide relief from, or otherwise limit the application of sanctions pursuant to an agreement related to the nuclear program of Iran—by a vote of 247-186. HR 3460 prohibited "the President, prior to January 21, 2017, from: limiting the application of specified sanctions on Iran or refraining from applying any such sanctions; or removing a foreign person (including entities) listed in Attachments 3 or 4 to Annex II of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) from the list of designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Asset Control of the Department of the Treasury." Cramer voted with 244 Republicans and two Democrats for the bill.^[102]^[103]

Presidential non-compliance of section 2
On September 10, 2015, the House passed H Res 411—Finding that the President has not complied with section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015—by a vote of 245-186. Section 2 of the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015 required the president to submit all materials related to the nuclear agreement for congressional review. House Republicans introduced the resolution because two agreements between the International Atomic Energy Agency and Iran were not submitted to Congress. Cramer voted with 244 Republicans for the resolution.^[104]^[105]

Export-Import Bank

On October 27, 2015, the House passed HR 597—the Export-Import Bank Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2015—by a vote of 313-118. The bill proposed reauthorizing the Export-Import Bank and allowing it to resume offering assistance in the form of loans and insurance to foreign companies that wanted to buy U.S. goods.^[106] Cramer voted with 126 Republicans and 186 Democrats in favor of the bill.^[107]

Domestic

USA FREEDOM Act of 2015

On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 2048—the Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015 or the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015—by a vote of 338-88. The legislation revised HR 3199—the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005—by ending the bulk collection of metadata under Sec. 215 of the act, requiring increased reporting from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, and requiring the use of "a specific selection term as the basis for national security letters that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies." Cramer voted with 195 Republicans and 142 Democrats to approve the legislation. It became law on June 2, 2015.^[108]^[109]

Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act

On May 13, 2015, the House passed HR 36—the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act—by a vote of 242-184. The bill proposed prohibiting abortions from being performed after a fetus was determined to be 20 weeks or older. The bill proposed exceptions in cases of rape, incest, or to save the life of the mother. Cramer voted with 237 Republicans in favor of the bill.^[110]^[111]

Cyber security

On April 23, 2015, the House passed HR 1731—the National Cybersecurity Protection Advancement Act of 2015—by a vote of 355-63. The bill proposed creating an information sharing program that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. It also proposed including liability protections for companies.^[112] Cramer voted with 219 Republicans and 135 Democrats to approve the bill.^[113]

On April 22, 2015, the House passed HR 1560—the Protecting Cyber Networks Act—by a vote of 307-116.^[114] The bill proposed procedures that would allow federal agencies and private entities to share information about cyber threats. Cramer voted with 201 Republicans and 105 Democrats in favor of the bill.^[115]

Immigration

On November 19, 2015, the House passed HR 4038—the American SAFE Act of 2015—by a vote of 289-137.^[116] The bill proposed instituting additional screening processes for refugees from Iraq and Syria who applied for admission to the U.S. Cramer voted with 241 Republicans and 47 Democrats in favor of the bill.^[117]

113th Congress

The second session of the 113th Congress enacted into law 224 out of the 3215 introduced bills (7 percent). Comparatively, the 112th Congress had 4.2 percent of introduced bills enacted into law in the second session.^[118] For more information pertaining to Cramer's voting record in the 113th Congress, please see the below sections.^[119]

National security

DHS Appropriations

Cramer voted in support of HR 2217 - the DHS Appropriations Act of 2014. The bill passed the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 245-182 and was largely along party lines.^[120]

Keystone Pipeline Amendment

Cramer voted in opposition of House Amendment 69, which would have amended HR 3 to "require that the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, in consultation with the Department of Homeland Security, conduct a study of the vulnerabilities of the Keystone XL pipeline to a terrorist attack and certify that necessary protections have been put in place." The amendment failed on May 22, 2013, with a vote of 176 - 239 and was largely along party lines.^[120]

In January 2014, Cramer expressed skepticism about whether the Keystone pipeline would be approved under President Barack Obama and offered thoughts on how the pipeline could be approved. “I used to be very optimistic about it,” Rep. Kevin Cramer, R-ND, said in an interview. “I guess I would put it at less than 50-50 because it’s just that at every turn them seem to try to find a reason to try and delay it longer.” He said further: “At this point there’s no more possible studying you could do,” he said. “It’s by far the most studied and analyzed and environmental impact studied pipeline in the history of the world,” Cramer said. “I don’t know what more you could possibly learn.” Cramer also believed that the pipeline would be approved easily if its authorization could get a vote in the U.S. Senate. “I think it’s almost a veto-proof bill,” he said. “If in fact the Senate was to switch parties over things like the Keystone and energy issues, as well as Obamacare issues, I think the president would take pause and ask if (he wants) to spend (his) last two years (in office) fighting and doing nothing or moving our economy forward," he said.^[121]

CISPA (2013)

Cramer voted in support of HR 624 - the CISPA (2013). The bill passed the House on April 18, 2013, with a vote of 288-127. The bill permitted federal intelligence agencies to share cybersecurity intelligence and information with private entities and utilities.^[122] The bill was largely supported by Republicans, but divided the Democratic Party.^[120]

NDAA

Cramer voted in support of HR 1960 - the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014. The bill passed the House on June 14, 2013, with a vote of 315-108. Both parties were somewhat divided on the vote.^[120]

Economy

Government shutdown

See also: United States budget debate, 2013

On September 30, 2013, the House passed a final stopgap spending bill before the shutdown went into effect. The bill included a one-year delay of the Affordable Care Act's individual mandate and would have also stripped the bill of federal subsidies for congressional members and staff. It passed through the House with a vote of 228-201.^[123] At 1 a.m. on October 1, 2013, one hour after the shutdown officially began, the House voted to move forward with going to a conference. In short order, Sen. Harry Reid rejected the call to conference.^[124] Cramer voted to approve the stopgap spending bill that would have delayed the individual mandate.^[125]

The shutdown ended on October 16, 2013, when the House took a vote on HR 2775 after it was approved by the Senate. The bill to reopen the government lifted the $16.7 trillion debt limit and funded the government through January 15, 2014. Federal employees also received retroactive pay for the shutdown period. The only concession made by Senate Democrats was to require income verification for Obamacare subsidies.^[126] The House passed the legislation shortly after the Senate, by a vote of 285-144, with all 144 votes against the legislation coming from Republican members. Cramer voted for HR 2775.^[127]

Federal Pay Adjustment Act

Cramer voted in support of HR 273 - Eliminates the 2013 Statutory Pay Adjustment for Federal Employees. The bill passed the House on February 15, 2013, with a vote of 261-154. The bill called for stopping a 0.5 percent pay increase for all federal workers from taking effect. The raises were projected to cost $11 billion over 10 years.^[128]^[120]

Immigration

Morton Memos Prohibition

Cramer voted in support of House Amendment 136 - Prohibits the Enforcement of the Immigration Executive Order. The amendment was adopted by the House on June 6, 2013, with a vote of 224-201. The purpose of the amendment as stated on the official text is to "prohibit the use of funds to finalize, implement, administer, or enforce the Morton Memos." These memos would have granted administrative amnesty to certain individuals residing in the United States without legal status. The vote largely followed party lines.^[129]^[120]

Healthcare

Healthcare Reform Rules

Cramer voted in support of House Amendment 450 - Requires Congressional Approval for Any Rules Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The amendment was adopted by the House on August 2, 2013, with a vote of 227-185. The amendment requires all changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act be approved by Congress before taking effect. The vote was largely along party lines.^[130]^[120]

Keep the IRS Off Your Healthcare Act

Cramer voted in support of HR 2009 - Keep the IRS Off Your Healthcare Act of 2013. The bill passed through the House on August 2, 2013, with a vote of 232-185. The bill would prevent the IRS and Treasury Secretary from enforcing the powers provided to them in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The vote largely followed party lines. Cramer co-sponsored the bill.^[130]^[120]

Social issues

Amash amendment

Cramer voted in support of House Amendment 413 - Prohibits the National Security Agency from Collecting Records Under the Patriot Act. The amendment failed on July 4, 2013, by a vote of 205-217. The amendment would have prohibited the collection of records by the National Security Agency under the Patriot Act. Both parties were split on the vote.^[120]

Government affairs

HR 676

See also: Boehner's lawsuit against the Obama administration

On July 30, 2014, the U.S. House approved a resolution 225 to 201 to sue President Barack Obama for exceeding his constitutional authority. Five Republicans—Thomas Massie of Kentucky, Paul Broun of Georgia, Scott Garrett of New Jersey, Walter Jones of North Carolina and Steve Stockman of Texas—voted with Democrats against the lawsuit.^[131] Cramer joined the other 224 Republicans in favor of the lawsuit. All Democrats voted against the resolution.^[132]^[133]

Personal Gain Index

See also: Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress)

The Personal Gain Index (U.S. Congress) is a two-part measurement that illustrates the extent to which members of the U.S. Congress have prospered during their tenure as public servants.
It consists of two different metrics:

PGI: Change in net worth

See also: Changes in Net Worth of U.S. Senators and Representatives (Personal Gain Index) and Net worth of United States Senators and Representatives

Based on congressional financial disclosure forms and calculations made available by OpenSecrets.org, Cramer's net worth as of 2012 was estimated between $182,022 and $657,000. That averages to $419,511, which is lower than the average net worth of Democratic senators in 2012 of $7,614,097.96. Cramer ranked the 289th most wealthy representative in 2012.^[134] Between 2011 and 2012, Cramer's calculated net worth increased from $0 to $419,511. Between 2004 and 2012, the average annual percentage increase for a member of Congress was 15.4 percent.^[135]

Kevin Cramer Yearly Net Worth
Year	Average Net Worth
2011	$0
2012	$419,511
Growth from 2011 to 2012:	N/A
Average annual growth:	N/A
Comparatively, the American citizen experienced a median yearly decline in net worth of -0.94%.^[136]

The data used to calculate changes in net worth may include changes resulting from assets gained through marriage, inheritance, changes in family estates and/or trusts, changes in family business ownership, and many other variables unrelated to a member's behavior in Congress.

PGI: Donation Concentration Metric

See also: The Donation Concentration Metric (U.S. Congress Personal Gain Index)

Filings required by the Federal Election Commission report on the industries that give to each candidate. Using campaign filings and information calculated by OpenSecrets.org, Ballotpedia calculated the percentage of donations by industry received by each incumbent over the course of his or her career (or 1989 and later, if elected prior to 1988). Cramer received the most donations from individuals and PACs employed by the Oil & Gas industry.

From 1995-2014, 30.31 percent of Cramer's career contributions came from the top five industries as listed below.^[137]

Kevin Cramer Campaign Contributions
Total Raised	$3,139,777
Total Spent	$2,466,673
Top five industries that contributed to campaign committee
Oil & Gas	$349,300
Crop Production & Basic Processing	$188,040
Retired	$180,160
Leadership PACs	$166,463
Commercial Banks	$67,700
% total in top industry	11.12%
% total in top two industries	17.11%
% total in top five industries	30.31%

Analysis

Like-minded colleagues

The website OpenCongress tracks the voting records of each member to determine with whom he or she votes most and least often. The results include a member from each party.^[138]

Cramer most often voted with:

Cramer least often voted with:

Lifetime voting record

See also: Lifetime voting records of United States Senators and Representatives

According to the website GovTrack, Cramer missed 75 of 1,752 roll call votes from January 2013 to September 2015. This amounted to 4.3 percent, which was higher than the median of 2.2 percent among representatives as of September 2015.^[139]

National Journal vote ratings

See also: National Journal vote ratings

Each year National Journal publishes an analysis of how liberally or conservatively each member of Congress voted in the previous year. Click the link above for the full ratings of all members of Congress.

2013

Cramer ranked 197th in the conservative rankings in 2013.^[140]

Voting with party

The website OpenCongress tracks how often members of Congress vote with the majority of the chamber caucus.

2014

Cramer voted with the Republican Party 92.0 percent of the time, which ranked 184th among the 234 House Republican members as of August 2014.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many

2013

Cramer voted with the Republican Party 95.9 percent of the time, which ranked 128th among the 234 House Republican members as of June 2013.Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; invalid names, e.g. too many

Personal

Note: Please contact us if the personal information below requires an update.
Kramer and his wife, Kris, have five children.^[141]

External links

Search Google News for this topic

Candidate

U.S. Senate North Dakota

Officeholder

U.S. Senate North Dakota

Footnotes

Political offices
Preceded by Heidi Heitkamp (D)	U.S. Senate North Dakota 2019-Present	Succeeded by -
Preceded by Rick Berg (R)	U.S. House North Dakota At-large District 2013-2019	Succeeded by Kelly Armstrong (R)
Preceded by -	North Dakota Public Service Commission 2003-2013	Succeeded by Julie Fedorchak (R)

[show]

North Dakota's current delegation to the United States Congress

Senators

Kevin Cramer (R)

John Hoeven (R)

Representatives

Kelly Armstrong (R)

Republican Party (3)

[1] United States Senate, "U.S. Senator Kevin Cramer," accessed February 1, 2019

[2] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "CRAMER, Kevin, (1961 - )," accessed February 1, 2019

[bio-3] 3.0 ^3.1 National Journal, "North Dakota, At-Large House District," November 1, 2012

[4] U.S. House Clerk, "Official Alphabetical List of the House of Representatives of the United States One Hundred Fifteenth Congress," accessed February 2, 2017

[5] U.S. House of Representatives, Office of the Clerk, "Committee Information," accessed February 20, 2015

[6] CQ.com, "House Committee Rosters for the 113th Congress," accessed March 3, 2013

[list16-7] North Dakota Secretary of State, "2016 Primary Election Contest/Candidate List," accessed April 12, 2016

[quotedisclaimer-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.

[cramersite-9] Kevin Cramer’s campaign website, “Issues,” accessed September 13, 2018

[10] Congress.gov, "H.R.2670 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024," accessed February 27, 2024

[11] Congress.gov, "H.R.6363 - Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024," accessed February 27, 2024

[12] Congress.gov, "H.R.5860 - Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act," accessed February 27, 2024

[13] Congress.gov, "H.R.3746 - Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023," accessed February 27, 2024

[14] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.7 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020." accessed February 23, 2024

[15] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.44 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'"" accessed February 28, 2024

[16] Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.30 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'." accessed February 23, 2024

[17] Congress.gov, "H.R.3684 - Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[18] Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[19] Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[20] Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022

[21] Congress.gov, "H.R.7776 - James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[22] Congress.gov, "S.3373 - Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[23] Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[24] Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022

[25] Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023

[26] Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[27] Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[28] Congress.gov, "S.937 - COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act," accessed April 15, 2022

[29] Congress.gov, "H.R.3076 - Postal Service Reform Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023

[30] Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[31] Congress.gov, "H.R.5305 - Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act," accessed January 23, 2023

[32] Congress.gov, "H.Res.24 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 15, 2022

[33] Congress.gov, "H.R.350 - Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023

[34] Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.14 - A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.," accessed April 15, 2022

[35] Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023

[36] Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023

[37] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed December 13, 2018

[38] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 284," June 21, 2018

[39] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 282," June 21, 2018

[40] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 434," accessed March 12, 2019

[41] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 549," October 3, 2017

[42] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 344," June 29, 2017

[43] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 342," June 29, 2017

[44] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 256," May 4, 2017

[45] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 405," September 26, 2018

[46] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 399," September 13, 2018

[47] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 313," June 28, 2018

[48] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 257," June 8, 2018

[49] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 216," May 22, 2018

[50] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 127," March 22, 2018

[51] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 69," February 9, 2018

[52] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 60," February 6, 2018

[53] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 44," January 22, 2018

[54] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 33," January 18, 2018

[55] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 708," December 21, 2017

[56] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 692," December 19, 2017

[57] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 670," December 7, 2017

[58] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 637," November 16, 2017

[59] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 589," October 26, 2017

[60] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 557," October 5, 2017

[61] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 528," September 14, 2017

[62] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 480," September 8, 2017

[63] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 441," September 6, 2017

[64] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 299," June 8, 2017

[65] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 249," May 3, 2017

[66] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 230," May 24, 2018

[67] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 49," January 30, 2018

[68] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 631," November 14, 2017

[69] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 435," July 27, 2017

[70] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 413," July 25, 2017

[71] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 437," July 28, 2017

[72] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 407," July 24, 2017

[73] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 378," July 14, 2017

[74] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 136," March 8, 2017

[75] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015

[76] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017

[77] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015

[78] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 361," June 12, 2015

[79] Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015

[80] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 362," June 12, 2015

[81] Roll Call, "Deadline for TAA Do-Over Vote Extended to July 30 (Updated)," June 15, 2015

[82] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 374," June 18, 2015

[83] Politico, "Trade turnaround: House backs new power for Obama," June 18, 2015

[84] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 388," June 24, 2015

[85] The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015

[86] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 239," accessed May 27, 2015

[87] Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015

[88] The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015

[89] Congress.gov, "S. 1356," accessed November 12, 2015

[90] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 618," accessed November 12, 2015

[91] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to S. 1356)," accessed November 12, 2015

[92] Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015

[93] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 183," accessed May 5, 2015

[94] The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015

[95] Congress.gov, "HR 1314 - Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015," accessed November 1, 2015

[96] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 579," accessed November 1, 2015

[97] Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1314)," accessed November 1, 2015

[98] Congress.gov, "H.R.1191 - Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015," accessed May 16, 2015

[99] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 226," accessed May 16, 2015

[100] Congress.gov, "HR 3461," accessed September 11, 2015

[101] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 493," accessed September 11, 2015

[102] Congress.gov, "HR 3460," accessed September 10, 2015

[103] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 494," accessed September 11, 2015

[104] Congress.gov, "H Res 411," accessed September 10, 2015

[rc492-105] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 492," accessed September 10, 2015

[106] Congress.gov, "HR 597," accessed November 2, 2015

[107] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 576," accessed November 2, 2015

[108] Congress.gov, "H.R.2048," accessed May 26, 2015

[109] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 224," accessed May 26, 2015

[110] Congress.gov, "HR 36 - the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act," accessed May 16, 2015

[111] Clerk.House.gov, "HR 36," accessed May 16, 2015

[112] Congress.gov, "HR 1731," accessed November 2, 2015

[113] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 173," accessed November 2, 2015

[114] Congress.gov, "HR 1560 - Protecting Cyber Networks Act," accessed November 1, 2015

[115] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 170," accessed November 1, 2015

[116] Congress.gov, "HR 4038 - the American SAFE Act of 2015," accessed November 20, 2015

[117] Clerk.House.gov, "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 643," accessed November 20, 2015

[118] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 112th Congress," accessed September 5, 2013

[119] Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 113th Congress," accessed March 4, 2014

[kv-120] 120.0 ^120.1 ^120.2 ^120.3 ^120.4 ^120.5 ^120.6 ^120.7 ^120.8 Project Vote Smart, "Kevin Cramer's Political Summary," accessed September 12, 2013

[121] Watchdog.org, "Congressman: Chance of Keystone pipeline approval under Obama ‘less than 50-50′," January 26, 2014

[122] The Library of Congress, "Bill Summary & Status - 113th Congress (2013 - 2014) - H.R.624," accessed August 27, 2013

[123] Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013

[124] Buzzfeed, "Government Shutdown: How We Got Here," accessed October 1, 2013

[125] Clerk of the U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 504," accessed October 31, 2013

[126] The Washington Post, "Reid, McConnell propose bipartisan Senate bill to end shutdown, extend borrowing," accessed October 16, 2013

[127] U.S. House, "Final vote results for Roll Call 550," accessed October 31, 2013

[128] Congress.gov, "H.R.273 - To eliminate the 2013 statutory pay adjustment for Federal employees.," February 25, 2013

[129] The Library of Congress, "H.AMDT.136," accessed September 11, 2013

[CS-130] 130.0 ^130.1 Chicago Sun-Times, "How they voted," August 9, 2013

[131] U.S. House, "House Resolution 676," accessed July 30, 2014

[132] Associated Press, "Suing Obama: GOP-led House gives the go-ahead," July 31, 2014

[133] Washington Post, "House clears way for lawsuit against Obama," accessed July 30, 2014

[134] OpenSecrets, "Kevin Cramer (R-ND), 2012," accessed January 15, 2013

[135] This number was found by dividing each member's total net worth growth percentage by the number of years included in the calculation.

[136] This figure was calculated using median asset data from the Census Bureau. Please see the Congressional Net Worth data for Ballotpedia spreadsheet for more information on this calculation.

[137] OpenSecrets.org, "Rep. Kevin Cramer," accessed September 29, 2014

[138] OpenCongress, "Rep. Kevin Cramer," archived February 25, 2016

[139] GovTrack, "Kevin Cramer," accessed October 19, 2015

[140] National Journal, "2013 Congressional Vote Ratings," accessed August 18, 2014

[141] Congressman Kevin Cramer, "About," accessed September 3, 2013

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