List of mammals of Pakistan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of a series on
Wildlife of Pakistan
Biodiversity
Conservation
Organizations
  • National

International

Related topics
The markhor, is the national animal of Pakistan
The snow leopard is the national heritage animal of Pakistan

This list of the mammals of Pakistan shows the conservation status of the 173 mammal species occurring in Pakistan, of which 12 are critically endangered, 11 are endangered, 14 are vulnerable, and 10 are near threatened. The largest mammal in Pakistan is the Himalayan brown bear. The markhor is the national animal of Pakistan. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:

DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.

Order: Primates[edit]

Rhesus macaque is the territorial animal of Islamabad

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[edit]

Indian crested porcupine
Woolly flying squirrel
Acomys dimidiatus
Indian desert jird

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[edit]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[edit]

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[edit]

Asian house shrew

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[edit]

Egyptian fruit bat
Serotine bat
Lesser noctule
Megaderma lyra

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[edit]

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

Order: Cetacea (whales)[edit]

Arabian humpback whales
Pygmy blue whale skeleton at the Pakistan Museum of Natural History
Melon-headed whale

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[edit]

Sand cat
Snow leopard, state animal of Pakistan
Indian wolf
Asiatic black bear
Stoat
European otter

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[edit]

Nilgai
Markhor, the national animal of Pakistan

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)[edit]

Locally extinct[edit]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of extinct animals of Pakistan.

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Timmins, R. J.; Richardson, M.; Chhangani, A. & Yongcheng, L. (2008). "Macaca mulatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T12554A3356486.
  2. ^ Groves, C. P. & Molur, S. (2008). "Semnopithecus ajax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T39833A10274370.
  3. ^ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. J. (2016). "Hystrix indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10751A115099509.
  4. ^ Aplin, K. (2016). "Mus terricolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13987A115119298.
  5. ^ Musser, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N. & Mitsain, G. (2016). "Mus musculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13972A115117618.
  6. ^ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2016). "Rattus pyctoris": e.T19370A115150159. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Kryštufek, B.; Palomo, L.J.; Hutterer, R.; Mitsain, G. & Yigit, N. (2015). "Rattus rattus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T19360A115148682.
  8. ^ Ruedas, L. (2016). "Rattus norvegicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19353A165118026.
  9. ^ Johnston, C.H.; Robinson, T.J.; Child, M.F. & Relton, C. (2019). "Lepus capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41277A45186750.
  10. ^ Nameer, P.O. & Smith, A.T. (2019). "Lepus nigricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41282A45188041.
  11. ^ Hutterer, R.; Molur, S. & Heaney, L. (2016). "Suncus murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41440A22287830.
  12. ^ Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Bates, P. & Francis, C. (2008). "Pteropus giganteus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T18725A8511108.
  13. ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis blythii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14124A22053297.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
  15. ^ Csorba, G. & Hutson, A.M. (2016). "Nyctalus noctula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14920A22015682.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14919A22016159.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Paunovic, M. & Karatas, A. (2010). "Hypsugo savii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T44856A10955205.
  18. ^ Benda, P.; Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2019). "Rhyneptesicus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T7935A22117147.
  19. ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus blasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19515A21972073.
  20. ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
  21. ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
  22. ^ Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
  23. ^ Mahmood, T.; Challender, D.; Khatiwada, A.; Andleeb, S.; Perera, P.; Trageser, S.; Ghose, A. & Mohapatra, R. (2019). "Manis crassicaudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12761A123583998.
  24. ^ Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Megaptera novaeangliae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T13006A50362794.
  25. ^ Braulik, G.T.; Smith, B.D.; Chaudhry, S. (2012). "Platanista gangetica ssp. minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T41757A17628296. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T41757A17628296.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  26. ^ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M. & Ford, J.K.B.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2012). "Kogia breviceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T11047A17692192.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Muhammad Irfan (12 September 2017). "First live sperm whales sighted in Pakistani waters: WWF (Video)". Daily Pakistan. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  28. ^ Gianna Minton (14 September 2017). "Sperm whales and blue whales sighted by fishermen off the coast of Pakistan". Arabian Sea Whale Network. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  29. ^ Reeves, R.; Pitman, R.L. & Ford, J.K.B. (2017). "Orcinus orca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15421A50368125.
  30. ^ Warda Imran (23 November 2017). "Karachi welcomes sighting of first killer whale at Churna Island". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  31. ^ Avgan, B.; Henschel, P. & Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Caracal caracal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3847A102424310.
  32. ^ Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
  33. ^ Ghoddousi, A.; Belbachir, F.; Durant, S.M.; Herbst, M. & Rosen, T. (2022). "Felis lybica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T131299383A154907281. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en.
  34. ^ Sliwa, A.; Ghadirian, T.; Appel, A.; Banfield, L.; Sher Shah, M. & Wacher, T. (2016). "Felis margarita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8541A50651884.
  35. ^ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
  36. ^ Ross, S.; Barashkova, A.; Dhendup, T.; Munkhtsog, B.; Smelansky, I.; Barclay, D. & Moqanaki, E. (2020). "Otocolobus manul". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15640A180145377.
  37. ^ Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Izawa, M.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A. & Wilting, A. (2015). "Prionailurus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18146A50661611.
  38. ^ Mukherjee, S.; Appel, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Sanderson, J.; Dahal, S.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Herranz Muñoz, V.; Malla, G.; Ratnayaka, A.; Kantimahanti, M.; Thudugala, A.; Thaung, R. & Rahman, H. (2016). "Prionailurus viverrinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T18150A50662615.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  39. ^ Stein, A. B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro, S.; Kamler, J.F. & Laguardia, A. (2016). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15954A160698029.
  40. ^ Sheikh, K.M. and Molur, S. (2004). Status and Red List of Pakistan's Mammals. Based on the Conservation Assessment and Management Plan. Islamabad: IUCN Pakistan.
  41. ^ McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D.; Jackson, R.; Zahler, P. & McCarthy, K. (2017). "Panthera uncia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22732A50664030.
  42. ^ Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A.; Mathai, J.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Chan, B. & Ross, J. (2016). "Paguma larvata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41692A45217601.
  43. ^ Choudhury, A.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Rahman, H.; Ghimirey, Y. & Mudappa, D. (2015). "Viverricula indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41710A45220632.
  44. ^ Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes edwardsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41611A45206787.
  45. ^ Jennings, A. & Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T70204120A70204139.
  46. ^ AbiSaid, M. & Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T10274A45195080.
  47. ^ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
  48. ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
  49. ^ Sharma DK, Maldonado JE, Jhala YV, Fleischer RC (February 2004). "Ancient wolf lineages in India". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 271 Suppl 3 (suppl_3): S1-4. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2003.0071. PMC 1809981. PMID 15101402.
  50. ^ Kamler, J. F.; Songsasen, N.; Jenks, K.; Srivathsa, A.; Sheng, L. & Kunkel, K. (2015). "Cuon alpinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T5953A72477893.
  51. ^ Jhala, Y.V. (2016). "Vulpes bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23049A81069636.
  52. ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2015). "Vulpes cana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T23050A48075169.
  53. ^ Mallon, D.; Murdoch, J.D. & Wacher, T. (2015). "Vulpes rueppelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T23053A46197483.
  54. ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
  55. ^ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
  56. ^ Garshelis, D. L. & Steinmetz, R. (2016). "Ursus thibetanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22824A114252336.
  57. ^ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
  58. ^ de Silva, P.; Khan, W.A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Reza Lubis, I.; Feeroz, M. M.; Al-Sheikhly, O.F. (2015). "Lutrogale perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12427A21934884.
  59. ^ Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Choudhury, A.; Abramov, A.V.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Rahman, H.; Hearn, A.; Dinets, V. & Willcox, D.H.A. (2016). "Martes flavigula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41649A45212973.
  60. ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
  61. ^ Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K. & Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mellivora capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41629A45210107.
  62. ^ Abramov, A. (2016). "Mustela altaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41653A45213647.
  63. ^ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
  64. ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Vormela peregusna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29680A45203971.
  65. ^ Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W. (2015). "Moschus leucogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13901A61977764.
  66. ^ Duckworth, J.W.; Kumar, N.S.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H. & Timmins, R. (2015). "Axis axis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41783A22158006.
  67. ^ Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Samba Kumar, N.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Baral, H.S.; Long, B. & Maxwell, A. (2015). "Axis porcinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41784A22157664.
  68. ^ Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W. & Hedges, S. (2016). "Muntiacus muntjak". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42190A56005589.
  69. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella bennettii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8978A50187762.
  70. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella subgutturosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8976A50187422.
  71. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Boselaphus tragocamelus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2893A115064758.
  72. ^ Weinberg, P. & Ambarli, H. (2020). "Capra aegagrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T3786A22145942.
  73. ^ Michel, S. & Rosen Michel, T. (2015). "Capra falconeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T3787A97218336.
  74. ^ Reading, R.; Michel, S.; Suryawanshi, K. & Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2020). "Capra sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T42398A22148720.
  75. ^ Duckworth, J.W. & MacKinnon, J. (2008). "Naemorhedus goral". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T14296A4430073.
  76. ^ Reading, R.; Michel, S. & Amgalanbaatar, S. (2020). "Ovis ammon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15733A22146397.
  77. ^ Michel, S. & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Ovis vignei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54940655A54940728.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  78. ^ Harris, R.B. (2014). "Pseudois nayaur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T61513537A64313015.
  79. ^ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
  80. ^ Durant, S.; Mitchell, N.; Ipavec, A. & Groom, R. (2015). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T219A50649567.
  81. ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Antilope cervicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T1681A50181949.
  82. ^ Brook, S.M.; Donnithorne-Tait, D.; Lorenzini, R.; Lovari, S.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Ahmad, K. & Thakur, M. (2017). "Cervus hanglu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T4261A120733024.
  83. ^ Williams, C.; Tiwari, S.K.; Goswami, V.R.; de Silva, S.; Easa, P.S.; Kumar, A.; Baskaran, N.; Yoganand, K. & Menon, V. (2020). "Elephas maximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T7140A45818198.
  84. ^ Kaczensky, P.; Lkhagvasuren, B.; Pereladova, O.; Hemami, M.; Bouskila, A. (2016). "Equus hemionus ssp. khur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T7963A3144616.
  85. ^ Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P. F.; Henschel, P. & Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15951A115130419.
  86. ^ Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y. & Karanth, U. (2015). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T15955A50659951.
  87. ^ Ellis, S. & Talukdar, B. (2019). "Rhinoceros unicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19496A18494149.
  88. ^ Duckworth, J. W.; Kumar, N.S.; Pokharel, C.P.; Baral, H. S. & Timmins, R. J. (2015). "Rucervus duvaucelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T4257A22167675.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mammals of Pakistan.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_mammals_of_Pakistan&oldid=1157930084"