GREENSBORO, N.C. (WGHP) — As the Powerball jackpot smashes another record and soars to an estimated $1.9 billion, you may be wondering what a win like that would actually look like.

When you win the lottery jackpot, you’re given a choice between a lump-sum payment or an annuity paid out over nearly three decades. Most lottery winners opt for a lump-sum prize. No one has chosen the annuity option since 2014, according to Axios.

According to the North Carolina Education Lottery, a winner that chooses the lump sum would get $929.1 million before taxes. The annuity, on the other hand, would pay out the full $1.9 billion over 29 years.

How is the jackpot estimate calculated?

To understand the discrepancy between the lump sum and the annuity, it’s worth knowing what exactly goes into that estimated jackpot.

The amount of the “advertised Grand Prize estimate” isn’t as simple as taking a percentage of total sales. The Multi-State Lottery Association says it involves “many factors.” The biggest two, however, are sales and what they refer to as “the annuity factor.”

“The annuity factor is made up of interest rates for securities purchased to fund prize payments,” the Powerball website says. “The higher the interest rates, the higher the advertised Grand Prize. You might not realize that an economic reality like interest rates impact even the Powerball jackpot, but they do!”

Annuity

The annuity allows you to collect your winnings in 30 payments over 29 years, but those payments are not divided into 30 even chunks. Each payment is supposed to be 5% larger than the last.

Assuming that the jackpot total is exactly $1.9 billion, your first payment would likely be in the ballpark of $28.6 million. Your second, with another 5% tacked on, would be about $30 million. By that math, your 30th and final payment would end up at about $117.7 million.

For the winner, that 5% annual increase is fixed. But for lottery leaders, it’s all about federal interest rates.

While you may be getting a static 5% increase each year, the lottery is paying you through government bonds which continue to pick up interest based on federal interest rates over those 29 years. The Powerball commission has to keep those federal interest rates in mind when they’re determining the Grand Prize total.

While it may be enticing to go for the full $1.9 billion annuity over the reduced lump sum, you have to remember that you wouldn’t get your final payment until 2051, and that money may not go as far then as it does now. The USInflationCalculator.com says that a product that went for $100 in 1993 (29 years ago) would cost about $205.40 in today’s money.

And if you’re worried about what will happen to your annuity if you die before the 29 years is up, there’s good news. According to Powerball, if a jackpot winner dies before receiving all annual installments, “the balance of the prize will be paid to the winner’s estate. Upon receipt of a court order, annual prize payments will continue to be paid to the winner’s heirs. Other provisions may also apply depending on the laws of the lottery paying the prize.”

Lump sum

The Powerball Finance and Audit Committee determines how much the cash option is worth by multiplying the overall prize amount “by a discount value” that they set before each drawing.

This time around that cash value is $929.1 million, less than half the amount you would get through the annuity. But, as they say, one in the hand is worth two in the bush.

While that $929.1 million is a far cry from the $1.9 billion you thought you were getting, you still have ways to turn your lump sum into more money through your own investments. A bit of clever investing, and you could, theoretically, end up turning that lump sum into much more than $1.9 billion—or you could end up losing it all. At that point, the ball is in your court.

What about the taxes?

Let’s say you win and decide that $929.1 million lump sum is plenty, opting for the one-time payment. Then, you’re immediately going to be saying goodbye to about a third of that.

The lottery automatically withholds 24% (in this case, $222.984 million) for federal taxes on all prizes over $5,000.

And North Carolina taxes any lottery winnings over $600 as income. For 2022, the individual income tax rate is 4.99%, which means the lottery would withhold about $46,362,090. Keep in mind that different states tax winnings at different rates.

That would leave you with $659,753,910. But come tax time, you will likely face a hefty charge. Just because the state lottery withholds 24% for federal taxes doesn’t mean that’s all you owe. A win of $929.1 million will push you well over the highest tax bracket. The exact amount you’ll owe will depend on the rest of your income.

Let’s say your individual income is zero, and you’re not married. You can check out the chart below from NerdWallet that shows you what the current federal income tax brackets for 2022.

Don’t worry, we did the math for you! All in all, you would likely owe $343,835,851.50 in taxes. Assuming the state already withheld that 24% ($222.984 million), you would still need to pay more than $120.9 million in taxes when you file.

And that’s if your income was zero. If you make $50,000 a year, you would owe an additional $18,500 on top of that.

If you choose the annuity, you may be taking a risk. Unlike the lump sum, you don’t pay your taxes on it all at once. If tax rates go down in the future, that just means you get to keep more of your winnings. That said, if tax rates go up, you may find yourself wishing you had cut your losses at the lump sum.

At least in terms of North Carolina individual income tax, we know that rates will be going down over the next few years. While the tax rate is 4.99% in 2022, it will go down to 4.75% in 2023, then to 4.60% in 2024, then to 4.50% in 2025, then to 4.25% in 2026 and finally down to 3.99% after 2026.

In terms of federal taxes, the 2023 federal income tax rates may be a little kinder than 2022.