What Is Freelancing? Basics, Examples, and Popular Jobs in 2024

The gig economy is growing fast as more professionals put their skills to use as freelancers. In fact, an Upwork study revealed that59 million American professionals were involved in freelancing in 2023—representing more than a third of the United States workforce.

What is freelancing, and how and why should someone consider becoming a freelancer? This article defines what freelancing is, presents its pros and cons, explains how it differs from full-time work, and outlines the types of freelance work available.

• What is freelancing?‍
• How does freelancing work?‍
• Important statistics freelancers should know in 2024‍
• Benefits of freelancing ‍
• Disadvantages of freelancing‍
• Main differences between freelancing and a full-time job‍
• 9 categories of in-demand freelance work
• Tips on how to start freelancing and be successful in 2024
• Ready to be freelancing?

What is freelancing?

Freelancing is doing specific work for clients without committing to full-time employment. Freelancers often take on multiple projects with different clients simultaneously. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) considers freelancers to be self-employed individuals.

How does freelancing work?

Freelancers handle contract work on a part-time or full-time basis and often sign agreements before starting projects.

With freelancing, the client pays per project, per task, or per hour, depending on the agreement. Freelance projects typically involve short-term assignments, although satisfied clients often request follow-on work. Most freelance jobs are available in the skills, service, and creative sectors, such as copywriting, programming, engineering, and marketing.

Important statistics freelancers should know in 2024

Below are some important statistics every freelancer should know, including information on hourly rates, highest-paying roles, and the future of freelancing.

• Freelancer services. 47% of freelancers provide knowledge-based services, including marketing and programming.
• Highest-paying roles. Public relations (PR) managers and business consultants are among the highest-paid freelance roles, with PR managers bringing in between $50 and $100 per hour and business consultants earning between $28 and $98 hourly.
• Average hourly rate. The average hourly rate for freelancers in North America is $44.
• Time spent on gig work. 38% of Americans spend 10-20 hours per week on gig work.
• Reason for freelancing. 72% of U.S. freelancers state their main reason for freelancing is to be in control of their financial future.
• Future of freelancing. Projections indicate that over 50% of the American workforce will be freelancing in 2027.

Benefits of freelancing

Being your own boss as a freelancer comes with many potential perks, including:

• Flexibility. As a freelancer, you’re able to choose your own hours and decide when and where to work. For example, you can work from home or when you’re at the beach. Freelancing flexibility helps promote a better work-life balance.
• Choice of clients and projects. Working as a freelancer allows you to select the projects that match your skills and interests. You can also pick clients who fit particular criteria.
• Setting your own rates. You may enjoy greater control of your earnings potential since you generally set your own rates as a freelancer. The amount of work you’re able to handle daily or weekly is another factor likely to determine your earnings.
• Improved skill set. As a freelancer, you may have the opportunity to work on more specialized projects, giving you greater experience with niche subject areas.
• Exposure to global brands. Because you can choose your clients and projects, you have the opportunity to develop meaningful relationships with businesses from around the world.

Disadvantages of freelancing

While being a freelancer offers many advantages, you’ll also want to consider potential downside.

• Isolation. Unlike a part-time or full-time job, having a freelance business may get lonely, especially if you’re working remotely. If you thrive on day-to-day interactions with colleagues in a work environment, you may find freelancing isolating.
• Uncertain job security. Freelance work is likely to be erratic—you might have more work than you know what to do with at some points but struggle to land projects at other times. You may need to continue working in your regular job to maintain a steady income in the early stages of your freelancing career.
• Administrative responsibilities. As your own boss, you’ll need to handle legal paperwork, invoicing, marketing, and other relevant administrative duties. These responsibilities may require considerable knowledge of bookkeeping, self-employment tax regulations, and office technology and take time from your area of focus.
• No employer-funded benefits. As a self-employed person, you don’t have an employer who contributes to health insurance, 401(k) retirement offerings, and other benefits often associated with a full-time job .

Main differences between freelancing and a full-time job

The ideal choice between freelancing and full-time employment depends on individual considerations of what's important. Compare these main differences to help you make the best decision for your personal situation.

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9 categories of in-demand freelance work

One of the best features of the gig economy is that you can work in various sectors depending on your skill set. Below, we list some popular work categories available for independent contractors.

Development and IT

The following development and IT roles involve designing and maintaining technology systems and digital software that power organizations.

• Web developer. This job involves writing code for website layouts that result in fully functional sites. Web developers are responsible for creating, maintaining, and scaling clients’ websites according to specific requirements.
• UX designer. User experience designers help ensure a smooth online experience by designing user-friendly elements of a website, software, or mobile app. They provide usability solutions based on extensive research and competitor analysis.
• Programmer. Programming is a popular field that involves working with computers and software development. This highly technical area is a good choice if you’re keen on writing code for a living.
• Machine learning engineer. These engineers are responsible for building and deploying AI (artificial intelligence) models that can analyze data and make predictions. For example, they might develop an algorithm that can recognize images of objects, such as cars or animals, and classify them into different categories. This job requires a background in computer science and knowledge of programming languages like Python and R.
• Data analyst. Data analysts collect and analyze data to reveal insights that can inform business decisions. They use tools like SQL and Excel to clean and organize data sets. They work in multiple industries, such as health care and marketing.
• AI researcher. As an AI researcher, you'll analyze data and design experiments to develop new algorithms and models to improve AI systems. This role requires thorough knowledge of computer science, mathematics, and statistics.

Design and creative

Freelance creative professionals create visual elements, content, and products to capture users’ attention.

• Graphic designer. If you venture into freelance graphic design, you may help clients create attractive logos, corporate literature, or website branding elements.
• Video editor. Depending on the project scope, a video editor may do basic or more comprehensive editing. General responsibilities include putting together graphics, audio, and effects to ensure a compelling finished product.
• Website designer. When you work as a freelance web designer, your role is to create and maintain high-quality websites. You help clients make the right decisions when picking themes, integrating plug-ins, or choosing content management systems (CMS). Also, it’s your job to update the code and put together design elements, such as banners and graphics. ‍
• Photographer. Freelance photographers work with organizations to make the best photos for marketing, website content, and other business purposes. You might also be hired to take pictures during weddings, birthdays, and other special events.
• Videographer. A videographer specializes in creating video content for various purposes, including marketing and education. They capture high-quality video footage using cameras and other equipment, and then edit to produce the final product.

Sales and marketing

As businesses are always looking to make money, freelance sales and marketing professionals are in high demand.

• Social media marketer. This role involves creating engaging social media posts, managing social media accounts, and monitoring comments and messages. They also analyze the performance of their marketing campaigns to optimize for maximum engagement and reach.
• Marketing strategist. Clients hire marketing strategists to help develop customer outreach programs and advertising campaigns that deliver results. Partnering with an experienced freelance marketing expert can make achieving sales targets easier.
• Customer contact manager. A customer contact manager ensures that service quality matches customers’ expectations. Customer wait times form part of the minimum service standards that the manager monitors. This freelance professional also sets customer service targets and creates a staff development plan.
• Content creator. Content creators create engaging content for social media, websites, blogs, and video channels using text, images, and video to share valuable information or promote a product.
• SEO specialist. This position involves optimizing websites to improve their visibility in search engine results pages. This process involves conducting keyword research, building backlinks, and analyzing website traffic to drive more conversions and sales for a business.

Writing and translation

This category includes a range of jobs related to producing written content and translating materials between different languages. These roles require exceptional communication skills and attention to detail.

• Copywriter. As a copywriting professional, you might be responsible for creating newsletters, website copy, social media posts, and other types of content. It’s your job to write engaging content that teaches and inspires readers. Some writing jobs focus on producing content published in print media.
• Content writer. These writers create instructional, educational, or entertaining content that informs and engages the reader. They deliver written material for websites, social media, and other digital platforms. Their approach differs from that of copywriters as copywriters usually concentrate on producing more persuasive content.
• Technical writer. This role entails creating user guides, instruction manuals, and technical reports that help users understand complex technical information. They work with subject matter experts to make sure the content is accurate and easy to understand.
• Editor. Freelance editing involves reviewing content for typos, grammatical errors, and overall adherence to the content brief and style guide. You’re also responsible for fact-checking before submitting finished documents to clients.
• Translator/interpreter. Freelance translators are hired to accurately convert text from one language to another. The translated content may appear on websites, marketing materials, and product manuals.

Admin and customer support

This category offers a wide selection of job opportunities across multiple functional areas. Freelancers in these roles support the customer directly or work with systems related to customer needs and transactions.

• Customer service coordinator. You can thrive as a freelance customer service coordinator if you have excellent communication skills. Your responsibilities may include ensuring that customers receive effective service, performing quality surveys, and dealing with customer complaints.
• Database manager. In this field, your role is to manage customer data databases. It’s your responsibility to keep sensitive information secure and well-organized.
• E-commerce manager. Due to the popularity of online shopping, needs are ever increasing for experienced e-commerce managers. You’ll be responsible for managing inventory, overseeing site maintenance, and optimizing marketing strategies.
• Virtual assistant. This role involves providing virtual administrative support to individuals or businesses. It includes tasks such as scheduling appointments, organizing travel arrangements, and conducting research. These tasks help clients save time and increase productivity.
• Project manager. A project manager is responsible for managing schedules, finances, and conflicts to ensure that projects are completed on time and within budget. Project managers use their leadership and communication skills to manage teams and stakeholders throughout the project.

Finance and accounting

You can find many new clients looking for financial experts to help them organize records, make informed financial decisions, and manage taxes (including administering payroll tax payments and filing business income tax returns).

• Accountant. Clients hire freelance accountants to help prepare reports, manage financial information, and put together budgets. Many projects also involve preparing tax returns, mainly for start-ups.
• Financial adviser. As a financial adviser, you will work closely with clients to help them manage personal or business finances. Clients expect solid advice and compliance based on your expertise and ongoing research.
• Investor. Many clients look for freelance investment professionals to get expert advice before making critical decisions. In many cases, an expert analyzes a target company’s equity to determine its financial health before providing recommendations to the client.
• Bookkeeper. A bookkeeper keeps track of a company's financial transactions, including purchases and sales. They might also prepare financial reports and manage accounts payable and receivable.

Human resources

HR professionals recruit and hire new employees, manage benefits and compensation packages, and enforce company policies. They also work to foster a culture of inclusivity and encourage employee engagement.

• Payroll manager. Freelance payroll managers assist clients with payroll functions and ensure efficient and accurate processing.
• Recruiter. As a freelance recruiter, you’re responsible for screening job candidates and coming up with recruiting strategies. You can work with multiple clients simultaneously to help them recruit their ideal candidates.
• General HR expert. Clients hire freelance human resources (HR) experts to assist in managing worker development. In some cases, the projects involve establishing HR policies and procedures.

Legal

Freelance roles in the legal category include providing legal advice, representing clients, and ensuring legal processes are accurately followed.

• Lawyer. Freelance projects for lawyers allow you to work with companies, individuals, and law firms. Depending on your specialty, you may assist clients with corporate legal matters or family cases.
• Remote secretary. As a remote secretary, you might work on projects involving various administrative duties, such as scheduling appointments, sending invoices, and filing correspondences.
• Paralegal. Clients hire freelance paralegals to assist in drafting litigation documents and handling electronic filings. Additional duties may include patent work, document management, and e-discovery (a form of digital investigation).

Engineering and architecture

The engineering and architecture category includes jobs related to designing and building structures, products, and systems. They may work in a variety of settings, including construction firms and government agencies.

• Architect. Many clients post projects involving building design and permit submissions. As an architect, you can pick projects involving structural or civil designs, depending on your experience and skill set.
• Interior designer. If you’re an interior designer, you’re likely to advise clients regarding furniture layout and material options. You might also use digital tools for virtual visualization.
• Remote mechanical engineer. Freelance mechanical engineers help clients design and develop machines, sensors, and tools. Some projects involve troubleshooting mechanical issues and handling repairs.
• 3D modeler. A 3D modeler creates three-dimensional models of objects using specialized software. They work closely with other professionals, including game designers, art directors, and architects, to ensure that the models meet the desired specifications.

Tips on how to start freelancing and be successful in 2024

If you're thinking about starting a freelancing career, you’ll want to keep a few things in mind, including defining your niche and building a strong portfolio. Consider these nine tips that can help you establish yourself as a successful freelancer.

Define your industry or niche

Choose an area of expertise or a field of interest that you have familiarity with or feel passionate about. Selecting a specific industry helps you to focus your efforts on one area and build your reputation as an expert in that field. For example, if you’re a graphic designer, you may want to specialize in creating logos or designing websites.

Build a portfolio to showcase your work

Building a portfolio displays your skills and expertise to potential clients. You can sign up on the Upwork platform to showcase your work. Make sure to include your best work, projects you have completed, and testimonials from satisfied clients.

If you don't have any previous work to showcase, you can still build a portfolio by contributing to open-source projects or creating personal projects that showcase your creativity and problem-solving skills.

Determine your rates

Ensure that your pricing for services is reasonable and fair. Research the market rate for your services by using Upwork’s hourly rate guide or other websites and set your rates accordingly. Your rates may also depend on your experience, skills, and the type of assignment you’re working on. Make sure to communicate your rates clearly to your clients before starting any project.

Use social media to promote your services

Social media is a great way to reach a wide audience to promote your freelancing services. You can use professional platforms like LinkedIn to promote your work and build a personal brand. You can also join freelancing groups and communities to connect with potential clients and professionals in your industry.

Acquire new clients

Upwork makes applying for freelance jobs in your specific industry easy. You can set your rate, hours, and desired project length to find roles that fit your preferences. You can also reach out to your network, attend seminars or networking events, and use social media to connect with potential clients. Make sure to personalize your approach and showcase your skills and expertise to win new clients.

Continuously improve your skills and knowledge

Continuous learning enables you to provide the best service for your clients. You can read relevant articles or take courses online to stay updated on the latest trends and technologies. For example, if you’re a freelance social media marketer, consider taking digital marketing courses on Coursera to improve your skills.

Set clear expectations with clients

Setting clear expectations and boundaries with clients ensures that both parties are on the same page. You should communicate your availability, deadlines, and project requirements to avoid miscommunication. A freelance web designer who’s been hired to create a website for a client would let the client know when they can expect to see the first design drafts and agree on a deadline for the completed website.

Respond promptly and professionally to all client inquiries

Prompt and professional communication helps you to build a good relationship with your clients. You should respond to all client inquiries in a timely manner and provide clear and concise answers to client questions. This can help to build confidence and credibility in your services and increase the chances of repeat business.

Stay organized with project management tools

Staying organized helps you deliver high-quality work on time and within budget. On Upwork, you can track your working hours and collaborate with clients and team members. You can also follow the RACI model—which stands for Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed—to clarify the responsibilities of team members to ensure each person understands their role in a project. In addition, implementing capacity management tools like Toggl Plan or Jira can help you manage your team's workload and optimize resource allocation.

Ready to start freelancing?

Once you know the type of freelance work you have the skills for and are interested in pursuing, you’ll be able to reach many potential clients by using a freelance marketplace or freelance website. However, not all platforms are created equal.

Fortunately, if you’re reading this article, you’ve already discovered one of the world’s leading remote work platforms. Upwork is an award-winning platform that helps to connect freelancers with clients from across the globe. Pick your niche, choose the projects you want, and get started building lasting relationships and pursuing the long-term career of your choice.

Find your next gig by checking out the extensive job listings on Upwork today.

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​​Upwork is not affiliated with and does not sponsor or endorse any of the tools or services discussed in this article. These tools and services are provided only as potential options, and each reader and company should take the time needed to adequately analyze and determine the tools or services that would best fit their specific needs and situation.