By Laura Blumenfeld
Washington Post Staff Writer
Tuesday, September 10, 1991; Page F01
ho's afraid of Virginia Thomas? She's a soft-spoken, hard-working
daughter of the heartland. A brainy Omaha lawyer who has scaled the
sheetrock of professional Washington. A churchgoer who invites homeless
people out to lunch. A good friend. A good family. Why the fuss over
Mrs. Supreme Court Nominee?
Her critics see her as more than just the supportive spouse who'll
accompany her husband, Clarence, today as he begins Senate confirmation
hearings. They see a woman with strong opinions on issues that are bound
to come before the court. They find in her further grounds for opposing
him.
Some women's rights activists are upset by her lobbying against such
issues as comparable-worth legislation and the Family Leave Act. Some
religious rights groups are troubled by her anti-cult activities in
light of her involvement with Lifespring, a controversial motivational
group.
Even the color of her skin is being used to determine the content of
Clarence Thomas's character. The fact that she is white has drawn
criticism from some blacks who see the marriage as evidence that
Clarence Thomas has rejected his roots.
"My real question is, Why me?" said Virginia Thomas, when asked for
an interview. She has declined to talk with reporters until after the
hearings. She's not the story, she said. Yet she is a compelling and
persuasive figure.
"The one person {Clarence Thomas} really listens to is Virginia,"
said longtime friend Evan Kemp, chairman of the Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission. "He depends on her for advice."
Even the way the two of them came together seems surprising -- at
first. Clarence spent his childhood with segregation and bigotry, in a
dirt-poor town with no sewers or paved roads. His father abandoned him
when he was 2 years old. Virginia grew up in lily-white suburbia; her
parents wintered in Florida. Her father, a successful engineer, doted on
his children.
But look deeper and you'll find the perfect couple. They both keep
five pictures of each other on their desks. Married more than four
years, they act "like they're on their honeymoon," one close friend
said. "Intellectual soul mates," said another. Ideologically, they are
so in sync that they both took stands against comparable worth well
before they met.
In their respective careers, the Thomases have embraced the view
that women and minorities are hindered, rather than helped, by
affirmative action and government programs. True equality is achieved by
holding everyone to the same standard, they believe.
"I don't think it's fair to say she's anti-women's rights," said
Ricky Silberman, vice chairwoman of the EEOC and a friend of the
Thomases. She said Virginia Thomas opposed legislation on comparable
worth because it would have involved the government in determining
wages, which is "not good for the economy, not good for workers, not
good for women."
Virginia Thomas has represented the conservative viewpoint in her
jobs as a staffer for a Republican congressman, as spokeswoman at the
U.S. Chamber of Congress and as deputy assistant secretary at the
Department of Labor.
"Virginia Thomas is not supporting the interests of working women in
America by the positions she's taken," said Pat Taylor, president of
Business and Professional Women. "She can have only a negative influence
on her husband, which is unfortunate because you'd like to believe that
women who achieve a position of responsibility and influence would use
that position to help women."
"If he is influenced by his wife, a white conservative who lobbied
against comparable pay for women, he will be anti-women's issues," wrote
USA Today columnist Barbara Reynolds in a July 5 piece. Reynolds, who is
black, also is concerned by Thomas's choice of a white wife.
"It may sound bigoted; well, this is a bigoted world and why can't
black people be allowed a little Archie Bunker mentality?" Reynolds said
later. "Here's a man who's going to decide crucial issues for the
country and he has already said no to blacks; he has already said if he
can't paint himself white he'll think white and marry a white woman."
Clarence Thomas advocates a colorblind society, and his marriage may
well be an example of that philosophy. But others see a different
symbolism.
"His marrying a white woman is a sign of his rejection of the black
community," said Russell Adams, chairman of Howard University's
department of Afro-American studies. "Great justices have had community
roots that served as a basis for understanding the Constitution.
Clarence's lack of a sense of community makes his nomination troubling."
Some religious leaders are troubled as well. Dean Kelley, the
National Council of Churches' counselor on religious liberty, wrote a
critique of Clarence Thomas that was used as grounds for his
organization's opposition to the Supreme Court nominee. The author did
not mention Virginia Thomas in his text, but said in an interview that
he was concerned about her involvement in the Cult Awareness Network
(CAN), a Chicago-based organization that says it educates the public
about "destructive" cults. That involvement, he said, might affect her
husband's handling of religious liberty cases if he shares her views on
the subject.
Clarence Thomas is not a member of CAN, although he has attended at
least one CAN event with his wife, who is a member, according to Cynthia
Kisser, the group's executive director.
"The mere fact that she is involved in CAN is chilling in terms of
free exercise of religion," said Earl Trent, counsel for the American
Baptist Churches. Kelley, among others, says members of the anti-cult
organization support forcible deprogramming of religious adherents. CAN
denies the charges.
Trent said freedom of religion has come under attack in recent
Supreme Court decisions and "a Supreme Court justice's wife who is
involved in activities which threaten that freedom makes us uneasy."
Prairie Republican Uneasy? Chilling? Negative influence?
She is a tall woman, with friendly brown curls, clever blue eyes and
a smile that makes you smile. How did this amiable 34-year-old wind up
churning so many a gut?
Ginni Thomas grew up in Omaha, the youngest of four children. Her
parents, Donald and Marjorie Lamp, were upper-middle-class Republican
Party insiders who stressed family and religion at home.
Ginni loved visiting her uncle's farm in Iowa, where she could drive
the family tractor. But she was no corn husker. In high school she
showed her proclivity for politics, wowing teachers and her classmates
in student government, the debate club and the teenage Republican club.
("She was a good student and that's all," her father said before
affirming his wariness toward the press and hanging up.)
"Mom was the big politician and Ginni wanted to be like her," said
her brother Russell Lamp, 16 years her senior. Marjorie Lamp ran
unsuccessfully for the state legislature, served on county and state
Republican central committees and was a delegate to national
conventions, he said.
Ginni went on to the Jesuit-run Creighton University in Omaha and
earned a BA in business communications and political science. She
attended Creighton's law school in the early 1980s and, as always,
excelled.
"She was hungrier to learn than most students I've had in 12 years,"
said Richard Shagrue, a law school professor. Thomas studied constantly,
but managed to find time to help organize several campaigns for local
Republicans, among them Hal Daub, a friend of the Lamps. Freshman
congressman Daub arrived in Washington in January 1981 with his star
volunteer in tow.
Thomas thrived in Daub's office, said her then-office manager, Jack
Horner. On Ginni's first day, Horner checked in early, at 8 a.m., to
show her that he and his staff were a hard-working crew. But when he
arrived at the office, he found Thomas busy at her desk. "She had been
there since the crack of dawn," he said.
Thomas worked her way up to legislative director. She had a great
rapport with Daub and was "in sync" with the congressman's opinions,
including his antiabortion stance, Horner said.
"She was exuberant, enthusiastic and very excited," said Mark
Mackee, a fellow staffer. "It was the early Reagan years and she was in
the middle of it."
The Lifespring Experience She also was in the middle of a mess.
During the early '80s, Thomas enrolled in Lifespring, a self-help
course that challenges students to take responsibility for their lives.
Most of the program's 300,000 graduates have found it be a favorable
experience. There are, however, a small percentage of clients who are
deeply disturbed by Lifespring's methods, which involve intense
emotional self-examination.
Thomas told a Washington Post reporter in 1987 that she was confused
and troubled by some of Lifespring's exercises. In one session, trainees
listened to "The Stripper" while disrobing to skimpy bikinis and bathing
suits. The group stood in a U-shaped line, made fun of fat people's
bodies and riddled one another with sexual questions.
"At first Ginni was feeling pretty good and enthusiastic about
Lifespring," recalls her minister, the Rev. Rodney Wilmoth of Omaha's
St. Paul United Methodist Church, who corresponded with Thomas at the
time. "But later she was concerned about its influence and began to
sense the organization had a cultlike mentality."
Terry Nelson, vice president of Lifespring, said the group is not a
cult and that Virginia Thomas's account of the training exercises has
been taken out of context. "Are our people enthusiastic, intense and
emotional? Yes," Nelson said.
Bronson Levin, a clinical psychologist in Bailey's Crossroads and a
Lifespring graduate who specializes in treating what he calls
"casualties," said people who are not prepared for the intense emotional
experience of Lifespring or who have hidden traumas tend to become
overwhelmed as childhood memories come thundering back to them during
training.
"I remember Ginni felt manipulated by the group," Wilmoth said. "She
was losing her own freedom of who she was."
It took Thomas months to break fully from Lifespring's
"high-pressure tactics," she told The Post in 1987. "I had
intellectually and emotionally gotten myself so wrapped up with this
group that I was moving away from my family and friends and the people I
work with. My best friend came to visit me and I was preaching at her
using that rough attitude they teach you."
Finally, Daub, Thomas's boss, confronted her. "We talked about it
and ultimately she thought it through and took action to extricate
herself," Daub said.
Thomas contacted Kevin Garvey, a Connecticut stockbroker turned
counselor, who gets a steady stream of referrals from psychologists and
physicians.
"I got a phone call from her asking for help," Garvey recalled. He
met with her from 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. at Hamburger Hamlet in Georgetown on
a Sunday afternoon in 1984, he said, and left feeling satisfied that the
young woman would be all right. "The picture of her as a totally
destroyed individual is not true," he said.
Thomas felt guilty about breaking her Lifespring "commitment," she
said in the 1987 interview. She hid out in another part of the country
to avoid constant phone calls from fellow trainees who felt it was their
responsibility to make Thomas keep her commitment to Lifespring.
Her friends describe her as levelheaded, thoughtful, smart. Her
involvement with Lifespring baffles them. But at least one close friend
had an inkling.
"There's a kind of naivete about her, a kind of innocence you have
to be careful with," said Wilmoth, her minister. "Ginni is a very, very
trusting person -- she once invited a homeless man out to lunch with her
in a fancy Washington restaurant -- I'm sure that's one of the reasons
she was very susceptible to this group. She was looking for spiritual
growth and trusted those people would do the right thing."
Cult Awareness Since 1985 Ginni Thomas has been a public advocate
against cult activities. She has attended Cult Awareness Network
conventions, including the 1990 convention in Chicago, according to
Patricia Ryan, who is the organization's president and the daughter of
Leo Ryan, the congressman killed at Jonestown, Guyana. Thomas has spoken
on panels and organized anti-cult workshops for congressional staffers
in 1986 and 1988.
"Ginni feels she has been personally victimized and feels a
responsibility to educate others," Ryan said.
CAN, however, has had its own share of trouble. Religious liberty
advocates accuse it of supporting deprogrammers who kidnap members of
religious groups and coerce them to undergo treatment. CAN's adversaries
have included fundamentalist Christian splinter groups, the Church of
Scientology and the Unification Church.
CAN officials maintain that cults tried to stifle Thomas's
activities while she worked at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce as a labor
relations attorney during the mid-'80s. Fred Krebs, Thomas's supervisor,
confirmed receiving letters objecting to her involvement in anti-cult
work. He declined to name the group that sent the letters but said,
"Ginni was very careful not to identify herself with the Chamber while
pursuing her anti-cult activities."
CAN officials said cult groups are trying to use Virginia Thomas's
involvement with the network to torpedo her husband's nomination.
"If Ginni is the wife of a Supreme Court justice, it's probably a
little scary for the cults," Ryan said.
The year Ginni Lamp married Clarence Thomas, now 43, the Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission began taking an interest in the role
of new age groups in the workplace. The EEOC, then headed by Clarence
Thomas, started work on a policy statement governing "new age training
programs which conflict with employees' religious beliefs," according to
Cathleen Courtney, the EEOC staff attorney who drafted the memo in May
1987.
It was the same month the couple were married.
Virginia Thomas was very concerned about such training programs,
according to Peter Georgiades, a Pittsburgh lawyer who has filed cases
against Lifespring and who met Thomas through their anti-cult
activities.
"Ginni was interested in the problem of employers effectively
compelling employees to participate in training which was inimical to
their religious beliefs," Georgiades said. "She would ask me about it,
to think about the problem and possible solutions."
Clarence Thomas signed an EEOC "policy guidance" explaining the
legal rights of employees who object to such training in September 1988.
Virginia Thomas was thrilled, Georgiades recalls. No one, from top EEOC
officials on down, could state with certainty where the initiative for
the policy had come from, although Courtney suggested it may have been
prompted by press reports or field complaints. Asked about the policy
guidance, Ginni Thomas said she was familiar with it, but declined to
comment on its genesis.
"Virginia is very smart and a very good lobbyist," said Evan Kemp,
current chairman of the EEOC. "She might have discussed it with him, but
even though {her husband} is madly in love with her, he is very
independent."
Kemp said he did not think Clarence Thomas signed off on the policy
because of his wife's anti-cult stance: "He wouldn't even do that for
his grandfather."
Comparable Views Ginni Thomas had plenty of other issues to fight
for during those years, from 1985 to 1989, when she served as a labor
relations attorney at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. She represented
the interests of the business community at congressional hearings on
such issues as comparable worth, affirmative action and federal child
care legislation.
Acting on behalf of the Chamber, Thomas led the opposition to the
Family and Medical Leave Act, which would have required companies with
50 employees or more to provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave and continued
medical benefits to employees at the time of childbirth or a medical
emergency. While Thomas's friends call her a firm believer in women's
rights, her public activities have antagonized many women's groups.
In June of 1985, at least a year before she met Clarence Thomas,
Ginni Lamp found herself allied with the EEOC chairman in his rejection
of comparable worth. The fact that women don't receive equal pay for
different jobs that require equal training and responsibility doesn't
mean they suffer from discrimination, Clarence Thomas said. "We found
that sole reliance on a comparison of the intrinsic value of dissimilar
jobs -- which command different wages in the market -- does not prove a
violation of Title VII" of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Clarence Thomas
told a news conference.
Lamp, speaking for the Chamber, praised the EEOC decision.
"Rather than using our civil rights laws to identify and address
discrimination as it exists in the workplace," she said,
"comparable-worth advocates want to label a social phenomenon -- the
fact that women on average make less than men on average -- as
'discrimination' and then use our civil rights laws for purposes for
which they were never intended."
A perfect match. All they needed now was a boardroom table across
which to set eyes on each other.
Love-Struck That table materialized at an Anti-Defamation League
meeting in New York.
During the spring of 1986, they both turned up at an ADL civil
rights colloquium.
"Anybody who followed EEOC policy at the time would have read about
Ginni in the papers and thought she was a middle-aged woman in a power
suit and Oxfords," said Ricky Silberman, vice chairwoman of the EEOC.
"And there she sat -- I was thunderstruck -- this very beautiful young
woman."
At the end of the session, Thomas and Lamp slipped away and
traveled back to Washington together. Three months later, Thomas took
Silberman out to lunch at Clyde's in Georgetown and told her, "'I want
you to know that I'm in love,' " Silberman recalled. They were engaged
soon after and married by the following summer.
"She's made him a much happier man," Silberman said.
She calms him down. She lights him up. He makes her feel like the
most important person on the planet. He jokes. She laughs. The Thomases'
friends agree: They are thrilled to have found each other.
In a 1986 Good Housekeeping article that named Virginia Lamp as one
of "28 Young Women of Promise," Lamp said that her ultimate goal was to
run for Congress. Her biggest obstacle, however, was "finding a husband
who'll be supportive of a woman in public life."
"She'd always been plain too busy for romance," said her best friend
from law school, Jody Agers. "Clarence was one of her first serious
relationships."
Clarence Thomas also seemed plain too busy for romance after he
divorced his first wife, Kate Ambush, in 1984. ("It was an amiable
divorce," said Ambush's father, Nelson, "no knock-down, drag-out
fight.")
"You need to find a wife," Sen. Strom Thurmond (R-S.C.) teased
Thomas, Jet magazine reported in 1987, after Thurmond finished Thomas's
confirmation hearings for the EEOC. Jet named Clarence Thomas one of
Washington's most eligible bachelors.
When Clarence Thomas found the perfect bachelorette, and the couple
announced their engagement, they raised eyebrows and blood pressure.
This was, however, primarily among those who hadn't met the love-struck
pair.
"I can guarantee you I was surprised when I found out she was going
with a black man," Ginni Thomas's uncle Ralph Knop said from his farm in
Iowa. "It was unusual for us."
"But he was so nice, we forgot he was black," her aunt Opal added,
"and he treated her so well, all of his other qualities made up for his
being black."
At the wedding, which was held in a largely white Methodist church
in Omaha, "there was some buzz in the congregation because people didn't
realize he was black and there was a sort of a 'Huh? Oh,' " recalled the
Rev. Wilmoth.
But friends and neighbors said the interracial nature of their
marriage is irrelevant. They said Ginni Thomas's family welcomed
Clarence Thomas from the beginning.
"If you have any feelings about black color, you forget about it as
soon as you start talking to him," her father, Donald Lamp, was quoted
as saying in the Omaha World-Herald.
Ginni Thomas's color is an issue to some blacks, however. "There's a
lot of controversy about an emergent group of black male conservatives
who have exhibited a tendency toward interracial marriage," said Ronald
Walters, chairman of the Howard University political science department.
He cited author Shelby Steele and economist Thomas Sowell as other
examples. "White conservatives are {Clarence Thomas's} ideological
bedfellows, and his white conservative wife is literally his bedfellow."
Home, Church and Family Does that matter? The question of the
degree that spouses influence each other's public positions is a
long-debated subject in Washington.
"I'm married to a federal judge and he influences me and I
influence him," said Silberman, a close friend of the Thomases and the
wife of D.C. Court of Appeals Judge Laurence Silberman. "That's part of
being close to someone -- we certainly have discussions about cases."
Silberman said the Thomases are "great intellectual soul mates who
talk a lot about ideas and social policy."
The couple live in a gray, three-bedroom house in Alexandria, in a
new Everyburb development, with Clarence Thomas's 19-year-old son,
Jamal, from his first marriage. "Jamal said at first when they got
married he wasn't sure it would work out," said Gabe Bicoy, the
Thomases' 17-year-old neighbor. "But now he thinks Ginni's cool and she
takes him shopping."
Jamal, a high school football star as his father was, left recently
for Fork Union Military Academy, a military prep school in Fork Union,
Va., affiliated with the Baptist General Association of Virginia.
Although Clarence Thomas was raised a Roman Catholic, the couple
regularly attend the Truro Episcopal Church, a charismatic congregation
in Fairfax. A majority of the congregants oppose abortion, according to
Gordon Klooster, the church administrator. A home was established on
church grounds for pregnant women who decide against abortion. And the
preacher occasionally delivers a antiabortion sermon, Klooster said. On
Friday nights, the church holds a "prayer-and-praise service," a casual
program that includes community singing, speaking in tongues and
prophesying in the spirit of Christ. The Thomases are not Friday night
regulars but they have attended within the past two months, Klooster
said.
On weekends lately, she has been tending to the garden and mowing
the lawn while he has been sitting in the garage wearing a T-shirt and
shorts, hunched over a stack of legal books, cramming for the hearings.
They prefer to garden together, neighbors say.
They like to drive to work together. She calls him Batman because
of his new black Corvette. He sends her flowers when her job at the
Labor Department gets stressful. She hauled a four-foot card across the
street to the federal courthouse for their anniversary. He pops over to
Labor during the day just to say hi.
They go on morning runs. They take after-dinner walks. Neighbors say
you can see them in the evening talking, walking up the hill. Hand in
hand.
© Copyright 1991 The Washington Post Company
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