FN Model 1903
| FN Model 1903 | |
|---|---|
.jpg) A FN Model 1903 from the collections of the Swedish Army Museum. | |
| Type | Semi-automatic pistol |
| Place of origin | United States (designed) Belgium (manufactured) |
| Service history | |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars | |
| Production history | |
| Designer | John Browning |
| Designed | 1902 |
| Manufacturer | Fabrique Nationale |
| No. built | 153,173 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 930 g (32.8 oz) unloaded |
| Length | 205 mm (8.07 in) |
| Barrel length | 127 mm (5 in) |
| Cartridge | 9×20mmSR Browning Long, in the US, some pistols were rechambered in .380 ACP; Some Chinese copies chambered in .32 ACP.[4] |
| Action | Blowback |
| Feed system | 7-round (9mm) box magazine, 9×19mm m/39B (Trials with the m/1907)[5] |
| Sights | Iron sights |
The FN Model 1903 (M1903, FN Mle 1903), or Browning No.2 is a semi-automatic pistol designed by John Browning and manufactured by Belgian arms manufacturer Fabrique Nationale (FN). It was introduced in 1903 and fired the 9×20mmSR Browning Long cartridge. It should not be confused with the US-made Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless (in .32 ACP), nor with the Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammer (in .38 ACP). The FN Model 1903 is based on the same mechanical design as the Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless, which Browning sold to both companies (and others as well), but enlarged to handle the more powerful 9mm Browning Long cartridge. The M1903's reliability, accuracy, light weight, and quick reloading made it a popular service pistol for many police forces and militaries. The pistol was initially introduced by FN as the Browning Modèle de Guerre (Browning War Model) or Browning Grand Modèle (Browning Large Model).[6]
Pre-World War I production[edit]
FN requested John Browning to prepare a prototype in 1901. FN manufactured a few samples for Norway and Sweden to consider as military weapons. Norway opted for the Colt M1911 pistol in the form of the Kongsberg M/1912, but Sweden ordered 10,000 pistols (designated m/1907) as standard military sidearms in 1907. The Ottoman Empire ordered 8,000 pistols for police use between 1908 and 1914, and the Russian Empire ordered approximately 11,000 with detachable shoulder stock holsters for their police forces during the same time period. An additional 9,000 pistols were sold commercially before production was discontinued when the FN factory was overrun by troops from the German Empire in August 1914.[7]
Swedish production[edit]
Sweden obtained a license to manufacture a variant of the design for domestic use as the Husqvarna m/1907 and began production in 1917 to meet both military needs and civilian demand. Husqvarna produced military pistols for Colombia when FN was unwilling to resume production in the 1930s. Sweden had manufactured 89,230 pistols when production ended in 1942.[7] Early Husqvarna-produced pistols included the slide marking of either "Browning's Patent" or "System Browning". This practice was discontinued after World War I at the insistence of FN, which had been granted the exclusive right to use John Browning's name for the purpose of firearms marketing.[6]
The Swedish military designation was pistol m/07 and it was the standard sidearm until the adoption of the Lahti L-35 (pistol m/40) in 1940 when it was declared substitute standard. The pistol m/07 was taken out of storage and pressed into service in the 1980s as the bolts of the Lahti L-35 pistols started cracking due to the use of a more powerful 9 mm P cartridge (9 mm m/39B, adopted as standard in the 1960s). This was an interim solution until deliveries of the new Glock 17 (pistol m/88) were complete.
Post-war production[edit]
Availability of surplus firearms caused very low demand for new pistol production following World War I. As demand increased through the 1920s, FN manufactured 4,616 pistols as the standard military sidearm for Estonia and several hundred for Paraguay and El Salvador. FN stopped production in 1927 after manufacturing a total of 58,442 pistols; but inventories were sufficient to continue commercial sales into the 1930s.[7]
The Estonian pistols were sold to Spain in the 1930s where many saw use in the Spanish Civil War. Some of the Swedish pistols were used by Finland during World War II. Surplus pistols, primarily of Husqvarna production, eventually found their way to the United States where many were modified by the importers with a chamber bushing to fire the more common .380 ACP ammunition.[7]
Users[edit]
China: Indigenous copies made from the Warlord Era to the 1950s; some were select-fire.[4]
Colombia
Chile[8]
El Salvador
Estonia
Finland:Around a 100 acquired in 1918. 860 FN 1903 and Husqvarna M/07 pistols, were left behind by Swedish volunteers and issued to the Finnish front-line troops during Continuation War.[9]
Ottoman Empire: Used by army and military police officers[10]
Paraguay[2]- People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad[11]
Russia[12]
Soviet Union[13]
Second Spanish Republic
Sweden
Serbia
Norway : 500 Purchased from Belgium before World War I.
Bibliography[edit]
- Thompson, Leroy (27 October 2022). Soviet Pistols: Tokarev, Makarov, Stechkin and others. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-5349-3.
References[edit]
- ^ Jowett, Philip (2012). Armies of the Balkan Wars 1912-13 : the priming charge for the Great War. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-299-58155-2. OCLC 842879929.
- ^ a b Alejandro de Quesada (20 November 2011). The Chaco War 1932-35: South America's greatest modern conflict. Osprey Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-84908-901-2.
- ^ Small Arms Survey (2007). "Armed Violence in Burundi: Conflict and Post-Conflict Bujumbura" (PDF). The Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City. Cambridge University Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-521-88039-8.
- ^ a b McCollum, Ian (2021). "Other Chinese Copies". Pistols of the Warlords: Chinese Domestic Handguns, 1911 - 1949. Headstamp Publishing. pp. 496–499. ISBN 9781733424639.
- ^ "The Swedish pistol m/1907 or Browning M1903 i 9 mm Browning Long". Archived from the original on February 11, 2022.
- ^ a b Vanderlinden, Anthony FN Browning Pistols: Side-Arms that Shaped World History pp.158-181
- ^ a b c d Vanderlinden, Anthony The FN Browning Model 1903 in August, 2011 American Rifleman pp.77-79&98
- ^ "Chilean military & police handgun cartridges: Talk about confusion! - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-15.
- ^ "FINNISH ARMY 1918-1945: REVOLVERS & PISTOLS PART 3". www.jaegerplatoon.net. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved 2022-11-17.
- ^ "Weapons of the Ottoman Army". New Zealand History. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 26 April 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ Small Arms Survey (2005). "Sourcing the Tools of War: Small Arms Supplies to Conflict Zones". Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War. Oxford University Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-19-928085-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 9, 2010.
- ^ Thompson 2022, p. 12.
- ^ Thompson 2022, p. 41.
External links[edit]
- Modern Firearms Archived 2007-10-24 at the Wayback Machine
- Swedish m/1907 Pistol
- Small Arms of WWI Primer 056: Belgian FN 1903 on YouTube ([ Archive])