“理科”和“文科”的权威英文翻译是什么？

你要的答案来了，文科用“Liberal arts”这比humanities更好，理科就用"science(s)"比“physics”更好。

国外的文科、理科和国内所说的有点小区别，你可以从以下【西方视角的中国高等教育】摘抄的句子找到答案！

... An English translation of the report in Chinese Education translates wen as "the liberal arts" and li as "physics." While "liberal arts" closely renders wen(ke), li(ke) should have been translated with a more general category, "science(s)." ... In one context, Pepper translates wenke and like as "liberal arts" and "general science." "Liberal arts" is a closer approximation than "humanities" to wenke ... In the United States, liberal arts may or may not include the sciences but never includes professional subjects, while in China wenke never includes the sciences but may include professional subjects. If wenke is translated as "humanities" or "liberal arts," the context should in some way make clear what subjects wenke includes ...

— Liu, X. R. (1996). Western Perspectives on Chinese Higher Education: A Model for Cross-Cultural Inquiry.

问到这今天我们再聊下关于各种学位和理科生、文科生的英文表达吧

students of liberal arts ：文科生

students of science：理科生

如果是已经毕业了的，可以用

student with a humanities degree or student with a science degree.

这似乎是最贴切的表达了，因为国外的文科与理科所包含的课程是不完全一样的。

那么我们常见B.A. B.S. M.A. M.S. 分别代表什么呢？

B.A. = Bachelor of Arts 文学学士

B.S. = Bachelor of Science 理学学士

M.A. = Master of Arts 文学硕士

M.S. = Master of Science 理学硕士

学士学位：Bachelor Degree

硕士学位：Master Degree

博士学位：Doctor Degree

bachelor 一词有“学士”和“单身汉”的意思。所以学士一般都是单身狗，升级为硕士你就成了主人，而读了博士才能当医生。

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最后：

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文科 liberal art

理科 natural science

工科 technology

社会科学 social science

哲学 philosophy

商科 Business and management

大概这样。国内的单纯文理分科有点不科学。