英文 Grammar 文法大全
無論你作文用幾多vocabulary, 幾多佳句,有幾好content，如果grammar 唔好，marker 都唔會比高分架！！！
所以平時就要睇多啲Grammar 句式，打好嗰底啦。
一齊睇Grammar 大全，睇下點樣令你嘅Grammar 進步啦！
Grammar 文法 全攻略
事先聲明，英文入面有超多Grammar item，不可能一篇文章把所有細節全部講解並配上大量例子。
所以這篇blog的目標就是涵蓋所有grammar topic讓大家知道大概個concept是什麼。
小編基本上為每個grammar item 都有逐一的post，大家可以詳細閱讀！
英文 Grammar 大全 目錄
- Articles
- Countable Uncountable noun 可數名詞和不可數名詞
- 英文量詞
- Pronoun 代名詞
- Verb 動詞
- Tenses 時態
- Wh question
- Quantifiers 數量詞
- Determiners 限定詞
- Numerals 數字
- Adjective 形容詞
- Comparatives & Superlatives 比較級 & 最高級
- Adjective Pattern
- Adverb 副詞
- Preposition 介詞
- Modal Verb 情感動詞
- Infinitives and gerunds
- Relative Clause
- Reported Speech
- Present Participle
- Past Participle
- 英文連接詞
- Conditional Sentence 條件句
- Phrasal Verb
- Question Tag
- Inversion
- Collocation
係英語當中有三個 articles (冠詞) 分別為a、an和the。很多人學完articles之後，就亂用，覺得邊個順耳就用邊個。
其實冠詞係用係名詞或名詞等價物之前使用，是一種形容詞。
定冠詞 ( the ) 用在名詞之前，表示讀者知道名詞的身份。
而不定冠詞 ( a , an ) 用在一般名詞之前或其身份未知時。在某些情況下，名詞不帶冠詞。
沒有固定形狀的名詞
這種類型的名詞包括一些非知識的名詞、空氣等等
額外的包括形狀不固定的名詞亦，例如水，果汁等等
太小、由微小的物體組成
米、糖、鹽、頭髮等等，通常是由大量相同的細小物件組成，出現時一般不會只有「一個」的物件。米粒、糖、鹽和頭髮，一般不會只有一顆米 、一顆鹽地出現，這一類的名詞也都屬於不可數名詞。
抽象概念
抽象、沒有實體的概念。Happy，think，miss等等，沒有實體、概念、概念是抽象的或概念性名詞，都是不可數名詞。
相似物件的統稱
這一個類別就比較麻煩了，類似物件的統稱麵包、水果、家具、信息……這些都屬於不可數名詞。 麵包作為統稱是一個不可數的名詞；同樣的，家具是家具的統稱，展覽可以分作桌子、客廳、書櫃等等。
這種類的不像以上幾類那麼好分辨，對於中國母語者來說，這些名詞也可以永遠地自己必須的，所以在使用時要更加小心，仔細檢查自己不會不小心 一次在這一類的不可數名詞。
我們可以使用量詞（a piece of, a bottle of, 等）來使不可數名詞變為可數名詞。我們可以使用數量詞（a piece of, a bottle of, 等）來使不可數名詞變為”可數”名詞。
量詞 例子
| 1. | a bag of sweets | 一袋糖果 |
| 2. | a bunch of flowers / grapes | 一束鮮花/葡萄 |
| 3. | a sheet of paper | 一張紙 |
| 4. | a spoonful of sugar | 一勺糖 |
| 5. | a can of lemon tea | 一罐檸檬茶 |
| 6. | a tube of toothpaste | 一管牙膏 |
| 7. | a game of tennis | 一場網球比賽 |
| 8. | a serving of fish / chicken / pork / beef | 一份魚 / 雞 / 豬 / 牛 |
| 9. | a piece of furniture / music | 一件家具/音樂 |
| 10. | a tank of gasoline | 一箱汽油 |
代名詞(Pronouns)是用來代替名詞(nouns)或名詞短語(noun phrases)的單詞。
不局限於人，事物及動物都有其相應的Pronouns，而且Pronouns有單數複數之分。
用於第一人稱，第二人稱及第三人稱的Pronouns也會有所不同。
Pronouns 一表看清
Subjective Pronouns（主格代名詞） | Objective pronouns（受格代名詞） | Possessive Adjectives（所有格形容詞） |
I | me | my |
you | you | your |
he | him | his |
she | her | her |
it | it | its |
we | us | our |
you | you | your |
they | them | their |
Subjective Pronouns（主格代名詞） | Possessive Pronouns（所有格代名詞） | Reflexive Pronouns（反身代名詞） |
I | mine | myself |
you | yours | yourself |
he | his | himself |
she | hers | herself |
it | its | itself |
we | ours | ourselves |
you | yours | yourselves |
they | theirs | themselves |
香港英文考試常用的時態 Tenses 有7種：
- Present Tense
- Present Continuous Tense
- Present Perfect Tense
- Past Tense
- Past Continuous Tense
- Past Perfect Tense
- Future Tense
Present Tense
用於：
- 習慣
- 事實
- 指令
- 預先安排好的事情
- 想法、感受和意見
Present Continuous Tense
用於：
- 進行中的事情
- 即將發生
- 短期未來計畫
- 發展和變化的情況
- 圖片中看到的動作
Present Perfect Tense
用於：
- 在過去發生一直延續至今
- 不久之前完成的動作
- 過往的經驗影響現在
- 過去的行動在現在產生效果
- 新聞
Past Tense
用於：
- 過去的習慣/重複的行爲
- 過去同時/緊隨其後發生的兩個或以上的事件
- 在一個特定及已知的時間發生的事情
Past Continuous Tense
用於：
- 過去某個特定時間發生中的事情
- 過去同時/緊隨其後發生的兩個或以上的事件
- 恆常發生且意料之外事情
- 形容數據改變同趨勢
Past Perfect Tense
用於：
- 過去的過去
- 表達後悔/遺憾
- 一件事情從過去的某個時間點發生，並且持續到過去另外一個時間點
Future Tense
用於：
- 未來發生的事情
- 說話時做出的決定
- 計劃好的事件
Wh question以 wh question words開頭(what, when, where, which, who, whose, why and how)。
當我們不想要Yes No answer，我們便會使用Wh-question。
When (何時)
When do you usually have dinner?
At 7 p.m.
Where (何地)
Where is Dorothy going?
To the bank.
Who (何人)
Who broke this window?
That boy.
Why (為什麼)
Why is Diane at the library?
She has a test tomorrow.
No/none
我們對可數名詞和不可數名詞都使用 no 和 none。
No 是一個限定詞，所以它後面總是跟一個名詞。
None 是代詞，所以它後面永遠不會跟名詞。
相反，我們在名詞已知時使用它：
There is no time.
None at all. (None = no time)
There were no visitors.
None showed up. (None = no visitors)
Much/many
我們用 much 與不可數名詞和 many 與可數名詞來談論大量：
Much effort is needed.
There aren’t many new members this year.
Don’t lose hope even if there are many obstacles.
我們經常將 much and many 與疑問詞 how to 一起使用：
How many obstacles are there?
How much effort is needed?
A few/few/A little/little
我們用 a few 或 few 與可數名詞和 a little 或 little 與不可數名詞來談論少量。
a few a little 帶有正面意思
few little 帶有負面意思
Cardinal numeral 基數詞 主要有這四種：
第一組 | 第二組 | 第三組 | 第四組 |
One (1) | Eleven (11) | Ten (10) | Hundred (100) |
Two (2) | Twelve (12) | Twenty (20) | Thousand (1000) |
Three (3) | Thirteen (13) | Thirty (30) | Million (1,000,000) |
Four (4) | Fourteen (14) | Forty (40) | Billon (1,000,000,000) |
Five (5) | Fifteen (15) | Fifty (50) | |
Six (6) | Sixteen (16) | Sixty (60) | |
Seven (7) | Seventeen (17) | Seventy (70) | |
Eight (8) | Eighteen (18) | Eighty (80) | |
Nine (9) | Nineteen (19) | Ninety (90) |
Ordinal numeral 序數詞 都是有這四組，中文意思是第…
第一組 | 第二組 | 第三組 | 第四組 |
First (1) | Eleventh (11) | Tenth (10) | Hundredth (100) |
Second (2) | Twelfth (12) | Twentieth (20) | Thousandth (1000) |
Third(3) | Thirteenth (13) | Thirtieth (30) | Millionth (1,000,000) |
Fourth (4) | Fourteenth (14) | Fortieth (40) | Billonth (1,000,000,000) |
Fifth (5) | Fifteenth (15) | Fiftieth (50) | |
Sixth (6) | Sixteenth (16) | Sixtieth (60) | |
Seventh (7) | Seventeenth (17) | Seventieth (70) | |
Eighth (8) | Eighteenth (18) | Eightieth (80) | |
Ninth (9) | Nineteenth (19) | Ninetieth (90) |
Adjective 例子：
a pretty
red dress
a Japanese restaurant
an incredible story
She looked wonderful
It was very expensive
-ed -ing 形容詞
以 -ed 結尾的形容詞和以 -ing 結尾的形容詞有一個重要的區別：
以 -ed 結尾的形容詞描述感受，即它們告訴我們人們對某事或某人的感受：
以 -ing 結尾的形容詞描述讓我們有某種感覺的事物或人：
I was bored at the party.
(= I found the party boring.)
The party was very boring.
(= The party made me feel bored.)
我們用比較級形容詞 + than 來比較兩個事物或人：
Hong Kong is smaller than Tokyo.
Tokyo is cleaner than Hong Kong.
有時我們不會同時提及我們正在比較的兩個事物。
在這些句子中，我們不會使用than：
It is sunnier today.
This is tastier.
I feel better now.
當我們比較兩個以上的事物或人時，我們需要使用最高級的形容詞：
例如：
Sarah is the cleverest student in the class. She is also the most arrogant student in the class.
Sarah是班上最聰明的學生。她也是班裡最囂張的學生。
Adjective Pattern 是以形容詞為主軸的句型。
他們通常會以以下形式出現：
−it is / it’s + adjective + to-infinitive
−it is / it’s + adjective + for + pronoun / noun / noun phrase + to-infinitive
−subject + to be + adjective + to-infinitive
Adjective Pattern 例子
It’s important to arrive at the airport early for your flight.
It’s obvious that you can’t cook — this fried rice tastes horrible!
Adverb 實用句式
as adverb as
Jason plays as well as James
not as/so adverb as
You do not sing so beautifully as him.
英文前置詞/介係詞就是preposition。
原則上，preposition會放在名詞或代名詞前面，用來表示那個名詞與句子中其他字的關係，可以算是聯係不同字眼的橋梁，
包括：時間、位置、屬性、因果、方式等，讓句子更豐富。
Preposition 例句
I am going to college.
The kitty is sitting on the chair.
The kid is hiding under the desk.
Determiners 主要有兩個用法：
- Referring (參考)
- Qualifying (量化)
Determiners 例子
Determiners 包含以下5種：
Articles: a/an, the
Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
Possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Quantifiers: (a) few, fewer, (a) little, many, much, more, most, some, any, etc.
Numbers: one, two, three, etc.
Determiners 作用
The dolphins were so clever.
可能是
(The dolphins in the Ocean Park show.)
Dolphins are clever animals.
(= All dolphins are clever.)
Modal verbs有哪些
Modal verbs 例子包括：
can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would
與不同的時態不同，to-不定式不給我們任何關於行動或事件時間的信息。
相反，我們使用它們以更general的方式談論動作和事件。
當我們將動詞的-ing形式用作名詞時，它被稱為Gerund。
例如：
I enjoy books. vs I enjoy reading.
(reading is a gerund, verb 用作 a noun)
我們可以使用Relative Clause來連接兩個英語句子，或者提供有關某事的更多信息。
Relative Clause 例句
Sheela, who is a teacher, also works as a social worker.
The car that was stolen last month was found in a river.
在語言學中，Reported Speech是一種語法，用於報告另一話語的內容而不直接引用它。
Reported Speech 的另一個學名是 Indirect Speech
Reported Speech 例句
Directed Speech
- Chris said,”I am sorry for this.”
- He asked Jason,”Can you lend me some money?”
Reported Speech
- Chris said that he was sorry for that.
- He asked Jason if he could land him some money
Present Participle 可能大家會比較陌生，不過如果是-ing大家就一定會知道。
大家都會聯想到以前學tenses時，continuous tense要加-ing。
其實Present Participle 用法不局限於
Present Participle Phrase
原句：
Jill is very fit. She can run a marathon.
改寫：
Being very fit, Jill can run a marathon.
Past Participle 可能大家會比較陌生，不過如果是pp大家就一定會知道。
大家都會聯想到以前學tenses時，perfect tense要用pp。
其實Past Participle 就是 pp。
Past Participle Phrase
原句：
Coffee is drunk by millions every day. It is one of the world’s most popular drinks.
改寫：
Drunk by millions every day, coffee is one of the world’s most popular drinks.
連結詞 意思=但是
今次Spencer Sir想與大家分享 英文 Grammar 中However、Yet 和 Nevertheless 的分別。很多同學經常混淆這三個連詞的意思，認為它們沒有分別，其實它們都有不同意思。以下我將會與大家一齊討論這三個連詞。
However
However 是一個表達相反意思的副詞，可以在句首或句子中間使用，不能在句尾使用。
E.g. However, I am not available on Sunday.
I want to have dinner with you on Sunday, however, I am not available on Sunday.
Nevertheless
Nevertheless 與 However 相同意思，不過表達較強烈或正式，亦只會在句首或句尾使用。
E.g. Nevertheless, students should not cheat on the exam.
There are many ways for students to cheat on the exam, but they should not do that nevertheless.
Yet
Yet 與上面兩個連詞的意思相同，不過，Yet 相對較 informal (非正式)
大家要記得正確使用這三個連詞，對作文有很大的幫助。正確使用連詞促使文章更連貫，令文章架構完整，從而取得更高分數。
Conditional sentence 條件句 可分為5種：
The zero conditional（零條件句）
The first conditional（第一條件句）
The second conditional（第二條件句）
The third conditional （第三條件句）
Conditional sentences without if （無if條件句）
所有conditional sentence （條件句）的語法都是分爲兩部分：
If 【情況】,＋ Result【結果】
在這裏簡單提供四句if句子的架構方式：(不包Conditional sentences without if )
| 適用情況 | 【情況】句時態 | 【結果】句時態 | |
| 零條件句 | 描述必然發生的結果。 | Simple Present | Simple Present |
| 第一條件句 | 描述常會發生的結果。 | Simple Present | Simple Future |
| 第二條件句 | 描述假設的情況和結果。 | Simple Past | Would |
| 第三條件句 | 描述已經發生的情況和希望能發生結果。 | Simple Perfect Past | Would Have |
以下會詳解以上5種的條件句！
Phrasal verb （也稱為multi-word verb）是與一個或多個prepositions或adverbs（稱為particles）組合的動詞：
Phrasal Verb 例子
verb + adverb
Listen! A fire alarm is going off somewhere near here.
聽聽！這附近某處的火災警報正在響起。
verb + preposition
I’m looking after my nephew this weekend. My sister has to go on a business trip.
這個週末我要照顧我的侄子。我姐姐必須出差。
verb + adverb + preposition
You should never go back on a promise. Otherwise, people will not trust you.
你永遠不應該食言。否則，人們不會信任你。
Question Tag 例子
例句：
They weren’t paying attention, were they?
Ben couldn’t finish the exam in time, could he?
在大多數英語語句中，主語位於動詞之前。當我們將主語放在動詞之後時，它被稱為倒裝(Inversion)。
其實各位一直都在應用倒裝
最常見的用法是在問題中：
By the way, do you have Tony’s contact details?
Inversion 倒置 例子
Should you change your mind, please let me know.
(= If you change your mind, please let me know.)
Were Carl to ask you to the party, would you accept?
(= If Carl asked you to the party, would you accept?)
Had Sue seen your exam results, she would have been impressed.
(= If Sue had seen your exam results, she would have been impressed.)
Collocation是“在一起”的詞語。
中文稱為詞語搭配。
Collocation能夠令到我們的英文變的更自然，更無堆砌的感覺。
可惜的是Collcoation是沒有什麼規則，只能通過多閱讀、查字典來獲得
Collocation 例子
−verb + noun collocations
Stella is sick — she caught a cold last night.
−noun + preposition collocations
Tim was a witness to the car accident.
−verb + preposition collocations
They are talking about the class party.
−adjective + preposition collocations
Nina is responsible for bringing the sausages.
英文文法測試
下面這句句子係啱定錯?
Many a student is laughing
啱？ 定 錯？ 。 。 。 。 。 |
其實是可以的 好多同學都 好似無見過 |
實用文法句式:Many a + 名詞 (後面動詞 當作單數處理) = Many 名詞 ((後面動詞 當作眾數處理)) Many a teenager faces the problem. = many teenagers face the problem. 記得意思是完全一樣的 |
Conditionals (If的句式):
下面邊個係啱?
1.If he was you, he would not do it.
2.If he were you, he would not do it.
以上邊一句先係正確呢? 。 。 。 。 。 正確答案是B |
Review Conditionals (If的句式):1. If基本分4大類型，大家一定要隨時記得不同動詞的型態及用法 2. 上面問大家的是 “假設” 的類別 (發生機率: 0%) 型態是: If you did it, you would do….. 3. 用此類型時要注意: If I were you, / If he were you (此時應該要用 were ，而不是was 。好多同學會寫錯的，記得要小心 ！ 4. 好多人問點解會係用過去式 (past tense)? 因為past tense 除了表示 (i) 過去動作 ，亦可以表達 (ii) unreal past tense (不真實時都可以用) |
However 句式
下面這句的 However 中文是指…?
However hard you may try, you will not be able to do it.
A但是 B無論
以上邊一個先係正確呢? 。 。 。 。 。 正確答案是B 其實除了 “但是”，However仲有另一個意思 However 亦都可以解 No matter how adjective (無論如何…) 上面的意思: 不論你如何努力地試，你將不可能做到 |
實用文法句式:However + adjective/adverb 主語+ 動詞, 句子 If you take money from the fund, however small the amount is, you must record it in this book. 如果您從基金中收取了錢，無論金額多小，都必須記錄在這本書中。 We are determined to solve this problem, however long it takes. 我們決心解決這個問題，無論花費多長時間。
|
英文 文法 溫習方法
唔知你地又對邊個文法課題不太熟識呢 ? 但依家唔熟唔緊要，只要今日起按住呢三個方法開始操Grammar ， 保證你一定可以響DSE 之前升1 個Grade !!!!
多輸出 不只靠輸入
好多同學只係上堂聽完 (輸入) 就算，其實一定要多輸出，文法先會學得好。所以我建議
- 多做Proofreading Exercise
- 多作文
- 多造句
都可以幫你改善好文法。當你寫的過程，已經可以加深用法，同埋最好有人針對性比返意見你。記得一定要量化你輸出內容
例: 每日做1篇Proofreading Exercise
例: 每日造5句
特別對於學Tenses/ Gerund/ To-infinitive 都好有用
先學100%實用課題
好多時我地學文法，會所有東西及規則都學，但其實有不少的內容實用性都好低。學完都用唔返出來。所以你成日有種錯覺，學文法都唔會令自己進步
其實，同學仔應該著重實用的文法，例如:
學Conditionals (If) 多想想如果將 If 的不同形態放在考試當中
Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact me (If的倒裝句)
你知道是Paper 3 Writing Tasks 時可以最後寫信時用，你就會明白到如果應用在日常及考試上。
覺得有用，就更大動力想學，就更有成功感。所以一定要盡量100% 學實用Grammar
用中文學文法 （*for 底唔好嘅同學）
好多底子唔好同學，學文法最大問題是，日校老師用英文教英文文法，好多時同學仔唔好唔想聽，而係根本聽唔明….
加上大多教科書的英文文法解說都好深，有時令同學仔更擔心。
我建議同學仔先用中文聽一次 重大Grammar Topics 的概念 (Tenses/ 主被動/If 句式)，之後先再做練習
英文 Grammar 錯誤例子
你有無試過寫完啲文章，然後自我感覺良好，但派翻篇文先知有好多 grammar 錯 。又或者有啲英文聽落好順耳，但有可能就係寫錯 Grammar 嘅句子。今日Spencer Sir將例子中嘅 Grammar 遂個 check
英文 Grammar 錯誤例子
(罐頭句篇)
- As a conclusion, heritage preservation can coexist with economic development.
- As the whole, Lionel Messi has been performing well.
- In my point of views, true democracy will never be adopted in Hong Kong.
- The ramifications of legalizing marijuana are as follow.
- Last but not the least, the conservative values of Confucianism has hampered the development of ancient China.
- The government should take an in-deep look at the practicality of the local education system.
英文 Grammar Check
(罐頭句篇)
答案
- To conclude, heritage preservation can coexist with economic development.
- As a whole, Lionel Messi has been performing well.
- From my point of view, true democracy will never be adopted in Hong Kong.
- The ramifications of legalizing marijuana are as follows.
- Last but not least, the conservative values of Confucianism has hampered the development of ancient China.
- The government should take an in-depth look at the practicality of the local education system.
你又答得岩唔岩呢?
英文 Grammar 錯誤例子
(主動被動篇)
今日就同大家睇睇……
主動 同 被動式嘅伏位
直接俾大家三個例子
- The earthquake was happened in 1976.
- The boy was disappeared seven years ago.
- She was suffered from depression and plunged to his death in 2003.
英文 Grammar Check
(主動被動篇)
答案
三句都有錯
（偷偷話你知呢啲就係平時改文見到嘅常犯錯誤）
- The earthquake happened in 1976.
- The boy disappeared seven years ago.
She suffered from depression and plunged to his death in 2003.
英文 Grammar 錯誤例子
(形容詞比較型篇)
比較型形容詞（例如： hard, harder, hardest）
不如簡單睇睇下面兩個字！
- Far
- Safe
佢哋比較型係咩？
英文 Grammar Check
(主動被動篇)
答案
- Farther, farthest
另外仲有啲淺水浸死人嘅例子
2. Safe 嘅比較型係咩？
其實就係safer
但係有好多同學都就咁寫more safe
呢啲都係要特別留意！
英文 Grammar 錯誤例子
(preposition篇)
- 好多level 2同學仔都會用錯的prepositions
- 你會唔會諗要加in on at 定係唔係加呢
- 咁今日就同大家睇睇preposition嘅3大伏位
- I am honoured to share my view to you.
- He is skillful on dribbling and scoring.
- The winner was smiling to the audience.
正確答案：
英文 Grammar Check
(preposition篇)
答案
呢三句都有錯處
但係讀落去就好順口…
- I am honoured to share my view with
- He is skilful at dribbling and scoring.
- The winner was smiling at the audience.
如果大家有什麼英文問題，如Spencer Lam, 好唔好咁樣學英文呀? 或者IELTS考試，成人英文/商業英文的知識及英文資源，歡迎你可以隨時再跟我多交流一下，可以Follow 「Spencer Lam English Team」 Facebook page同IG得到更多英文資訊，亦都可以上 https://spencerlam.hk/ 了解更多!
Grammar 攻略 傳送門
- articles
- countable & uncountable noun
- 英文量詞
- pronoun
- verb
- tenses
- wh-question
- quantifiers
- 英文數字 全攻略
- adjective
- comparatives &superlatives
- adjective pattern
- adverb
- preposition
- determiners
- modal verb
- Gerund & Infinitives
- relative clause
- reported speech
- present participle
- past participle
- 英文連接詞 大全
- conditional sentence
- phrasal verb
- question tag
- inversion
- collocation