高濃度血小板血漿

维基百科,自由的百科全书
高濃度血小板血漿
高濃度血小板血漿注射手部
MeSHD053657

高濃度血小板血漿(英語:Platelet-rich plasma)(PRP),又稱富血小板血漿,是取全血離心移除紅血球,成為富含血小板血漿蛋白濃縮液。截至2016年,支持其益處的證據很少[1][2]。截至2019年,(在美國)每次注射的費用通常為500至2,000美元[3]

醫學用途[编辑]

高濃度血小板血漿已用在慢性肌腱炎[4]骨關節炎[5]、或口腔頜面外科[6]整形外科[7]研究治療的領域中,但截至2016年,支持其益處的證據很少[1][2]

研究未發現高濃度血小板血漿能有效治療旋轉袖疾病[8]。初步證據支持其可用於骨關節炎[9][10]

2009年的綜述文章表示少有隨機對照試驗能充分評估高濃度血小板血漿治療的安全性和有效性,其結論認為高濃度血小板血漿用於關節肌腱韌帶肌肉等損傷是一種有潛力但尚未得到證實的治療選擇[11]。與其他免手術骨科疾病的保守治療(例如足底筋膜炎類固醇注射)相比,研究證據不支持高濃度血小板血漿作為保守治療[12]。2018年的綜述發現高濃度血小板血漿仍缺乏證據能有效治療跟腱病變[13]

2010年考科藍綜述未發現高濃度血小板血漿能有益於植牙過程的鼻竇增高術[6]。2013年的綜述指出需要更多證據才能確認高濃度血小板血漿對毛髮再生是否有效[14]

2014年考科藍綜述表示舒緩肌肉骨骼損傷短期疼痛的證據非常薄弱,對短期、中期、長期的身體功能均無助益。有薄弱的證據顯示比對已治療和未治療的病患,高濃度血小板血漿治療造成傷害的發生率低[2]。2017年的綜述探討治療皮膚移植捐贈部位的疼痛,證據顯示獲益不佳[15]

研究未顯示高濃度血小板血漿有益於骨骼癒合[16]。2016年的綜述回顧其應用於骨移植,發現只有一篇報告有骨質增大效果,但有四篇研究發現沒有差異[17]

一種名為「性高潮射擊」(英語:Orgasm shot)的作法將高濃度血小板血漿注射於陰道,聲稱可改善性高潮[18],但沒有證據支持這些主張[18][19]

不良反應[编辑]

迄今為止尚無可靠文獻證明有與高濃度血小板血漿治療相關的不良反應,這可能是因為研究方法不良和不一致[20]。2019年加拿大衛生部表示大多數自體細胞療法缺乏證據支持其有效,並且可能帶來風險,比如如果設備未妥善消毒,可引起人與人的交叉感染或潛在危險的免疫反應[21],他們正設法停止加拿大診所提供這類服務[22]

成分[编辑]

兩階段離心前,將全血置於離心機中

根據白血球纖維蛋白含量的不同,製備的高濃度血小板血漿一般分為四類:高濃度白血球血小板血漿(L-PRP)、減白血球高濃度血小板血漿(P-PRP)、高濃度白血球血小板纖維蛋白、純高濃度血小板纖維蛋白英语Platelet-rich fibrin[23][24]

生長因子對各種損傷的療效與高濃度血小板血漿的生長因子濃度是高濃度血小板血漿能否用於組織修復的理論基礎[25]。添加凝血酶氯化鈣可活化中收集到的血小板,從而使血小板α顆粒英语Platelet alpha-granule釋放生長因子。高濃度血小板血漿含有下列生長因子和細胞激素[25][26]

製作[编辑]

高濃度血小板血漿的製作是先從人體取血,再經兩階段離心,以便將高濃度血小板血漿分離出來,留下紅血球與其他血漿。通常是由提供治療的診所使用商業套件和設備來完成[27]。製品品質因病人而異,也因設備而異,因此不易研究確認其作為特定用途時的安全性和有效性[27][28]

社會與文化[编辑]

在美國,高濃度血小板血漿治療的自付費用開價1000美元,因為健康保險通常不給付[29]。由於運動員的使用,高濃度血小板血漿已引起大眾媒體關注[30][31][32][29]美國食品藥品監督管理局未認可在辦公室環境(非運動環境)使用高濃度血小板血漿[33]

2010年代在名人代言推動下,以「吸血鬼面部調理」為名銷售具有爭議的美容方式,著重使用高濃度血小板血漿,通常(但不必然)採用微針膠原蛋白導入治療英语Collagen induction therapy[34][35]

體育禁藥[编辑]

高濃度血小板血漿治療是否違反體育禁藥規定,早期曾有疑慮[25]。2010年尚不清楚局部注射高濃度血小板血漿是否會對血液循環中的細胞激素濃度產生影響,因而影響禁藥檢測,以及是否具有全身性同化作用或影響體育表現[25]。2011年1月世界反運動禁藥機構確認缺乏證據顯示其能增進體育表現,故取消肌肉注射高濃度血小板血漿的禁令[36]

參見[编辑]

參考文獻[编辑]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Review of the Evidence Behind Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy. Rheumatology Advisor. 2016-05-01 [2019-03-13]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-20). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Moraes VY, Lenza M, Tamaoki MJ, Faloppa F, Belloti JC. Platelet-rich therapies for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. April 2014, 29 (4): CD010071. PMC 6464921可免费查阅. PMID 24782334. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010071.pub3. 
  3. ^ Platelet-Rich Plasma is Profitable, But How Well Does It Work?. American Council on Science and Health. 2019-02-12 [2019-09-30]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-30) (英语). 
  4. ^ Mishra A, Woodall J, Vieira A. Treatment of tendon and muscle using platelet-rich plasma. Clinics in Sports Medicine. January 2009, 28 (1): 113–25. PMID 19064169. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2008.08.007. 
  5. ^ Andia I, Sánchez M, Maffulli N. Joint pathology and platelet-rich plasma therapies. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy. January 2012, 12 (1): 7–22. PMID 22171664. doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.632765. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Rees J, Karasoulos D, Felice P, Alissa R, Worthington H, Coulthard P. Effectiveness of sinus lift procedures for dental implant rehabilitation: a Cochrane systematic review. European Journal of Oral Implantology. Spring 2010, 3 (1): 7–26. PMID 20467595. 
  7. ^ Por YC, Shi L, Samuel M, Song C, Yeow VK. Use of tissue sealants in face-lifts: a metaanalysis. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. May 2009, 33 (3): 336–9. PMID 19089492. doi:10.1007/s00266-008-9280-1. 
  8. ^ Hurley, ET; Hannon, CP; Pauzenberger, L; Fat, DL; Moran, CJ; Mullett, H. Nonoperative Treatment of Rotator Cuff Disease With Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. May 2019, 35 (5): 1584–1591. PMID 31000394. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2018.10.115. 
  9. ^ Dai WL, Zhou AG, Zhang H, Zhang J. Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Arthroscopy. March 2017, 33 (3): 659–670.e1. PMID 28012636. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2016.09.024. 
  10. ^ Shen L, Yuan T, Chen S, Xie X, Zhang C. The temporal effect of platelet-rich plasma on pain and physical function in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. January 2017, 12 (1): 16. PMC 5260061可免费查阅. PMID 28115016. doi:10.1186/s13018-017-0521-3. 
  11. ^ Foster TE, Puskas BL, Mandelbaum BR, Gerhardt MB, Rodeo SA. Platelet-rich plasma: from basic science to clinical applications. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. November 2009, 37 (11): 2259–72. PMID 19875361. doi:10.1177/0363546509349921. 
  12. ^ Franchini M, Cruciani M, Mengoli C, Marano G, Pupella S, Veropalumbo E, Masiello F, Pati I, Vaglio S, Liumbruno GM. Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma as conservative treatment in orthopaedics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione del Sangue. November 2018, 16 (6): 502–513. PMC 6214820可免费查阅. PMID 30201082. doi:10.2450/2018.0111-18. 
  13. ^ Zhang, YJ; Xu, SZ; Gu, PC; Du, JY; Cai, YZ; Zhang, C; Lin, XJ. Is Platelet-rich Plasma Injection Effective for Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy? A Meta-analysis.. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. August 2018, 476 (8): 1633–1641. PMC 6259774可免费查阅. PMID 29601383. doi:10.1007/s11999.0000000000000258. 
  14. ^ Valente Duarte de Sousa IC, Tosti A. New investigational drugs for androgenetic alopecia. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. May 2013, 22 (5): 573–89. PMID 23550739. doi:10.1517/13543784.2013.784743. 
  15. ^ Sinha S, Schreiner AJ, Biernaskie J, Nickerson D, Gabriel VA. Treating pain on skin graft donor sites: Review and clinical recommendations. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. November 2017, 83 (5): 954–964. PMID 28598907. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000001615. 
  16. ^ Griffin XL, Smith CM, Costa ML. The clinical use of platelet-rich plasma in the promotion of bone healing: a systematic review. Injury. February 2009, 40 (2): 158–62. PMID 19084836. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2008.06.025. 
  17. ^ Pocaterra A, Caruso S, Bernardi S, Scagnoli L, Continenza MA, Gatto R. Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma as an adjunctive material to bone graft: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. August 2016, 45 (8): 1027–34. PMID 26987695. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2016.02.012. 
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 Osborne, Hannah. Injecting blood plasma into your clitoris for $2,500 won't give you with better orgasms. International Business Times UK. 8 July 2016 [1 October 2018]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-20) (英语). 
  19. ^ Goodman, Michael P. Female Genital Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery. John Wiley & Sons. 2016: PT391. ISBN 9781118848487 (英语). There is presently no information in peer reviewed literature. 
  20. ^ Frautschi RS, Hashem AM, Halasa B, Cakmakoglu C, Zins JE. Current Evidence for Clinical Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma in Aesthetic Surgery: A Systematic Review. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. March 2017, 37 (3): 353–362. PMID 28207031. doi:10.1093/asj/sjw178. 
  21. ^ Canada, Health. Health Canada Policy Position Paper – Autologous Cell Therapy Products. aem. 2019-05-15 [2019-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-13). 
  22. ^ Health Canada orders halt to unproven stem cell-based injection treatments. [2019-07-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-09). 
  23. ^ Pavlovic V, Ciric M, Jovanovic V, Stojanovic P. Platelet Rich Plasma: a short overview of certain bioactive components. Open Medicine. 2016, 11 (1): 242–247. PMC 5329835可免费查阅. PMID 28352802. doi:10.1515/med-2016-0048. 
  24. ^ Bielecki T, Dohan Ehrenfest DM, Everts PA, Wiczkowski A. The role of leukocytes from L-PRP/L-PRF in wound healing and immune defense: new perspectives. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. June 2012, 13 (7): 1153–62. PMID 21740376. doi:10.2174/138920112800624373. 
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 Borrione P, Gianfrancesco AD, Pereira MT, Pigozzi F. Platelet-rich plasma in muscle healing. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. October 2010, 89 (10): 854–61. PMID 20855985. doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181f1c1c7. 
  26. ^ Yu W, Wang J, Yin J. Platelet-rich plasma: a promising product for treatment of peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury. The International Journal of Neuroscience. April 2011, 121 (4): 176–80. PMID 21244302. doi:10.3109/00207454.2010.544432. 
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 Dhurat R, Sukesh M. Principles and Methods of Preparation of Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Review and Author's Perspective. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery. 2014, 7 (4): 189–97. PMC 4338460可免费查阅. PMID 25722595. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.150734. 
  28. ^ Kanchanatawan W, Arirachakaran A, Chaijenkij K, Prasathaporn N, Boonard M, Piyapittayanun P, Kongtharvonskul J. Short-term outcomes of platelet-rich plasma injection for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. May 2016, 24 (5): 1665–77. PMID 26387122. doi:10.1007/s00167-015-3784-4. 
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 Kolata G. Popular Blood Therapy May Not Work. New York Times. 2010-01-12. (原始内容存档于2018-04-01). 
  30. ^ Schwarz A. A Promising Treatment for Athletes, in Blood. New York Times (New York). 2009-02-16. (原始内容存档于2016-04-10). 
  31. ^ Reynolds G. Phys Ed: Does Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy Really Work?. New York Times. 2011-01-26. (原始内容存档于2016-04-10). 
  32. ^ Storrs C. Is Platelet-Rich Plasma an Effective Healing Therapy?. Scientific American. 2009-12-18 [2019-12-25]. (原始内容存档于2013-03-13). 
  33. ^ Beitzel K, Allen D, Apostolakos J, Russell RP, McCarthy MB, Gallo GJ, Cote MP, Mazzocca AD. US definitions, current use, and FDA stance on use of platelet-rich plasma in sports medicine. The Journal of Knee Surgery. February 2015, 28 (1): 29–34. PMID 25268794. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1390030. 
  34. ^ Georgiou, Aristos. What is a vampire facial?. Newsweek. 14 September 2018 [29 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-17) (英语). 
  35. ^ What it's really like to get the infamous vampire facial. The Independent. 28 February 2018 [29 March 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-28) (英语). 
  36. ^ World Anti-Doping Agency announces changes to Prohibited List. Irish Medical Times. 2011-01-10. (原始内容存档于2016-04-10).