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2020/06/02 ��464�� �q�\���h�q���ݾ��v�����������q�\
   
 

The Shortest Distance between Two Points Is Not Necessarily a Straight Line!�@¶�s�������H�������u�j���K
by Bruce E. Bagnell


�@�@ �@

�@�@The shortest distance between two points is a straight line, right? Not necessarily! That depends on the scale�� of what we are talking about. True, the most direct path from one side of a room to the opposite side is a straight line. We can measure the span to prove this. However, when we use a much larger scope—a global scale, perhaps—a straight line as measured on a map is not necessarily the fastest way to move between two points. How can that be?
�@�@Most maps are printed on flat pieces of paper. The most commonly used is called the Mercator projection��, which projects the spherical�� world onto a flat, two-dimensional�� surface, exaggerating the size of the northern and southern polar�� areas. Pull up a map. As you can clearly see, the island of Greenland—located up by the North Pole—is depicted as a huge landmass��. As a matter of fact, it is merely two-thirds the size of India, which appears smaller as it lies much closer to the equator��. This distortion of space on flat maps warps�� our impression of straight lines and of relative distances.
�@�@As an example, suppose you want to journey�� from New York to Taipei. Using a typical Mercator projection map, you would assume that the best flight route�� would be by heading west via the continental�� US and over the Pacific Ocean. In reality, that itinerary would be a considerable waste of both time and money. To show why, prepare a piece of string and get hold of a globe. With one end affixed�� to New York and the other to Taipei, pull the strand taut��. Surprise! Now, you’ll have to concede that the shortest distance is going north over Alaska and Russia, then southward�� towards Taipei.

 

�� scale n. �ثסA�d��A�W��
�� Mercator projection�@�@���d����v�k�]�@�ص�������W�Φa�ϧ�v�k�A�b�H����v�kø�s���a�ϤW�A�g�n�u������m�ҫ����ۥ�A�ϥ@�ɦa�ϥi�Hø�s�b�@�Ӫ���ΤW�^
�� spherical a. �y�΢A�骺
�� dimensional a. �Ŷ����ת��A������
�� polar a. ���Ϫ�
�� landmass n. �a���A����
�� equator n. ���D
�� warp vt. �ᦱ�F�Ϧ�����
�� journey vi. & n. �Ȧ�]�׫����~�Ȧ�^
�� route n. ���u
�� continental a. �j����
�� affix vt. ���A�K�W�]�`�γQ�ʡ^
�� taut a. �Ժ�
�� southward adv. �V�n

1. opposite a. �ﭱ���F�ۤϪ� & prep. �b……�ﭱ
• To be honest, I think the picture would look better on the opposite wall.
�ѹ껡�A�ڻ{���o�i�e���b�ﭱ����W�|�n�ݨǡC
• The library is next to the bank, opposite the post office.
�ӹϮ��]�N�b�Ȧ檺�j���B�l�����ﭱ�C

2. span n.�]�q�@�ݨ�t�@�ݡ^����
• That bird has huge wings with a span of over a meter.
���������ͻH�ܤj�A�l�i���@���ئh�C

3. scope n. �d��F�Ŷ��F���|
beyond the scope of...�@�@�W�X……���d��
• These questions are beyond the scope of my research.
�o�ǰ��D�W�X�ڪ���s�d��C

4. project vt. ��g�F�W��
• This lamp is used to project light onto the stage.
�o���O�O�Ψӧ����g�ܻR�O�W���C

5. exaggerate vt. �ؤj
• The young child exaggerated the extent of his injury in order to gain sympathy.
���Ӥp�ĸؤj�L���˶եH����P���C

6. distortion n. �ᦱ
• What the reporter wrote about the event was a complete distortion of the facts.
����O�̩Ҽg����o��ƪ����ɧ����ᦱ�F�ƹ�C

7. relative a. �۹諸�F�����
• They weighed the relative advantages and disadvantages of buying a house and renting an apartment.
�L�̿Ŷq�R�Фl�M�����J���۹��u���I�C

8. suppose vt. ���w�F�Q�A�{��
be supposed to V�@�@�z��……
• Suppose you are walking on a hot and dusty road.
�Q���A�����b�@���S���B���F�S�j�����W�C
• You are not supposed to wear jeans to such a formal meeting.
�A�����Ӭ���J�ǥh�ѥ[�o�򥿦����|ij�C

9. assume vt. �{���F���w�A���]
• Elaine didn’t see Daniel’s wedding ring, so she assumed that he was single.
�콬�S�ݨ줦�������B�١A�ҥH�K�{���L�ٳ樭�C

10. itinerary n.�]�Ȧ檺�^��{�A���u
• A travel agent said she would plan my itinerary.
�@�W�Ȧ��¾�����o�|�w�Ƨڪ���{�C

11. considerable a. �۷��j��
• The sports car costs a considerable amount of money.
�����]���n������C

12. strand n.�]÷�l�^�@�ڡF�]�Y�v�^�@��
• Peter brushed a strand of hair from his forehead, cleared his throat, and began to speak.
���o���}�e�B�W���@���Y�v�B�M�F�M���V�A�}�l�t���C

13. concede vt.�]�`�������@�a�^�ӻ{
concede + that �l�y�@�@�ӻ{……
• The mayor conceded that he had made the wrong decision on that issue.
�����ӻ{�L�b����ij�D�W���F���~���M�w�C

1. depend on / upon...�@�@��……�өw�F�̿�……
• Which channel I watch depends on what’s on at that time.
�ڦ��ݭ����W�D�n�����ɼ��X����`�ئөw�C
• To Julie, her husband is the only one in the world she can depend on.
������ӻ��A�o�V�ҬO�o�b�@�W�ߤ@��̿઺�H�C

2. pull up...�@�@���X……
• Wayne pulled up a map and pointed out the US to his kid.
�������X�@�i�a�ϡA���X���굹�L���Ĥl�ݡC

3. be depicted as...�@�@�Q�y�z���A�ήe��……
• In that magazine article, the pop singer is depicted as the next Madonna.
�b���g���x�峹���A�Ӭy��q��Q�ήe�������R�����Z�H�C

4. get hold of...�@�@���ӢA���……
• Daisy managed to get hold of a first edition of the classic novel.
�L��]�k��Ӥ@���Ӹg��p�����Ĥ@���C

distance n. �Z��
• Can you run the entire distance without stopping?
�A�ण�𮧶]�����{�ܡH
---------------------------------------------------------------
�H�U���� distance ���f�t���P��L�N�䪺�Ϊk�G
a. in the distance�@�@�b�����B�]���̵}�i���^
• I could see a wisp of smoke in the distance.
�ڥi�H�ݨ컻���B���@�\�ϡC
b. at / from a distance�@�@�q����A�q���B
• The huge neon sign was visible from a distance.
���ӥ��j���O�i�O�ݪO�q�ܻ����a�賣�ݱo��C
c. be within walking distance�@�@�b������쪺�d��
• I want to live in a place where the MRT station is within walking distance.
�ڷQ�n���b�@�Ө����N��챶�B�����a��C
d. a safe distance�@�@�w���Z��
• The car bumped into the one in front of it because the driver didn’t keep a safe distance.
�o��������e�������A�]���ӥq���S���O���w���Z���C
e. keep sb at a distance�@�@�P�Y�H�O���Z��
= keep a distance from sb
• Sal tends to lie, so keep him at a distance.
�F�����������ɦV�A�ҥH�M�L�O���Z���a�C
f. go the (full) distance�@�@�����U�h
• Though exhausted, Ken still went the full distance and finished the marathon.
���M�P�쵬�h�O�ܡA���֤����������F���ԪQ�C
g. distance ��i���u�]���Y���^�����v�C
• There has been a distance between Jay and May since they split up.
�۱q���ǩM���������A�L�̤����N�����F�C

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