第一、二周 1.3 第一单元词汇测试
1、 Some home and office buildings in the U.S are now being heated with____ energy.
答案: solar
2、 On July 20th, 1969, two American____ planted the first human footsteps on the moon.
答案: astronauts
3、 For thousands of years____ have been looking at the moon, studying its appearance and its motion through the sky.
答案: astronomers
4、 The ancient Babylon calendar was quite similar to the Chinese____ calendar.
答案: lunar
5、 At one time or another every thinking person had speculated about his place in the____.
答案: cosmos
6、 For three years, the____ followed one another. It’s unlucky for them.
答案: disasters
7、 New York is considered as a____ in the business.
答案: cosmopolis
8、 Seagulls glided overhead on____ currents.
答案: aerial
9、 Now we know that the fishes in the sea are all____.
答案: salty
10、 A/An____ alerts the readers to look for additional information at the foot of the paper.
答案: asterisk
11、 If you want to put out a fire, you may draw water from a____ in the street.
答案: hydrant
12、 We have stored a lot of____ vegatables for the winter.
答案: dehydrated
13、 Most of the children are in favor of going to the____, for they are interested in living fish and water plants.
答案: aquarium
14、 In about 3,000 B.C., Iberians settled on British islands and brought them____ culture.
答案: neolithic
15、 ____ would have people believe that their lives are regulated by the movements of the stars, planets, sun, and moon.
答案: An astrologer
16、 In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own____ system.
答案: solar
17、 He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the____ cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar .
答案: lunar
18、 Many people believe we are heading for environmental____ unless we radically change way we live.
答案: disaster
19、 Such discoveries are likely to have revolutionary consequences for biology,____ and philosophy. They may change the way we look at ourselves and our place in the universe.
答案: astronomy
20、 While company managers have known about the benefits for a long time, many have done little about it, sceptical of whether they could trust their employees to work to full____ without supervision, or concerned about the additional expenses teleworking policies might incur as staff start charging their home phone bills to the business.
答案: capacity
第一、二周 1.4 第一单元阅读理解
1、 1. The story of creation In the beginning, before time began, the Bible tells us how God created the world. The earth was an empty and dark place and there was no life or light. In the six days, God created the world and everything living on the earth. The first thing God created was the light. God said, ”let there be light.” Suddenly, the first bright light began to shine on the empty, stormy waters covering the earth. God saw the light was good and he named the light “day”, and he called the darkness “night.” Now, God commanded the waters covering the whole earth to pull back. God divided the earth between the dry land and the big seas. And so it happened. Now the world had mountains and valleys. It had lakes and rivers. And God said “let the earth be filled with green grass.” He put tall trees and beautiful flowers everywhere. He filled the world with color. And God saw all he created was wonderful and said to himself, “this is good.” On the fourth day, God made the sun, the moon, and the stars. He made the sun shine from the sky during the day and the moon to shine in the night along with all the countless glittering stars of the universe. But the earth was very quiet and still because no living beings had been created. Then, on the fifth day, God created fish in the seas and rivers, and birds to fly through the sky. On the sixth day, God made animals of every kind to live on the dry land of the earth. God made every animal you can think of, from elephants and zebra’s, lions and cattle, sheep, dogs and cats, to all the smallest creature you can find on the earth. When God had created all this, He said, “this is really, really, good.” God was almost finished creating the world, but something important was still missing. God knew the fantastic of all this creations had not yet been created. 1.Which of the following is true according to the passage？
答案: God saw all he created was wonderful
2、 1. The story of creation In the beginning, before time began, the Bible tells us how God created the world. The earth was an empty and dark place and there was no life or light. In the six days, God created the world and everything living on the earth. The first thing God created was the light. God said, ”let there be light.” Suddenly, the first bright light began to shine on the empty, stormy waters covering the earth. God saw the light was good and he named the light “day”, and he called the darkness “night.” Now, God commanded the waters covering the whole earth to pull back. God divided the earth between the dry land and the big seas. And so it happened. Now the world had mountains and valleys. It had lakes and rivers. And God said “let the earth be filled with green grass.” He put tall trees and beautiful flowers everywhere. He filled the world with color. And God saw all he created was wonderful and said to himself, “this is good.” On the fourth day, God made the sun, the moon, and the stars. He made the sun shine from the sky during the day and the moon to shine in the night along with all the countless glittering stars of the universe. But the earth was very quiet and still because no living beings had been created. Then, on the fifth day, God created fish in the seas and rivers, and birds to fly through the sky. On the sixth day, God made animals of every kind to live on the dry land of the earth. God made every animal you can think of, from elephants and zebra’s, lions and cattle, sheep, dogs and cats, to all the smallest creature you can find on the earth. When God had created all this, He said, “this is really, really, good.” God was almost finished creating the world, but something important was still missing. God knew the fantastic of all this creations had not yet been created. 2. What can be predicted according to the passage？
答案: God knew the fantastic of all this creations had not yet been created.
3、 2. Adam and Eve On the sixth day God said, “I want to create people. They shall have a conscience, so they can think, know and love me, and love each other. I will make them masters of everything I have made, so they can take care of all the things I just have created.” God took dust from the dry land and he formed Adam, the first man. God gave Adam his shape and breathed life through his nostrils, so Adam became alive and started to breathe like all living things do. Adam opened his eyes and found himself in a wonderful garden, called Eden, which God had created for him.Adam was so excited about all the many animals which were surrounding him in the Garden of Eden. So he began to give all the animals names to tell them from one another. But Adam felt lonely, because among all the living beings he did not find any that looked liked him. Adam was the only human on the earth. God saw that it was not good for Adam to be alone and said, ”I will create a companion for Adam to be alone and said ,”I will create a companion for Adam so he will not be alone anymore.” So Adam fell into a deep sleep. God took out one of his ribs and from it he created a companion for Adam, called eve. When Adam woke up from his deep sleep and opened his eyes he saw this new person. He said, “She shall be called woman, because she came from man.” God blessed Adam and Eve and told them to be happy and enjoy all that he had created. God said, “Have children and let them help you in taking care of everything which I have created. I want every corner of the earth to be full of life and want everything to prosper, blossom and grow. You can find the garden I have made for you, but do not eat the fruit of the tree of knowledge. If you do so, you will die.” After these first six days when time had just begun and God had created everything, he said, “everything is perfect now. This is very very good.” 3. What can be inferred from the passage
答案: Women came from man’s rib.
4、 2. Adam and Eve On the sixth day God said, “I want to create people. They shall have a conscience, so they can think, know and love me, and love each other. I will make them masters of everything I have made, so they can take care of all the things I just have created.” God took dust from the dry land and he formed Adam, the first man. God gave Adam his shape and breathed life through his nostrils, so Adam became alive and started to breathe like all living things do. Adam opened his eyes and found himself in a wonderful garden, called Eden, which God had created for him. Adam was so excited about all the many animals which were surrounding him in the Garden of Eden. So he began to give all the animals names to tell them from one another. But Adam felt lonely, because among all the living beings he did not find any that looked liked him. Adam was the only human on the earth. God saw that it was not good for Adam to be alone and said, ”I will create a companion for Adam to be alone and said ,”I will create a companion for Adam so he will not be alone anymore.” So Adam fell into a deep sleep. God took out one of his ribs and from it he created a companion for Adam, called eve. When Adam woke up from his deep sleep and opened his eyes he saw this new person. He said, “She shall be called woman, because she came from man.” God blessed Adam and Eve and told them to be happy and enjoy all that he had created. God said, “Have children and let them help you in taking care of everything which I have created. I want every corner of the earth to be full of life and want everything to prosper, blossom and grow. You can find the garden I have made for you, but do not eat the fruit of the tree of knowledge. If you do so, you will die.” After these first six days when time had just begun and God had created everything, he said, “everything is perfect now. This is very very good.” 4.What do we know about Adam’s companion？
答案: She made Adam not alone anymore.
5、 3. The Fall It looked as if nothing could destroy the happiness Adam and Eve experienced in the Garden of Eden where God had created everything so wonderful and perfect. But one day when Eve was standing near the tree of knowledge, looking at the fruit she could not to eat, she heard the voice of creature named Satan. Satan could make himself look like any animal and he now looked like a snake and said to Eve, “Has God really told you not to eat of the fruit of the tree Are you really sure God meant what he said”“Yes, I am sure God has said we cannot eat from this fruit,” Eve said. “But are you sure you cannot just have a little bite of the fruit I can tell you they really taste good” Satan tempted. And Eve could not stand the temptation. She reached out and took fruit from tree, tasted it and she ate it. She also gave some of it to Adam and he ate it, too. But as soon as they had eaten from the fruit they felt bad. Everything was suddenly different and they were ashamed for what they had done. They also realized that they were naked and were hiding in shame. In the evening when God came walking through the garden, Adam and Eve dared not to go out and meet him. So God was calling out,“Adam, where are you”“Here I am,” said Adam and God could hear how Adam’s voice had completely changed. And God said, “So, did you eat from the fruit I had forbidden you to eat”“Actually, it was Eve, the woman you gave to me. She made me eat the fruit,” Adam said. And Eve said, “No, it was the evil snake that tempted me and made me eat from the tree.” But God was angry and said, “I have told you very often not to eat from this fruit and this means you cannot be here in the garden any longer. Now I have to throw you out of the Garden of Eden forever and you will have to live on the earth where you must take care of yourself. And you will no longer be able to speak with me face to face like you have done here in Eden.” It was a very sad day when Adam and Eve had to leave the garden. An angel holding a flaming sword was guarding the entrance to Eden preventing anybody ever to enter into the garden again. The paradise in the garden with God was lost for Adam and Eve. But God still loved Adam and Eve. God did not forget them. 5. The underlined word “tempted” in the second paragraph can be replaced by
答案: seduced
6、 3. The Fall It looked as if nothing could destroy the happiness Adam and Eve experienced in the Garden of Eden where God had created everything so wonderful and perfect. But one day when Eve was standing near the tree of knowledge, looking at the fruit she could not to eat, she heard the voice of creature named Satan. Satan could make himself look like any animal and he now looked like a snake and said to Eve, “Has God really told you not to eat of the fruit of the tree Are you really sure God meant what he said”“Yes, I am sure God has said we cannot eat from this fruit,” Eve said. “But are you sure you cannot just have a little bite of the fruit I can tell you they really taste good” Satan tempted. And Eve could not stand the temptation. She reached out and took fruit from tree, tasted it and she ate it. She also gave some of it to Adam and he ate it, too. But as soon as they had eaten from the fruit they felt bad. Everything was suddenly different and they were ashamed for what they had done. They also realized that they were naked and were hiding in shame. In the evening when God came walking through the garden, Adam and Eve dared not to go out and meet him. So God was calling out,“Adam, where are you”“Here I am,” said Adam and God could hear how Adam’s voice had completely changed. And God said, “So, did you eat from the fruit I had forbidden you to eat”“Actually, it was Eve, the woman you gave to me. She made me eat the fruit,” Adam said. And Eve said, “No, it was the evil snake that tempted me and made me eat from the tree.” But God was angry and said, “I have told you very often not to eat from this fruit and this means you cannot be here in the garden any longer. Now I have to throw you out of the Garden of Eden forever and you will have to live on the earth where you must take care of yourself. And you will no longer be able to speak with me face to face like you have done here in Eden.” It was a very sad day when Adam and Eve had to leave the garden. An angel holding a flaming sword was guarding the entrance to Eden preventing anybody ever to enter into the garden again. The paradise in the garden with God was lost for Adam and Eve. But God still loved Adam and Eve. God did not forget them. 6.What is the passage mainly about
答案: Paradise in the garden of Eden
7、 4. Great floodThe LORD saw that humanity had become thoroughly evil on the earth and that every idea their minds thought up was always completely evil. The LORD regretted making human beings on the earth, and he was heartbroken. So the LORD said, “I will wipe off of the land the human race that I’ve created: from human beings to livestock to the crawling things to the birds in the skies, because I regret I ever made them.” But as for Noah, the LORD approved of him. Noah was a moral and exemplary man; he walked with God.God said to Noah, “The end has come for all creatures, since they have filled the earth with violence. I am now about to destroy them along with the earth, so make a wooden ark. Make the ark with nesting places and cover it inside and out with tar. I am now bringing the floodwaters over the earth to destroy everything under the sky that breathes. Everything on earth is about to take its last breath. But I will set up my covenant with you. You will go into the ark together with your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives. From all living things—from all creatures—you are to bring a pair, male and female, into the ark with you to keep them alive. From each kind of bird, from each kind of livestock, and from each kind of everything that crawls on the ground—a pair from each will go in with you to stay alive. Take some from every kind of food and stow it as food for you and for the animals.”Noah did everything exactly as God commanded him.The flood remained on the earth for forty days. Everything on dry land with life’s breath in its nostrils died. God wiped away every living thing that was on the fertile land—from human beings to livestock to crawling things to birds in the sky. They were wiped off the earth. Only Noah and those with him in the ark were left. The waters rose over the earth for one hundred fifty days.After forty days, Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made. He sent out a raven, and it flew back and forth until the waters over the entire earth had dried up. Then he sent out a dove to see if the waters on all of the fertile land had subsided, but the dove found no place to set its foot. It returned to him in the ark since waters still covered the entire earth. Noah stretched out his hand, took it, and brought it back into the ark. He waited seven more days and sent the dove out from the ark again. The dove came back to him in the evening, grasping a torn olive leaf in its beak. Then Noah knew that the waters were subsiding from the earth. He waited seven more days and sent out the dove, but it didn’t come back to him again. In Noah’s six hundred first year, on the first day of the first month, the waters dried up from the earth.7. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
答案: God made an ark just by himself
8、 4. Great floodThe LORD saw that humanity had become thoroughly evil on the earth and that every idea their minds thought up was always completely evil. The LORD regretted making human beings on the earth, and he was heartbroken. So the LORD said, “I will wipe off of the land the human race that I’ve created: from human beings to livestock to the crawling things to the birds in the skies, because I regret I ever made them.” But as for Noah, the LORD approved of him. Noah was a moral and exemplary man; he walked with God.God said to Noah, “The end has come for all creatures, since they have filled the earth with violence. I am now about to destroy them along with the earth, so make a wooden ark. Make the ark with nesting places and cover it inside and out with tar. I am now bringing the floodwaters over the earth to destroy everything under the sky that breathes. Everything on earth is about to take its last breath. But I will set up my covenant with you. You will go into the ark together with your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives. From all living things—from all creatures—you are to bring a pair, male and female, into the ark with you to keep them alive. From each kind of bird, from each kind of livestock, and from each kind of everything that crawls on the ground—a pair from each will go in with you to stay alive. Take some from every kind of food and stow it as food for you and for the animals.”Noah did everything exactly as God commanded him.The flood remained on the earth for forty days. Everything on dry land with life’s breath in its nostrils died. God wiped away every living thing that was on the fertile land—from human beings to livestock to crawling things to birds in the sky. They were wiped off the earth. Only Noah and those with him in the ark were left. The waters rose over the earth for one hundred fifty days.After forty days, Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made. He sent out a raven, and it flew back and forth until the waters over the entire earth had dried up. Then he sent out a dove to see if the waters on all of the fertile land had subsided, but the dove found no place to set its foot. It returned to him in the ark since waters still covered the entire earth. Noah stretched out his hand, took it, and brought it back into the ark. He waited seven more days and sent the dove out from the ark again. The dove came back to him in the evening, grasping a torn olive leaf in its beak. Then Noah knew that the waters were subsiding from the earth. He waited seven more days and sent out the dove, but it didn’t come back to him again. In Noah’s six hundred first year, on the first day of the first month, the waters dried up from the earth.8. What can be inferred from the passage
答案: Humanity had become thoroughly evil on the earth
9、 5. Origin of languages and culturesAll people on the earth had one language and the same words. When they traveled east, they found a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there. They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them hard.” They used bricks for stones and asphalt for mortar. They said, “Come, let’s build for ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the sky, and let’s make a name for ourselves so that we won’t be dispersed over all the earth.”Then the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the humans built. And the LORD said, “There is now one people and they all have one language. This is what they have begun to do, and now all that they plan to do will be possible for them. Come, let’s go down and mix up their language there so they won’t understand each other’s language.” Then the LORD dispersed them from there over all of the earth, and they stopped building the city. Therefore, it is named Babel, because there the LORD mixed up the language of all the earth; and from there the LORD dispersed them over all the earth.9. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
答案: The LORD decided to mix up language so people can understand each other’s language.
10、 5. Origin of languages and culturesAll people on the earth had one language and the same words. When they traveled east, they found a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there. They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them hard.” They used bricks for stones and asphalt for mortar. They said, “Come, let’s build for ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the sky, and let’s make a name for ourselves so that we won’t be dispersed over all the earth.”Then the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the humans built. And the LORD said, “There is now one people and they all have one language. This is what they have begun to do, and now all that they plan to do will be possible for them. Come, let’s go down and mix up their language there so they won’t understand each other’s language.” Then the LORD dispersed them from there over all of the earth, and they stopped building the city. Therefore, it is named Babel, because there the LORD mixed up the language of all the earth; and from there the LORD dispersed them over all the earth.10. The underlined word in the passage can be replaced by
答案: Scattered.
11、 6.Why Read the BibleIf Bible readers everywhere could return their answers what diverse and interesting points of view the replies would bring! For instance，one perceives in the Bible record the worst and the best that men have always thought and felt; for him it is full of the universal motives of humanity. He has noticed, too, that in sketching often but the single act of a character, the Book brings the essential man or woman vividly out of the darkness and into the light for all time. As a student of men, we can imagine such a one replying that the Bible is “The Book of human Nature.” Another knows that it has been the inspiration of countless writers, and that its sayings and teachings are woven by the hundreds and thousands through and through the texture of our English masterpieces. A student of books might well say that the Bible is the chief “Source-Book of Our Literature.”Still another would say, “The Bible is the beginning of many of our customs. Our common law is largely founded on its laws and many of our institutions are based upon those it sanctions.” So a business man, a man of affairs, might very naturally call it, “The Foundation-Book of Christian Civilization.”For many the Bible is “The Book of Salvation,” pointing the way into the presence of God.Still others draw from it counsel and strength for those who depend upon them for guidance. “God could not be everywhere, so he made mothers.” And in their hands the Bible becomes “The Book of Character.”The marvel of it is that each of these viewpoints is true. And many others are equally true. For the Bible, like the diamond, reflects its light from many facets, Which one you see depends upon where you stand, upon your point of view. How clear and strong the light for you depends upon how far you have come within the circle of its radiance.11.Which of the following is not referred in the passage
答案: Agriculture.
12、 6.Why Read the BibleIf Bible readers everywhere could return their answers what diverse and interesting points of view the replies would bring! For instance，one perceives in the Bible record the worst and the best that men have always thought and felt; for him it is full of the universal motives of humanity. He has noticed, too, that in sketching often but the single act of a character, the Book brings the essential man or woman vividly out of the darkness and into the light for all time. As a student of men, we can imagine such a one replying that the Bible is “The Book of human Nature.” Another knows that it has been the inspiration of countless writers, and that its sayings and teachings are woven by the hundreds and thousands through and through the texture of our English masterpieces. A student of books might well say that the Bible is the chief “Source-Book of Our Literature.”Still another would say, “The Bible is the beginning of many of our customs. Our common law is largely founded on its laws and many of our institutions are based upon those it sanctions.” So a business man, a man of affairs, might very naturally call it, “The Foundation-Book of Christian Civilization.”For many the Bible is “The Book of Salvation,” pointing the way into the presence of God.Still others draw from it counsel and strength for those who depend upon them for guidance. “God could not be everywhere, so he made mothers.” And in their hands the Bible becomes “The Book of Character.”The marvel of it is that each of these viewpoints is true. And many others are equally true. For the Bible, like the diamond, reflects its light from many facets, Which one you see depends upon where you stand, upon your point of view. How clear and strong the light for you depends upon how far you have come within the circle of its radiance.12.Which of the following is the best understanding of the underlined sentence
答案: Mothers are helpers of God to guide people.
13、 7. Einstein and “God”The debate over Science and Religion is like catnip for anyone wanting to spout off about the improbability of God or the arrogance of scientists. The public seems to have an insatiable appetite for this debate. Many of the current debates in science and religion turn on how we define certain key words, like “God”, “transcendence”, and “religion”. A great deal also rides on how much of reality we think can be explained by another loaded word, “science.”Take the case of Albert Einstein. He died more than half a century ago, but there’s a huge debate right now between religious believers and atheists over who gets to claim Einstein, the most famous scientist of the last century. Einstein himself made a number of provocative and rather cryptic comments about religion. He called himself “a deeply religious nonbeliever.” He said, “Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind.” Most famously, he proclaimed, “God does not play dice with the universe.” Who is this God that Einstein invoked Was he simply using the word “God” as a synonym for order and harmony in the universeI have asked a number of scientists, theologians, and Einstein scholars, and I’ve heard many different responses. “Einstein clearly was an atheist（无神论者）in the sense that he didn’t believe in a personal God,” Richard Dawkins says. “He used the word God as a metaphoric name for that which we don’t yet understand, for the deep mysteries of the universe.” The Nobel Prize-winning physicist and fellow atheist Steven Weinberg believes Einstein was just using poetic language when he talked about religion, which Weinsberg considers a mistake. “Clearly, what Einstein meant by God is so vague and so far from conventional religion, it seems to me a misuse of the word,” Weinsberg says. “The concept of God historically has had a fairly definite meaning. God was conscious. God was powerful. God was benevolent to some extent. If you’re not going to use God to mean something like that, then you shouldn’t use the word.”Walter Isaacson, Einstein’s biographer, has a very different perspective. He claims that Einstein was a deist（自然神论信仰者）who knew exactly what he was doing when he talked about “God” and “religion.” When he was asked whether he was just using the word symbolically, he said, no, he wasn’t,” Isaacson told me. “He talked about having a cosmic religion. He thought there was a spirit manifesting in the laws of the universe, and that was his notion of God.” 13. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage
答案: Weinsberg holds that the word “God” can be used poetically.
14、 7. Einstein and “God”The debate over Science and Religion is like catnip for anyone wanting to spout off about the improbability of God or the arrogance of scientists. The public seems to have an insatiable appetite for this debate. Many of the current debates in science and religion turn on how we define certain key words, like “God”, “transcendence”, and “religion”. A great deal also rides on how much of reality we think can be explained by another loaded word, “science.”Take the case of Albert Einstein. He died more than half a century ago, but there’s a huge debate right now between religious believers and atheists over who gets to claim Einstein, the most famous scientist of the last century. Einstein himself made a number of provocative and rather cryptic comments about religion. He called himself “a deeply religious nonbeliever.” He said, “Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind.” Most famously, he proclaimed, “God does not play dice with the universe.” Who is this God that Einstein invoked Was he simply using the word “God” as a synonym for order and harmony in the universeI have asked a number of scientists, theologians, and Einstein scholars, and I’ve heard many different responses. “Einstein clearly was an atheist（无神论者）in the sense that he didn’t believe in a personal God,” Richard Dawkins says. “He used the word God as a metaphoric name for that which we don’t yet understand, for the deep mysteries of the universe.” The Nobel Prize-winning physicist and fellow atheist Steven Weinberg believes Einstein was just using poetic language when he talked about religion, which Weinsberg considers a mistake. “Clearly, what Einstein meant by God is so vague and so far from conventional religion, it seems to me a misuse of the word,” Weinsberg says. “The concept of God historically has had a fairly definite meaning. God was conscious. God was powerful. God was benevolent to some extent. If you’re not going to use God to mean something like that, then you shouldn’t use the word.”Walter Isaacson, Einstein’s biographer, has a very different perspective. He claims that Einstein was a deist（自然神论信仰者）who knew exactly what he was doing when he talked about “God” and “religion.” When he was asked whether he was just using the word symbolically, he said, no, he wasn’t,” Isaacson told me. “He talked about having a cosmic religion. He thought there was a spirit manifesting in the laws of the universe, and that was his notion of God.”14. Which of the following Can Not replace the underlined word “metaphoric”
答案: Historical.
15、 8. Origin of Peace Symbols(1) The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons-that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let’s look at a few of them. The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art , the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ’s head .(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949. The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain. Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya’s son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship. The olive branch(7)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit , so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol. The ankh(8) The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the “afterworld”. The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water. 15. The origin of the ankh can date back to__.
答案: Ancient Egypt.
16、 8. Origin of Peace Symbols(1) The concept of peace is a very important one in cultures all over the world. Think about how we greet people. In some languages, the phrases for greetings contain the word for peace. In some cultures we greet people by shaking hands or with another gesture to show that we are not carrying weapons-that we come in peace. And there are certain symbols which people in very different cultures recognize as representing peace. Let’s look at a few of them. The dove(2)The dove has been a symbol of peace and innocence for thousands of years in many different cultures. In ancient Greek mythology it was a symbol of love and the renewal of life. In ancient Japan a dove carrying a sword symbolized the end of war.(3)There was a tradition in Europe that if a dove flew around a house where someone was dying then their soul would be at peace. And there are legends which say that the devil can turn himself into any bird except for a dove. In Christian art , the dove was used to symbolize the Holy Ghost and was often painted above Christ’s head .(4)But it was Pablo Picasso who made the dove a modern symbol of peace when he used it on a poster for the World Peace Congress in 1949. The rainbow(5)The rainbow is another ancient and universal symbol, often representing the connection between human beings and their gods. In Greek mythology it was associated with Iris, the goddess who brought messages from the gods on Mount Olympus. In Scandinavian mythology the rainbow was a bridge between the gods and the earth. In the Bible a rainbow showed Noah that the Biblical flood was finally over, and that God had forgiven his people. In the Chinese tradition, the rainbow is a common symbol for marriage because the colours represent the union of yin and yang. Nowadays the rainbow is used by many popular movements for peace and the environment, representing the possibility of a better world in the future and promising sunshine after the rain. Mistletoe(6)This plant was sacred in many cultures, generally representing peace and love. Most people know of the tradition of kissing under the mistletoe at Christmas time, which probably comes from Scandinavian mythology. The goddess Freya’s son was killed by an arrow made of mistletoe, so, in honour of him, she declared that it would always be a symbol of peace. It was often hung in doorways as a sign of friendship. The olive branch(7)The olive tree has always been a valuable source of food and oil. In Greek mythology, the goddess Athena gave the olive tree to the people of Athens, who showed their gratitude by naming the city after her. But no one knows for sure when or why it began to symbolize peace. There is probably a connection with ancient Greece. Wars between states were suspended during the Olympic Games, and the winners were given crowns of olive branches. The symbolism may come from the fact that the olive tree takes a long time to produce fruit , so olives could only be cultivated successfully in long periods of peace. Whatever the history, the olive branch is a part of many modern flags symbolizing peace and unity. One well-known example is the United Nations symbol. The ankh(8) The ankh is an ancient symbol which was adopted by the hippie movement in the 1960s to represent peace and love. It was found in many Asian cultures, but is generally associated with ancient Egypt. It represented life and immortality. Egyptians were buried with an ankh, so that they could continue to live in the “afterworld”. The symbol was also found along the sides of the Nile, which gave life to the people. They believed that the ankh could control the flow of the river and make sure that there was always enough water. 16. In North Europe mistletoe was often hung in doorways to indicate_.
答案: Friendship.
17、 9. The Origin of the WorldThere are three schools of thought regarding the origin of the world. The first school of thought claims that this world came into existence by nature and that nature is not an intelligent force. However, nature works on its own accord and goes on changing.The second school of thought says that the world was created by an almighty God who is responsible for everything. The third school of thought says that the beginning of this world and of life is inconceivable since they have neither beginning nor end. Buddhism is in accordance with this third school of thought. Bertrand Russell supports this school of thought by saying, “There is no reason to suppose that the world had a beginning at all. The idea that things must have a beginning is really due to the poverty of our thoughts.”Modern science says that some millions of years ago, the newly cooled earth was lifeless and that life originated in the ocean. Buddhism never claimed that the world, sun, moon, stars, wind, water, days and nights were created by a powerful god or by a Buddha. Buddhists believe that the world was not created once upon a time, but that the world has been created millions of times every second and will continue to do so by itself and will break away by itself. According to Buddhism, world systems always appear and disappear in the universe.H.G. Wells, in A Short History of the World, says “It is universally recognized that the universe in which we live, has to all appearance, existed for an enormous period of time and possibly for endless time. But that the universe in which we live, has existed only for six or seven thousand years may be regarded as an altogether exploded idea. No life seems to have happened suddenly upon earth.”The efforts made by many religions to explain the beginning and the end of the universe are indeed ill-conceived. The position of religions which propound the view that the universe was created by god in an exactly fixed year, has become a difficult one to maintain in the light of modern and scientific knowledge.Today scientists, historians, astronomers, biologists, botanists, anthropologists and great thinkers have all contributed vast new knowledge about the origin of the world. The speculative explanations of the origin of the universe that are presented by various religions are not acceptable to the modern scientists and intellectuals. The explanation of the origin of the universe is not the concern of religion. If one insists on studying this subject, then one must investigate the sciences, astronomy, geology, biology and anthropology. These sciences can offer more reliable and tested information on this subject than can be supplied by any religion. 17. Which one of the following is favoured by Bertrand Russel
答案: The beginning of this world and of life is inconceivable since they have neither beginning nor end.
18、 9. The Origin of the WorldThere are three schools of thought regarding the origin of the world. The first school of thought claims that this world came into existence by nature and that nature is not an intelligent force. However, nature works on its own accord and goes on changing.The second school of thought says that the world was created by an almighty God who is responsible for everything. The third school of thought says that the beginning of this world and of life is inconceivable since they have neither beginning nor end. Buddhism is in accordance with this third school of thought. Bertrand Russell supports this school of thought by saying, “There is no reason to suppose that the world had a beginning at all. The idea that things must have a beginning is really due to the poverty of our thoughts.”Modern science says that some millions of years ago, the newly cooled earth was lifeless and that life originated in the ocean. Buddhism never claimed that the world, sun, moon, stars, wind, water, days and nights were created by a powerful god or by a Buddha. Buddhists believe that the world was not created once upon a time, but that the world has been created millions of times every second and will continue to do so by itself and will break away by itself. According to Buddhism, world systems always appear and disappear in the universe.H.G. Wells, in A Short History of the World, says “It is universally recognized that the universe in which we live, has to all appearance, existed for an enormous period of time and possibly for endless time. But that the universe in which we live, has existed only for six or seven thousand years may be regarded as an altogether exploded idea. No life seems to have happened suddenly upon earth.”The efforts made by many religions to explain the beginning and the end of the universe are indeed ill-conceived. The position of religions which propound the view that the universe was created by god in an exactly fixed year, has become a difficult one to maintain in the light of modern and scientific knowledge.Today scientists, historians, astronomers, biologists, botanists, anthropologists and great thinkers have all contributed vast new knowledge about the origin of the world. The speculative explanations of the origin of the universe that are presented by various religions are not acceptable to the modern scientists and intellectuals. The explanation of the origin of the universe is not the concern of religion. If one insists on studying this subject, then one must investigate the sciences, astronomy, geology, biology and anthropology. These sciences can offer more reliable and tested information on this subject than can be supplied by any religion. 18. If one wants to find out the origin of the world, he/she should learn more about__ according to the passage.
答案: Science.
19、 10. In the BeginningWe hear this word a great deal– the beginning of a meal, a day, a story, a date, a life, or a show, a game, a conversation, a journey and so on and on. The poets and philosophers even talk a lot about the beginning of the end. Sometimes it seems to me this word is so ubiquitous that I simply refuse to give it a second thought. In my cognition, things begin in a way and end in another. Nothing is more natural than this.What, however, is the precursor to the beginning Allow me to be focused on myself first as I am more concerned about my own being. If my life starts with a cell since my parents decided to give me this current life (or maybe they did not), then my parents should be the beginning of my life. And then my grandparents on both sides, and my great grandparents whom I am pretty sure I have ever seen. The circle starts going backwards for one generation after another. I am getting dizzy now. Maths with spirals calculated backwards honestly is not my thing. Then ultimately the whole line of ‘my’ being traces to the very first people on this planet. I guess I should have stopped ‘beginning’ such an obnoxious question because definitely my remote ancestors had the slightest idea of how one tiny of their descendants dared venture.How did the first people come into being Well, renowned scientists have studied this matter for an awful lot of years searching for answers. To make it easier, just skip this controversial theory of humanity evolving from apes. It does not fancy me whatsoever to look into a hairy African gorilla’s eyes which seemingly tell me, “Good girl! You are an heir!” One thing for sure is this: before the very first peoples, the earth was.Hold on a second. Was my question “what is my beginning” Now, somehow we are talking about how the earth began. Sounds preposterous At least to myself! I never cared about the earth. All I knew about it was that it is not round, that it revolves around the sun, that life exists on it, that it is of 4.5 billion years age, and that it has a satellite. I wish I had studied more diligently in high school, yet that question of my origin never occurred to me. Asinine fatuity should be the comment I give to my previous being.This is getting serious. I do not know the answer — probably it takes a couple of PhDs and lifelong searching to give a bold and yet not-even-close nice try. Let my little brain take one step a time. We are living in the Solar system — somehow the Sun has to arrive on the scene. The Sun is 4.6 billion years, slightly older than our Earth in astronomical sense. Not a coincidence, actually. But the Milky Way where our home is is much older — 13.5 billion years. That sounds reasonably right. The barred spiral Milky Way, a sweet galactic home to our Sun, is about 100,000 light-year across and has been constantly rotating. More to the point, it contains over 200 billion stars, half of which are older than the 4.6-billion-year-old Sun. Galaxies like ours typically undergo a stellar baby boom, still churning out stars in enormous quantities. If only the question could be answered here! When I tried to dive more deeply, I found there is no way to know it at all. The attempt to find out the sheer number of the collections of galaxies that populate the universe beyond the Milky Way gave me a legion of goose bumps — counting them in any imaginable human ways with however advanced technologies is simply impossible. 200 billion is still a figure astronomers underestimated 10 times more at least and who knows how further it can go!I am totally a layman, and really, I need to take a breath. My head spins. No need to throw myself into the gigantically immense darkness of the outer space to find my origin. The answer, probably lies somewhere within. Anyhow, I am waiting for a revelation.Here it is.I have read it a coupe of times without thinking whatsoever. Many a time, if I do not pay attention, I end up knowing nothing about anything. My eyes were blind, and my heart was darkened. When the word “beginning” once again flickered my eyes, the whole world lit up! The then making-no-sense words suddenly came to life! It says in black and white: IN THE BEGINNING, GOD CREATED THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH. That IS it! For all the time I spent on searching for answers, even when I read this verse I could not see. The very beginning of everything, that is, before the heavens and earth, the oceans and creatures, the plants and birds, the man and the woman. That is categorically everything before time and space. God was there. In the very beginning. In the very beginning. Without eyes, I could not see. Without God, I could not be. Without faith, there is no beginning. In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.–Genesis 1:1 19. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “obnoxious？”
答案: Unpleasant.
20、 10. In the BeginningWe hear this word a great deal– the beginning of a meal, a day, a story, a date, a life, or a show, a game, a conversation, a journey and so on and on. The poets and philosophers even talk a lot about the beginning of the end. Sometimes it seems to me this word is so ubiquitous that I simply refuse to give it a second thought. In my cognition, things begin in a way and end in another. Nothing is more natural than this.What, however, is the precursor to the beginning Allow me to be focused on myself first as I am more concerned about my own being. If my life starts with a cell since my parents decided to give me this current life (or maybe they did not), then my parents should be the beginning of my life. And then my grandparents on both sides, and my great grandparents whom I am pretty sure I have ever seen. The circle starts going backwards for one generation after another. I am getting dizzy now. Maths with spirals calculated backwards honestly is not my thing. Then ultimately the whole line of ‘my’ being traces to the very first people on this planet. I guess I should have stopped ‘beginning’ such an obnoxious question because definitely my remote ancestors had the slightest idea of how one tiny of their descendants dared venture.How did the first people come into being Well, renowned scientists have studied this matter for an awful lot of years searching for answers. To make it easier, just skip this controversial theory of humanity evolving from apes. It does not fancy me whatsoever to look into a hairy African gorilla’s eyes which seemingly tell me, “Good girl! You are an heir!” One thing for sure is this: before the very first peoples, the earth was.Hold on a second. Was my question “what is my beginning” Now, somehow we are talking about how the earth began. Sounds preposterous At least to myself! I never cared about the earth. All I knew about it was that it is not round, that it revolves around the sun, that life exists on it, that it is of 4.5 billion years age, and that it has a satellite. I wish I had studied more diligently in high school, yet that question of my origin never occurred to me. Asinine fatuity should be the comment I give to my previous being.This is getting serious. I do not know the answer — probably it takes a couple of PhDs and lifelong searching to give a bold and yet not-even-close nice try. Let my little brain take one step a time. We are living in the Solar system — somehow the Sun has to arrive on the scene. The Sun is 4.6 billion years, slightly older than our Earth in astronomical sense. Not a coincidence, actually. But the Milky Way where our home is is much older — 13.5 billion years. That sounds reasonably right. The barred spiral Milky Way, a sweet galactic home to our Sun, is about 100,000 light-year across and has been constantly rotating. More to the point, it contains over 200 billion stars, half of which are older than the 4.6-billion-year-old Sun. Galaxies like ours typically undergo a stellar baby boom, still churning out stars in enormous quantities. If only the question could be answered here! When I tried to dive more deeply, I found there is no way to know it at all. The attempt to find out the sheer number of the collections of galaxies that populate the universe beyond the Milky Way gave me a legion of goose bumps — counting them in any imaginable human ways with however advanced technologies is simply impossible. 200 billion is still a figure astronomers underestimated 10 times more at least and who knows how further it can go!I am totally a layman, and really, I need to take a breath. My head spins. No need to throw myself into the gigantically immense darkness of the outer space to find my origin. The answer, probably lies somewhere within. Anyhow, I am waiting for a revelation.Here it is.I have read it a coupe of times without thinking whatsoever. Many a time, if I do not pay attention, I end up knowing nothing about anything. My eyes were blind, and my heart was darkened. When the word “beginning” once again flickered my eyes, the whole world lit up! The then making-no-sense words suddenly came to life! It says in black and white: IN THE BEGINNING, GOD CREATED THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH. That IS it! For all the time I spent on searching for answers, even when I read this verse I could not see. The very beginning of everything, that is, before the heavens and earth, the oceans and creatures, the plants and birds, the man and the woman. That is categorically everything before time and space. God was there. In the very beginning. In the very beginning. Without eyes, I could not see. Without God, I could not be. Without faith, there is no beginning. In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.–Genesis 1:1 20. What can be inferred from the text
答案: The author is a Christian.
第一、二周 2.4 第二单元阅读理解
1、 1. Birth of JesusThis is how the birth of Jesus Christ took place. When Mary his mother was engaged to Joseph, before they were married, she became pregnant by the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was a righteous man. Because he didn’t want to humiliate her, he decided to call off their engagement quietly. As he was thinking about this, an angel from the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph son of David, don’t be afraid to take Mary as your wife, because the child she carries was conceived by the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you will call him Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.” Now all of this took place so that what the Lord had spoken through the prophet would be fulfilled:Look! A virgin will become pregnant and give birth to a son, And they will call him, Emmanuel.(Emmanuel means “God with us.”)When Joseph woke up, he did just as an angel from God commanded and took Mary as his wife. But he didn’t have sexual relations with her until she gave birth to a son. Joseph called him Jesus.They had to travel to the city of Bethlehem to register for a census ordered by the Roman emperor, Caesar Augustus. Both Nazareth and Bethlehem are in the country now called Israel. It is about 65 miles (105 km) from Nazareth to Bethlehem, and the trip probably took them several days.When Joseph and Mary got to Bethlehem, there was no place for them to stay because the inn was already full. They ended up spending the night in a stable, a place where animals were kept. There was probably fresh hay on the floor that they used for beds.That night, Jesus was born. There was no crib, so they laid baby Jesus in a manger, a feeding trough for animals. The manger probably had fresh hay in it and made a nice bed for the baby.1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ？
答案: Joseph and Mary laid baby Jesus in a manger for there was no crib
2、 1. Birth of JesusThis is how the birth of Jesus Christ took place. When Mary his mother was engaged to Joseph, before they were married, she became pregnant by the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was a righteous man. Because he didn’t want to humiliate her, he decided to call off their engagement quietly. As he was thinking about this, an angel from the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph son of David, don’t be afraid to take Mary as your wife, because the child she carries was conceived by the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you will call him Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.” Now all of this took place so that what the Lord had spoken through the prophet would be fulfilled:Look! A virgin will become pregnant and give birth to a son, And they will call him, Emmanuel.(Emmanuel means “God with us.”)When Joseph woke up, he did just as an angel from God commanded and took Mary as his wife. But he didn’t have sexual relations with her until she gave birth to a son. Joseph called him Jesus.They had to travel to the city of Bethlehem to register for a census ordered by the Roman emperor, Caesar Augustus. Both Nazareth and Bethlehem are in the country now called Israel. It is about 65 miles (105 km) from Nazareth to Bethlehem, and the trip probably took them several days.When Joseph and Mary got to Bethlehem, there was no place for them to stay because the inn was already full. They ended up spending the night in a stable, a place where animals were kept. There was probably fresh hay on the floor that they used for beds.That night, Jesus was born. There was no crib, so they laid baby Jesus in a manger, a feeding trough for animals. The manger probably had fresh hay in it and made a nice bed for the baby.2. What do you think the underlined word is in the passage
答案: A kind of furniture
3、 2. Gifts of the magiAfter Jesus was born in Bethlehem in the territory of Judea during the rule of King Herod, magi came from the east to Jerusalem. They asked, “Where is the newborn king of the Jews We’ve seen his star in the east, and we’ve come to honor him.”When King Herod heard this, he was troubled, and everyone in Jerusalem was troubled with him. He gathered all the chief priests and the legal experts and asked them where the Christ was to be born. They said, “In Bethlehem of Judea, for this is what the prophet wrote:You, Bethlehem, land of Judah, by no means are you least among the rulers of Judah, because from you will come one who governs, who will shepherd my people Israel.”Then Herod secretly called for the magi and found out from them the time when the star had first appeared. He sent them to Bethlehem, saying, “Go and search carefully for the child. When you’ve found him, report to me so that I too may go and honor him.” When they heard the king, they went; and look, the star they had seen in the east went ahead of them until it stood over the place where the child was. When they saw the star, they were filled with joy. They entered the house and saw the child with Mary his mother. Falling to their knees, they honored him. Then they opened their treasure chests and presented him with gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Because they were warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they went back to their own country by another route.3. What can be inferred from the passage
答案: Everyone in Jerusalem was troubled with King Herod.
4、 2. Gifts of the magiAfter Jesus was born in Bethlehem in the territory of Judea during the rule of King Herod, magi came from the east to Jerusalem. They asked, “Where is the newborn king of the Jews We’ve seen his star in the east, and we’ve come to honor him.”When King Herod heard this, he was troubled, and everyone in Jerusalem was troubled with him. He gathered all the chief priests and the legal experts and asked them where the Christ was to be born. They said, “In Bethlehem of Judea, for this is what the prophet wrote:You, Bethlehem, land of Judah, by no means are you least among the rulers of Judah, because from you will come one who governs, who will shepherd my people Israel.”Then Herod secretly called for the magi and found out from them the time when the star had first appeared. He sent them to Bethlehem, saying, “Go and search carefully for the child. When you’ve found him, report to me so that I too may go and honor him.” When they heard the king, they went; and look, the star they had seen in the east went ahead of them until it stood over the place where the child was. When they saw the star, they were filled with joy. They entered the house and saw the child with Mary his mother. Falling to their knees, they honored him. Then they opened their treasure chests and presented him with gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. Because they were warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they went back to their own country by another route.4. Why did King Herod sent the magi to Bethlehem
答案: In order to find Jesus.
5、 3. Escape to EgyptWhen the magi had departed, an angel from the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, “Get up. Take the child and his mother and escape to Egypt. Stay there until I tell you, for Herod will soon search for the child in order to kill him.” Joseph got up and, during the night, took the child and his mother to Egypt. He stayed there until Herod died. This fulfilled what the Lord had spoken through the prophet: I have called my son out of Egypt.When Herod knew the magi had fooled him, he grew very angry. He sent soldiers to kill all the male children in Bethlehem and in all the surrounding territory who were two years old and younger, according to the time that he had learned from the magi. This fulfilled the word spoken through Jeremiah the prophet:A voice was heard in Ramah, weeping and much grieving. Rachel weeping for her children, and she did not want to be comforted, because they were no more.After King Herod died, an angel from the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt. “Get up,” the angel said, “and take the child and his mother and go to the land of Israel. Those who were trying to kill the child are dead.” Joseph got up, took the child and his mother, and went to the land of Israel. 5.What can be inferred from the passage
答案: Herod grew very angry when he knew the magi had fooled him
6、 3. Escape to EgyptWhen the magi had departed, an angel from the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and said, “Get up. Take the child and his mother and escape to Egypt. Stay there until I tell you, for Herod will soon search for the child in order to kill him.” Joseph got up and, during the night, took the child and his mother to Egypt. He stayed there until Herod died. This fulfilled what the Lord had spoken through the prophet: I have called my son out of Egypt.When Herod knew the magi had fooled him, he grew very angry. He sent soldiers to kill all the male children in Bethlehem and in all the surrounding territory who were two years old and younger, according to the time that he had learned from the magi. This fulfilled the word spoken through Jeremiah the prophet:A voice was heard in Ramah, weeping and much grieving. Rachel weeping for her children, and she did not want to be comforted, because they were no more.After King Herod died, an angel from the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt. “Get up,” the angel said, “and take the child and his mother and go to the land of Israel. Those who were trying to kill the child are dead.” Joseph got up, took the child and his mother, and went to the land of Israel. 6. What did Herod do after he knew the magi had fooled him
答案: He sent soldiers to kill all the male children in Bethlehem
7、 4. The Gift of the Magi by O Henry (Summary)The story begins with Della despairing over the meager amount of money she’s managed to save over the past few months by pinching pennies. She had been hoping to save enough to buy her husband Jim a worthy Christmas present. Della suddenly goes to gaze at her reflection in a window, letting her hair fall to its full length below her knee. Della’s brown hair and Jim’s gold watch that had been passed down from his grandfather are the couple’s most prized possessions.Della runs to a hair shop and sells her hair for twenty dollars. Then she uses the money to buy Jim a simple platinum watch chain. The chain is described as possessing “quietness and value,” like Jim.Della returns home to fix her hair into curls and make dinner. When Jim walks into the door, he freezes, staring at Della’s hair. Della tells him that she did it in order to buy a proper Christmas present for him. Jim snaps out of his shock, hugs Della, and throws a package on the table. He explains that no haircut could make him love her any less, but that he was surprised because of the present that he bought for her. Della opens the package to find expensive tortoiseshell combs for her long hair. She’s ecstatic for a moment before she begins crying, and Jim has to comfort her.Suddenly, Della remembers her present to Jim, and asks to see Jim’s watch so that she could put the new chain on it. Jim sits back on the couch and smiles, then admits that he sold his watch in order to buy the combs.The narrator wraps up the story by describing the magi who invented the art of giving Christmas presents. He compares Della and Jim to these wise men, and concludes that of all those who give gifts, these two are the wisest.7. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage ？
答案: Della runs to a hair shop to ask for advice.
8、 4. The Gift of the Magi by O Henry (Summary)The story begins with Della despairing over the meager amount of money she’s managed to save over the past few months by pinching pennies. She had been hoping to save enough to buy her husband Jim a worthy Christmas present. Della suddenly goes to gaze at her reflection in a window, letting her hair fall to its full length below her knee. Della’s brown hair and Jim’s gold watch that had been passed down from his grandfather are the couple’s most prized possessions.Della runs to a hair shop and sells her hair for twenty dollars. Then she uses the money to buy Jim a simple platinum watch chain. The chain is described as possessing “quietness and value,” like Jim.Della returns home to fix her hair into curls and make dinner. When Jim walks into the door, he freezes, staring at Della’s hair. Della tells him that she did it in order to buy a proper Christmas present for him. Jim snaps out of his shock, hugs Della, and throws a package on the table. He explains that no haircut could make him love her any less, but that he was surprised because of the present that he bought for her. Della opens the package to find expensive tortoiseshell combs for her long hair. She’s ecstatic for a moment before she begins crying, and Jim has to comfort her.Suddenly, Della remembers her present to Jim, and asks to see Jim’s watch so that she could put the new chain on it. Jim sits back on the couch and smiles, then admits that he sold his watch in order to buy the combs.The narrator wraps up the story by describing the magi who invented the art of giving Christmas presents. He compares Della and Jim to these wise men, and concludes that of all those who give gifts, these two are the wisest.8. What do you think of Della and Jim
答案: They love each other so much
9、 5. A rich man and his stewardJesus told his disciples: “There was a rich man whose steward was accused of wasting his possessions. So he called him in and asked him, ‘What is this I hear about you Give an account of your management, because you cannot be steward any longer.’ “The steward said to himself, ‘What shall I do now My master is taking away my job. I’m not strong enough to dig, and I’m ashamed to beg—I know what I’ll do so that, when I lose my job here, people will welcome me into their houses.’ “So he called in each one of his master’s debtors. He asked the first, ‘How much do you owe my master’ “‘Nine hundred gallons of olive oil,’ he replied. “The steward told him, ‘Take your bill, sit down quickly, and make it four hundred and fifty.’ “Then he asked the second, ‘And how much do you owe’ “‘A thousand bushels of wheat,’ he replied. “He told him, ‘Take your bill and make it eight hundred.’ “The master commended the dishonest steward because he had acted shrewdly. For the people of this world are more shrewd in dealing with their own kind than are the people of the light. I tell you, use worldly wealth to gain friends for yourselves, so that when it is gone, you will be welcomed into eternal dwellings. “Whoever can be trusted with very little can also be trusted with much, and whoever is dishonest with very little will also be dishonest with much. So if you have not been trustworthy in handling worldly wealth, who will trust you with true riches And if you have not been trustworthy with someone else’s property, who will give you property of your own9. What can be inferred from the passage
答案: The rich man’s steward was accused of wasting his possessions.
10、 5. A rich man and his stewardJesus told his disciples: “There was a rich man whose steward was accused of wasting his possessions. So he called him in and asked him, ‘What is this I hear about you Give an account of your management, because you cannot be steward any longer.’ “The steward said to himself, ‘What shall I do now My master is taking away my job. I’m not strong enough to dig, and I’m ashamed to beg—I know what I’ll do so that, when I lose my job here, people will welcome me into their houses.’ “So he called in each one of his master’s debtors. He asked the first, ‘How much do you owe my master’ “‘Nine hundred gallons of olive oil,’ he replied. “The steward told him, ‘Take your bill, sit down quickly, and make it four hundred and fifty.’ “Then he asked the second, ‘And how much do you owe’ “‘A thousand bushels of wheat,’ he replied. “He told him, ‘Take your bill and make it eight hundred.’ “The master commended the dishonest steward because he had acted shrewdly. For the people of this world are more shrewd in dealing with their own kind than are the people of the light. I tell you, use worldly wealth to gain friends for yourselves, so that when it is gone, you will be welcomed into eternal dwellings. “Whoever can be trusted with very little can also be trusted with much, and whoever is dishonest with very little will also be dishonest with much. So if you have not been trustworthy in handling worldly wealth, who will trust you with true riches And if you have not been trustworthy with someone else’s property, who will give you property of your own10. What is the main idea of the passage？
答案: Honesty is an important value
11、 6. Jesus’ LifeAlthough born in Bethlehem, according to Matthew and Luke, Jesus was a Galilean（加利利人） from Nazareth, a village near Sepphoris, one of the two major cities of Galilee. He was born to Joseph and Mary sometime between 6 BC and shortly before the death of Herod the Great in 4 BC. According to Matthew and Luke, however, Joseph was only legally his father. They report that Mary was a virgin when Jesus was conceived and that she “was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit” . Joseph is said to have been a carpenter—that is, a craftsman who worked with his hands—and Jesus also became a carpenter.The Bible states that Jesus as a child was precociously（超前地） learned, but there is no other evidence of his childhood or early life. As a young adult, he went to be baptized（洗礼） by the prophet John the Baptist and shortly thereafter became an itinerant（巡回的） preacher （传道者）and healer. In his mid-30s Jesus had a short public career, lasting perhaps less than one year, during which he attracted considerable attention. Sometime between AD 29 and 33—possibly AD 30—he went to observe Passover（逾越节） in Jerusalem, where his entrance, according to the Gospels, was triumphant and infused with eschatological significance. There he was arrested, tried, and executed. Jesus Christ lived on earth about thirty-three years, and led a most holy life in poverty and suffering. After his death, his disciples became convinced that he still lived and had appeared to them. They converted others to belief in him, which eventually led to a new religion, Christianity.When Jesus lived on earth, he performed many miracles. The gospels describe such miracles: healing the sick, casting out the demons of mental illness from the tormented, and even bringing the dead back to life. Here are some miracles recorded in the Bible.1. Water into WineThe first miracle that Jesus did was at a wedding feast in the town of Cana in Galilee. Jesus’ mother, Mary, told Jesus that the wedding host was out of wine. Jesus told the servants to fill the water pots with water and then when they dipped it out, there was wine in the jars. Jesus had turned the water into wine. 2. Calming the StormJesus and his disciples were out on the lake when a storm suddenly came up. Jesus was asleep in the boat and his friends were afraid. They woke him. He got up and told the storm to stop and it was completely calm; the wind stopped blowing and the water was still. His disciples were amazed! “Even the winds and the waves obey Him,” they said. 3. HealingsThere was a man in Jerusalem who had been blind from birth. Jesus put clay on the blind man’s eyes and told him to go wash in the pool of Siloam. When he washed the clay off, he could see. (John 9:1-41)Once in Jerusalem, a blind beggar named Bartimaeus asked Jesus for mercy and healing. Jesus told him that his faith had cured him and the man praised God for his sight. (Mark 10:46-52)Christians believe that through his crucifixion(受难；被钉十字架) and subsequent resurrection, God offered humans salvation and eternal life.11. Which one is TRUE according to this passage
答案: Jesus healed many people with kinds of diseases.
12、 6. Jesus’ LifeAlthough born in Bethlehem, according to Matthew and Luke, Jesus was a Galilean（加利利人） from Nazareth, a village near Sepphoris, one of the two major cities of Galilee. He was born to Joseph and Mary sometime between 6 BC and shortly before the death of Herod the Great in 4 BC. According to Matthew and Luke, however, Joseph was only legally his father. They report that Mary was a virgin when Jesus was conceived and that she “was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit” . Joseph is said to have been a carpenter—that is, a craftsman who worked with his hands—and Jesus also became a carpenter.The Bible states that Jesus as a child was precociously（超前地） learned, but there is no other evidence of his childhood or early life. As a young adult, he went to be baptized（洗礼） by the prophet John the Baptist and shortly thereafter became an itinerant（巡回的） preacher （传道者）and healer. In his mid-30s Jesus had a short public career, lasting perhaps less than one year, during which he attracted considerable attention. Sometime between AD 29 and 33—possibly AD 30—he went to observe Passover（逾越节） in Jerusalem, where his entrance, according to the Gospels, was triumphant and infused with eschatological significance. There he was arrested, tried, and executed. Jesus Christ lived on earth about thirty-three years, and led a most holy life in poverty and suffering. After his death, his disciples became convinced that he still lived and had appeared to them. They converted others to belief in him, which eventually led to a new religion, Christianity.When Jesus lived on earth, he performed many miracles. The gospels describe such miracles: healing the sick, casting out the demons of mental illness from the tormented, and even bringing the dead back to life. Here are some miracles recorded in the Bible.1. Water into WineThe first miracle that Jesus did was at a wedding feast in the town of Cana in Galilee. Jesus’ mother, Mary, told Jesus that the wedding host was out of wine. Jesus told the servants to fill the water pots with water and then when they dipped it out, there was wine in the jars. Jesus had turned the water into wine. 2. Calming the StormJesus and his disciples were out on the lake when a storm suddenly came up. Jesus was asleep in the boat and his friends were afraid. They woke him. He got up and told the storm to stop and it was completely calm; the wind stopped blowing and the water was still. His disciples were amazed! “Even the winds and the waves obey Him,” they said. 3. HealingsThere was a man in Jerusalem who had been blind from birth. Jesus put clay on the blind man’s eyes and told him to go wash in the pool of Siloam. When he washed the clay off, he could see. (John 9:1-41)Once in Jerusalem, a blind beggar named Bartimaeus asked Jesus for mercy and healing. Jesus told him that his faith had cured him and the man praised God for his sight. (Mark 10:46-52)Christians believe that through his crucifixion(受难；被钉十字架) and subsequent resurrection, God offered humans salvation and eternal life.12. The underlined word “resurrection” in the last paragraph means_.
答案: Revival.
13、 7. The Ten CommandmentsThe Ten Commandments（十诫）are a set of rules or laws, God gave to the people of Israel. The commandments exist in different versions. One version can be found in the Book of Exodus(《出埃及记》) of the Bible. The rules were written on stone tablets（牌，匾，碑）. These rules are important for Judaism（犹太教）and Christianity and for all societies based on their principles.Sometimes these rules are also called Decalogue（摩西十诫） (from Greek, can be translated as ten statements). The Israelites（以色列人） received the commandments after they had left Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh Thutmose. There are different texts talking about the commandments.The Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:2-17 ESV)1. “You shall have no other gods before me.”2. “You shall not make yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the Lord your God are only worthy of worship, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.”3. “You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.4. “Remember the Sabbath day（安息日）, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, or your servant, or your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.”5. “Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.”6. “You shall not murder.”7. “You shall not commit adultery.”8. “You shall not steal.”9. “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.”10. “You shall not covet（贪求，觊觎） your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor’s.”Short Summary of the Ten Commandments:1. Do not have any other gods before God2. Do not make yourself an idol（偶像）3. Do not take the Lord’s name in vain4. Remember the Sabbath Day and keep it holy5. Honor your Father and Mother6. Do not murder7. Do not commit adultery（通奸）8. Do not steal9. Do not testify or bear false witness against your neighbor10. Do not covetGod gave Moses the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai to serve as principles of moral behavior for the human race. The Ten Commandments of God are the foundation of the moral code and legal system of justice for Western Christian civilization（文明）.13. Which one is NOT TRUE according to the Ten Commandments in this passage
答案: The Sabbath Day is on Saturday.
14、 7. The Ten CommandmentsThe Ten Commandments（十诫）are a set of rules or laws, God gave to the people of Israel. The commandments exist in different versions. One version can be found in the Book of Exodus(《出埃及记》) of the Bible. The rules were written on stone tablets（牌，匾，碑）. These rules are important for Judaism（犹太教）and Christianity and for all societies based on their principles.Sometimes these rules are also called Decalogue（摩西十诫） (from Greek, can be translated as ten statements). The Israelites（以色列人） received the commandments after they had left Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh Thutmose. There are different texts talking about the commandments.The Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:2-17 ESV)1. “You shall have no other gods before me.”2. “You shall not make yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the Lord your God are only worthy of worship, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.”3. “You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.4. “Remember the Sabbath day（安息日）, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, or your servant, or your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates. For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.”5. “Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.”6. “You shall not murder.”7. “You shall not commit adultery.”8. “You shall not steal.”9. “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.”10. “You shall not covet（贪求，觊觎） your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor’s.”Short Summary of the Ten Commandments:1. Do not have any other gods before God2. Do not make yourself an idol（偶像）3. Do not take the Lord’s name in vain4. Remember the Sabbath Day and keep it holy5. Honor your Father and Mother6. Do not murder7. Do not commit adultery（通奸）8. Do not steal9. Do not testify or bear false witness against your neighbor10. Do not covetGod gave Moses the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai to serve as principles of moral behavior for the human race. The Ten Commandments of God are the foundation of the moral code and legal system of justice for Western Christian civilization（文明）.14. Which one of the following is TRUE according to this passage
答案: People should treat their parents well.
15、 8. Gift giving at ChristmasChristmas or Christmas Day (Old English: Crīstesmsse, meaning “Christ’s Mass”) is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed most commonly on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is prepared for by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an Octave. Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world’s nations, is celebrated culturally by a large number of non-Christian people, and is an integral part of the holiday season, while some Christian groups reject the celebration. In several countries, celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25, with gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family.Gift giving is a commonly practised tradition during Christmas. It is believed that giving gifts at Christmas is done to remember the Wise Men who presented gifts to the baby Jesus.The story of the Wise Men is found in Matthew 2 in the Bible. Jesus was born in Israel, and wise men from the east saw a star in the sky. They knew the star was pointing to Jesus, king of the Jews. They wanted to worship Jesus, so they followed the star to Bethlehem, where Jesus lived as a baby. As a way to worship him, they offered him their gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh.Some people think Christmas itself is really about a big present that God gave the world about 2000 years ago – Jesus! One of the most famous Bible verses, John 3:16, says: “God loved the world so much, that he gave his one and only Son, so that whoever believes in him may not be lost but have eternal life.”It is most common for family members to give gifts to each other at Christmas. Parents give gifts to their children. Children usually give a small gift to their parents. Siblings give gifts to each other. Grandparents give gifts to their grandchildren. It is also common for friends to give gifts to each other. Many companies also give gifts to their employees at Christmas.Children, of course, love to receive toys as gifts. Most adults who receive gifts want something practical, something that they can use. Gifts can be bought at stores or online. Sometimes, the most meaningful gift is one that is homemade: a craft, a decoration, or food.All over the world, families and friends give presents to each other. Most children around the world believe in a Christmas gift bringer. It’s often St. Nicholas, Santa Claus or Father Christmas, but in parts of Germany they believe that it is the Christkind, in Spain they believe it is the Wise Men and in parts of Italy they believe it is an old lady called Befana.15. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
答案: The Wise Men presented their gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh to the baby Jesus.
16、 8. Gift giving at ChristmasChristmas or Christmas Day (Old English: Crīstesmsse, meaning “Christ’s Mass”) is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed most commonly on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is prepared for by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an Octave. Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world’s nations, is celebrated culturally by a large number of non-Christian people, and is an integral part of the holiday season, while some Christian groups reject the celebration. In several countries, celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25, with gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family.Gift giving is a commonly practised tradition during Christmas. It is believed that giving gifts at Christmas is done to remember the Wise Men who presented gifts to the baby Jesus.The story of the Wise Men is found in Matthew 2 in the Bible. Jesus was born in Israel, and wise men from the east saw a star in the sky. They knew the star was pointing to Jesus, king of the Jews. They wanted to worship Jesus, so they followed the star to Bethlehem, where Jesus lived as a baby. As a way to worship him, they offered him their gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh.Some people think Christmas itself is really about a big present that God gave the world about 2000 years ago – Jesus! One of the most famous Bible verses, John 3:16, says: “God loved the world so much, that he gave his one and only Son, so that whoever believes in him may not be lost but have eternal life.”It is most common for family members to give gifts to each other at Christmas. Parents give gifts to their children. Children usually give a small gift to their parents. Siblings give gifts to each other. Grandparents give gifts to their grandchildren. It is also common for friends to give gifts to each other. Many companies also give gifts to their employees at Christmas.Children, of course, love to receive toys as gifts. Most adults who receive gifts want something practical, something that they can use. Gifts can be bought at stores or online. Sometimes, the most meaningful gift is one that is homemade: a craft, a decoration, or food.All over the world, families and friends give presents to each other. Most children around the world believe in a Christmas gift bringer. It’s often St. Nicholas, Santa Claus or Father Christmas, but in parts of Germany they believe that it is the Christkind, in Spain they believe it is the Wise Men and in parts of Italy they believe it is an old lady called Befana.16. Which of the following is NOT thought to be a Christmas gift bringer
答案: Jesus.
17、 9. The Colors of Christmas There are several colors which are traditionally associated with Christmas, such as green, red and gold. But why do people have them and what do the colors representMost the colors and their meanings come from the western/northern European traditions and customs, when Christmas is in the middle of winter and it’s dark and cold.1）GreenEvergreen plants, like Holly, Ivy and Mistletoe have been used for thousands of years to decorate and brighten up buildings during the long dark winter. They also reminded people that spring would come and that winter wouldn’t last forever!The Romans would exchange evergreen branches during January as a sign of good luck. The ancient Egyptians used to bring palm branches into their houses during the mid winter festivals.In many parts of Europe during the middle ages, Paradise plays were performed, often on Christmas Eve. They told Bible stories to people who couldn’t read. The “Paradise Tree” in the garden of Eden in the play was normally a pine tree with red apples tied to it.Now the most common use of green at Christmas are Christmas Trees.2）RedAs mentioned above, an early use of red at Christmas were the apples on the paradise tree. They represented the fall of Adam in the plays. Red is also the color of Holly berries, which is said to represent the blood of Jesus when he died on the cross. And red is the color of Bishops robes. These would have been worn by St. Nicholas and then also became Santa’s uniform!3）GoldGold is the color of the Sun and light – both very important in the dark winter. And both red and gold are the colors of fire that you need to keep you warm. Gold was also one of the presents brought to the baby Jesus by one of the wise men and traditionally it’s the color used to show the star that the wise men followed. Silver is sometimes used instead of (or with) gold. But gold is a “warmer” color.4）WhiteWhite is often associated with purity and peace in western cultures. The snow of winter is also very white! White paper wafers were also sometimes used to decorate paradise trees. The wafers represented the bread eaten during Christian Communion or Mass, when Christians remember that Jesus died for them. White is used by most churches as the color of Christmas, when the altar is covered with a white cloth (in the Russian Orthodox Church Gold is used for Christmas).5）BlueThe color blue is often associated with Mary, the mother of Jesus. In medieval times blue dye and paint was more expensive than gold! So it would only be worn by Royal families and very rich people. Mary was often painted wearing blue to show she was very important. Blue can also represent the color of the sky and heaven.17. Which one of the following is TRUE according to the passage
答案: Red is the color of Santa’s uniform.
18、 9. The Colors of Christmas There are several colors which are traditionally associated with Christmas, such as green, red and gold. But why do people have them and what do the colors representMost the colors and their meanings come from the western/northern European traditions and customs, when Christmas is in the middle of winter and it’s dark and cold.1）GreenEvergreen plants, like Holly, Ivy and Mistletoe have been used for thousands of years to decorate and brighten up buildings during the long dark winter. They also reminded people that spring would come and that winter wouldn’t last forever!The Romans would exchange evergreen branches during January as a sign of good luck. The ancient Egyptians used to bring palm branches into their houses during the mid winter festivals.In many parts of Europe during the middle ages, Paradise plays were performed, often on Christmas Eve. They told Bible stories to people who couldn’t read. The “Paradise Tree” in the garden of Eden in the play was normally a pine tree with red apples tied to it.Now the most common use of green at Christmas are Christmas Trees.2）RedAs mentioned above, an early use of red at Christmas were the apples on the paradise tree. They represented the fall of Adam in the plays. Red is also the color of Holly berries, which is said to represent the blood of Jesus when he died on the cross. And red is the color of Bishops robes. These would have been worn by St. Nicholas and then also became Santa’s uniform!3）GoldGold is the color of the Sun and light – both very important in the dark winter. And both red and gold are the colors of fire that you need to keep you warm. Gold was also one of the presents brought to the baby Jesus by one of the wise men and traditionally it’s the color used to show the star that the wise men followed. Silver is sometimes used instead of (or with) gold. But gold is a “warmer” color.4）WhiteWhite is often associated with purity and peace in western cultures. The snow of winter is also very white! White paper wafers were also sometimes used to decorate paradise trees. The wafers represented the bread eaten during Christian Communion or Mass, when Christians remember that Jesus died for them. White is used by most churches as the color of Christmas, when the altar is covered with a white cloth (in the Russian Orthodox Church Gold is used for Christmas).5）BlueThe color blue is often associated with Mary, the mother of Jesus. In medieval times blue dye and paint was more expensive than gold! So it would only be worn by Royal families and very rich people. Mary was often painted wearing blue to show she was very important. Blue can also represent the color of the sky and heaven.18. Which one of the following colors is used to represent the star according to the passage
答案: Gold.
19、 10. The Man Behind the Story of Father Christmas/Santa ClausSt. Nicholas was a Bishop who lived in the fourth century in a place called Myra in Asia Minor (now called Turkey). He was a very rich man because his parents died when he was young and left him a lot of money. He was also a very kind man and had a reputation for helping the poor and giving secret gifts to people who needed it. There are several legends about St. Nicholas, although we don’t know if any of them are true!The most famous story about St. Nicholas tells how the custom of hanging up stockings to put presents started! It goes like this:There was a poor man who had three daughters. The man was so poor that he did not have enough money for a dowry, so his daughters couldn’t get married. (A dowry is a sum of money paid to the bridegroom by the bride’s parents on the wedding day. This still happens in some countries, even today.) One night, Nicholas secretly dropped a bag of gold down the chimney and into the house (This meant that the oldest daughter was then able to be married.). The bag fell into a stocking that had been hung by the fire to dry! This was repeated later with the second daughter. Finally, determined to discover the person who had given him the money, the father secretly hid by the fire every evening until he caught Nicholas dropping in a bag of gold. Nicholas begged the man to not tell anyone what he had done, because he did not want to bring attention to himself. But soon the news got out and when anyone received a secret gift, it was thought that maybe it was from Nicholas.Because of his kindness Nicholas was made a Saint. St. Nicholas is not only the saint of children but also of sailors! One story tells of him helping some sailors that were caught in a dreadful storm off the coast of Turkey. The storm was raging around them and all the men were terrified that their ship would sink beneath the giant waves. They prayed to St. Nicholas to help them. Suddenly, he was standing on the deck before them. He ordered the sea to be calm, the storm died away, and they were able to sail their ship safely to the port.St. Nicholas was exiled from Myra and later put in prison during the persecution by the Emperor Diocletian. No one really knows when he died, but it was on 6th December in either 345 or 352. In 1087, his bones were stolen from Turkey by some Italian merchant sailors. The bones are now kept in the Church named after him in the Italian port of Bari. On St. Nicholas feast day (6th December), the sailors of Bari still carry his statue from the Cathedral out to the sea, so that he can bless the waters and so give them safe voyages throughout the year.19. Which one of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
答案: St. Nicholas was a generous God.
20、 10. The Man Behind the Story of Father Christmas/Santa ClausSt. Nicholas was a Bishop who lived in the fourth century in a place called Myra in Asia Minor (now called Turkey). He was a very rich man because his parents died when he was young and left him a lot of money. He was also a very kind man and had a reputation for helping the poor and giving secret gifts to people who needed it. There are several legends about St. Nicholas, although we don’t know if any of them are true!The most famous story about St. Nicholas tells how the custom of hanging up stockings to put presents started! It goes like this:There was a poor man who had three daughters. The man was so poor that he did not have enough money for a dowry, so his daughters couldn’t get married. (A dowry is a sum of money paid to the bridegroom by the bride’s parents on the wedding day. This still happens in some countries, even today.) One night, Nicholas secretly dropped a bag of gold down the chimney and into the house (This meant that the oldest daughter was then able to be married.). The bag fell into a stocking that had been hung by the fire to dry! This was repeated later with the second daughter. Finally, determined to discover the person who had given him the money, the father secretly hid by the fire every evening until he caught Nicholas dropping in a bag of gold. Nicholas begged the man to not tell anyone what he had done, because he did not want to bring attention to himself. But soon the news got out and when anyone received a secret gift, it was thought that maybe it was from Nicholas.Because of his kindness Nicholas was made a Saint. St. Nicholas is not only the saint of children but also of sailors! One story tells of him helping some sailors that were caught in a dreadful storm off the coast of Turkey. The storm was raging around them and all the men were terrified that their ship would sink beneath the giant waves. They prayed to St. Nicholas to help them. Suddenly, he was standing on the deck before them. He ordered the sea to be calm, the storm died away, and they were able to sail their ship safely to the port.St. Nicholas was exiled from Myra and later put in prison during the persecution by the Emperor Diocletian. No one really knows when he died, but it was on 6th December in either 345 or 352. In 1087, his bones were stolen from Turkey by some Italian merchant sailors. The bones are now kept in the Church named after him in the Italian port of Bari. On St. Nicholas feast day (6th December), the sailors of Bari still carry his statue from the Cathedral out to the sea, so that he can bless the waters and so give them safe voyages throughout the year.20. The first story in this passage tells us about the origin of__.
答案: Hanging up stockings on Christmas Eve.
第一、二周 2.3 第二单元词汇测试
1、 It is obvious that he is trying stalling us.
答案: evident
2、 Some botanists are interested in the study of submarine plant life.
答案: undersea
3、 This part of the sea is rich in marine products.
答案: aquatic
4、 A new government department was established to control maritime traffic.
答案: sea
5、 Our urban problem are the same as yours: crime, overcrowding and poverty.
答案: city
6、 The spleen is a small organ located beneath the left side of the rib cage.
答案: found
7、 Ann was humiliated by her friend’s remarks.
答案: embarrassed
8、 He is very humble in the company of his superiors.
答案: lowly
9、 He fell from his horse and dislocated his collar bone.
答案: twisted
10、 Whatever we do, we can’t deviate from the truth.
答案: depart
11、 I regret that a previous engagement prevents me from accepting your kind invitation.
答案: last
12、 The supply ships sailed under convoy.
答案: protection
13、 Scientists only knew that it was collocated on certain principles.
答案: arranged
14、 ______ is science of the properties and relations of lines, angles, surfaces and solids.
答案: Geometry
15、 Much territory in Africa is desert.
答案: area
16、 A polite person endeavours to please others.
答案: civil
17、 The doctor asked the nurse to insulate the serious patient from others.
答案: separate
18、 He is stupid. He even don’t know Tokyo is the metropolis of Japan.
答案: capital
19、 His instruction will help us to obviate difficulties.
答案: get rid of
20、 Left from the home, the child was deviated from the right path.
答案: turned away
第三、四周 3.3 第三单元词汇测验
1、 The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is one of the earliest written records of England.
答案: annals
2、 Hitler and Mussolini were contemporaries.
答案: living in the same period
3、 The powers of the courts are defined by law.
答案: specified
4、 At one time the boundaries of science were thought to be infinite.
答案: boundless
5、 He confined his activities to educational circles.
答案: limited
6、 Never in the annals of crime has there been such a daring robbery.
答案: records
7、 The company issues an annual report every March.
答案: a yearly
8、 The chairman wanted to adjourn the meeting.
答案: dissolve
9、 The innovation of jet flight had made the world seem smaller.
答案: improvement
10、 The novelty of his surroundings soon wore off, and then he wanted to move again.
答案: strangeness
11、 His brother John is a very good archer.
答案: bowman
12、 Before the revolution, the country had been a monarchy for hundreds of years.
答案: state ruled by a king
13、 Natural adhesives are primarily of animal or vegetable origin.
答案: principally
14、 His prime concern in life was his health.
答案: primary
15、 The pioneers had to endure quite primitive living conditions.
答案: plain
16、 At the opening game of the baseball season in Washington D.C., the President, according to protocol, is invited to throw out the first ball.
答案: ceremony
17、 The movie star will not accept a minor role; she wants to play the protagonist.
答案: lead
18、 After his graduation, he worked as a journalist in France.
答案: newsman
19、 The car was made in 1800; it is now regarded as antique.
答案: old
20、 The old college buildings at Oxford cost much money to renovate.
答案: renew
第三、四周 3.4 第三单元阅读理解
1、 1. Judas betrays Jesus When Jesus finished speaking all these words, he said to his disciples, “You know that the Passover is two days from now. And the Human One will be handed over to be crucified.” Then the chief priests and elders of the people gathered in the courtyard of Caiaphas the high priest. They were plotting to arrest Jesus by cunning tricks and to kill him. But they agreed that it shouldn’t happen during the feast so there wouldn’t be an uproar among the people. When Jesus was at Bethany visiting the house of Simon, who had a skin disease, a woman came to him with a vase made of alabaster containing very expensive perfume. She poured it on Jesus’ head while he was sitting at dinner. Now when the disciples saw it they were angry. But Jesus knew what they were thinking. He said, “Why do you make trouble for the woman She’s done a good thing for me. You always have the poor with you, but you won’t always have me. By pouring this perfume over my body she’s prepared me to be buried. I tell you the truth that wherever in the whole world this good news is announced, what she’s done will also be told in memory of her.” Then one of the Twelve, who was called Judas Iscariot, went to the chief priests and said, “What will you give me if I turn Jesus over to you” They paid him thirty pieces of silver. From that time on he was looking for an opportunity to turn him in.1.What can be inferred from the passage
答案: The chief priests were plotting to arrest Jesus by cunning tricks and to kill him.
2、 1. Judas betrays Jesus When Jesus finished speaking all these words, he said to his disciples, “You know that the Passover is two days from now. And the Human One will be handed over to be crucified.” Then the chief priests and elders of the people gathered in the courtyard of Caiaphas the high priest. They were plotting to arrest Jesus by cunning tricks and to kill him. But they agreed that it shouldn’t happen during the feast so there wouldn’t be an uproar among the people. When Jesus was at Bethany visiting the house of Simon, who had a skin disease, a woman came to him with a vase made of alabaster containing very expensive perfume. She poured it on Jesus’ head while he was sitting at dinner. Now when the disciples saw it they were angry. But Jesus knew what they were thinking. He said, “Why do you make trouble for the woman She’s done a good thing for me. You always have the poor with you, but you won’t always have me. By pouring this perfume over my body she’s prepared me to be buried. I tell you the truth that wherever in the whole world this good news is announced, what she’s done will also be told in memory of her.” Then one of the Twelve, who was called Judas Iscariot, went to the chief priests and said, “What will you give me if I turn Jesus over to you” They paid him thirty pieces of silver. From that time on he was looking for an opportunity to turn him in.2. Which of the following is the best word to describe Judas
答案: Tricky.
3、 2. Last supper That evening he took his place at the table with the twelve disciples. As they were eating he said, “I assure you that one of you will betray me.” Deeply saddened, each one said to him, “I’m not the one, am I, Lord” He replied, “The one who will betray me is the one who dips his hand with me into this bowl. The Human One goes to his death just as it is written about him. But how terrible it is for that person who betrays the Human One! It would have been better for him if he had never been born.” Now Judas, who would betray him, replied, “It’s not me, is it, Rabbi” Jesus answered, “You said it.” While they were eating, Jesus took bread, blessed it, broke it, and gave it to the disciples and said, “Take and eat. This is my body.” He took a cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, “Drink from this, all of you. This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many so that their sins may be forgiven. I tell you, I won’t drink wine again until that day when I drink it in a new way with you in my Father’s kingdom.” Then, after singing songs of praise, they went to the Mount of Olives.3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
答案: Jesus assured that one of the twelve disciples would betray him.
4、 2. Last supper That evening he took his place at the table with the twelve disciples. As they were eating he said, “I assure you that one of you will betray me.” Deeply saddened, each one said to him, “I’m not the one, am I, Lord” He replied, “The one who will betray me is the one who dips his hand with me into this bowl. The Human One goes to his death just as it is written about him. But how terrible it is for that person who betrays the Human One! It would have been better for him if he had never been born.” Now Judas, who would betray him, replied, “It’s not me, is it, Rabbi” Jesus answered, “You said it.” While they were eating, Jesus took bread, blessed it, broke it, and gave it to the disciples and said, “Take and eat. This is my body.” He took a cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, “Drink from this, all of you. This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many so that their sins may be forgiven. I tell you, I won’t drink wine again until that day when I drink it in a new way with you in my Father’s kingdom.” Then, after singing songs of praise, they went to the Mount of Olives.4. The one who will betray Jesus was？
答案: The one who dips his hand with Jesus into a bowl.
5、 3. Arrest While Jesus was still speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, came. With him was a large crowd carrying swords and clubs. They had been sent by the chief priests and elders of the people. His betrayer had given them a sign: “Arrest the man I kiss.” Just then he came to Jesus and said, “Hello, Rabbi.” Then he kissed him. But Jesus said to him, “Friend, do what you came to do.” Then they came and grabbed Jesus and arrested him. One of those with Jesus reached for his sword. Striking the high priest’s slave, he cut off his ear. Then Jesus said to him, “Put the sword back into its place. All those who use the sword will die by the sword. Or do you think that I’m not able to ask my Father and he will send to me more than twelve battle groups of angels right away But if I did that, how would the scriptures be fulfilled that say this must happen” Then Jesus said to the crowds, “Have you come with swords and clubs to arrest me, like a thief Day after day, I sat in the temple teaching, but you didn’t arrest me. But all this has happened so that what the prophets said in the scriptures might be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left Jesus and ran away.5. What is the sign given by the betrayer
答案: Arrest the man I kiss.
6、 3. Arrest While Jesus was still speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, came. With him was a large crowd carrying swords and clubs. They had been sent by the chief priests and elders of the people. His betrayer had given them a sign: “Arrest the man I kiss.” Just then he came to Jesus and said, “Hello, Rabbi.” Then he kissed him. But Jesus said to him, “Friend, do what you came to do.” Then they came and grabbed Jesus and arrested him. One of those with Jesus reached for his sword. Striking the high priest’s slave, he cut off his ear. Then Jesus said to him, “Put the sword back into its place. All those who use the sword will die by the sword. Or do you think that I’m not able to ask my Father and he will send to me more than twelve battle groups of angels right away But if I did that, how would the scriptures be fulfilled that say this must happen” Then Jesus said to the crowds, “Have you come with swords and clubs to arrest me, like a thief Day after day, I sat in the temple teaching, but you didn’t arrest me. But all this has happened so that what the prophets said in the scriptures might be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples left Jesus and ran away.6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
答案: All the disciples left Jesus and ran away in the end.
7、 4. Judas’ death When Judas, who betrayed Jesus, saw that Jesus was condemned to die, he felt deep regret. He returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, and said, “I did wrong because I betrayed an innocent man.” But they said, “What is that to us That’s your problem.” Judas threw the silver pieces into the temple and left. Then he went and hanged himself. The chief priests picked up the silver pieces and said, “According to the Law it’s not right to put this money in the treasury. Since it was used to pay for someone’s life, it’s unclean.” So they decided to use it to buy the potter’s field where strangers could be buried. That’s why that field is called “Field of Blood” to this very day. This fulfilled the words of Jeremiah the prophet: And I took the thirty pieces of silver, the price for the one whose price had been set by some of the Israelites, and I gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord commanded me.7.Why is it not right to put the money in the treasury
答案: Because the money was used to pay for someone’s life.
8、 4. Judas’ death When Judas, who betrayed Jesus, saw that Jesus was condemned to die, he felt deep regret. He returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, and said, “I did wrong because I betrayed an innocent man.” But they said, “What is that to us That’s your problem.” Judas threw the silver pieces into the temple and left. Then he went and hanged himself. The chief priests picked up the silver pieces and said, “According to the Law it’s not right to put this money in the treasury. Since it was used to pay for someone’s life, it’s unclean.” So they decided to use it to buy the potter’s field where strangers could be buried. That’s why that field is called “Field of Blood” to this very day. This fulfilled the words of Jeremiah the prophet: And I took the thirty pieces of silver, the price for the one whose price had been set by some of the Israelites, and I gave them for the potter’s field, as the Lord commanded me.8.What can be inferred from the passage
答案: The money was used to buy the graveyard for those strangers.
9、 5. Crucifixion After they crucified him, they divided up his clothes among them by drawing lots. They sat there, guarding him. They placed above his head the charge against him. It read, “This is Jesus, the king of the Jews.” They crucified with him two outlaws, one on his right side and one on his left. From noon until three in the afternoon the whole earth was dark. At about three Jesus cried out with a loud shout, “Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani,” which means, “My God, my God, why have you left me” Again Jesus cried out with a loud shout. Then he died. Look, the curtain of the sanctuary was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth shook, the rocks split, and the bodies of many holy people who had died were raised. After Jesus’ resurrection they came out of their graves and went into the holy city where they appeared to many people. When the centurion and those with him who were guarding Jesus saw the earthquake and what had just happened, they were filled with awe and said, “This was certainly God’s Son.” After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary came to look at the tomb. Look, there was a great earthquake, for an angel from the Lord came down from heaven. Coming to the stone, he rolled it away and sat on it. Now his face was like lightning and his clothes as white as snow. The guards were so terrified of him that they shook with fear and became like dead men. But the angel said to the women, “Don’t be afraid. I know that you are looking for Jesus who was crucified. He isn’t here, because he’s been raised from the dead, just as he said. Come, see the place where they laid him. Now hurry, go and tell his disciples, ‘He’s been raised from the dead. He’s going on ahead of you to Galilee. You will see him there.’ I’ve given the message to you.” With great fear and excitement, they hurried away from the tomb and ran to tell his disciples. But Jesus met them and greeted them. They came and grabbed his feet and worshipped him. Then Jesus said to them, “Don’t be afraid. Go and tell my brothers that I am going into Galilee. They will see me there.”9.The underlined word in the passage can be replaced by
答案: Honored.
10、 5. Crucifixion After they crucified him, they divided up his clothes among them by drawing lots. They sat there, guarding him. They placed above his head the charge against him. It read, “This is Jesus, the king of the Jews.” They crucified with him two outlaws, one on his right side and one on his left. From noon until three in the afternoon the whole earth was dark. At about three Jesus cried out with a loud shout, “Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani,” which means, “My God, my God, why have you left me” Again Jesus cried out with a loud shout. Then he died. Look, the curtain of the sanctuary was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth shook, the rocks split, and the bodies of many holy people who had died were raised. After Jesus’ resurrection they came out of their graves and went into the holy city where they appeared to many people. When the centurion and those with him who were guarding Jesus saw the earthquake and what had just happened, they were filled with awe and said, “This was certainly God’s Son.” After the Sabbath, at dawn on the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary came to look at the tomb. Look, there was a great earthquake, for an angel from the Lord came down from heaven. Coming to the stone, he rolled it away and sat on it. Now his face was like lightning and his clothes as white as snow. The guards were so terrified of him that they shook with fear and became like dead men. But the angel said to the women, “Don’t be afraid. I know that you are looking for Jesus who was crucified. He isn’t here, because he’s been raised from the dead, just as he said. Come, see the place where they laid him. Now hurry, go and tell his disciples, ‘He’s been raised from the dead. He’s going on ahead of you to Galilee. You will see him there.’ I’ve given the message to you.” With great fear and excitement, they hurried away from the tomb and ran to tell his disciples. But Jesus met them and greeted them. They came and grabbed his feet and worshipped him. Then Jesus said to them, “Don’t be afraid. Go and tell my brothers that I am going into Galilee. They will see me there.”10. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
答案: The earthquake was considered as a prophecy.
11、 6. EasterIt’s Easter in the UK and the shops are full of Easter eggs, hot-cross buns and Easter bunnies.Easter is a holiday celebrated in early spring. The date of the festival is not fixed. It is celebrated on the first Sunday of a full moon day after March 21. It usually falls between March 21 and April 25. It started as a Christian holiday, created by the early Christians to celebrate the rebirth of Jesus from the dead. It is a religious holiday celebrated by Christians, but non-religious people often mark the day, too. Over time it became a holiday meant to celebrate spring and the rebirth of the earth after a long, cold winter. Symbols of Easter are eggs, rabbits, lambs, flowers, especially tulips and the religious symbols of the cross, and the virgin Mary. Children around the world have fun on Easter by painting eggs, hunting for chocolate eggs, making rabbit and flower crafts and enjoying a delicious lamb dinner.Although Easter is widely seen as a Christian festival which celebrates the resurrection of Jesus, its origins pre-date Christianity and many of its symbols come from the earliest civilizations.Our modern festival’s roots lie in ancient seasonal rituals which marked the transition from the “death” of winter to the new life and rebirth of spring.These days we give chocolate eggs as gifts at Easter but eggs have been symbols of fertility for thousands of years. The ancient Persians gave each other painted eggs for the festival of Nowrooz, a celebration held at the spring equinox which marked the start of Persian New Year. The tradition continues to this day.Centuries ago, the early Saxon people marked buns with a cross to honour their goddess Eostre, whose name some people believe to be the origin of the word Easter. It is believed that early Christians incorporated such pagan festivals into their religion. Some experts say the Easter bunny was originally a hare as this animal represented fertility and growth in pagan mythology due to its capacity for reproduction. Moreover, in some ancient cultures the hare was also a symbol of the moon, which is significant as the date of Easter changes each year depending on the lunar cycle. The Easter bunny has become an important symbol of Easter all over the world. But nowadays not everybody treats such symbols with respect. Pranksters in the Austrian town of Villach have stolen a giant Easter Bunny from the town square. Local police say it should not be too difficult to spot as it is two meters tall and weighs 60kg.11. Why is the bunny regarded as an important symbol of Easter according to the passage
答案: It is notable for its capacity of abundant production.
12、 6. EasterIt’s Easter in the UK and the shops are full of Easter eggs, hot-cross buns and Easter bunnies.Easter is a holiday celebrated in early spring. The date of the festival is not fixed. It is celebrated on the first Sunday of a full moon day after March 21. It usually falls between March 21 and April 25. It started as a Christian holiday, created by the early Christians to celebrate the rebirth of Jesus from the dead. It is a religious holiday celebrated by Christians, but non-religious people often mark the day, too. Over time it became a holiday meant to celebrate spring and the rebirth of the earth after a long, cold winter. Symbols of Easter are eggs, rabbits, lambs, flowers, especially tulips and the religious symbols of the cross, and the virgin Mary. Children around the world have fun on Easter by painting eggs, hunting for chocolate eggs, making rabbit and flower crafts and enjoying a delicious lamb dinner.Although Easter is widely seen as a Christian festival which celebrates the resurrection of Jesus, its origins pre-date Christianity and many of its symbols come from the earliest civilizations.Our modern festival’s roots lie in ancient seasonal rituals which marked the transition from the “death” of winter to the new life and rebirth of spring.These days we give chocolate eggs as gifts at Easter but eggs have been symbols of fertility for thousands of years. The ancient Persians gave each other painted eggs for the festival of Nowrooz, a celebration held at the spring equinox which marked the start of Persian New Year. The tradition continues to this day.Centuries ago, the early Saxon people marked buns with a cross to honour their goddess Eostre, whose name some people believe to be the origin of the word Easter. It is believed that early Christians incorporated such pagan festivals into their religion. Some experts say the Easter bunny was originally a hare as this animal represented fertility and growth in pagan mythology due to its capacity for reproduction. Moreover, in some ancient cultures the hare was also a symbol of the moon, which is significant as the date of Easter changes each year depending on the lunar cycle. The Easter bunny has become an important symbol of Easter all over the world. But nowadays not everybody treats such symbols with respect. Pranksters in the Austrian town of Villach have stolen a giant Easter Bunny from the town square. Local police say it should not be too difficult to spot as it is two meters tall and weighs 60kg.12. Which one of the following is TRUE according to the passage
答案: Some non-religious people also celebrate Easter.
13、 7. Good Friday1)Good Friday – What is itGood Friday is observed on the Friday that proceeds Easter Sunday (also called Resurrection Sunday). It is a day when people remember Jesus’ death on the cross. Many people, mostly Christians, celebrate this day by attending a Good Friday service where they read the biblical accounts of Jesus’ death on the cross. (Read Luke 19.)2)Good Friday – What Happened on Good FridayAlthough the term “Good Friday” is not mentioned in the Bible, we can study the events that took place on the day Jesus was crucified. After Jesus was arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane, He was taken through several trials before the chief priests, Pontius Pilate, and Herod (Luke 22:54–23:25). Three of the trials were by Jewish leaders and three by the Romans (John 18:12-14, Mark 14:53-65, Mark 15:1-5, Luke 23:6-12, Mark 15:6-15). These events led up to Good Friday. Pilate tried to compromise with the religious leaders by having Jesus beaten, but this act didn’t satisfy them, so Pilate handed Jesus over to be crucified (Mark 15:6-15). Jesus was mocked by the soldiers as they dressed Him in a purple robe and a crown of thorns (John 19:1-3). The sentence was written “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews.” Jesus, assisted by Simon of Cyrene, was then forced to carry His cross to the place of His death. It was at Golgotha that Jesus was crucified along with two criminals (John 19:17-22). Later in the day, the Bible tells us that Joseph of Arimathea asked Pilate for Jesus’ body and was granted permission. Joseph took the body, wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, and placed it in his own new tomb. He then rolled a big stone in front of the entrance.3)Good Friday – Was it FridayThe Bible does not tell us exactly the day of the week Jesus was crucified. Most scholars believe it was either Friday or Wednesday. There are others who compromise and say it was a Thursday.No matter what day Jesus was crucified, we know that He died and rose from the grave! Since the day is not explicitly mentioned in the Bible, we can assume that it is not all that important.4)Good Friday – Why is it “Good”Is good Friday really “good” It may seem odd that people celebrate the day Jesus’ was crucified as “good.” Obviously, the suffering Jesus went through on Good Friday was not good. He was whipped, beaten, mocked, and killed in a very violent way. How can that be good The results of Jesus’ death are very good! This is explained in Romans 5:8: “But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.” Then in 1 Peter 3:18, it is reiterated again: “For Christ died for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive by the Spirit.” 13. Why is the Friday “Good” according to the passage
答案: Because Jesus died for sins of human beings once for all.
14、 7. Good Friday1)Good Friday – What is itGood Friday is observed on the Friday that proceeds Easter Sunday (also called Resurrection Sunday). It is a day when people remember Jesus’ death on the cross. Many people, mostly Christians, celebrate this day by attending a Good Friday service where they read the biblical accounts of Jesus’ death on the cross. (Read Luke 19.)2)Good Friday – What Happened on Good FridayAlthough the term “Good Friday” is not mentioned in the Bible, we can study the events that took place on the day Jesus was crucified. After Jesus was arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane, He was taken through several trials before the chief priests, Pontius Pilate, and Herod (Luke 22:54–23:25). Three of the trials were by Jewish leaders and three by the Romans (John 18:12-14, Mark 14:53-65, Mark 15:1-5, Luke 23:6-12, Mark 15:6-15). These events led up to Good Friday. Pilate tried to compromise with the religious leaders by having Jesus beaten, but this act didn’t satisfy them, so Pilate handed Jesus over to be crucified (Mark 15:6-15). Jesus was mocked by the soldiers as they dressed Him in a purple robe and a crown of thorns (John 19:1-3). The sentence was written “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews.” Jesus, assisted by Simon of Cyrene, was then forced to carry His cross to the place of His death. It was at Golgotha that Jesus was crucified along with two criminals (John 19:17-22). Later in the day, the Bible tells us that Joseph of Arimathea asked Pilate for Jesus’ body and was granted permission. Joseph took the body, wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, and placed it in his own new tomb. He then rolled a big stone in front of the entrance.3)Good Friday – Was it FridayThe Bible does not tell us exactly the day of the week Jesus was crucified. Most scholars believe it was either Friday or Wednesday. There are others who compromise and say it was a Thursday.No matter what day Jesus was crucified, we know that He died and rose from the grave! Since the day is not explicitly mentioned in the Bible, we can assume that it is not all that important.4)Good Friday – Why is it “Good”Is good Friday really “good” It may seem odd that people celebrate the day Jesus’ was crucified as “good.” Obviously, the suffering Jesus went through on Good Friday was not good. He was whipped, beaten, mocked, and killed in a very violent way. How can that be good The results of Jesus’ death are very good! This is explained in Romans 5:8: “But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.” Then in 1 Peter 3:18, it is reiterated again: “For Christ died for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive by the Spirit.” 14. Which one of the following is TRUE according to the passage
答案: Jesus was killed because He was King of the Jews.
15、 8. The Last Supper –by Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was a true genius who graced this world with his presence from April 15, 1452 to May 2, 1519. He is among the most influential artists in history, having left a significant legacy not only in the realm of art but in science as well, each discipline informing his mastery of the other. Da Vinci lived in a golden age of creativity among such contemporaries as Raphael and Michaelangelo, and contributed his unique genius to virtually everything he touched. Like Athens in the age of Pericles, Renaissance Italy is a summit in human history. Today, no name better seems to symbolize Renaissance age than Leonardo da Vinci.In 1495, Leonardo da Vinci began what would become one of history’s most influential works of art – The Last Supper.The Last Supper is Leonardo’s visual interpretation of an event chronicled in all four of the Gospels (books in the Christian New Testament). The evening before Christ was betrayed by one of his disciples, he gathered them together to eat, tell them he knew what was coming and wash their feet (a gesture symbolizing that all were equal under the eyes of the Lord). As they ate and drank together, Christ gave the disciples explicit instructions on how to eat and drink in the future, in remembrance of him. It was the first celebration of the Eucharist, a ritual still performed. Specifically, The Last Supper depicts the next few seconds in this story after Christ dropped the bomb shell that one disciple would betray him before sunrise, and all twelve have reacted to the news with different degrees of horror, anger and shock. In The Last Supper, the way in which he isolated Christ at the epicenter of the scene and made each apostle a separate entity, yet at the same time united them all in the moment, is a stroke of genius that subsequent artists throughout history would strive to replicate. Nowadays, Leonardo’s Last Supper is located in its original place, on the wall of the dining room of the former Dominican convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, exactly in the refectory of the convent and is one of the most celebrated and well known artworks in the world. Leonardo da Vinci’s “Last Supper”, a huge painting of 4.60 meters high and 8.80 meters wide was made with tempera and oil on a gypsum preparation instead of the technique commonly used in the fresco period.Several measures have now been implemented to protect the paint from deterioration. To ensure that the fresco is maintained at room temperature, since the last restoration, visitor’s’ entry has been restricted to a group of 25 people every 15 minutes.Just like William Shakespeare on literature, and Sigmund Freud on psychology, Leonardo’s impact on art is tremendous. Throughout his life, Leonardo da Vinci avoided the intrigues of worldly ambitions and vanity. He was a reserved and withdrawn man, not concerned with glory, and yet absolutely sure of the value of his abilities. Along with a small band of contemporary Renaissance figures, Leonardo da Vinci become the center of a movement of artists that has permanently enriched western culture. 15. Which one of the following is TRUE according to the passage
答案: Visitors still have the chance to appreciate The Last Supper.
16、 8. The Last Supper –by Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was a true genius who graced this world with his presence from April 15, 1452 to May 2, 1519. He is among the most influential artists in history, having left a significant legacy not only in the realm of art but in science as well, each discipline informing his mastery of the other. Da Vinci lived in a golden age of creativity among such contemporaries as Raphael and Michaelangelo, and contributed his unique genius to virtually everything he touched. Like Athens in the age of Pericles, Renaissance Italy is a summit in human history. Today, no name better seems to symbolize Renaissance age than Leonardo da Vinci.In 1495, Leonardo da Vinci began what would become one of history’s most influential works of art – The Last Supper.The Last Supper is Leonardo’s visual interpretation of an event chronicled in all four of the Gospels (books in the Christian New Testament). The evening before Christ was betrayed by one of his disciples, he gathered them together to eat, tell them he knew what was coming and wash their feet (a gesture symbolizing that all were equal under the eyes of the Lord). As they ate and drank together, Christ gave the disciples explicit instructions on how to eat and drink in the future, in remembrance of him. It was the first celebration of the Eucharist, a ritual still performed. Specifically, The Last Supper depicts the next few seconds in this story after Christ dropped the bomb shell that one disciple would betray him before sunrise, and all twelve have reacted to the news with different degrees of horror, anger and shock. In The Last Supper, the way in which he isolated Christ at the epicenter of the scene and made each apostle a separate entity, yet at the same time united them all in the moment, is a stroke of genius that subsequent artists throughout history would strive to replicate. Nowadays, Leonardo’s is located in its original place, on the wall of the dining room of the former Dominican convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, exactly in the refectory of the convent and is one of the most celebrated and well known artworks in the world. Leonardo da Vinci’s “Last Supper”, a huge painting of 4.60 meters high and 8.80 meters wide was made with tempera and oil on a gypsum preparation instead of the technique commonly used in the fresco period.Several measures have now been implemented to protect the paint from deterioration. To ensure that the fresco is maintained at room temperature, since the last restoration, visitor’s’ entry has been restricted to a group of 25 people every 15 minutes.Just like William Shakespeare on literature, and Sigmund Freud on psychology, Leonardo’s impact on art is tremendous. Throughout his life, Leonardo da Vinci avoided the intrigues of worldly ambitions and vanity. He was a reserved and withdrawn man, not concerned with glory, and yet absolutely sure of the value of his abilities. Along with a small band of contemporary Renaissance figures, Leonardo da Vinci become the center of a movement of artists that has permanently enriched western culture. 16. The underlined word “deterioration” (in Paragraph 7) probably means__.
答案: Worsening.
17、 9. What did Jesus look like？We are awash in Jesus fiction. It’s not surprising. Jesus is the best-known figure of history, but in many ways he is also the least known. This makes a great subject for the novelist.Jesus was the Messiah (Christ), the Son of God who was crucified for the sins of humanity before rising from the dead, according to Christian Gospels and early Christian writings.According to the Gospels, Jesus, who was born around 4 B.C., was able to perform supernatural feats such as healing a wide range of diseases by simply touching people or speaking to them. He supposedly also had the ability to walk on water, instantly create vast amounts of fish and bread, resurrect the dead, rise from the dead himself, calm storms and exorcise demons from people.From the first time Christian children settle into Sunday school classrooms, an image of Jesus Christ is etched into their minds. In North America he is most often depicted as being taller than his disciples, lean, with long, flowing, light brown hair, fair skin and light-colored eyes. Familiar though this image may be, it is inherently flawed. A person with these features and physical bearing would have looked very different from everyone else in the region where Jesus lived and ministered. Surely the authors of the Bible would have mentioned so stark a contrast. On the contrary, according to the Gospel of Matthew, when Jesus was arrested in the garden of Gethsemane before the Crucifixion, Judas Iscariot had to indicate to the soldiers whom Jesus was because they could not tell him apart from his disciples. Further clouding the question of what Jesus looked like is the simple fact that nowhere in the New Testament is Jesus described, nor have any drawings of him ever been uncovered. Recent research led by Joan Taylor, professor of Christian Origins and Second Temple Judaism at King’s College London, gives us an idea of what Jesus may have looked like.Her research suggests that Jesus was likely around 5 feet 5 inches tall, had olive-brown skin with black hair, and likely kept his beard and hair short and well trimmed to keep out lice, which was a major problem at the time. Jesus’ work as a carpenter and the fact that he traveled on foot, combined with the fact that Jesus likely wasn’t able to eat regular meals, means that he was likely thin but somewhat muscular, wrote Taylor in her book “What Did Jesus Look Like” (T&T Clark, 2018).”Jesus was a man who was physical in terms of the labor that he came from,” Taylor told Live Science. “He shouldn’t be presented as in any way someone who was living a soft life, and sometimes that’s the kind of image we get.”17. According to the passage, Jesus performed many miracles except____.
答案: Killing monsters.
18、 9. What did Jesus look like？We are awash in Jesus fiction. It’s not surprising. Jesus is the best-known figure of history, but in many ways he is also the least known. This makes a great subject for the novelist.Jesus was the Messiah (Christ), the Son of God who was crucified for the sins of humanity before rising from the dead, according to Christian Gospels and early Christian writings.According to the Gospels, Jesus, who was born around 4 B.C., was able to perform supernatural feats such as healing a wide range of diseases by simply touching people or speaking to them. He supposedly also had the ability to walk on water, instantly create vast amounts of fish and bread, resurrect the dead, rise from the dead himself, calm storms and exorcise demons from people.From the first time Christian children settle into Sunday school classrooms, an image of Jesus Christ is etched into their minds. In North America he is most often depicted as being taller than his disciples, lean, with long, flowing, light brown hair, fair skin and light-colored eyes. Familiar though this image may be, it is inherently flawed. A person with these features and physical bearing would have looked very different from everyone else in the region where Jesus lived and ministered. Surely the authors of the Bible would have mentioned so stark a contrast. On the contrary, according to the Gospel of Matthew, when Jesus was arrested in the garden of Gethsemane before the Crucifixion, Judas Iscariot had to indicate to the soldiers whom Jesus was because they could not tell him apart from his disciples. Further clouding the question of what Jesus looked like is the simple fact that nowhere in the New Testament is Jesus described, nor have any drawings of him ever been uncovered. Recent research led by Joan Taylor, professor of Christian Origins and Second Temple Judaism at King’s College London, gives us an idea of what Jesus may have looked like.Her research suggests that Jesus was likely around 5 feet 5 inches tall, had olive-brown skin with black hair, and likely kept his beard and hair short and well trimmed to keep out lice, which was a major problem at the time. Jesus’ work as a carpenter and the fact that he traveled on foot, combined with the fact that Jesus likely wasn’t able to eat regular meals, means that he was likely thin but somewhat muscular, wrote Taylor in her book “What Did Jesus Look Like” (T&T Clark, 2018).”Jesus was a man who was physical in terms of the labor that he came from,” Taylor told Live Science. “He shouldn’t be presented as in any way someone who was living a soft life, and sometimes that’s the kind of image we get.”18. What can we know about the appearance of Jesus according to the passage
答案: Nobody really knows what Jesus looks like.
19、 10. The Passover Story Passover, or Pesach in Hebrew, is one of the Jewish religion’s most sacred and widely observed holidays. Passover commemorates the story of the Israelites’(以色列人的) departure from ancient Egypt, which appears in the Hebrew Bible’s books of Exodus（出埃及记）, Numbers（民数记） and Deuteronomy（申命记）, among other texts. Jews observe the weeklong festival with a number of important rituals, including a traditional Passover meals known as a seder, the removal of leavened（加酵母的）products from their home, the substitution of matzo（犹太逾越节薄饼）for bread and the retelling of the exodus tale.According to the Hebrew Bible, Jewish settlement in ancient Egypt first occurs when Joseph, a son of the patriarch Jacob and founder of one of the 12 tribes of Israel, moves his family there during a severe famine in their homeland of Canaan. For many years the Israelites live in harmony in the province of Goshen, but as their population grows the Egyptians begin to see them as a threat. After the death of Joseph and his brothers, the story goes, a particularly hostile pharaoh（法老）orders their enslavement and the systematic drowning of their firstborn sons in the Nile. One of these doomed infants is rescued by the pharaoh’s daughter, given the name Moses (meaning “one who is pulled out”) and adopted into the Egyptian royal family.When he reaches adulthood, Moses becomes aware of his true identity and the Egyptians’ brutal treatment of his fellow Hebrews. He kills an Egyptian slave master and escapes to the Sinai Peninsula, where he lives as a humble shepherd for 40 years. One day, however, Moses receives a command from God to return to Egypt and free his kin from bondage, according to the Hebrew Bible. Along with his brother Aaron, Moses approaches the reigning pharaoh (who is unnamed in the biblical version of the story) several times, explaining that the Hebrew God has requested a three-day leave for his people so that they may celebrate a feast in the wilderness. When the pharaoh refuses, God unleashes 10 plagues on the Egyptians, including turning the Nile River red with blood, diseased livestock, boils, hailstorms and three days of darkness, culminating in the slaying of every firstborn son by an avenging angel. The Israelites, however, mark the doorframes of their homes with lamb’s blood so that the angel of death will recognize and “pass over” each Jewish household.Terrified of further punishment, the Egyptians convince their ruler to release the Israelites, and Moses quickly leads them out of Egypt. The pharaoh changes his mind, however, and sends his soldiers to retrieve the former slaves. As the Egyptian army approaches the fleeing Jews at the edge of the Red Sea, a miracle occurs: God causes the sea to part, allowing Moses and his followers to cross safely, then closes the passage and drowns the Egyptians. According to the Hebrew Bible, the Jews—now numbering in the hundreds of thousands—then trek through the Sinai desert for 40 tumultuous years before finally reaching their ancestral home in Canaan, later known as the Land of Israel.19. Which one of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
答案: The Egyptians mark the doorframes of their homes with lamb’s blood so that the angel of death will recognize and “pass over” each Jewish household.
20、 10. The Passover Story Passover, or Pesach in Hebrew, is one of the Jewish religion’s most sacred and widely observed holidays. Passover commemorates the story of the Israelites’(以色列人的) departure from ancient Egypt, which appears in the Hebrew Bible’s books of Exodus（出埃及记）, Numbers（民数记） and Deuteronomy（申命记）, among other texts. Jews observe the weeklong festival with a number of important rituals, including a traditional Passover meals known as a seder, the removal of leavened（加酵母的）products from their home, the substitution of matzo（犹太逾越节薄饼）for bread and the retelling of the exodus tale.According to the Hebrew Bible, Jewish settlement in ancient Egypt first occurs when Joseph, a son of the patriarch Jacob and founder of one of the 12 tribes of Israel, moves his family there during a severe famine in their homeland of Canaan. For many years the Israelites live in harmony in the province of Goshen, but as their population grows the Egyptians begin to see them as a threat. After the death of Joseph and his brothers, the story goes, a particularly hostile pharaoh（法老）orders their enslavement and the systematic drowning of their firstborn sons in the Nile. One of these doomed infants is rescued by the pharaoh’s daughter, given the name Moses (meaning “one who is pulled out”) and adopted into the Egyptian royal family.When he reaches adulthood, Moses becomes aware of his true identity and the Egyptians’ brutal treatment of his fellow Hebrews. He kills an Egyptian slave master and escapes to the Sinai Peninsula, where he lives as a humble shepherd for 40 years. One day, however, Moses receives a command from God to return to Egypt and free his kin from bondage, according to the Hebrew Bible. Along with his brother Aaron, Moses approaches the reigning pharaoh (who is unnamed in the biblical version of the story) several times, explaining that the Hebrew God has requested a three-day leave for his people so that they may celebrate a feast in the wilderness. When the pharaoh refuses, God unleashes 10 plagues on the Egyptians, including turning the Nile River red with blood, diseased livestock, boils, hailstorms and three days of darkness, culminating in the slaying of every firstborn son by an avenging angel. The Israelites, however, mark the doorframes of their homes with lamb’s blood so that the angel of death will recognize and “pass over” each Jewish household.Terrified of further punishment, the Egyptians convince their ruler to release the Israelites, and Moses quickly leads them out of Egypt. The pharaoh changes his mind, however, and sends his soldiers to retrieve the former slaves. As the Egyptian army approaches the fleeing Jews at the edge of the Red Sea, a miracle occurs: God causes the sea to part, allowing Moses and his followers to cross safely, then closes the passage and drowns the Egyptians. According to the Hebrew Bible, the Jews—now numbering in the hundreds of thousands—then trek through the Sinai desert for 40 tumultuous years before finally reaching their ancestral home in Canaan, later known as the Land of Israel.20. Which one of the following is NOT one of Passover traditions
答案: Marking the doorframes of homes with lamb’s blood.
第三、四周 4.3 第四单元词汇测验
1、 Her arrival served to animate the whole party.
答案: invigorate
2、 The students studies the organs of frogs today in biology class.
答案: science of life and living things
3、 Biographies of famous people often tell us much of the history of their time.
答案: written history of someone’s life
4、 To this day, I still have vivid recollections of the days I spent in Spain five years ago.
答案: distinct
5、 He revived with artificial respiration.
答案: came back to life
6、 The further survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.
答案: existence
7、 It is vital that you deliver this medicine immediately, Mrs. Cooper may die without it.
答案: urgent
8、 We can get stamps from automatic machines.
答案: self-operating
9、 All the schools in the city were closed during the flu epidemic.
答案: infection
10、 His newly published novel enjoys great popularity.
答案: liking
11、 A man’s body dies, but his soul may be immortal.
答案: ever-lasting
12、 All living things are mortal, so you and I must be mortal, too.
答案: subject to death
13、 The house is mortgaged to the bank for twenty thousand dollars.
答案: placed under lien
14、 Sally was mortified by her date’s unprecedented behavior.
答案: humiliated
15、 A patriot thinks first of his country and later of himself.
答案: nationalist
16、 The exhibition was patrolled at night by policeman.
答案: watched over
17、 The poor painter has a wealthy patron.
答案: protector
18、 In almost every discussion there is bound to be some disagreement. Don’t expect unanimity.
答案: accord
19、 If you become extremely upset when you lose a game, it is a sign that you lack equanimity.
答案: calmness
20、 Her innate beauty entitles her to more chances in the choice of the jobs.
答案: natural
第三、四周 4.4 第四单元阅读理解
1、 1. Trinity CollegeTrinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. With around 600 undergraduates, 300 graduates, and over 180 fellows, it is the largest college in either of the Oxbridge universities by number of undergraduates. In terms of total student numbers, it is second only to Homerton College, Cambridge.Members of Trinity have won 33 Nobel Prizes out of the 116 won by members of Cambridge University, the highest number of any college at either Oxford or Cambridge. Five Fields Medals in mathematics were won by members of the college (of the six awarded to members of British universities) and one Abel Prize was won.Trinity alumni include six British prime ministers (all Tory or Whig/Liberal), physicists Isaac Newton, James Clerk Maxwell, Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr, mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, the poet Lord Byron, historian Lord Macaulay, philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell (whom it expelled before reaccepting), and Soviet spies Kim Philby, Guy Burgess, and Anthony Blunt.Two members of the British royal family have studied at Trinity and been awarded degrees as a result: Prince William of Gloucester and Edinburgh, who gained an MA in 1790, and Prince Charles, who was awarded a lower second class BA in 1970. Other royal family members have studied there without obtaining degrees, including King Edward VII, King George VI, and Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester.Trinity has many college societies, including the Trinity Mathematical Society, which is the oldest mathematical university society in the United Kingdom, and the First and Third Trinity Boat Club, its rowing club, which gives its name to the college’s May Ball. Along with Christ’s, Jesus, King’s and St John’s colleges, it has also provided several of the well-known members of the Apostles, an intellectual secret society.In 1848, Trinity hosted the meeting at which Cambridge undergraduates representing private schools such as Westminster drew up the first formal rules of football, known as the Cambridge Rules.Trinity’s sister college in Oxford is Christ Church. Like that college, Trinity has been linked with Westminster School since the school’s re-foundation in 1560, and its Master is an ex officio governor of the school.1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE
答案: Trinity is the largest college in either of the Oxbridge universities by total student numbers.
2、 1. Trinity CollegeTrinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. With around 600 undergraduates, 300 graduates, and over 180 fellows, it is the largest college in either of the Oxbridge universities by number of undergraduates. In terms of total student numbers, it is second only to Homerton College, Cambridge.Members of Trinity have won 33 Nobel Prizes out of the 116 won by members of Cambridge University, the highest number of any college at either Oxford or Cambridge. Five Fields Medals in mathematics were won by members of the college (of the six awarded to members of British universities) and one Abel Prize was won.Trinity alumni include six British prime ministers (all Tory or Whig/Liberal), physicists Isaac Newton, James Clerk Maxwell, Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr, mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, the poet Lord Byron, historian Lord Macaulay, philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell (whom it expelled before reaccepting), and Soviet spies Kim Philby, Guy Burgess, and Anthony Blunt.Two members of the British royal family have studied at Trinity and been awarded degrees as a result: Prince William of Gloucester and Edinburgh, who gained an MA in 1790, and Prince Charles, who was awarded a lower second class BA in 1970. Other royal family members have studied there without obtaining degrees, including King Edward VII, King George VI, and Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester.Trinity has many college societies, including the Trinity Mathematical Society, which is the oldest mathematical university society in the United Kingdom, and the First and Third Trinity Boat Club, its rowing club, which gives its name to the college’s May Ball. Along with Christ’s, Jesus, King’s and St John’s colleges, it has also provided several of the well-known members of the Apostles, an intellectual secret society.In 1848, Trinity hosted the meeting at which Cambridge undergraduates representing private schools such as Westminster drew up the first formal rules of football, known as the Cambridge Rules.Trinity’s sister college in Oxford is Christ Church. Like that college, Trinity has been linked with Westminster School since the school’s re-foundation in 1560, and its Master is an ex officio governor of the school.2. What can be inferred from the passage
答案: Trinity members won the highest number of Nobel Prizes at either Oxford or Cambridge.
3、 2. Activities on River CamLike many rivers, the Cam is extensively used for several forms of recreational activity. These include angling, swimming and various kinds of boating.AnglingThe water is not murky and is clean enough from its source to its confluence with the Great Ouse to support fish. The fishing rights on the west bank are leased annually to the Cambridge Fish Preservation and Angling Society.The Cam below Bottisham Sluice may still hold burbot, a fish thought to be extinct in English waters since the early 1970s. The last known burbot caught in Britain was in 1969, on the Cam, and in 2010 a fisherman reported spotting two in the Great Ouse.Above Hinxton and Great Chesterford the river holds a stock of wild brown trout, though it is also stocked by the Audley Fly Fishers club and other angling societies who own the rights.BoatingAll boats require a navigation license from either the Conservators of the River Cam or the Environment Agency.There are public moorings just below Jesus Lock on both sides of the river and on the western bank just north of the bridge at Clayhithe (both with a maximum stay of 48 hours), and unofficial moorings on the railings adjoining Riverside in Cambridge (unlimited stay, but usually fully occupied) which are under review by Cambridge City Council and likely to be reduced to eight or nine formalized residential moorings, or removed altogether. The moorings on the commons in Cambridge (Jesus Green, Midsummer Common map 5 and Stourbridge Common) are reserved by the City Council for holders of its long-term mooring permits. There are also some privately owned moorings.There is a public slipway next to the garden of the Green Dragon pub in Water Street, Chesterton.map 4 This is occasionally used for launching small boats.SwimmingThe local swimming club’s annual swim from the Mill pond to Jesus Green was cancelled for some years in the past because of higher pollution levels.Swimming on the upper river is popular in the summer, and people bathe at Grantchester Meadows all year round. Hardy bathers take part in the New Year’s Day swim.3.What do we know about the River Cam according to the passage？
答案: The last known burbot caught in Britain was in 1969, on the Cam.
4、 2. Activies on River CamLike many rivers, the Cam is extensively used for several forms of recreational activity. These include angling, swimming and various kinds of boating.AnglingThe water is not murky and is clean enough from its source to its confluence with the Great Ouse to support fish. The fishing rights on the west bank are leased annually to the Cambridge Fish Preservation and Angling Society.The Cam below Bottisham Sluice may still hold burbot, a fish thought to be extinct in English waters since the early 1970s. The last known burbot caught in Britain was in 1969, on the Cam, and in 2010 a fisherman reported spotting two in the Great Ouse.Above Hinxton and Great Chesterford the river holds a stock of wild brown trout, though it is also stocked by the Audley Fly Fishers club and other angling societies who own the rights.BoatingAll boats require a navigation license from either the Conservators of the River Cam or the Environment Agency.There are public moorings just below Jesus Lock on both sides of the river and on the western bank just north of the bridge at Clayhithe (both with a maximum stay of 48 hours), and unofficial moorings on the railings adjoining Riverside in Cambridge (unlimited stay, but usually fully occupied) which are under review by Cambridge City Council and likely to be reduced to eight or nine formalized residential moorings, or removed altogether. The moorings on the commons in Cambridge (Jesus Green, Midsummer Common map 5 and Stourbridge Common) are reserved by the City Council for holders of its long-term mooring permits. There are also some privately owned moorings.There is a public slipway next to the garden of the Green Dragon pub in Water Street, Chesterton.map 4 This is occasionally used for launching small boats.SwimmingThe local swimming club’s annual swim from the Mill pond to Jesus Green was cancelled for some years in the past because of higher pollution levels.Swimming on the upper river is popular in the summer, and people bathe at Grantchester Meadows all year round. Hardy bathers take part in the New Year’s Day swim.4.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？
答案: The moorings on the commons in Cambridge are reserved by Environment Agency
5、 3. History of OxfordAs the oldest university in the English-speaking world, Oxford is a unique and historic institution. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons and in around 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, set in motion the University’s tradition of international scholarly links. By 1201, the University was headed by a magister scolarum Oxonie, on whom the title of Chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a universitas or corporation.In the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (townspeople and students) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence. These were succeeded by the first of Oxford’s colleges, which began as medieval ‘halls of residence’ or endowed houses under the supervision of a Master. University, Balliol and Merton Colleges, which were established between 1249 and 1264, are the oldest.Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges. In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.From its early days, Oxford was a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes. John Wyclif, a 14th-century Master of Balliol, campaigned for a Bible in the vernacular, against the wishes of the papacy. In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, and during the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anglican churchmen Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford.The University was Royalist in the Civil War, and Charles I held a counter-Parliament in Convocation House. In the late 17th century, the Oxford philosopher John Locke, suspected of treason, was forced to flee the country.The 18th century, when Oxford was said to have forsaken port for politics, was also an era of scientific discovery and religious revival. Edmund Halley, Professor of Geometry, predicted the return of the comet that bears his name; John and Charles Wesley’s prayer meetings laid the foundations of the Methodist Society.The University assumed a leading role in the Victorian era, especially in religious controversy. From 1833 onwards The Oxford Movement sought to revitalize the Catholic aspects of the Anglican Church. One of its leaders, John Henry Newman, became a Roman Catholic in 1845 and was later made a Cardinal. In 1860 the new University Museum was the scene of a famous debate between Thomas Huxley, champion of evolution, and Bishop Wilberforce.From 1878, academic halls were established for women and they were admitted to full membership of the University in 1920. Five all-male colleges first admitted women in 1974 and, since then, all colleges have changed their statutes to admit both women and men. St Hilda’s College, which was originally for women only, was the last of Oxford’s single sex colleges. It has admitted both men and women since 2008.During the 20th and early 21st centuries, Oxford added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine. In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as an international focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate.5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
答案: John Locke was forced to flee the country in the late 17th century.
6、 3. History of OxfordAs the oldest university in the English-speaking world, Oxford is a unique and historic institution. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons and in around 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, set in motion the University’s tradition of international scholarly links. By 1201, the University was headed by a magister scolarum Oxonie, on whom the title of Chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a universitas or corporation.In the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (townspeople and students) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence. These were succeeded by the first of Oxford’s colleges, which began as medieval ‘halls of residence’ or endowed houses under the supervision of a Master. University, Balliol and Merton Colleges, which were established between 1249 and 1264, are the oldest.Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges. In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.From its early days, Oxford was a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes. John Wyclif, a 14th-century Master of Balliol, campaigned for a Bible in the vernacular, against the wishes of the papacy. In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, and during the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anglican churchmen Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford.The University was Royalist in the Civil War, and Charles I held a counter-Parliament in Convocation House. In the late 17th century, the Oxford philosopher John Locke, suspected of treason, was forced to flee the country.The 18th century, when Oxford was said to have forsaken port for politics, was also an era of scientific discovery and religious revival. Edmund Halley, Professor of Geometry, predicted the return of the comet that bears his name; John and Charles Wesley’s prayer meetings laid the foundations of the Methodist Society.The University assumed a leading role in the Victorian era, especially in religious controversy. From 1833 onwards The Oxford Movement sought to revitalize the Catholic aspects of the Anglican Church. One of its leaders, John Henry Newman, became a Roman Catholic in 1845 and was later made a Cardinal. In 1860 the new University Museum was the scene of a famous debate between Thomas Huxley, champion of evolution, and Bishop Wilberforce.From 1878, academic halls were established for women and they were admitted to full membership of the University in 1920. Five all-male colleges first admitted women in 1974 and, since then, all colleges have changed their statutes to admit both women and men. St Hilda’s College, which was originally for women only, was the last of Oxford’s single sex colleges. It has admitted both men and women since 2008.During the 20th and early 21st centuries, Oxford added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine. In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as an international focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate.6.What can be inferred from the passage
答案: Edward III paid tribute to Oxford for its great contribution to learning.
7、 4. Cambridge When we first come across Cambridge in written records, it was already a considerable town. The bridge across the River Cam or Granta, from which the town took its name, had existed since at least 875. The town was an important trading centre before the Domesday survey was compiled in 1086, by which time a castle stood on the rising ground to the north of the bridge, and there were already substantial commercial and residential properties as well as several churches in the main settlement which lay south of the bridge.Within the town, or very close to it, there were a number of other religious institutions. There had been canons in the Church of St Giles below the castle before 1112, when they moved to a new site across the River Cam at Barnwell, and the Convent of St Radegund had existed since 1135 on the site which eventually became Jesus College. There were also two hospitals, one reserved for lepers at Stourbridge, and a second, founded for paupers and dedicated to St John, which after 1200 occupied the site where St John’s College now stands. Seventeen miles north of the town was the great Benedictine house of Ely which, after 1109, was the seat of a Bishopric.There was thus much to bring clerks (clergymen) to the town, but traders were also attracted to it. After about 1100 they could reach Cambridge easily by the river systems which drained the whole of the East Midlands, and through Lynn and Ely they had access to the sea. Much wealth accumulated in the town, and the eleven surviving medieval parish churches and at least one handsome stone house remain as evidence of this. There were food markets before 1066, and during the twelfth century the nuns of St Radegund were allowed to set up a fair on their own land at Garlic Lane; the canons of Barnwell had a fair in June (later Midsummer Fair), and the leper hospital was granted the right to hold a fair which developed into the well-known and long-lasting Stourbridge Fair.By 1200, Cambridge was a thriving commercial community which was also a county town and had at least one school of some distinction. Then, in 1209, scholars taking refuge from hostile townsmen in Oxford migrated to Cambridge and settled there. At first they lived in lodgings in the town, but in time houses were hired as hostels with a Master in charge of the students. By 1226 the scholars were numerous enough to have set up an organization, represented by an official called a Chancellor, and seem to have arranged regular courses of study, taught by their own members. From the start there was friction between the town and the students. Students, usually aged about fourteen or fifteen, often caused disturbances; citizens of the town, on the other hand, were known to overcharge for rooms and food. King Henry III took the scholars under his protection as early as 1231 and arranged for them to be sheltered from exploitation by their landlords. At the same time he tried to ensure that they had a monopoly of teaching, by an order that only those enrolled under the tuition of a recognized master were to be allowed to remain in the town.7.The underlined word in paragraph 4 can be replaced by ______.
答案: Flourishing.
8、 4. Cambridge When we first come across Cambridge in written records, it was already a considerable town. The bridge across the River Cam or Granta, from which the town took its name, had existed since at least 875. The town was an important trading centre before the Domesday survey was compiled in 1086, by which time a castle stood on the rising ground to the north of the bridge, and there were already substantial commercial and residential properties as well as several churches in the main settlement which lay south of the bridge.Within the town, or very close to it, there were a number of other religious institutions. There had been canons in the Church of St Giles below the castle before 1112, when they moved to a new site across the River Cam at Barnwell, and the Convent of St Radegund had existed since 1135 on the site which eventually became Jesus College. There were also two hospitals, one reserved for lepers at Stourbridge, and a second, founded for paupers and dedicated to St John, which after 1200 occupied the site where St John’s College now stands. Seventeen miles north of the town was the great Benedictine house of Ely which, after 1109, was the seat of a Bishopric.There was thus much to bring clerks (clergymen) to the town, but traders were also attracted to it. After about 1100 they could reach Cambridge easily by the river systems which drained the whole of the East Midlands, and through Lynn and Ely they had access to the sea. Much wealth accumulated in the town, and the eleven surviving medieval parish churches and at least one handsome stone house remain as evidence of this. There were food markets before 1066, and during the twelfth century the nuns of St Radegund were allowed to set up a fair on their own land at Garlic Lane; the canons of Barnwell had a fair in June (later Midsummer Fair), and the leper hospital was granted the right to hold a fair which developed into the well-known and long-lasting Stourbridge Fair.By 1200, Cambridge was a thriving commercial community which was also a county town and had at least one school of some distinction. Then, in 1209, scholars taking refuge from hostile townsmen in Oxford migrated to Cambridge and settled there. At first they lived in lodgings in the town, but in time houses were hired as hostels with a Master in charge of the students. By 1226 the scholars were numerous enough to have set up an organization, represented by an official called a Chancellor, and seem to have arranged regular courses of study, taught by their own members. From the start there was friction between the town and the students. Students, usually aged about fourteen or fifteen, often caused disturbances; citizens of the town, on the other hand, were known to overcharge for rooms and food. King Henry III took the scholars under his protection as early as 1231 and arranged for them to be sheltered from exploitation by their landlords. At the same time he tried to ensure that they had a monopoly of teaching, by an order that only those enrolled under the tuition of a recognized master were to be allowed to remain in the town.8. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
答案: There were food markets before 1066.
9、 5. Cavendish LaboratoryThe Cavendish Laboratory has had an important influence on biology, mainly through the application of X-ray crystallography to the study of structures of biological molecules. Francis Crick already worked in the Medical Research Council Unit, headed by Max Perutz and housed in the Cavendish Laboratory, when James Watson came from the United States and they made a breakthrough in discovering the structure of DNA. For their work while in the Cavendish Laboratory, they were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962, together with Maurice Wilkins of King’s College London, himself a graduate of St. John’s College, Cambridge.The discovery was made on 28 February 1953; the first Watson/Crick paper appeared in Nature on 25 April 1953. Sir Lawrence Bragg, the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, where Watson and Crick worked, gave a talk at Guy’s Hospital Medical School in London on Thursday 14 May 1953 which resulted in an article by Ritchie Calder in the News Chronicle of London, on Friday 15 May 1953, entitled “Why You Are You. Nearer Secret of Life.” The news reached readers of The New York Times the next day; Victor K. McElheny, in researching his biography, Watson and DN答案: The Cavendish Laboratory has had an important influence on biology.
10、 5. Cavendish LaboratoryThe Cavendish Laboratory has had an important influence on biology, mainly through the application of X-ray crystallography to the study of structures of biological molecules. Francis Crick already worked in the Medical Research Council Unit, headed by Max Perutz and housed in the Cavendish Laboratory, when James Watson came from the United States and they made a breakthrough in discovering the structure of DNA. For their work while in the Cavendish Laboratory, they were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962, together with Maurice Wilkins of King’s College London, himself a graduate of St. John’s College, Cambridge.The discovery was made on 28 February 1953; the first Watson/Crick paper appeared in Nature on 25 April 1953. Sir Lawrence Bragg, the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, where Watson and Crick worked, gave a talk at Guy’s Hospital Medical School in London on Thursday 14 May 1953 which resulted in an article by Ritchie Calder in the News Chronicle of London, on Friday 15 May 1953, entitled “Why You Are You. Nearer Secret of Life.” The news reached readers of The New York Times the next day; Victor K. McElheny, in researching his biography, Watson and DN答案: The first Watson/Crick paper appeared in Nature on 1953.
11、 6. Nobel Prize Winners of Oxford and CambridgeThe universities of Oxford and Cambridge are both known for their Nobel laureates – Oxford has 69 and Cambridge has an astonishing 118, more than any other university in the world except Harvard, and more than any country other than the USA and UK.Here are two of the most interesting and notable Nobel laureates of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.1. Dorothy Hodgkin (Oxford and Cambridge, Chemistry, 1964)The first British woman to win a Nobel prize, Dorothy Hodgkin is a graduate of both Oxford, where she studied for her BSc and then returned as a fellow – and Cambridge, where she studied for her PhD. At the time when she was studying for her BSc in Oxford, she would not have been able to take a degree at Cambridge, which did not grant women full degrees until 1947.Hodgkin’s work was focused around her refinement of the technique of X-ray crystallography, which enabled her to uncover the structure of different biomolecules. This included confirming the structure of penicillin, and discovering the structure of vitamin B12 and later insulin – discoveries which helped to uncover how these biomolecules work. As a tutor at Oxford, Hodgkin taught Margaret Thatcher when she was an undergraduate, and Thatcher later displayed a portrait of Hodgkin in Downing St, though the two women had markedly different political views. Alongside the Nobel prize, her groundbreaking work was recognised with the Order of Merit, which she became only the second woman to receive, after Florence Nightingale, and she was also the first woman to receive the Royal Society’s Copley Medal.2. Amartya Sen (Oxford and Cambridge, Economics, 1998)Born in Bengal in 1933, Amartya Sen was just nine years old when he witnessed the famine of 1943, which killed three million people. Nearly 20 years later, he wrote on poverty and famines, arguing that a famine is not only caused by lack of food – indeed, that in Bengal in 1943 there had been sufficient food to feed the population, had its supply not been affected by British military policies, panic buying and rapid price rises. By then, he was teaching at the University of Oxford – he would later also become Master of Trinity College, Cambridge – and his scholarly approach that combined philosophy with economics have led to him being regarded as one of the world’s leading intellectuals. It was for his work on famine that he was awarded the Nobel Prize.Sen has led on our economic understanding of development and the developing world, providing new means of assessing poverty and the welfare of a population. He has argued that such measures should be used alongside other measures such as GDP and productivity measures, so that governments will be able to assess the impact of their policies on people’s day-to-day lives.11. Which one of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
答案: Dorothy Hodgkin was nominated for the Oscar Award.
12、 6. Nobel Prize Winners of Oxford and CambridgeThe universities of Oxford and Cambridge are both known for their Nobel laureates – Oxford has 69 and Cambridge has an astonishing 118, more than any other university in the world except Harvard, and more than any country other than the USA and UK.Here are two of the most interesting and notable Nobel laureates of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.1. Dorothy Hodgkin (Oxford and Cambridge, Chemistry, 1964)The first British woman to win a Nobel prize, Dorothy Hodgkin is a graduate of both Oxford, where she studied for her BSc and then returned as a fellow – and Cambridge, where she studied for her PhD. At the time when she was studying for her BSc in Oxford, she would not have been able to take a degree at Cambridge, which did not grant women full degrees until 1947.Hodgkin’s work was focused around her refinement of the technique of X-ray crystallography, which enabled her to uncover the structure of different biomolecules. This included confirming the structure of penicillin, and discovering the structure of vitamin B12 and later insulin – discoveries which helped to uncover how these biomolecules work. As a tutor at Oxford, Hodgkin taught Margaret Thatcher when she was an undergraduate, and Thatcher later displayed a portrait of Hodgkin in Downing St, though the two women had markedly different political views. Alongside the Nobel prize, her groundbreaking work was recognised with the Order of Merit, which she became only the second woman to receive, after Florence Nightingale, and she was also the first woman to receive the Royal Society’s Copley Medal.2. Amartya Sen (Oxford and Cambridge, Economics, 1998)Born in Bengal in 1933, Amartya Sen was just nine years old when he witnessed the famine of 1943, which killed three million people. Nearly 20 years later, he wrote on poverty and famines, arguing that a famine is not only caused by lack of food – indeed, that in Bengal in 1943 there had been sufficient food to feed the population, had its supply not been affected by British military policies, panic buying and rapid price rises. By then, he was teaching at the University of Oxford – he would later also become Master of Trinity College, Cambridge – and his scholarly approach that combined philosophy with economics have led to him being regarded as one of the world’s leading intellectuals. It was for his work on famine that he was awarded the Nobel Prize.Sen has led on our economic understanding of development and the developing world, providing new means of assessing poverty and the welfare of a population. He has argued that such measures should be used alongside other measures such as GDP and productivity measures, so that governments will be able to assess the impact of their policies on people’s day-to-day lives.12. Which one of the following is NOT the achievement of Dorothy Hodgkin
答案: Confirming the structure of artemisinin.
13、 7. Oldest Universities in the WorldMost of the oldest universities in the world are located in Europe, and as such, many of the surviving institutions have highly revered academic programs.Universities, or institutions of higher education, have their roots in Europe during medieval times where some of the oldest universities in the world were first founded. The term “university” comes from the word “universitas magistrorum et scholarium” which translates to “community of teachers and scholars.” In most places around the world, the term “university” is granted to institutions by a government agency, but in some places like the United States, there is no national standard for its definition.With its beginnings, the philosophy behind a university is the notion of academic freedom. By the 18th century, universities were publishing research journals. Through the 19th century, religion briefly entered institutions and then became less focused on religion as science became more dominant. As time has progressed, universities have become more accessible to the masses, and today, online institutions like University of the People are helping to make education even more democratic and available to everyone.But where and when were the oldest universities in the world created exactly Here’s a brief look at some of the oldest institutions.1. University of Bologna – ItalyEstablished in 1088, the University of Bologna holds the title of being the oldest in the world. In the past, the academic offering was only for doctoral degrees, but this has since changed as there are now a range of programs at various levels. There are about 84,200 students enrolled of which 30,000 are postgraduate students.2. University of Oxford – United KingdomCreated somewhere between 1096 to 1167, the University of Oxford is one of the most widely revered institutions in the world. The roster of alumni boasts prime ministers, Nobel laureates, and notable figures like Sir Stephen Hawking. The exact date of its inception is not entirely known, but some history points to the fact that teachings began as early as 1096.3. University of Salamanca – SpainFounded in 1134 with a royal charter in 1218, the University of Salamanca is Spain’s oldest institution. In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus obtained royal support for his expedition that discovered North America on the university’s grounds. Today, over 30,000 students are enrolled across nine campuses.4. University of Paris – FranceMore commonly known as Sorbonne, the University of Paris was founded between 1160 and 1250. Following the French Revolution, the school was on hold from 1793 to 1896. In 1970, it was divided into 13 individual institutions.5. University of Cambridge – United KingdomDue to political conflicts, a group of students left the University of Oxford and created the University of Cambridge in 1209. The 21,600 students that attend the University of Cambridge still hold a rivalry with the University of Oxford that is rooted in its history.There are other universities around the world that were established early and continue to thrive. For example, the oldest university in the United States of America is Harvard, which was created in 1636. Although each university has its own philosophy of teaching, the modern-day university systems has its roots grounded in Europe from way back in the day. 13. What is the philosophy behind a university according to the passage
答案: The notion of academic freedom.
14、 7. Oldest Universities in the WorldMost of the oldest universities in the world are located in Europe, and as such, many of the surviving institutions have highly revered academic programs.Universities, or institutions of higher education, have their roots in Europe during medieval times where some of the oldest universities in the world were first founded. The term “university” comes from the word “universitas magistrorum et scholarium” which translates to “community of teachers and scholars.” In most places around the world, the term “university” is granted to institutions by a government agency, but in some places like the United States, there is no national standard for its definition.With its beginnings, the philosophy behind a university is the notion of academic freedom. By the 18th century, universities were publishing research journals. Through the 19th century, religion briefly entered institutions and then became less focused on religion as science became more dominant. As time has progressed, universities have become more accessible to the masses, and today, online institutions like University of the People are helping to make education even more democratic and available to everyone.But where and when were the oldest universities in the world created exactly Here’s a brief look at some of the oldest institutions.1. University of Bologna – ItalyEstablished in 1088, the University of Bologna holds the title of being the oldest in the world. In the past, the academic offering was only for doctoral degrees, but this has since changed as there are now a range of programs at various levels. There are about 84,200 students enrolled of which 30,000 are postgraduate students.2. University of Oxford – United KingdomCreated somewhere between 1096 to 1167, the University of Oxford is one of the most widely revered institutions in the world. The roster of alumni boasts prime ministers, Nobel laureates, and notable figures like Sir Stephen Hawking. The exact date of its inception is not entirely known, but some history points to the fact that teachings began as early as 1096.3. University of Salamanca – SpainFounded in 1134 with a royal charter in 1218, the University of Salamanca is Spain’s oldest institution. In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus obtained royal support for his expedition that discovered North America on the university’s grounds. Today, over 30,000 students are enrolled across nine campuses.4. University of Paris – FranceMore commonly known as Sorbonne, the University of Paris was founded between 1160 and 1250. Following the French Revolution, the school was on hold from 1793 to 1896. In 1970, it was divided into 13 individual institutions.5. University of Cambridge – United KingdomDue to political conflicts, a group of students left the University of Oxford and created the University of Cambridge in 1209. The 21,600 students that attend the University of Cambridge still hold a rivalry with the University of Oxford that is rooted in its history.There are other universities around the world that were established early and continue to thrive. For example, the oldest university in the United States of America is Harvard, which was created in 1636. Although each university has its own philosophy of teaching, the modern-day university systems has its roots grounded in Europe from way back in the day.14. Which one of the following is the oldest university in the world
答案: University of Bologna.
15、 8. Oxford, City of Dreaming SpiresOxford is the county town of Oxfordshire and famous worldwide for its prestigious university, the oldest in the English-speaking world. In his poem ‘Thyrsis’ the Victorian poet Matthew Arnold called Oxford ‘the city of dreaming spires’ after the stunning architecture of these university buildings.Two rivers run through Oxford, the Cherwell and the Thames (Isis), and it is from this riverside situation that Oxford got its name in Saxon times, ‘Oxenaforda’ or ‘Ford of the Oxen’. In the 10th century Oxford became an important frontier town between the kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex and was also strategically important to the Normans who in 1071 built a castle there, first in timber and later in the 11th century, in stone. Oxford Castle played an important part in The Anarchy in 1142 when Matilda was imprisoned there, and later, like many other castles, was mostly destroyed during the English Civil War.The University of Oxford is first mentioned in the 12th century although the exact date of its foundation is unknown. The University expanded rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris and the returning students settled in Oxford. However, in 1209 a student fled the city after apparently murdering his mistress, and the townsfolk retaliated（报复） by hanging two students. The ensuing riots resulted in some academics fleeing to nearby Cambridge and establishing the University of Cambridge. The relationship between “town and gown” was often uneasy – as many as 93 students and townspeople were killed in the St Scholastica Day Riot of 1355.Oxford is a collegiate university, made up of 38 colleges and six permanent private halls. The oldest of Oxford’s colleges are University College, Balliol, and Merton, established sometime between 1249 and 1264. Founded by Henry VIII with Cardinal Wolsey, Christ Church is the largest Oxford college and uniquely, the Cathedral seat of Oxford. Most of the colleges are open to the public, but visitors should check opening times. As the colleges are in use by students, visitors are asked to respect the areas marked as private.The historic centre of Oxford is small enough to explore on foot and within easy walking distance of the bus and rail stations. There are many ways to discover this beautiful city: open bus tours, walking tours, river cruises and you can even hire a punt or a rowing boat from Folly Bridge, Magdalen Bridge or Cherwell Boathouse.One of the most iconic buildings in Oxford is The Radcliffe Camera in Radcliffe Square with its distinctive circular dome and drum. Built in 1749 to house the Radcliffe Science Library, the Radcliffe Camera (camera is another word for ‘room’) is now a reading room for the Bodleian Library.Officially opened in 1683, Oxford’s Ashmolean Museum on Beaumont Street is Britain’s oldest public museum and possibly the world’s oldest museum. It is home to Oxford University’s art and archaeology collections and admission is free.Completed in 1914 to connect two parts of Hertford College, Hertford Bridge is often called the Bridge of Sighs because of the similarity to the famous bridge in Venice. Actually it was never intended to be a replica of any existing bridge.Oxford’s beautiful historic centre has starred in many films and television series. Scenes from the Harry Potter films were shot at Oxford University; the Great Hall was the setting for Hogwart’s dining room and the Library doubled as Hogwart’s Infirmary.But Oxford is most firmly associated with TV’s ‘Inspector Morse’. It was the setting, and some might say one of the stars, of the TV series.15. What does the underlined phrase “town and gown” refer to
答案: The people who live in a town and the people who belong to the university in that town.
16、 8. Oxford, City of Dreaming SpiresOxford is the county town of Oxfordshire and famous worldwide for its prestigious university, the oldest in the English-speaking world. In his poem ‘Thyrsis’ the Victorian poet Matthew Arnold called Oxford ‘the city of dreaming spires’ after the stunning architecture of these university buildings.Two rivers run through Oxford, the Cherwell and the Thames (Isis), and it is from this riverside situation that Oxford got its name in Saxon times, ‘Oxenaforda’ or ‘Ford of the Oxen’. In the 10th century Oxford became an important frontier town between the kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex and was also strategically important to the Normans who in 1071 built a castle there, first in timber and later in the 11th century, in stone. Oxford Castle played an important part in The Anarchy in 1142 when Matilda was imprisoned there, and later, like many other castles, was mostly destroyed during the English Civil War.The University of Oxford is first mentioned in the 12th century although the exact date of its foundation is unknown. The University expanded rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris and the returning students settled in Oxford. However, in 1209 a student fled the city after apparently murdering his mistress, and the townsfolk retaliated（报复） by hanging two students. The ensuing riots resulted in some academics fleeing to nearby Cambridge and establishing the University of Cambridge. The relationship between “town and gown” was often uneasy – as many as 93 students and townspeople were killed in the St Scholastica Day Riot of 1355.Oxford is a collegiate university, made up of 38 colleges and six permanent private halls. The oldest of Oxford’s colleges are University College, Balliol, and Merton, established sometime between 1249 and 1264. Founded by Henry VIII with Cardinal Wolsey, Christ Church is the largest Oxford college and uniquely, the Cathedral seat of Oxford. Most of the colleges are open to the public, but visitors should check opening times. As the colleges are in use by students, visitors are asked to respect the areas marked as private.The historic centre of Oxford is small enough to explore on foot and within easy walking distance of the bus and rail stations. There are many ways to discover this beautiful city: open bus tours, walking tours, river cruises and you can even hire a punt or a rowing boat from Folly Bridge, Magdalen Bridge or Cherwell Boathouse.One of the most iconic buildings in Oxford is The Radcliffe Camera in Radcliffe Square with its distinctive circular dome and drum. Built in 1749 to house the Radcliffe Science Library, the Radcliffe Camera (camera is another word for ‘room’) is now a reading room for the Bodleian Library.Officially opened in 1683, Oxford’s Ashmolean Museum on Beaumont Street is Britain’s oldest public museum and possibly the world’s oldest museum. It is home to Oxford University’s art and archaeology collections and admission is free.Completed in 1914 to connect two parts of Hertford College, Hertford Bridge is often called the Bridge of Sighs because of the similarity to the famous bridge in Venice. Actually it was never intended to be a replica of any existing bridge.Oxford’s beautiful historic centre has starred in many films and television series. Scenes from the Harry Potter films were shot at Oxford University; the Great Hall was the setting for Hogwart’s dining room and the Library doubled as Hogwart’s Infirmary.But Oxford is most firmly associated with TV’s ‘Inspector Morse’. It was the setting, and some might say one of the stars, of the TV series.16. Which one of the following is NOT TRUE
答案: The Radcliffe Camera is a well-known camera.
17、 9. Eton CollegeSituated in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, Eton College is an independent boarding school for boys aged between 13 and 18 with an annual charge of 26,490 pound.As one of the oldest schools in the UK, it was founded by Henry IV in 1440 and its initial purpose was to provide free education for pupils from poor families who could not afford private tutors. It gradually developed into an elite school at the 17th century.The schools has cultivated numerous elites in various fields due to the high academic standard and the strict management. It has given birth to 19 British prime ministers with David Cameron as the 19th one and countless figures from the world’s royalty including Prince William and Harry. Other notable alumni include writers Henry Fielding, Percy Shelley, George Orwell and economist John Keynes. Among approximately 250 Eton graduates each year, over 70 of them go to Oxford and Cambridge and 70% of them are admitted to top universities around the world.Eton is not only famous for its elite students, but also for the ancient traditions that it has kept for over 600 years. The school uniform, which is first worn as a morning dress for the death of George III, is made up of a black tailcoat and waistcoat, white shirt, pinstriped trousers and leather shoes.The earliest records of school life date from the 16th century and paint a picture of a regimented and Spartan life. Scholars were awakened at 5 am, chanted prayers whilst they dressed, and were at work in Lower School by 6 am. All teaching was in Latin and lessons were supervised by “praepostors”, senior boys appointed by the headmaster. There was a single hour of play, though even at that time football appears to have been popular, for a sentence set for Latin translation in 1519 was “We will play with a bag full of wynde”. Lessons finished at 8 pm and there were only two holidays, each of three weeks duration at Christmas (when the scholars remained at Eton) and in the Summer. These holidays divided the school year into two “halves” a word which has survived despite the change to a three-term year in the 18th century. 17. The underlined word “elites” can be replaced by__.
答案: Outstanding people.
18、 9. Eton CollegeSituated in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, Eton College is an independent boarding school for boys aged between 13 and 18 with an annual charge of 26,490 pound.As one of the oldest schools in the UK, it was founded by Henry IV in 1440 and its initial purpose was to provide free education for pupils from poor families who could not afford private tutors. It gradually developed into an elite school at the 17th century.The schools has cultivated numerous elites in various fields due to the high academic standard and the strict management. It has given birth to 19 British prime ministers with David Cameron as the 19th one and countless figures from the world’s royalty including Prince William and Harry. Other notable alumni include writers Henry Fielding, Percy Shelley, George Orwell and economist John Keynes. Among approximately 250 Eton graduates each year, over 70 of them go to Oxford and Cambridge and 70% of them are admitted to top universities around the world.Eton is not only famous for its elite students, but also for the ancient traditions that it has kept for over 600 years. The school uniform, which is first worn as a morning dress for the death of George III, is made up of a black tailcoat and waistcoat, white shirt, pinstriped trousers and leather shoes.The earliest records of school life date from the 16th century and paint a picture of a regimented and Spartan life. Scholars were awakened at 5 am, chanted prayers whilst they dressed, and were at work in Lower School by 6 am. All teaching was in Latin and lessons were supervised by “praepostors”, senior boys appointed by the headmaster. There was a single hour of play, though even at that time football appears to have been popular, for a sentence set for Latin translation in 1519 was “We will play with a bag full of wynde”. Lessons finished at 8 pm and there were only two holidays, each of three weeks duration at Christmas (when the scholars remained at Eton) and in the Summer. These holidays divided the school year into two “halves” a word which has survived despite the change to a three-term year in the 18th century.18. Which one of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
答案: Over 70% of Eton graduates go to Oxford and Cambridge.
19、 10. Xu Zhimo memorial garden at King’s College Cambridge opens to publicChinese poet Xu Zhimo’s memorial garden opened at King’s College Cambridge in England on Friday, during the fourth annual Cambridge Xu Zhimo Poetry and Art Festival. Dozens of poets from China and Britain gathered in the garden, reading their own works on the theme of Birds and Gardens.Xu Zhimo was an early 20th-century Chinese poet. In 1921, Xu studied at King’s College Cambridge. His best-known poem, “A Second Farewell to Cambridge,” was written in 1928, after Xu’s third visit to Cambridge. It is filled with longings for Cambridge, his love of England and its poetry.90 years later, a Chinese garden named after Xu Zhimo’s was designed and built at King’s College Cambridge. It is the first Chinese garden built inside any college campus in Cambridge.The garden center is shaped as Yin and Yang, with a walking path running through. The inscribed in the path are the second and third verses of “A Second Farewell to Cambridge”, guiding visitors through the garden to the Crescent Moon Bench, which was named in memory of the Chinese literary society co-founded by Xu Zhimo in 1923.Professor Alan Macfarlane, chair of the Cambridge Xu Zhimo Poetry and Art Festival, said on Friday that the garden is not only designed on Daoist and Buddhist principles, but also to represent a fusion of East and West, just as Xu Zhimo was trying to bring the cultural treasures from China to England, and from England to China. Macfarlane added that he hopes through both poetry and the garden, cultural links between China and Britain can be further enhanced.The poetry festival has become one of the most influential Sino-British cultural exchange activities in Britain since 2015. During this year’s festival, eight artwork exhibitions showcasing modern Chinese paintings, porcelain artworks and calligraphy are also being held at the college. 19. This passage is possibly from _____.
答案: A newspaper.
20、 10. Xu Zhimo memorial garden at King’s College Cambridge opens to publicChinese poet Xu Zhimo’s memorial garden opened at King’s College Cambridge in England on Friday, during the fourth annual Cambridge Xu Zhimo Poetry and Art Festival. Dozens of poets from China and Britain gathered in the garden, reading their own works on the theme of Birds and Gardens.Xu Zhimo was an early 20th-century Chinese poet. In 1921, Xu studied at King’s College Cambridge. His best-known poem, “A Second Farewell to Cambridge,” was written in 1928, after Xu’s third visit to Cambridge. It is filled with longings for Cambridge, his love of England and its poetry.90 years later, a Chinese garden named after Xu Zhimo’s was designed and built at King’s College Cambridge. It is the first Chinese garden built inside any college campus in Cambridge.The garden center is shaped as Yin and Yang, with a walking path running through. The inscribed in the path are the second and third verses of “A Second Farewell to Cambridge”, guiding visitors through the garden to the Crescent Moon Bench, which was named in memory of the Chinese literary society co-founded by Xu Zhimo in 1923.Professor Alan Macfarlane, chair of the Cambridge Xu Zhimo Poetry and Art Festival, said on Friday that the garden is not only designed on Daoist and Buddhist principles, but also to represent a fusion of East and West, just as Xu Zhimo was trying to bring the cultural treasures from China to England, and from England to China. Macfarlane added that he hopes through both poetry and the garden, cultural links between China and Britain can be further enhanced.The poetry festival has become one of the most influential Sino-British cultural exchange activities in Britain since 2015. During this year’s festival, eight artwork exhibitions showcasing modern Chinese paintings, porcelain artworks and calligraphy are also being held at the college. 20. What can you know from this passage
答案: “A Second Farewell to Cambridge” is Xu Zhimo’s best-known poem.
第五、六周 5.3 第五单元词汇测验
1、 Two corpses were found in the ruins of an old building.
答案: dead bodies
2、 Your suggestions will be incorporated in the plan.
答案: included
3、 Relations between the two countries have never been more cordial.
答案: pleasant
4、 The counterfeit bills were a good facsimile of the real ones.
答案: reproduction
5、 The flowers on the table were a manifestation of the child’s love for his mother.
答案: demonstration
6、 Jame’s father takes care of a vegatable garden and James peddles what his father grows.
答案: sells
7、 The baseball match attracts thousands of spectators from all over the country.
答案: watchers
8、 We can’t help being suspicious of someone who buys so many new clothes just after money was stolen from the office.
答案: doubtful
9、 They were chosen according to their respective merits.
答案: particular
10、 If something can be easily seen, we say that it is conspicuous.
答案: eminent
11、 The valley took on a mysterious aspect at dusk.
答案: appearance
12、 Angles are pure spirits, and are thus invisible.
答案: unable to be seen
13、 The prisoners devised a plan to escape from prison.
答案: mapped out
14、 Maria has a provisional license.
答案: temporary
15、 The student revised his paper carefully, following the professor’s suggestions.
答案: corrected
16、 The apparatus can purify a thousand gallons of water a minute.
答案: device
17、 His apparel showed him to be a successful man.
答案: clothing
18、 Glass making was apparently the first industry to be brought from Europe to the United States.
答案: seemingly
19、 The water was so transparent that we could see the fish clearly.
答案: clear
20、 We should never slacken in our quest for a cure for cancer.
答案: search
第五、六周 5.4 第五单元阅读理解
1、 1. River ThamesThe River Thames is the second longest river in the United Kingdom and the longest river entirely in England, rising at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, and flowing into the North Sea at the Thames Estuary. It has a special significance in flowing through London, the capital of the United Kingdom, although London only touches a short part of its course. The river is tidal in London with a rise and fall of 7 meters (23 ft) and becomes non-tidal at Teddington Lock. The catchment area covers a large part of South Eastern and Western England and the river is fed by over 20 tributaries. The river contains over 80 islands, and having both seawater and freshwater stretches supports a variety of wildlife.The river has supported human activity from its source to its mouth for thousands of years providing habitation, water power, food and drink. It has also acted as a major highway both for international trade through the Port of London, and internally along its length and connecting to the British canal system. The river’s strategic position has seen it at the centre of many events and fashions in British history, earning it a description by John Burns as “Liquid History”. It has been a physical and political boundary over the centuries and generated a range of river crossings. In more recent time the river has become a major leisure area supporting tourism and pleasure outings as well as the sports of rowing, sailing, kayaking, and punting. The river has had a special appeal to writers, artists, musicians and film-makers and is well represented in the arts. It is still the subject of various debates about its course, nomenclature and history.The River Thames has twenty-seven bridges. But Tower Bridge, the first bridge over the Thames as you travel to London from the sea, is the most famous of them all. What makes Tower Bridge so exciting Why do visitors from all over the world want to see it The thing that is surprising about Tower Bridge is that it is open in the middle. It does this to let the big ships through to the Pool of London. lf you are lucky enough to see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air,you will never forget it. On its north side stands the Tower of London itself. Although they look like the same age, the Tower is almost a thousand years old,and Tower bridge is only about one hundred. It was built in the 1890s. 1.Which of the following is NOT TRUE about River Thames according to the passage
答案: The River Thames has twenty-nine bridges.
2、 1. River ThamesThe River Thames is the second longest river in the United Kingdom and the longest river entirely in England, rising at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, and flowing into the North Sea at the Thames Estuary. It has a special significance in flowing through London, the capital of the United Kingdom, although London only touches a short part of its course. The river is tidal in London with a rise and fall of 7 meters (23 ft) and becomes non-tidal at Teddington Lock. The catchment area covers a large part of South Eastern and Western England and the river is fed by over 20 tributaries. The river contains over 80 islands, and having both seawater and freshwater stretches supports a variety of wildlife.The river has supported human activity from its source to its mouth for thousands of years providing habitation, water power, food and drink. It has also acted as a major highway both for international trade through the Port of London, and internally along its length and connecting to the British canal system. The river’s strategic position has seen it at the centre of many events and fashions in British history, earning it a description by John Burns as “Liquid History”. It has been a physical and political boundary over the centuries and generated a range of river crossings. In more recent time the river has become a major leisure area supporting tourism and pleasure outings as well as the sports of rowing, sailing, kayaking, and punting. The river has had a special appeal to writers, artists, musicians and film-makers and is well represented in the arts. It is still the subject of various debates about its course, nomenclature and history.The River Thames has twenty-seven bridges. But Tower Bridge, the first bridge over the Thames as you travel to London from the sea, is the most famous of them all. What makes Tower Bridge so exciting Why do visitors from all over the world want to see it The thing that is surprising about Tower Bridge is that it is open in the middle. It does this to let the big ships through to the Pool of London. lf you are lucky enough to see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air,you will never forget it. On its north side stands the Tower of London itself. Although they look like the same age, the Tower is almost a thousand years old,and Tower bridge is only about one hundred. It was built in the 1890s. 2.Why is Tower Bridge open in the middle
答案: To let the huge vessels through.
3、 2. Tower BridgeTower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London built between 1886 and 1894. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London. Because of this, Tower Bridge is sometimes confused with London Bridge, situated some 0.5 mi (0.80 km) upstream. Tower Bridge is one of five London bridges now owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust overseen by the City of London Corporation. It is the only one of the Trust’s bridges not to connect the City of London directly to the Southwark bank, as its northern landfall is in Tower Hamlets.The bridge consists of two bridge towers tied together at the upper level by two horizontal walkways, designed to withstand the horizontal tension forces exerted by the suspended sections of the bridge on the landward sides of the towers. The vertical components of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. Before its restoration in the 2010s, the bridge’s colour scheme dated from 1977, when it was painted red, white and blue for Queen Elizabeth II’ s Silver Jubilee. Its colors were subsequently restored to blue and white.The bridge deck is freely accessible to both vehicles and pedestrians, whereas the bridge’s twin towers, high-level walkways and Victorian engine rooms form part of the Tower Bridge Exhibition, for which an admission charge is made. The nearest London Underground tube stations are Tower Hill on the Circle and District lines, London Bridge on the Jubilee and Northern lines and Bermondsey on the Jubilee line, and the nearest Docklands Light Railway station is Tower Gateway. The nearest National Rail stations are at Fenchurch Street and London Bridge.In the second half of the 19th century, an advertisement in the East End of London led to a hiring for a new river crossing downstream of London Bridge. A traditional fixed bridge at street level could not be built because it would cut off access by sailing ships to the port facilities in the Pool of London, between London Bridge and the Tower of London.A Special Bridge or Subway Committee was formed in 1877, chaired by Sir Albert Joseph Altman, to find a solution to the river crossing problem. Over 50 designs were submitted, including one from civil engineer Sir Joseph Bazalgette. Bazalgette’s design was rejected because of a lack of sufficient headroom, and design was not approved until 1884, when it was decided to build a bascule bridge. Sir John Wolfe Barry was appointed engineer with Sir Horace Jones as architect(who was also one of the judges). An Act of Parliament was passed in 1885 authorizing the bridge’s construction. It specified the opening span must give a clear width of 200 feet (61 m) and a headroom of 135 feet (41 m). Construction had to be in a Gothic style.Barry designed a bascule bridge with two bridge towers built on piers. The central span was split into two equal bascules or leaves, which could be raised to allow river traffic to pass. The two side-spans were suspension bridges, with the suspension rods anchored both at the abutments and through rods contained within the bridge’s upper walkways. 3. What can we learn about Tower bridge from the passage
答案: Bazalgette’s design was rejected because of a lack of sufficient headroom.
4、 2. Tower BridgeTower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London built between 1886 and 1894. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London. Because of this, Tower Bridge is sometimes confused with London Bridge, situated some 0.5 mi (0.80 km) upstream. Tower Bridge is one of five London bridges now owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust overseen by the City of London Corporation. It is the only one of the Trust’s bridges not to connect the City of London directly to the Southwark bank, as its northern landfall is in Tower Hamlets.The bridge consists of two bridge towers tied together at the upper level by two horizontal walkways, designed to withstand the horizontal tension forces exerted by the suspended sections of the bridge on the landward sides of the towers. The vertical components of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. Before its restoration in the 2010s, the bridge’s colour scheme dated from 1977, when it was painted red, white and blue for Queen Elizabeth II’ s Silver Jubilee. Its colors were subsequently restored to blue and white.The bridge deck is freely accessible to both vehicles and pedestrians, whereas the bridge’s twin towers, high-level walkways and Victorian engine rooms form part of the Tower Bridge Exhibition, for which an admission charge is made. The nearest London Underground tube stations are Tower Hill on the Circle and District lines, London Bridge on the Jubilee and Northern lines and Bermondsey on the Jubilee line, and the nearest Docklands Light Railway station is Tower Gateway. The nearest National Rail stations are at Fenchurch Street and London Bridge.In the second half of the 19th century, an advertisement in the East End of London led to a hiring for a new river crossing downstream of London Bridge. A traditional fixed bridge at street level could not be built because it would cut off access by sailing ships to the port facilities in the Pool of London, between London Bridge and the Tower of London.A Special Bridge or Subway Committee was formed in 1877, chaired by Sir Albert Joseph Altman, to find a solution to the river crossing problem. Over 50 designs were submitted, including one from civil engineer Sir Joseph Bazalgette. Bazalgette’s design was rejected because of a lack of sufficient headroom, and design was not approved until 1884, when it was decided to build a bascule bridge. Sir John Wolfe Barry was appointed engineer with Sir Horace Jones as architect(who was also one of the judges). An Act of Parliament was passed in 1885 authorizing the bridge’s construction. It specified the opening span must give a clear width of 200 feet (61 m) and a headroom of 135 feet (41 m). Construction had to be in a Gothic style.Barry designed a bascule bridge with two bridge towers built on piers. The central span was split into two equal bascules or leaves, which could be raised to allow river traffic to pass. The two side-spans were suspension bridges, with the suspension rods anchored both at the abutments and through rods contained within the bridge’s upper walkways. 4. In what web page do you think the passage is probably found
答案: An introduction to architecture.
5、 3. Westminster BridgeWestminster Bridge is a road-and-foot-traffic bridge over the River Thames in London, linking Westminster on the west side and Lambeth on the east side.The bridge is painted predominantly green, the same colour as the leather seats in the House of Commons which is on the side of the Palace of Westminster nearest to the bridge, but a natural shade similar to verdigris. This is in contrast to Lambeth Bridge, which is red, the same colour as the seats in the House of Lords and is on the opposite side of the Houses of Parliament.In 2005–2007, it underwent a complete refurbishment, including replacing the iron fascias and repainting the whole bridge. It links the Palace of Westminster on the west side of the river with County Hall and the London Eye on the east and was the finishing point during the early years of the London Marathon.The next bridge downstream is the Hungerford footbridge and upstream is Lambeth Bridge. Westminster Bridge was designated a Grade II listed structure in 1981. For over 600 years (at least 1129-1729), the nearest Thames bridge to London Bridge was at Kingston. From late Tudor times congestion in trading hours at London Bridge (for road goods and carriages from Kent, Essex, much of Surrey, Middle sex and beyond) often amounted to more than an hour. A bridge at Westminster was proposed in 1664, but opposed by the Corporation of London and the watermen. Further opposition held sway in 1722. However an intervening bridge (albeit in timber) was built at Putney in 1729 and the scheme received parliamentary approval in 1736. Financed by private capital, lotteries and grants, Westminster Bridge was built between 1739–1750, under the supervision of the Swiss engineer Charles Labelye. The bridge opened on 18 November 1750. The City of London responded to Westminster Bridge and the population growth by removing the buildings on London Bridge and widening it in 1760–63. With Putney Bridge, the bridge paved the way for four others within three decades: Blackfriars Bridge (1769, built by the City), Kew Bridge (1759), Battersea Bridge (1773), and Richmond Bridge (1777) by which date roads and vehicles were improved and fewer regular goods transported by water.The bridge assisted the expanding West End to the developing South London as well as goods and carriages from the more estuarine counties and the East Sussex and Kentish ports. Without the bridge, traffic to/from the greater West End would have to negotiate streets often as congested as London Bridge, principally the Strand/Fleet Street and New Oxford Street/Holborn. Roads on both sides of the river were also built and improved, including Charing Cross Road and around the Elephant & Castle in Southwark.By the mid–19th century the bridge was subsiding badly and expensive to maintain. The current bridge was designed by Thomas Page and opened on 24 May 1862. With a length of 820 feet (250 m) and a width of 85 feet (26 m), it is a seven-arch, cast-iron bridge with Gothic detailing by Charles Barry (the architect of the Palace of Westminster). Since the removal Rennie’s New London Bridge in 1967 it is the oldest road structure which crosses the Thames in central London.On 22 March 2017, a terrorist attack started on the bridge and continued into Bridge Street and Old Palace Yard. Five people – three pedestrians, one police officer, and the attacker – died as a result of the incident. A colleague of the officer (who was stationed nearby) was armed and shot the attacker. More than 50 people were injured. An investigation is ongoing by the Metropolitan Police. 5.What do we know about Westminster Bridge according to the passage？
答案: Westminster Bridge was designated a Grade II listed structure in 1981.
6、 3. Westminster BridgeWestminster Bridge is a road-and-foot-traffic bridge over the River Thames in London, linking Westminster on the west side and Lambeth on the east side.The bridge is painted predominantly green, the same colour as the leather seats in the House of Commons which is on the side of the Palace of Westminster nearest to the bridge, but a natural shade similar to verdigris. This is in contrast to Lambeth Bridge, which is red, the same colour as the seats in the House of Lords and is on the opposite side of the Houses of Parliament.In 2005–2007, it underwent a complete refurbishment, including replacing the iron fascias and repainting the whole bridge. It links the Palace of Westminster on the west side of the river with County Hall and the London Eye on the east and was the finishing point during the early years of the London Marathon.The next bridge downstream is the Hungerford footbridge and upstream is Lambeth Bridge. Westminster Bridge was designated a Grade II listed structure in 1981. For over 600 years (at least 1129-1729), the nearest Thames bridge to London Bridge was at Kingston. From late Tudor times congestion in trading hours at London Bridge (for road goods and carriages from Kent, Essex, much of Surrey, Middle sex and beyond) often amounted to more than an hour. A bridge at Westminster was proposed in 1664, but opposed by the Corporation of London and the watermen. Further opposition held sway in 1722. However an intervening bridge (albeit in timber) was built at Putney in 1729 and the scheme received parliamentary approval in 1736. Financed by private capital, lotteries and grants, Westminster Bridge was built between 1739–1750, under the supervision of the Swiss engineer Charles Labelye. The bridge opened on 18 November 1750. The City of London responded to Westminster Bridge and the population growth by removing the buildings on London Bridge and widening it in 1760–63. With Putney Bridge, the bridge paved the way for four others within three decades: Blackfriars Bridge (1769, built by the City), Kew Bridge (1759), Battersea Bridge (1773), and Richmond Bridge (1777) by which date roads and vehicles were improved and fewer regular goods transported by water.The bridge assisted the expanding West End to the developing South London as well as goods and carriages from the more estuarine counties and the East Sussex and Kentish ports. Without the bridge, traffic to/from the greater West End would have to negotiate streets often as congested as London Bridge, principally the Strand/Fleet Street and New Oxford Street/Holborn. Roads on both sides of the river were also built and improved, including Charing Cross Road and around the Elephant & Castle in Southwark.By the mid–19th century the bridge was subsiding badly and expensive to maintain. The current bridge was designed by Thomas Page and opened on 24 May 1862. With a length of 820 feet (250 m) and a width of 85 feet (26 m), it is a seven-arch, cast-iron bridge with Gothic detailing by Charles Barry (the architect of the Palace of Westminster). Since the removal Rennie’s New London Bridge in 1967 it is the oldest road structure which crosses the Thames in central London.On 22 March 2017, a terrorist attack started on the bridge and continued into Bridge Street and Old Palace Yard. Five people – three pedestrians, one police officer, and the attacker – died as a result of the incident. A colleague of the officer (who was stationed nearby) was armed and shot the attacker. More than 50 people were injured. An investigation is ongoing by the Metropolitan Police. 6. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
答案: Westminster Bridge underwent a complete refurbishment in 2005-2007.
7、 4. Waterloo BridgeWaterloo Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and Hungerford Bridge. Its name commemorates the victory of the British, Dutch and Prussians at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Thanks to its location at a strategic bend in the river, the views from the bridge (of Westminster, the South Bank and the London Eye to the west, and of the City of London and Canary Wharf to the east) are widely held to be the finest from any spot in London at ground level.The first bridge on the site was designed in 1809–10 by John Rennie for the Strand Bridge Company and opened in 1817 as a toll bridge. The granite bridge had nine arches, each of 120 feet (36.6 m) span, separated by double Doric stone columns, and was 2,456 feet (748.6 m) long, including approaches–1,240 feet (378.0 m) between abutments–and 42 feet (12.8 m) wide between the parapets. Before its opening it was known as the Strand Bridge.During the 1840s the bridge gained a reputation as a popular place for suicide attempts. In 1841 the American daredevil Samuel Gilbert Scott was killed while performing an act in which he hung by a rope from a scaffold on the bridge. In 1844 Thomas Hood wrote the poem “The Bridge of Sighs”, which concerns the suicide of a prostitute there.Paintings of the bridge were created by the French Impressionist Claude Monet and the English Romantic John Constable. The bridge was nationalized in 1878 and placed under the control of the Metropolitan Board of Works, which removed the toll from it. Michael Faraday tried in 1832 to measure the potential difference between each side of the bridge caused by the ebbing salt water flowing through the Earth’s magnetic field. See magnetohydrodynamics. From 1884 serious problems were found in Rennie’s bridge piers, after scour from the increased river flow after Old London Bridge was demolished damaged their foundations. By the 1920s the problems had increased, and settlement at pier five necessitated the closure of the whole bridge while some heavy superstructure was removed and temporary reinforcements were put in place.In the 1930s London County Council decided to demolish the bridge and replace it with a new structure designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. The engineers were Ernest Buckton and John Cuerel of Rendel Palmer & Tritton. The project was placed on hold due to the Second World War. Scott, by his own admission, was no engineer and his design, with reinforced concrete beams (illustrated) under the footways, leaving the road to be supported by transverse slabs, was difficult to implement. The pairs of spans on each side of the river were supported by beams continuous over their piers, and these were cantilevered out at their ends to support the centre span and the short approach slabs at the banks. The beams were shaped “to look as much like arches as … beams can”. They are clad in Portland stone, which is cleaned by rain.[9] To guard against the possibility of further subsidence from scour each pier was given a number of jacks that can be used to level the structure.The new bridge was partially opened on Tuesday 11 March 1942 and “officially opened” in September 1942. However, it was not fully completed until 1945. It is the only Thames bridge to have been damaged by German bombers during the Second World War. The building contractor was Peter Lind & Company Limited. It is frequently asserted that the work force was largely female and it is sometimes referred to as “the Ladies’ Bridge”. Georgi Markov, a Bulgarian dissident, was assassinated on Waterloo Bridge on 7 September 1978 by agents of the Bulgarian secret police, the Committee for State Security, possibly assisted by the Soviet security agency, the KGB.In 1925, a temporary steel framework was built on top of the existing bridge and then placed next to it for the use of southbound vehicles (the postcard image shows this, and the settlement especially to the left of the fifth pier). 7.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
答案: The name of Waterloo Bridge commemorates the victory of the British, Dutch and Prussians at the Battle of Waterloo
8、 4. Waterloo BridgeWaterloo Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and Hungerford Bridge. Its name commemorates the victory of the British, Dutch and Prussians at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Thanks to its location at a strategic bend in the river, the views from the bridge (of Westminster, the South Bank and the London Eye to the west, and of the City of London and Canary Wharf to the east) are widely held to be the finest from any spot in London at ground level.The first bridge on the site was designed in 1809–10 by John Rennie for the Strand Bridge Company and opened in 1817 as a toll bridge. The granite bridge had nine arches, each of 120 feet (36.6 m) span, separated by double Doric stone columns, and was 2,456 feet (748.6 m) long, including approaches–1,240 feet (378.0 m) between abutments–and 42 feet (12.8 m) wide between the parapets. Before its opening it was known as the Strand Bridge.During the 1840s the bridge gained a reputation as a popular place for suicide attempts. In 1841 the American daredevil Samuel Gilbert Scott was killed while performing an act in which he hung by a rope from a scaffold on the bridge. In 1844 Thomas Hood wrote the poem “The Bridge of Sighs”, which concerns the suicide of a prostitute there.Paintings of the bridge were created by the French Impressionist Claude Monet and the English Romantic John Constable. The bridge was nationalized in 1878 and placed under the control of the Metropolitan Board of Works, which removed the toll from it. Michael Faraday tried in 1832 to measure the potential difference between each side of the bridge caused by the ebbing salt water flowing through the Earth’s magnetic field. See magnetohydrodynamics. From 1884 serious problems were found in Rennie’s bridge piers, after scour from the increased river flow after Old London Bridge was demolished damaged their foundations. By the 1920s the problems had increased, and settlement at pier five necessitated the closure of the whole bridge while some heavy superstructure was removed and temporary reinforcements were put in place.In the 1930s London County Council decided to demolish the bridge and replace it with a new structure designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. The engineers were Ernest Buckton and John Cuerel of Rendel Palmer & Tritton. The project was placed on hold due to the Second World War. Scott, by his own admission, was no engineer and his design, with reinforced concrete beams (illustrated) under the footways, leaving the road to be supported by transverse slabs, was difficult to implement. The pairs of spans on each side of the river were supported by beams continuous over their piers, and these were cantilevered out at their ends to support the centre span and the short approach slabs at the banks. The beams were shaped “to look as much like arches as … beams can”. They are clad in Portland stone, which is cleaned by rain.[9] To guard against the possibility of further subsidence from scour each pier was given a number of jacks that can be used to level the structure.The new bridge was partially opened on Tuesday 11 March 1942 and “officially opened” in September 1942. However, it was not fully completed until 1945. It is the only Thames bridge to have been damaged by German bombers during the Second World War. The building contractor was Peter Lind & Company Limited. It is frequently asserted that the work force was largely female and it is sometimes referred to as “the Ladies’ Bridge”. Georgi Markov, a Bulgarian dissident, was assassinated on Waterloo Bridge on 7 September 1978 by agents of the Bulgarian secret police, the Committee for State Security, possibly assisted by the Soviet security agency, the KGB.In 1925, a temporary steel framework was built on top of the existing bridge and then placed next to it for the use of southbound vehicles (the postcard image shows this, and the settlement especially to the left of the fifth pier). 8. The underlined word in paragraph 5 can be replaced by ______.
答案: Destroy.
9、 5. Poet LaureateshipThe origins of the poet laureateship date back to 1616 when James I of England granted a pension to the writer Ben Jonson. Although there were subsequent court poets it was not until 1668, and the appointment of John Dryden by Charles II, that the post was made an established royal office within the royal household.Dryden, who had been appointed following the success of his 1667 poem Annus Mirabilis, was dismissed from office in 1689 following the accession of the Protestant William III and Mary II to the throne. Dryden, a Catholic convert, refused to take the Oath of Allegiance to the new monarchs and he was dismissed from the laureateship—the only holder to have been removed from office.Dryden’s successor, Thomas Shadwell, was appointed in 1689 for life. He introduced the custom of producing poems for the new year and the monarch’s birthday, which became one of the key duties of the position. After the appointment of William Wordsworth in 1843 the duties settled into an expectation, not requirement, for major court and national occasions. Alfred, Lord Tennyson held the post between November 1850 and October 1892. According to Andrew Motion and Hilary Laurie, Tennyson “gave the poet laureateship new status and significance” with works such as “Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington” and “The Charge of the Light Brigade”. On his death the post was left vacant as a mark of respect; a new laureate was not appointed until four years later, with the appointment of Alfred Austin in January 1896. As at 2015 the position is an honorary one, and the office holder is left to decide on which occasions they will produce poetry.Following Dryden’ s dismissal from the post, the laureateship was held for life by all successors until Motion was appointed in 1999 for a fixed term of ten years; his successor, Carol Ann Duffy, was also appointed on the same fixed term. Duffy is the first female poet to hold the role, and the first Scot.After Shadwell’s selection the laureate was appointed by the Lord Chamberlain, on the monarch’s instructions. Since the appointment of Henry James Pye in 1790, the Prime Minister has recommended which candidate to appoint. For the appointment of Duffy the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) undertook a consultation of academics and literary organizations to draw up a short list of recommendations which they presented to the Prime Minister. He, in conjunction with the Cabinet Office, then submitted the name to the Queen for approval.Dryden’s salary for the laureateship was ￡200 per year. In 1630 Charles I added an annual “butt of Canary wine”, although this was later discontinued in place of the monetary equivalent. When John Betjeman was appointed, he rekindled the tradition, and received 720 bottles of sherry; as at 2015 this practice continues. Since Motion’s appointment the DCMS provided an annual honorarium of ￡5,750; Motion also received an additional ￡19,000 for his work in education. With Duffy’s appointment, the salary returned to ￡5,750 and the barrel of sherry. 9. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph one
答案: Fired.
10、 5. Poet LaureateshipThe origins of the poet laureateship date back to 1616 when James I of England granted a pension to the writer Ben Jonson. Although there were subsequent court poets it was not until 1668, and the appointment of John Dryden by Charles II, that the post was made an established royal office within the royal household.Dryden, who had been appointed following the success of his 1667 poem Annus Mirabilis, was dismissed from office in 1689 following the accession of the Protestant William III and Mary II to the throne. Dryden, a Catholic convert, refused to take the Oath of Allegiance to the new monarchs and he was dismissed from the laureateship—the only holder to have been removed from office.Dryden’s successor, Thomas Shadwell, was appointed in 1689 for life. He introduced the custom of producing poems for the new year and the monarch’s birthday, which became one of the key duties of the position. After the appointment of William Wordsworth in 1843 the duties settled into an expectation, not requirement, for major court and national occasions. Alfred, Lord Tennyson held the post between November 1850 and October 1892. According to Andrew Motion and Hilary Laurie, Tennyson “gave the poet laureateship new status and significance” with works such as “Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington” and “The Charge of the Light Brigade”. On his death the post was left vacant as a mark of respect; a new laureate was not appointed until four years later, with the appointment of Alfred Austin in January 1896. As at 2015 the position is an honorary one, and the office holder is left to decide on which occasions they will produce poetry.Following Dryden’ s dismissal from the post, the laureateship was held for life by all successors until Motion was appointed in 1999 for a fixed term of ten years; his successor, Carol Ann Duffy, was also appointed on the same fixed term. Duffy is the first female poet to hold the role, and the first Scot.After Shadwell’s selection the laureate was appointed by the Lord Chamberlain, on the monarch’s instructions. Since the appointment of Henry James Pye in 1790, the Prime Minister has recommended which candidate to appoint. For the appointment of Duffy the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) undertook a consultation of academics and literary organizations to draw up a short list of recommendations which they presented to the Prime Minister. He, in conjunction with the Cabinet Office, then submitted the name to the Queen for approval.Dryden’s salary for the laureateship was ￡200 per year. In 1630 Charles I added an annual “butt of Canary wine”, although this was later discontinued in place of the monetary equivalent. When John Betjeman was appointed, he rekindled the tradition, and received 720 bottles of sherry; as at 2015 this practice continues. Since Motion’s appointment the DCMS provided an annual honorarium of ￡5,750; Motion also received an additional ￡19,000 for his work in education. With Duffy’s appointment, the salary returned to ￡5,750 and the barrel of sherry. 10.Which of the following statements about John Dryden is true
答案: He earned ￡200 annually for his laureateship.
11、 6.Westminster AbbeyThis magnificent and world-famous building is England’s most important church and has been the site of every coronation（加冕礼）since that of William The Conqueror in 1066. It was here fifty years ago, on June 2nd 1953 that Queen Elizabeth II was crowned.Founded as a Benedictine monastery（修道院） over a thousand years ago, the Church was rebuilt by Edward the Confessor in 1065 and again by Henry III between 1220 and 1272 and is renowned worldwide as an architectural Gothic masterpiece.Situated in the grounds of a former Benedictine monastery, it was re-founded as the Collegiate Church of St. Peter in Westminster by Queen Elizabeth I in 1560.Known as the ‘House of Kings’, until 1760 the Abbey was the final resting place of 17 monarchs, including Elizabeth I and Mary I.Many monarchs chose to be buried close to the shrine（圣陵） of Edward the Confessor, whose death in 1065 led to the invasion and conquest of England by William the Conqueror. The bones of Edward the Confessor still lie in his Shrine behind the High Altar.The Abbey is packed with tablets, statues and inscriptions commemorating kings, queens, knights, writers, actors, musicians, scientists and statesmen, not all of whom are buried in the Abbey. Some famous people buried here include the poets Chaucer, Tennyson and Browning, as well as the writers Charles Dickens and Rudyard Kipling. The Abbey is also home to the tomb of the Unknown Soldier. It is believed that there are around 3,300 people buried in the Church and Cloisters.One person commemorated in Westminster Abbey is Thomas Parr who lived for 152 years and 9 months through the reigns of ten monarchs. He was buried in the Abbey by order of King Charles I.One interesting plaque（匾额） is that to the memory of Francis Ligonier who rose from his sick bed to confront the enemy at the Battle of Falkirk in 1785. He survived the battle only to succumb to the disease shortly afterwards.The Abbey has not only been the setting for Coronations, it has also witnessed numerous other royal occasions such as state weddings and funerals, including the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997.Services have been held at the site for more than a thousand years and Westminster Abbey still offers worship every day of the year.It stands just west of the Houses of Parliament in the Greater London borough of Westminster.For a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of everyday life in the Capital, stroll through Liddell’s Arch into Little Deans Yard, (the square behind the Abbey by Westminster School) or pause for reflection in the cloisters.11.You can learn from the passage that Westminster Abbey is a particular setting for the following activities except _____.
答案: official speeches
12、 6.Westminster AbbeyThis magnificent and world-famous building is England’s most important church and has been the site of every coronation（加冕礼）since that of William The Conqueror in 1066. It was here fifty years ago, on June 2nd 1953 that Queen Elizabeth II was crowned.Founded as a Benedictine monastery（修道院） over a thousand years ago, the Church was rebuilt by Edward the Confessor in 1065 and again by Henry III between 1220 and 1272 and is renowned worldwide as an architectural Gothic masterpiece.Situated in the grounds of a former Benedictine monastery, it was re-founded as the Collegiate Church of St. Peter in Westminster by Queen Elizabeth I in 1560.Known as the ‘House of Kings’, until 1760 the Abbey was the final resting place of 17 monarchs, including Elizabeth I and Mary I.Many monarchs chose to be buried close to the shrine（圣陵） of Edward the Confessor, whose death in 1065 led to the invasion and conquest of England by William the Conqueror. The bones of Edward the Confessor still lie in his Shrine behind the High Altar.The Abbey is packed with tablets, statues and inscriptions commemorating kings, queens, knights, writers, actors, musicians, scientists and statesmen, not all of whom are buried in the Abbey. Some famous people buried here include the poets Chaucer, Tennyson and Browning, as well as the writers Charles Dickens and Rudyard Kipling. The Abbey is also home to the tomb of the Unknown Soldier. It is believed that there are around 3,300 people buried in the Church and Cloisters.One person commemorated in Westminster Abbey is Thomas Parr who lived for 152 years and 9 months through the reigns of ten monarchs. He was buried in the Abbey by order of King Charles I.One interesting plaque（匾额） is that to the memory of Francis Ligonier who rose from his sick bed to confront the enemy at the Battle of Falkirk in 1785. He survived the battle only to succumb to the disease shortly afterwards.The Abbey has not only been the setting for Coronations, it has also witnessed numerous other royal occasions such as state weddings and funerals, including the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997.Services have been held at the site for more than a thousand years and Westminster Abbey still offers worship every day of the year.It stands just west of the Houses of Parliament in the Greater London borough of Westminster.For a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of everyday life in the Capital, stroll through Liddell’s Arch into Little Deans Yard, (the square behind the Abbey by Westminster School) or pause for reflection in the cloisters.12.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
答案: The Abbey is hustle and bustle everywhere every day.
13、 7.Poets’ CornerPoets’ Corner is the name traditionally given to a section of the South Transept of Westminster Abbey because of the high number of poets, playwrights, and writers buried and commemorated there. It is a place of pilgrimage for literature lovers. There, over 100 poets and writers are buried or have memorials. Many like William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters and Charles Dickens are famous worldwide.The first poet interred in Poets’ Corner was Geoffrey Chaucer. Over the centuries, a tradition has grown up of interring or memorialising people there in recognition of their contribution to British culture. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the honour is awarded to writers.Burial or commemoration in the Abbey does not always occur at or soon after the time of death. Lord Byron, for example, whose poetry was admired but who maintained a scandalous lifestyle, died in 1824 but was not given a memorial until 1969. Even William Shakespeare, buried at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1616, was not honoured with a monument until 1740 when one designed by William Kent was constructed in Poets’ Corner (though shortly after Shakespeare’s death William Basse had suggested Shakespeare should be buried there.) The memorials can take several forms. Some are stone slabs set in the floor with a name and inscription carved on them, while others are more elaborate and carved stone monuments, or hanging stone tablets, or memorial busts. Some are commemorated in groups, such as the joint memorial for the Bront sisters (commissioned in 1939, but not unveiled until 1947 due to the war), the sixteen First World War poets inscribed on a stone floor slab and unveiled in 1985, and the four founders of the Royal Ballet, commemorated together in 2009.As floor and wall space began to run out, the decision was taken to install a stained glass memorial window (unveiled in 1994 in memory of Edward Horton Hubbard), and it is here that new names are added in the form of inscribed panes of glass. There is room for 20 names, and currently (early 2010) there are six names on this window, with a new entry (Elizabeth Gaskell) unveiled on 25 September 2010.13._____ was not commemorated in groups in the Abbey.
答案: Jane Austen
14、 7.Poets’ CornerPoets’ Corner is the name traditionally given to a section of the South Transept of Westminster Abbey because of the high number of poets, playwrights, and writers buried and commemorated there. It is a place of pilgrimage for literature lovers. There, over 100 poets and writers are buried or have memorials. Many like William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters and Charles Dickens are famous worldwide.The first poet interred in Poets’ Corner was Geoffrey Chaucer. Over the centuries, a tradition has grown up of interring or memorialising people there in recognition of their contribution to British culture. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the honour is awarded to writers.Burial or commemoration in the Abbey does not always occur at or soon after the time of death. Lord Byron, for example, whose poetry was admired but who maintained a scandalous lifestyle, died in 1824 but was not given a memorial until 1969. Even William Shakespeare, buried at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1616, was not honoured with a monument until 1740 when one designed by William Kent was constructed in Poets’ Corner (though shortly after Shakespeare’s death William Basse had suggested Shakespeare should be buried there.) The memorials can take several forms. Some are stone slabs set in the floor with a name and inscription carved on them, while others are more elaborate and carved stone monuments, or hanging stone tablets, or memorial busts. Some are commemorated in groups, such as the joint memorial for the Bront sisters (commissioned in 1939, but not unveiled until 1947 due to the war), the sixteen First World War poets inscribed on a stone floor slab and unveiled in 1985, and the four founders of the Royal Ballet, commemorated together in 2009.As floor and wall space began to run out, the decision was taken to install a stained glass memorial window (unveiled in 1994 in memory of Edward Horton Hubbard), and it is here that new names are added in the form of inscribed panes of glass. There is room for 20 names, and currently (early 2010) there are six names on this window, with a new entry (Elizabeth Gaskell) unveiled on 25 September 2010.14.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to this passage
答案: William Shakespeare was buried in Poets’ Corner shortly after his death.
15、 8.The London EyeThe London Eye is a cantilevered(带悬臂的) observation wheel on the South Bank of the River Thames in London. It is Europe’s tallest cantilevered observation wheel, and is the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom with over 3.75 million visitors annually, and has made many appearances in popular culture. Sir Richard Rogers, winner of the 2007 Pritzker Architecture Prize, wrote of the London Eye in a book about the project: The Eye has done for London what the Eiffel Tower did for Paris, which is to give it a symbol and to let people climb above the city and look back down on it. Not just specialists or rich people, but everybody. That’s the beauty of it: it is public and accessible, and it is in a great position at the heart of London.The structure is 135 metres (443 ft) tall and the wheel has a diameter of 120 metres (394 ft). When it opened to the public in 2000 it was the world’s tallest Ferris wheel. Its height was surpassed by the 160-metre (525 ft) Star of Nanchang in 2006, the 165-metre (541 ft) Singapore Flyer in 2008, and the 167-metre-tall (547.9 ft) High Roller (Las Vegas) in 2014. Supported by an A-frame on one side only, unlike the taller Nanchang and Singapore wheels, the Eye is described by its operators as “the world’s tallest cantilevered observation wheel”. The London Eye used to offer the highest public viewing point in London until it was superseded by the 245-metre-high (804 ft) observation deck on the 72nd floor of The Shard, which opened to the public on 1 February 2013.The London Eye was formally opened by the Prime Minister Tony Blair on 31 December 1999, but did not open to the paying public until 9 March 2000 because of a capsule clutch problem. The London Eye was originally intended as a temporary attraction, with a five-year lease. In December 2001, operators submitted an application to Lambeth Council to give the London Eye permanent status, and the application was granted in July 2002. On 5 June 2008 it was announced that 30 million people had ridden the London Eye since it opened.The wheel’s 32 sealed and air-conditioned ovoidal passenger capsules(胶囊；舱), designed and supplied by Poma, are attached to the external circumference of the wheel and rotated by electric motors. The capsules are numbered from 1 to 33, excluding number 13 for superstitious reasons. Each of the 10-tonne (11-short-ton) capsules represents one of the London Boroughs, and holds up to 25 people, who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided. The wheel rotates at 26 cm (10 in) per second (about 0.9 km/h or 0.6 mph) so that one revolution takes about 30 minutes. It does not usually stop to take on passengers; the rotation rate is slow enough to allow passengers to walk on and off the moving capsules at ground level. It is, however, stopped to allow disabled or elderly passengers time to embark and disembark safely. On 2 June 2013 a passenger capsule was named the Coronation Capsule to mark the sixtieth anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.15.Which one of the following is NOT TRUE
答案: The London Eye is the world’s tallest Ferris wheel.
16、 8.The London EyeThe London Eye is a cantilevered(带悬臂的) observation wheel on the South Bank of the River Thames in London. It is Europe’s tallest cantilevered observation wheel, and is the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom with over 3.75 million visitors annually, and has made many appearances in popular culture. Sir Richard Rogers, winner of the 2007 Pritzker Architecture Prize, wrote of the London Eye in a book about the project: The Eye has done for London what the Eiffel Tower did for Paris, which is to give it a symbol and to let people climb above the city and look back down on it. Not just specialists or rich people, but everybody. That’s the beauty of it: it is public and accessible, and it is in a great position at the heart of London.The structure is 135 metres (443 ft) tall and the wheel has a diameter of 120 metres (394 ft). When it opened to the public in 2000 it was the world’s tallest Ferris wheel. Its height was surpassed by the 160-metre (525 ft) Star of Nanchang in 2006, the 165-metre (541 ft) Singapore Flyer in 2008, and the 167-metre-tall (547.9 ft) High Roller (Las Vegas) in 2014. Supported by an A-frame on one side only, unlike the taller Nanchang and Singapore wheels, the Eye is described by its operators as “the world’s tallest cantilevered observation wheel”. The London Eye used to offer the highest public viewing point in London until it was superseded by the 245-metre-high (804 ft) observation deck on the 72nd floor of The Shard, which opened to the public on 1 February 2013.The London Eye was formally opened by the Prime Minister Tony Blair on 31 December 1999, but did not open to the paying public until 9 March 2000 because of a capsule clutch problem. The London Eye was originally intended as a temporary attraction, with a five-year lease. In December 2001, operators submitted an application to Lambeth Council to give the London Eye permanent status, and the application was granted in July 2002. On 5 June 2008 it was announced that 30 million people had ridden the London Eye since it opened.The wheel’s 32 sealed and air-conditioned ovoidal passenger capsules(胶囊；舱), designed and supplied by Poma, are attached to the external circumference of the wheel and rotated by electric motors. The capsules are numbered from 1 to 33, excluding number 13 for superstitious reasons. Each of the 10-tonne (11-short-ton) capsules represents one of the London Boroughs, and holds up to 25 people, who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided. The wheel rotates at 26 cm (10 in) per second (about 0.9 km/h or 0.6 mph) so that one revolution takes about 30 minutes. It does not usually stop to take on passengers; the rotation rate is slow enough to allow passengers to walk on and off the moving capsules at ground level. It is, however, stopped to allow disabled or elderly passengers time to embark and disembark safely. On 2 June 2013 a passenger capsule was named the Coronation Capsule to mark the sixtieth anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.16.How many capsules are there on the wheel
答案: 32
17、 9.Big BenBig Ben is the nickname for the Great Bell of the striking clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and is usually extended to refer to both the clock and the clock tower. The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower, but it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.The tower was designed by Augustus Pugin in a neo-Gothic style. When completed in 1859, its clock was the largest and most accurate four-faced striking and chiming clock in the world. The tower stands 315 feet (96 m) tall, and the climb from ground level to the belfry is 334 steps. Its base is square, measuring 39 feet (12 m) on each side. Dials of the clock are 23 feet (7.0 m) in diameter. On 31 May 2009, celebrations were held to mark the tower’s 150th anniversary.Big Ben is the largest of the tower’s five bells and weighs 13.5 long tons (13.7 tonnes; 15.1 short tons). It was the largest bell in the United Kingdom for 23 years. The origin of the bell’s nickname is open to question; it may be named after Sir Benjamin Hall, who oversaw its installation, or heavyweight boxing champion Benjamin Caunt. Four quarter bells chime at 15, 30 and 45 minutes past the hour and just before Big Ben tolls on the hour. The clock uses its original Victorian mechanism, but an electric motor can be used as a backup.The tower is a British cultural icon recognised all over the world. It is one of the most prominent symbols of the United Kingdom and parliamentary democracy, and it is often used in the establishing shot of films set in London. The clock tower has been part of a Grade I listed building since 1970 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. In 2008, a survey of 2,000 people found that the tower was the most popular landmark in the United Kingdom. When a television or film-maker wishes to indicate a generic location in the country, a popular way to do so is to show an image of the tower, often with a red double-decker bus or black cab in the foreground. The sound of the clock chiming has also been used this way in audio media, but as the Westminster Quarters are heard from other clocks and other devices, the sound is by no means unique. Big Ben is a focal point of New Year celebrations in the United Kingdom, with radio and television stations airing its chimes to welcome the start of the New Year.On 21 August 2017, a four-year schedule of renovation works began on the tower, which are to include the addition of a lift. There are also plans to re-glaze and repaint the clock dials. With a few exceptions, such as New Year’s Eve and Remembrance Sunday, the bells are to be silent until the work is completed in 2021.17.Which one of the following is NOT TRUE
答案: The bells will be totally silent until 2021 because of the renovation.
18、 9.Big BenBig Ben is the nickname for the Great Bell of the striking clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and is usually extended to refer to both the clock and the clock tower. The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower, but it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.The tower was designed by Augustus Pugin in a neo-Gothic style. When completed in 1859, its clock was the largest and most accurate four-faced striking and chiming clock in the world. The tower stands 315 feet (96 m) tall, and the climb from ground level to the belfry is 334 steps. Its base is square, measuring 39 feet (12 m) on each side. Dials of the clock are 23 feet (7.0 m) in diameter. On 31 May 2009, celebrations were held to mark the tower’s 150th anniversary.Big Ben is the largest of the tower’s five bells and weighs 13.5 long tons (13.7 tonnes; 15.1 short tons). It was the largest bell in the United Kingdom for 23 years. The origin of the bell’s nickname is open to question; it may be named after Sir Benjamin Hall, who oversaw its installation, or heavyweight boxing champion Benjamin Caunt. Four quarter bells chime at 15, 30 and 45 minutes past the hour and just before Big Ben tolls on the hour. The clock uses its original Victorian mechanism, but an electric motor can be used as a backup.The tower is a British cultural icon recognised all over the world. It is one of the most prominent symbols of the United Kingdom and parliamentary democracy, and it is often used in the establishing shot of films set in London. The clock tower has been part of a Grade I listed building since 1970 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. In 2008, a survey of 2,000 people found that the tower was the most popular landmark in the United Kingdom. When a television or film-maker wishes to indicate a generic location in the country, a popular way to do so is to show an image of the tower, often with a red double-decker bus or black cab in the foreground. The sound of the clock chiming has also been used this way in audio media, but as the Westminster Quarters are heard from other clocks and other devices, the sound is by no means unique. Big Ben is a focal point of New Year celebrations in the United Kingdom, with radio and television stations airing its chimes to welcome the start of the New Year.On 21 August 2017, a four-year schedule of renovation works began on the tower, which are to include the addition of a lift. There are also plans to re-glaze and repaint the clock dials. With a few exceptions, such as New Year’s Eve and Remembrance Sunday, the bells are to be silent until the work is completed in 2021.18.Which is the present official name of the location of the Great Bell
答案: Elizabeth Tower
19、 10.London BridgeLondon Bridge is not the one you’re probably thinking of, that’s Tower Bridge. London Bridge is actually pretty subtle as far as London’s bridges go, it’s low slung（吊挂） and there are no fancy towers. But there’s always been a bridge between Southwark and the City of London dating back as far as the Romans.Between Southwark and the City of London on the north shore the river estuary is much shallower so this was a natural place for the Romans to build a bridge to consolidate their new city, Londinium, which was where the City of London is now. When London declined after the Romans left, the river went back to being a natural border between the Anglo Saxon regions of Mercia and Wessex.A stone bridge was erected in the 12th century – it took 33 years to build and had a chapel （小教堂）dedicated to Thomas Beckett, the Archbishop of Canterbury, placed in the centre. It was from here that pilgrims would set off for Canterbury cathedral. Originally it would have had a drawbridge（开合桥） to let ships through and shops existed on the bridge, which caught fire several times before the Great Fire of London. Several parts of the bridge collapsed over the years, leading to the famous nursery rhyme, “London Bridge is Falling Down”.“London Bridge is Falling Down”is a popular English nursery rhyme. The origins of rhyme likely date back to the Middle Ages or beyond, the song really became popular in the mid 18th century, when the lyrics were first printed in the form we know today. There are many different versions found throughout the world. The most common American version of the rhyme goes a little something like this: London Bridge is falling down,Falling down, falling down.London Bridge is falling down,My fair lady. By the 16th century, structures shot up from the bridge seven stories high and crossing it in peak periods could take an hour. It was crowded, dangerous and smelly. Traitors and outlaws’ heads would be put on pikes at either end.In 1799 the King decided to replace the ancient bridge and hosted a competition for new designs. Built by John Rennie the new bridge was opened in 1831 by King William IV but by 1896 it was back to being the most congested place in London, with over 8,000 pedestrians using it per hour. Thirty years later it started to sink.The bridge was sold to an American in 1968 for $2,460,000 who moved it piece by piece to Arizona and had it rebuilt. Today’s low key London Bridge was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1983 and uses pre-stressed concrete girders.19.Which one of the following is NOT TRUE according to this passage
答案: The most common version of the song“London Bridge is Falling Down”is a British version
20、 10.London BridgeLondon Bridge is not the one you’re probably thinking of, that’s Tower Bridge. London Bridge is actually pretty subtle as far as London’s bridges go, it’s low slung（吊挂） and there are no fancy towers. But there’s always been a bridge between Southwark and the City of London dating back as far as the Romans.Between Southwark and the City of London on the north shore the river estuary is much shallower so this was a natural place for the Romans to build a bridge to consolidate their new city, Londinium, which was where the City of London is now. When London declined after the Romans left, the river went back to being a natural border between the Anglo Saxon regions of Mercia and Wessex.A stone bridge was erected in the 12th century – it took 33 years to build and had a chapel （小教堂）dedicated to Thomas Beckett, the Archbishop of Canterbury, placed in the centre. It was from here that pilgrims would set off for Canterbury cathedral. Originally it would have had a drawbridge（开合桥） to let ships through and shops existed on the bridge, which caught fire several times before the Great Fire of London. Several parts of the bridge collapsed over the years, leading to the famous nursery rhyme, “London Bridge is Falling Down”.“London Bridge is Falling Down”is a popular English nursery rhyme. The origins of rhyme likely date back to the Middle Ages or beyond, the song really became popular in the mid 18th century, when the lyrics were first printed in the form we know today. There are many different versions found throughout the world. The most common American version of the rhyme goes a little something like this: London Bridge is falling down,Falling down, falling down.London Bridge is falling down,My fair lady. By the 16th century, structures shot up from the bridge seven stories high and crossing it in peak periods could take an hour. It was crowded, dangerous and smelly. Traitors and outlaws’ heads would be put on pikes at either end.In 1799 the King decided to replace the ancient bridge and hosted a competition for new designs. Built by John Rennie the new bridge was opened in 1831 by King William IV but by 1896 it was back to being the most congested place in London, with over 8,000 pedestrians using it per hour. Thirty years later it started to sink.The bridge was sold to an American in 1968 for $2,460,000 who moved it piece by piece to Arizona and had it rebuilt. Today’s low key London Bridge was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1983 and uses pre-stressed concrete girders.20.According to this passage, London Bridge may give readers the impressions except _____.
答案: Being tidy
第五、六周 6.3 第六单元词汇测验
1、 The author dedicated the book to his son.
答案: ascribed
2、 The employer dictated the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in shorthand.
答案: spoke
3、 Hitler was one of the most feared dictators of modern history.
答案: tyrants
4、 Several contradictory suggestions were made.
答案: differing
5、 Tom’s prediction that there would be an earthquake dismayed his friends.
答案: prophecy
6、 After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered their verdict.
答案: decision
7、 The fear of smallpox, which terrorized the eighteenth century, has no analogy today.
答案: parallel
8、 The library has a catalogue of its books, arranged in alphabetical order.
答案: a list
9、 A man who is eloquent is the one we should get to give the welcoming address.
答案: a good speaker
10、 The audience clamoured for the show to begin.
答案: called out
11、 The president proclaimed a national holiday for the event.
答案: announced
12、 “What!” he exclaimed, “are you leaving without me”
答案: shouted
13、 He received world-wide acclaim for landing on the moon.
答案: praise
14、 The forest range is an advocate of environment protection laws.
答案: a champion
15、 She was extremely vocal about her dislike of the plan.
答案: outspoken
16、 Early in life she chose nursing as her vocation.
答案: profession
17、 His lecture provoked an interesting discussion.
答案: caused
18、 His employer appeared to be in such an affable mood that Tom decided to ask for a rise.
答案: agreeable
19、 The speaker is going to tell us his fabulous adventures on the moon.
答案: incredible
20、 Aesop’s Fables is one of the most popular books among children.
答案: tales
第五、六周 6.4 第六单元阅读理解
1、 1. Prometheus and FireThere once lived a race of huge giants called Titans. These giants were fierce, violent, and lawless— fighting among themselves and against Zeus, the king of the gods. One of the Titans, Prometheus, was wiser than the rest. He often thought about what would be likely to happen in the future. One day, Prometheus said to his brother Titans, “What is the use of wasting so much strength In the end, wisdom and forethought will win. If we are going to fight against the gods, let us choose a leader and stop quarreling among ourselves.” The Titans answered him by throwing many rocks and uprooted trees. Prometheus, after escaping unhurt, said to his younger brother, “Epimetheus, we can do nothing among these Titans. If they keep on, they will tear the earth to pieces. Let us go and help Zeus to overcome them.” Epimetheus agreed to this, and the two brothers went over to Zeus, who called the gods together and began a terrible battle. The Titans tore up huge stones and cast them at the gods, while Zeus hurled his thunderbolts and his lightenings in all directions. Soon the sky was a sheet of flame, the sea boiled, the earth trembled, and the forests took fire and began to burn. At last the gods conquered the Titans with the help of Prometheus, who took the Titans to the ends of the earth, and kept them in a deep underground cavern. Neptune, the sea-god, made strong bronze gates with heavy bolts and bars to keep the giants down. And Zeus sent Briareus and his brothers, three giants who all have fifty heads and a hundred hands, to watch them. Only one of the Titan, Atlas,was not shut in this cavern. His power was greater than that of his brothers, while his character was less aggressive. He was made to stand and hold up the sky on his head and hands. As the Titans could now make no more trouble, there was peace and quiet on the earth. Nevertheless, Zeus said that, although the men who remained on the earth were not so strong as the Titans, they were foolish and evil. He declared that he would destroy them forever. When their king said this, none of the gods dared to say a word in defence of mankind. But Prometheus, the Titan, who was earth-born himself, and loved these men on the earth, bagged Zeus to let them go, that Zeus consented to do so. At this time, men lived in dark gloomy caves. Their friend, Prometheus taught them to build simple houses, which were much more comfortable than the caves had been. This was a great step forward. but men needed more help from the Titan. The beasts in the forests, and the great birds that build their nests on the rocks were strong; but men were weak. They had no weapon to defend himself from the cruel animals. Prometheus said that man should have Zeus’s wonderful flower of fire, which shone so brightly in the sky. So he took a hollow reed, went up to Olympus, stole the red flower of fire, and brought it down to earth in his reed. After this, all the other creatures were afraid of man, for this red flower had made him stronger. Man drug iron out of the earth and by the help of his new fire made weapons that were sharper than the lion’s teeth; he tamed the wild cattle by the fear of it, yoked them together, and taught them how to draw the plough; he sharpened strong stakes, hardening them in its heat, and set them around his house as a defence from his enemies; he did many other things besides with the red flower that Prometheus had made to blossom at the end of the reed. Zeus, sitting on his throne, saw with alarm how strong man was becoming. One day he discovered the theft of his shining red flower, and knew that Prometheus was the thief. He was greatly displeased with this act. “Prometheus loves man too well,” said he, “he shall be punished.” Then he called his two slaves, Strength and Force, and told them to take Prometheus and bind him fast to a great rock in the lonely Caucasian Mountains. At the same time he ordered Hephaestus to lock the Titan’s chains in a cunning(巧妙的) way that only Hephaestus knew. There Prometheus hung on the rock for hundreds of years. The sun shone on him pitilessly by day and only the kind night gave him shade. He heard the rushing wings of the seagulls, as they came to feed their young who cried from the rocks below. The sea nymphs floated up to his rock to give him their pity. An eagle, cruel as the king of the gods, came daily and tore him with his claws and beak(喙). But this frightful punishment did not last forever. Prometheus himself knew that some day he should be set free, and his knowledge made him strong to endure. At last the time came when Zeus’s throne was in danger, and Prometheus, pitying his enemy, told him a secret which helped him to make everything safe again. After this, Zeus sent Hercules to shoot the eagle and to break the Titan’s chains. So Prometheus was set free.1. Who made the strong bronze gates to keep the Titans down
答案: Neptune
2、 1. Prometheus and FireThere once lived a race of huge giants called Titans. These giants were fierce, violent, and lawless— fighting among themselves and against Zeus, the king of the gods.One of the Titans, Prometheus, was wiser than the rest. He often thought about what would be likely to happen in the future.One day, Prometheus said to his brother Titans, “What is the use of wasting so much strength In the end, wisdom and forethought will win. If we are going to fight against the gods, let us choose a leader and stop quarreling among ourselves.”The Titans answered him by throwing many rocks and uprooted trees.Prometheus, after escaping unhurt, said to his younger brother, “Epimetheus, we can do nothing among these Titans. If they keep on, they will tear the earth to pieces. Let us go and help Zeus to overcome them.”Epimetheus agreed to this, and the two brothers went over to Zeus, who called the gods together and began a terrible battle. The Titans tore up huge stones and cast them at the gods, while Zeus hurled his thunderbolts and his lightenings in all directions. Soon the sky was a sheet of flame, the sea boiled, the earth trembled, and the forests took fire and began to burn.At last the gods conquered the Titans with the help of Prometheus, who took the Titans to the ends of the earth, and kept them in a deep underground cavern. Neptune, the sea-god, made strong bronze gates with heavy bolts and bars to keep the giants down. And Zeus sent Briareus and his brothers, three giants who all have fifty heads and a hundred hands, to watch them.Only one of the Titan, Atlas,was not shut in this cavern. His power was greater than that of his brothers, while his character was less aggressive. He was made to stand and hold up the sky on his head and hands.As the Titans could now make no more trouble, there was peace and quiet on the earth. Nevertheless, Zeus said that, although the men who remained on the earth were not so strong as the Titans, they were foolish and evil. He declared that he would destroy them forever.When their king said this, none of the gods dared to say a word in defence of mankind. But Prometheus, the Titan, who was earth-born himself, and loved these men on the earth, bagged Zeus to let them go, that Zeus consented to do so.At this time, men lived in dark gloomy caves. Their friend, Prometheus taught them to build simple houses, which were much more comfortable than the caves had been. This was a great step forward. but men needed more help from the Titan. The beasts in the forests, and the great birds that build their nests on the rocks were strong; but men were weak. They had no weapon to defend himself from the cruel animals.Prometheus said that man should have Zeus’s wonderful flower of fire, which shone so brightly in the sky. So he took a hollow reed, went up to Olympus, stole the red flower of fire, and brought it down to earth in his reed. After this, all the other creatures were afraid of man, for this red flower had made him stronger. Man drug iron out of the earth and by the help of his new fire made weapons that were sharper than the lion’s teeth; he tamed the wild cattle by the fear of it, yoked them together, and taught them how to draw the plough; he sharpened strong stakes, hardening them in its heat, and set them around his house as a defence from his enemies; he did many other things besides with the red flower that Prometheus had made to blossom at the end of the reed.Zeus, sitting on his throne, saw with alarm how strong man was becoming. One day he discovered the theft of his shining red flower, and knew that Prometheus was the thief. He was greatly displeased with this act.”Prometheus loves man too well,” said he, “he shall be punished.” Then he called his two slaves, Strength and Force, and told them to take Prometheus and bind him fast to a great rock in the lonely Caucasian Mountains. At the same time he ordered Hephaestus to lock the Titan’s chains in a cunning(巧妙的) way that only Hephaestus knew.There Prometheus hung on the rock for hundreds of years. The sun shone on him pitilessly by day and only the kind night gave him shade. He heard the rushing wings of the seagulls, as they came to feed their young who cried from the rocks below. The sea nymphs floated up to his rock to give him their pity. An eagle, cruel as the king of the gods, came daily and tore him with his claws and beak(喙).But this frightful punishment did not last forever. Prometheus himself knew that some day he should be set free, and his knowledge made him strong to endure.At last the time came when Zeus’s throne was in danger, and Prometheus, pitying his enemy, told him a secret which helped him to make everything safe again. After this, Zeus sent Hercules to shoot the eagle and to break the Titan’s chains. So Prometheus was set free. 2. What did Prometheus used for holding the red flower of fire
答案: A hollow reed
3、 2. Apollo and DaphneApollo is the Greek god of music, poetry, art, the sun and a great warrior. When he first saw the god of love, Eros (Cupid), sat on the bank of the river playing with his bow and tiny arrows. As Apollo is also patron of archery, he mocked Eros,“What are you doing with powerful weapons, naughty boy ”He said,“That equipment of yours are fitting my shoulders. I am able to hurt and kill the wild animals and the enemies with them. I recently killed the swollen Python with countless arrows, the Python who was pressing down so many acres with his disease-bearing stomach! You will be content to provoke some loves by your fire, not to take away my honors.”The insulted Eros then prepared two arrows: one of gold and one of lead. He shot Apollo with the gold arrow, so the god has a passionate love for the river nymph Daphne. He shot Daphne with the lead arrow, making her a hatred for Apollo. Having taken after Apollo’s sister, Artemis (Diana), Daphne had looked down upon her many potential lovers, preferring instead woodland sports and exploring the forest. Due to her identity as an “aemula Phoebes” (female rival or emulator of Artemis), she had dedicated herself to perpetual virginity. Her father, the river god Peneus, demanded that she get married and give him grandchildren. She, however, begged her father to let her remain unmarried; he eventually complied.Apollo continually followed her, begging her to stay, but the nymph continued to reject him. They were evenly matched in the race until Eros intervened, helping Apollo catch up to Daphne. Seeing that Apollo was bound to reach her, she called upon her father, “Help me, Peneus! Open the earth to hide me, or change my form, which has brought me into this danger! Let me be free of this man from this moment forward!” Peneus answered her plea and “a heavy numbness seized her limbs; her soft breasts were surrounded by a thin bark, her hair changed into the foliage, her forearms changed into branches; her foot, just now swift, now clinged because of sluggish roots.” She was turned into a laurel tree.Apollo vowed to honor her forever: “Always my hair will have you, my lyres will have you, my quivers will have you, laurel tree. You will be present to two Latin places when the happy voice will sing a triumph and they will visit the great ceremonies at the Capitoline Hill.”Apollo also used his powers of eternal youth and immortality to render Daphne evergreen. For this reason, the leaves of the Bay laurel tree do not decay. 3. Who is Apollo’s sister
答案: Diana
4、 2. Apollo and DaphneApollo is the Greek god of music, poetry, art, the sun and a great warrior. When he first saw the god of love, Eros (Cupid), sat on the bank of the river playing with his bow and tiny arrows. As Apollo is also patron of archery, he mocked Eros,“What are you doing with powerful weapons, naughty boy ”He said,“That equipment of yours are fitting my shoulders. I am able to hurt and kill the wild animals and the enemies with them. I recently killed the swollen Python with countless arrows, the Python who was pressing down so many acres with his disease-bearing stomach! You will be content to provoke some loves by your fire, not to take away my honors.”The insulted Eros then prepared two arrows: one of gold and one of lead. He shot Apollo with the gold arrow, so the god has a passionate love for the river nymph Daphne. He shot Daphne with the lead arrow, making her a hatred for Apollo. Having taken after Apollo’s sister, Artemis (Diana), Daphne had looked down upon her many potential lovers, preferring instead woodland sports and exploring the forest. Due to her identity as an “aemula Phoebes” (female rival or emulator of Artemis), she had dedicated herself to perpetual virginity. Her father, the river god Peneus, demanded that she get married and give him grandchildren. She, however, begged her father to let her remain unmarried; he eventually complied.Apollo continually followed her, begging her to stay, but the nymph continued to reject him. They were evenly matched in the race until Eros intervened, helping Apollo catch up to Daphne. Seeing that Apollo was bound to reach her, she called upon her father, “Help me, Peneus! Open the earth to hide me, or change my form, which has brought me into this danger! Let me be free of this man from this moment forward!” Peneus answered her plea and “a heavy numbness seized her limbs; her soft breasts were surrounded by a thin bark, her hair changed into the foliage, her forearms changed into branches; her foot, just now swift, now clinged because of sluggish roots.” She was turned into a laurel tree.Apollo vowed to honor her forever: “Always my hair will have you, my lyres will have you, my quivers will have you, laurel tree. You will be present to two Latin places when the happy voice will sing a triumph and they will visit the great ceremonies at the Capitoline Hill.”Apollo also used his powers of eternal youth and immortality to render Daphne evergreen. For this reason, the leaves of the Bay laurel tree do not decay. 4. Many of the Apollo’s things will have laurel trees except______.
答案: His clothes.
5、 3. PandoraAfter the stealing of fire, Zeus became increasingly unkind to men. One day he ordered his son Hephaestus to build an image of a beautiful maiden out of clay．He then asked the gods and goddesses to award her with different kinds of gifts．Among them, Venus gave her beauty, Mercury gave her persuasion, Apollo gave her music, Hephaestus gave her voice, Athena clothed her in an attractive coat and Hermes gave her the power of telling lies．A charming young lady，she was the first woman that ever lived．Zeus called her Pandora．Because she had received from each of the gods and goddesses a gift．The gift was harmful to men．Zeus decided to send her down to men as a present．So Hermes then essenger(斜跨) brought her to Epimetheus，brother of Prometheus．The greatness of her beauty touched the hearts of all who looked upon her，and Epimetheus happily received her into his house．He had quite forgotten Pometheus’ warning：never to accept anything from Zeus．The couple lived a happy life for some time．Then trouble came on to the human world．When he was busy with teaching men the art of living，Prometheus had left a big cask in the care of Epimetheus．He had warned his brother not to open the lid．Pandora was a curious woman．She had been feeling very disappointed that her husband did not allow her to take a look at the contents of the cask．One day, when Epimetheus was out, she lifted the lid and out it came unrest and war, plague(疟疾) and sickness, theft and violence, grief and sorrow, and all the other evils. The human world was hence to experience these evils．Only hope stayed within the mouth of the jar and never flew out. So men always have hope within their hearts． 5. What does Hermes gave to Pandora
答案: Dishonesty.
6、 3. PandoraAfter the stealing of fire, Zeus became increasingly unkind to men. One day he ordered his son Hephaestus to build an image of a beautiful maiden out of clay．He then asked the gods and goddesses to award her with different kinds of gifts．Among them, Venus gave her beauty, Mercury gave her persuasion, Apollo gave her music, Hephaestus gave her voice, Athena clothed her in an attractive coat and Hermes gave her the power of telling lies．A charming young lady，she was the first woman that ever lived．Zeus called her Pandora．Because she had received from each of the gods and goddesses a gift．The gift was harmful to men．Zeus decided to send her down to men as a present．So Hermes then essenger(斜跨) brought her to Epimetheus，brother of Prometheus．The greatness of her beauty touched the hearts of all who looked upon her，and Epimetheus happily received her into his house．He had quite forgotten Pometheus’ warning：never to accept anything from Zeus．The couple lived a happy life for some time．Then trouble came on to the human world．When he was busy with teaching men the art of living，Prometheus had left a big cask in the care of Epimetheus．He had warned his brother not to open the lid．Pandora was a curious woman．She had been feeling very disappointed that her husband did not allow her to take a look at the contents of the cask．One day, when Epimetheus was out, she lifted the lid and out it came unrest and war, plague(疟疾) and sickness, theft and violence, grief and sorrow, and all the other evils. The human world was hence to experience these evils．Only hope stayed within the mouth of the jar and never flew out. So men always have hope within their hearts． 6. Which of the following thing can be founded most possible in the cask
答案: greed
7、 4. The Olympin GodsBetween Macedon and Thessaly of eastern Greece there stood a high mountain．Its cloudy top rushed into the very heavens．On the top of the mountain, the home of the gods was bathed in brightness. At Olympus Zeus ruled as the father of gods and men. Zeus was not a crude ruler by any standards．All the gods listened to his final words, it was true．But Zeus made them all sit on a committee of twelve members，including six gods and six goddesses．The first in the Olympian crowd sat Zeus himself. He was the overlord of gods and men and the operator of the thunderbolt. Next to him was Hera, his proud and green-eyed queen．Poseidon was ruler of the sea, And Hades, king of the lower world, had no seat in the committee．Apollo was the god of the sun，music and poetry, while his twin sister Artemis was the goddess of the moon and the chase． Athena was the goddess of wisdom and patroness of household arts．Hestin, the goddess of the family, represented home life and family happiness. The frightening Ares was the god of war，and the charming Aphrodite the goddess of love and beauty．The god of fire, Hephaestus, was the forger of the thunderbolts of Zeus．The wing footed messenger Hermes was the god of invention and commerce；and the goddess of grains and harvests, Demeter, looked after agriculture and stood for mother of civilization．All the chief gods mentioned above took human forms of incomparable beauty and grace．Often moved by human feelings and desires，they frequently gave way to anger and jealousy. They became involved in ceaseless battles with the world of man. Among themselves at Olympus they plotted and struggled for power．In the human world they experienced competitions and difficulties．They enjoyed earthly friendships and loves．A crowd of everlasting gods looked and acted in a perfectly human fashion that is what all gods at Olympus actually were． 7. What does the underlined word “green-eyed” mean？
答案: Jealous.
8、 4. The Olympin GodsBetween Macedon and Thessaly of eastern Greece there stood a high mountain．Its cloudy top rushed into the very heavens．On the top of the mountain, the home of the gods was bathed in brightness. At Olympus Zeus ruled as the father of gods and men. Zeus was not a crude ruler by any standards．All the gods listened to his final words, it was true．But Zeus made them all sit on a committee of twelve members，including six gods and six goddesses．The first in the Olympian crowd sat Zeus himself. He was the overlord of gods and men and the operator of the thunderbolt. Next to him was Hera, his proud and green-eyed queen．Poseidon was ruler of the sea, And Hades, king of the lower world, had no seat in the committee．Apollo was the god of the sun，music and poetry, while his twin sister Artemis was the goddess of the moon and the chase．Athena was the goddess of wisdom and patroness of household arts．Hestin, the goddess of the family, represented home life and family happiness. The frightening Ares was the god of war，and the charming Aphrodite the goddess of love and beauty．The god of fire, Hephaestus, was the forger of the thunderbolts of Zeus．The wing footed messenger Hermes was the god of invention and commerce；and the goddess of grains and harvests, Demeter, looked after agriculture and stood for mother of civilization．All the chief gods mentioned above took human forms of incomparable beauty and grace．Often moved by human feelings and desires，they frequently gave way to anger and jealousy. They became involved in ceaseless battles with the world of man. Among themselves at Olympus they plotted and struggled for power．In the human world they experienced competitions and difficulties．They enjoyed earthly friendships and loves．A crowd of everlasting gods looked and acted in a perfectly human fashion that is what all gods at Olympus actually were． 8. Which God is the patroness of home life and family happiness
答案: Hestin.
9、 5. A Golen AppleZeus held a banquet in celebration of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Left off the guest list was Eris (goddess of discord), and upon turning up uninvited, she threw or rolled a golden apple into the ceremony, with an inscription that read:”to the fairest.” Three goddesses claimed the apple: Hera, Athena and Aphrodite. Zeus remembered Paris of Troy as being the most beautiful of mortal men and was aware of the bull-judging contest which was soon to come, in which Paris would be judge. So Zeus sent Ares, who disguised himself as a bull, which was one of his symbols. Ares accepted this duty given by Zeus humorously. Being a god, he appeared perfect in all respects and therefore was awarded the Golden Laurels. Zeus named Paris as the judge as he knew that Paris would be a fair and equal judge.He gave the apple to Hermes and told him to deliver it to Paris and tell him that the goddesses would accept his decision without argument, and so the goddesses appeared. Each of the goddesses offered Paris a gift as a bribe in return for the apple. First, Hera promised him to give him the supreme right, and bless him to be a superior ruler, Athena is willing to give him wisdom and strength, encouraged him to have the courage to adventure, break a hero brilliant road. Aphrodite promised to let the world’s most beautiful woman in love with her, and volunteered to be his wife, Helen, at that time of Sparta. Prince Paris think it over and over again, feel right and rule he inherited his father ‘s throne, after can be, the hero’s path he have a good ability to play, but the beauty is not every day can be encountered, especially women always love him. Besides, he felt that Aphrodite with the smallest waist, is the standard S shape. Paris chose Aphrodite, a decision that ultimately led to the start of the Trojan war. Paris soon went to celebrate the marriage of Helen and Menelaus with his brother. They spent the night there, and Menelaus was called to Agamemnon, and thus Helen and Paris were left alone. In this time they made love, and Helen left Menelaus and sailed to Troy with Paris, thus initiating the Trojan War. 9. Why did Eris roll the apple to the ceremony
答案: Because she wanted to revenge when she wasn’t invited to the ceremony.
10、 5. A Golden AppleZeus held a banquet in celebration of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Left off the guest list was Eris (goddess of discord), and upon turning up uninvited, she threw or rolled a golden apple into the ceremony, with an inscription that read:”to the fairest.” Three goddesses claimed the apple: Hera, Athena and Aphrodite. Zeus remembered Paris of Troy as being the most beautiful of mortal men and was aware of the bull-judging contest which was soon to come, in which Paris would be judge. So Zeus sent Ares, who disguised himself as a bull, which was one of his symbols. Ares accepted this duty given by Zeus humorously. Being a god, he appeared perfect in all respects and therefore was awarded the Golden Laurels. Zeus named Paris as the judge as he knew that Paris would be a fair and equal judge.He gave the apple to Hermes and told him to deliver it to Paris and tell him that the goddesses would accept his decision without argument, and so the goddesses appeared. Each of the goddesses offered Paris a gift as a bribe in return for the apple. First, Hera promised him to give him the supreme right, and bless him to be a superior ruler, Athena is willing to give him wisdom and strength, encouraged him to have the courage to adventure, break a hero brilliant road. Aphrodite promised to let the world’s most beautiful woman in love with her, and volunteered to be his wife, Helen, at that time of Sparta. Prince Paris think it over and over again, feel right and rule he inherited his father ‘s throne, after can be, the hero’s path he have a good ability to play, but the beauty is not every day can be encountered, especially women always love him. Besides, he felt that Aphrodite with the smallest waist, is the standard S shape.Paris chose Aphrodite, a decision that ultimately led to the start of the Trojan war. Paris soon went to celebrate the marriage of Helen and Menelaus with his brother. They spent the night there, and Menelaus was called to Agamemnon, and thus Helen and Paris were left alone. In this time they made love, and Helen left Menelaus and sailed to Troy with Paris, thus initiating the Trojan War. 10. Who got the apple at last
答案: Aphrodite.
11、 6.Perseus and MedusaPerseus was the child of Zeus and mortals. Because he has the blood of God, he was born smart and easy to learn. Within a few years, he was an omnipotent hero.The heroic performance of Perseus soon passed to heaven. One day, Athena, the goddess of wisdom, found him and asked Perseus to take her the banshee Medusa’s head. Perseus was a man who welcomed and accepted the challenge, and he gladly accepted the goddess’ request.Medusa turned out to be a very beautiful girl with a shawl of hair. But she naively thought she was more beautiful than Athena. Athena was enraged, and she cast spells to turn Medusa’s hair into countless poisonous snakes. The beauty has become a monster. What’s more terrible is that her eyes flashed with horrible light, and anyone who even looked at her for a moment would immediately become a lifeless big stone.In order to obtain Medusa’s head, Perseus managed to obtain three treasures: a pair of shoes that can fly when put on, a leather bag, and a dog leather helmet that can be invisible on the head. With these three treasures, and taking his bronze shield and sword, Perseus got up and flew to the place where Medusa was holding.When he arrived, Medusa was asleep. Perseus didn’t dare to look at her. He spotted Medusa’s position from the reflection of the bronze shield, stepped forward, and cut off her poisonous snake’s head with one stroke. Perseus packed the bloody head into a leather sac and quickly flew into the sky. At this time, the two banshees living with Medusa were awakened. They found that their companion had been killed, and hurried to hunt him down. Fortunately, Perseus was not found because they wore a dog leather helmet. At this time, a Pegasus(飞马) was transformed from Medusa’s body, and Perseus fled on the Pegasus.11.Why did Athena want to kill Medusa
答案: Medusa thought herself more beautiful than Athena.
12、 6.Perseus and MedusaPerseus was the child of Zeus and mortals. Because he has the blood of God, he was born smart and easy to learn. Within a few years, he was an omnipotent hero.The heroic performance of Perseus soon passed to heaven. One day, Athena, the goddess of wisdom, found him and asked Perseus to take her the banshee Medusa’s head. Perseus was a man who welcomed and accepted the challenge, and he gladly accepted the goddess’ request.Medusa turned out to be a very beautiful girl with a shawl of hair. But she naively thought she was more beautiful than Athena. Athena was enraged, and she cast spells to turn Medusa’s hair into countless poisonous snakes. The beauty has become a monster. What’s more terrible is that her eyes flashed with horrible light, and anyone who even looked at her for a moment would immediately become a lifeless big stone.In order to obtain Medusa’s head, Perseus managed to obtain three treasures: a pair of shoes that can fly when put on, a leather bag, and a dog leather helmet that can be invisible on the head. With these three treasures, and taking his bronze shield and sword, Perseus got up and flew to the place where Medusa was holding.When he arrived, Medusa was asleep. Perseus didn’t dare to look at her. He spotted Medusa’s position from the reflection of the bronze shield, stepped forward, and cut off her poisonous snake’s head with one stroke. Perseus packed the bloody head into a leather sac and quickly flew into the sky. At this time, the two banshees living with Medusa were awakened. They found that their companion had been killed, and hurried to hunt him down. Fortunately, Perseus was not found because they wore a dog leather helmet. At this time, a Pegasus(飞马) was transformed from Medusa’s body, and Perseus fled on the Pegasus.12.Which one was not Perseus’ treasure
答案: A Pegasus.
13、 7.Heracles and his twelve laborWhen Hercules grew up and had become a great warrior, he married Megara. They had two children. Hercules and Megara were very happy, but life didn’t turn out for them the way it does in the movie. Hera sent a fit of madness to Hercules that put him into so great a rage, he murdered Megara and the children. When Hercules regained his senses and saw the horrible thing that he had done, he asked the god Apollo to rid him of this pollution. Apollo commanded the hero to do certain tasks as a punishment for his wrongs, so that the evil might be cleansed from his spirit. Apollo had many divine responsibilities. As Phoebus, he was the sun god, and every day he drove the chariot of the sun across the sky. He was the god of healing and music. Finally, Apollo was a god of prophecy: the Greeks believed that Apollo knew what would happen in the future, and that he could advise people how to act. Hercules hurried to the temple where Apollo gave such advice. It was in the town of Delphi and was called the Delphic oracle. Apollo said that in order to purify himself for the spilling of his family’s blood, he had to perform 10 heroic labors (this number would soon be increased to 12). Hercules got even more bad news. Apollo declared that he had to go to the city of Tiryns. The king of Tiryns was Eurystheus. Eurystheus had a reputation for being mean, and Hercules knew that the king would give him a tough time. The hero had to serve Eurystheus for twelve years while he performed the Labors. There was some good news, though. When the tasks were completed, Apollo said, Hercules would become immortal. Unlike other men, instead of dying and going to the Underworld of Hades, he would become a god.13.Why did Hercules had to complete 12 labors
答案: Because Apollo commanded the hero to do certain tasks as a punishment for his wrongs.
14、 7.Heracles and his twelve laborWhen Hercules grew up and had become a great warrior, he married Megara. They had two children. Hercules and Megara were very happy, but life didn’t turn out for them the way it does in the movie. Hera sent a fit of madness to Hercules that put him into so great a rage, he murdered Megara and the children. When Hercules regained his senses and saw the horrible thing that he had done, he asked the god Apollo to rid him of this pollution. Apollo commanded the hero to do certain tasks as a punishment for his wrongs, so that the evil might be cleansed from his spirit. Apollo had many divine responsibilities. As Phoebus, he was the sun god, and every day he drove the chariot of the sun across the sky. He was the god of healing and music. Finally, Apollo was a god of prophecy: the Greeks believed that Apollo knew what would happen in the future, and that he could advise people how to act. Hercules hurried to the temple where Apollo gave such advice. It was in the town of Delphi and was called the Delphic oracle. Apollo said that in order to purify himself for the spilling of his family’s blood, he had to perform 10 heroic labors (this number would soon be increased to 12). Hercules got even more bad news. Apollo declared that he had to go to the city of Tiryns. The king of Tiryns was Eurystheus. Eurystheus had a reputation for being mean, and Hercules knew that the king would give him a tough time. The hero had to serve Eurystheus for twelve years while he performed the Labors. There was some good news, though. When the tasks were completed, Apollo said, Hercules would become immortal. Unlike other men, instead of dying and going to the Underworld of Hades, he would become a god.14.What’s the good news for Hercules
答案: When the tasks were completed, Hercules would become immortal.
15、 8.Cupid and PsychePsyche was a woman gifted with extreme beauty and grace, one of the mortal women whose love and sacrifice for her beloved God Cupid earned her immortality. Psyche became, as Greek word “psyche” implies, the deity of soul. To modern days, the myth of Psyche symbolizes a self-search and personal growth through learning, losing, and saving the real love.Living her ordinary life, Psyche became famous because of her beauty that the whole world rushed to see. Being jealous due to men’s admiration for Psyche, Goddess Aphrodite asked her son, the powerful master of love, Cupid, to poison men’s souls in order to kill off their desire for Psyche. Despite all the men coming her way, Psyche stayed unmarried, but she wanted to marry the man she would love. Her parents became so desperate because of their daughter’s destiny and had no choice but to ask for an oracle, hoping that they would manage to solve the mystery and give a husband to their daughter. Cupid guided Apollo to give the oracle that Psyche would marry an ugly beast whose face she would never be able to see, and he would wait for her at the top of the mountain.It was not what Psyche’s parents were hoping for; on the contrary, they were completely devastated, as their daughter was not supposed to have such as fate, but they decided to go on and arranged the wedding of their beloved daughter with the beast. After the wedding, Psyche was able to be with her husband only at night. His tenderness and the enormous love he showed to her made Psyche happy and fulfilled beyond her expectations and dreams. She talked about her happiness with her sisters and confined in them how sad she was she couldn’t see his face.Hence, the jealous sisters persuaded Psyche that her lover is not only an ugly beast but also a monster who would eventually kill her, so she should kill him first to save herself. With the oil lamp and knife in her hands, Psyche one night was ready for murder, but when she enlightened the face of her beast-husband she saw the beautiful God Cupid. Caught by surprise, she spilled the oil on his face. Cupid woke up and flew away telling Psyche that she betrayed him and ruined their relationship so that they could never be united again.Psyche started searching for her lost love, and finally was suggested to beg Aphrodite, who imprisoned Cupid in the Palace, to see him. Aphrodite gave her three impossible tasks to accomplish in order to prove her love. Driven by her desire to reunite with Cupid, she was fearless. After accomplishing the first two tasks, Psyche had to go to the Hades (Underworld) and bring the box with the elixir of beauty to Aphrodite, who ordered her not to open the box. Instead of the elixir, there was Morpheus (the god of sleep and dreams) hiding in the box and since the curious Psyche opened it, she fell asleep.Cupid found out what happened, run away from the Palace, and begged Zeus to save his Psyche. Amazed by their love, Zeus went even further – he made Psyche immortal so that two lovers could be together forever.15.Why did Psyche stay unmarried before Apollo’s oracle
答案: Because Cupid poisoned men’s souls in order to kill off their desire for Psyche.
16、 8.Cupid and PsychePsyche was a woman gifted with extreme beauty and grace, one of the mortal women whose love and sacrifice for her beloved God Cupid earned her immortality. Psyche became, as Greek word “psyche” implies, the deity of soul. To modern days, the myth of Psyche symbolizes a self-search and personal growth through learning, losing, and saving the real love.Living her ordinary life, Psyche became famous because of her beauty that the whole world rushed to see. Being jealous due to men’s admiration for Psyche, Goddess Aphrodite asked her son, the powerful master of love, Cupid, to poison men’s souls in order to kill off their desire for Psyche. Despite all the men coming her way, Psyche stayed unmarried, but she wanted to marry the man she would love. Her parents became so desperate because of their daughter’s destiny and had no choice but to ask for an oracle, hoping that they would manage to solve the mystery and give a husband to their daughter. Cupid guided Apollo to give the oracle that Psyche would marry an ugly beast whose face she would never be able to see, and he would wait for her at the top of the mountain.It was not what Psyche’s parents were hoping for; on the contrary, they were completely devastated, as their daughter was not supposed to have such as fate, but they decided to go on and arranged the wedding of their beloved daughter with the beast. After the wedding, Psyche was able to be with her husband only at night. His tenderness and the enormous love he showed to her made Psyche happy and fulfilled beyond her expectations and dreams. She talked about her happiness with her sisters and confined in them how sad she was she couldn’t see his face.Hence, the jealous sisters persuaded Psyche that her lover is not only an ugly beast but also a monster who would eventually kill her, so she should kill him first to save herself. With the oil lamp and knife in her hands, Psyche one night was ready for murder, but when she enlightened the face of her beast-husband she saw the beautiful God Cupid. Caught by surprise, she spilled the oil on his face. Cupid woke up and flew away telling Psyche that she betrayed him and ruined their relationship so that they could never be united again.Psyche started searching for her lost love, and finally was suggested to beg Aphrodite, who imprisoned Cupid in the Palace, to see him. Aphrodite gave her three impossible tasks to accomplish in order to prove her love. Driven by her desire to reunite with Cupid, she was fearless. After accomplishing the first two tasks, Psyche had to go to the Hades (Underworld) and bring the box with the elixir of beauty to Aphrodite, who ordered her not to open the box. Instead of the elixir, there was Morpheus (the god of sleep and dreams) hiding in the box and since the curious Psyche opened it, she fell asleep.Cupid found out what happened, run away from the Palace, and begged Zeus to save his Psyche. Amazed by their love, Zeus went even further – he made Psyche immortal so that two lovers could be together forever.16.Who made Psyche fell asleep
答案: Morpheus.
17、 9.PoseidonPoseidon is the violent and ill-tempered god of the sea. One of the Twelve Olympians, he was also feared as the provoker of earthquakes and worshipped as the creator of the horse. A hot-blooded deity, Poseidon had many disputes with both gods and men, most famously with Athena and Odysseus.Poseidon’s name is very old, and its meaning is lost to us. Various authors have tried to translate it as either “husband of the earth” or “lord of the waters.” Plato says that it means “knower of many things,” but this is much less likely.Poseidon is nowadays known exclusively as a sea god, but in ancient times, he may have been the god of the earth and fertility or even the supreme god of the sky. In fact, in portrayals, he looks very much like Zeus, a distinguished, bearded man with a dense curly hair and piercing eyes. Homer says that his shriek was as loud as one of ten thousand men combined.Oftentimes, he is depicted riding a four-horse chariot and wielding a trident over the waves. The trident is his most recognizable emblem, though his son, Triton, carries one as well. It is said that Poseidon struck a rock with his trident to create the very first horse, Skyphios. During the Gigantomachy, the god used the trident to break off a piece of the island Kos, under which he subsequently entombed the Giant Polybotes. This piece became today’s island Nisyros.17.What does the hot-blooded in paragraph 1 mean
答案: ill tempered.
18、 9.PoseidonPoseidon is the violent and ill-tempered god of the sea. One of the Twelve Olympians, he was also feared as the provoker of earthquakes and worshipped as the creator of the horse. A hot-blooded deity, Poseidon had many disputes with both gods and men, most famously with Athena and Odysseus.Poseidon’s name is very old, and its meaning is lost to us. Various authors have tried to translate it as either “husband of the earth” or “lord of the waters.” Plato says that it means “knower of many things,” but this is much less likely.Poseidon is nowadays known exclusively as a sea god, but in ancient times, he may have been the god of the earth and fertility or even the supreme god of the sky. In fact, in portrayals, he looks very much like Zeus, a distinguished, bearded man with a dense curly hair and piercing eyes. Homer says that his shriek was as loud as one of ten thousand men combined.Oftentimes, he is depicted riding a four-horse chariot and wielding a trident over the waves. The trident is his most recognizable emblem, though his son, Triton, carries one as well. It is said that Poseidon struck a rock with his trident to create the very first horse, Skyphios. During the Gigantomachy, the god used the trident to break off a piece of the island Kos, under which he subsequently entombed the Giant Polybotes. This piece became today’s island Nisyros.18.What does Poseidon look like
答案: Piercing eyes.
19、 10.AthenaGoddess of wisdom, war and the crafts, and favorite daughter of Zeus, Athena was, perhaps, the wisest, most courageous, and certainly the most resourceful of the Olympian gods. Objects associated with the goddess include an owl – symbol of wisdom – and the olive tree. She is often depicted in art with armor, a golden helmet, a shield, and holding a spear.Zeus was told that his son would take his throne from him, just as he had taken power from his father Cronus. Accordingly, when Metis was pregnant, he swallowed her and Athena was born from Zeus’ head, wearing armor and fully grown. A popular theme in ancient art, Hephaistos is often depicted in the role of midwife, splitting Zeus’ head with an axe. She is closely associated with Athens, the city named in her honor after the people of Attica chose her as their patron following her gift of the olive tree, symbol of peace and plenty. Protector of Heracles, Athena often aids him in his twelve labors, for example, by helping him hold the world as Atlas searches for the sacred apples of the Hesperides. Perseus was another favorite and was given a shield to protect himself in his quest to kill Medusa. Achilles is helped to kill Hector, and Odysseus too was often given the benefit of Athena’s wisdom. Athena was a major protagonist in Homer’s account of the Trojan War in the Iliad where she supports the Archaeans and their heroes, especially Achilles, to whom she gives encouragement and wise counsel.20.who was not helped by Athena
答案: Homer.
20、 10.AthenaGoddess of wisdom, war and the crafts, and favorite daughter of Zeus, Athena was, perhaps, the wisest, most courageous, and certainly the most resourceful of the Olympian gods. Objects associated with the goddess include an owl – symbol of wisdom – and the olive tree. She is often depicted in art with armor, a golden helmet, a shield, and holding a spear.Zeus was told that his son would take his throne from him, just as he had taken power from his father Cronus. Accordingly, when Metis was pregnant, he swallowed her and Athena was born from Zeus’ head, wearing armor and fully grown. A popular theme in ancient art, Hephaistos is often depicted in the role of midwife, splitting Zeus’ head with an axe. She is closely associated with Athens, the city named in her honor after the people of Attica chose her as their patron following her gift of the olive tree, symbol of peace and plenty. Protector of Heracles, Athena often aids him in his twelve labors, for example, by helping him hold the world as Atlas searches for the sacred apples of the Hesperides. Perseus was another favorite and was given a shield to protect himself in his quest to kill Medusa. Achilles is helped to kill Hector, and Odysseus too was often given the benefit of Athena’s wisdom. Athena was a major protagonist in Homer’s account of the Trojan War in the Iliad where she supports the Archaeans and their heroes, especially Achilles, to whom she gives encouragement and wise counsel.19.Why did Zeus swallowed Metis
答案: Zeus was told that his son would take his throne from him.
第七、八周 7.3 第七单元词汇测验
1、 Professor Wilson declined to comment on the current political situation.
答案: refused
2、 I am inclined to believe in his innocence.
答案: tend
3、 Adverse winds forced the little ship back to shore.
答案: Opposing
4、 People advertise things that they wish to sell.
答案: publicize
5、 They failed to convert sugar into alcohol.
答案: transform
6、 Telegraph poles must be set in the ground so that they are vertical.
答案: upright
7、 Each of three boys gave his own version of the quarrel.
答案: account
8、 The government reversed its decision to build nuclear reactors; now they will not be constructed.
答案: gave up
9、 Since I have been ill, my appetite has diminished.
答案: desire for food
10、 There is a fierce competition between Ohio State and the University of Michigan for the Big Ten Football Championships.
答案: contest
11、 The people signed a petition to stop the destruction of the historic building.
答案: a formal request
12、 Her husband is very competent; he will repair the roof himself.
答案: capable
13、 The pact between them has been approved.
答案: accepted
14、 Maria has a provisional license.
答案: temporary
15、 The policeman directed the traffic at the junction of the two main thoroughfares.
答案: crossing
16、 The playing field adjoins the school.
答案: is next to
17、 Having dialed their number all day only to hear a busy signal she became impatient and called the operator for assistant.
答案: intolerant
18、 The president’s compassion for the refugees caused him to admit a very large number of them.
答案: pity
19、 She gets along very well with everyone; so she is the most compatible number of our family.
答案: agreeable
20、 She was too passionate to be a good teacher.
答案: emotional
第七、八周 7.4 第七单元阅读理解
1、 1. Julius CaesarNearly two thousand years ago there lived in Rome a man whose name was Julius Caesar. He was the greatest of all the Romans. Why was he so greatHe was a brave warrior, and had conquered many countries for Rome. He was wise in planning and doing. He knew how to make men both love and fear him.At last he made himself the ruler of Rome. Some said he wished to become its king. But the Romans at that time did not believe in kings.Once when Caesar was passing through a little country village, all the men, women and children of the place came out to see him. There were not more than fifty of them, all together, and they were led by their mayor, who told each one what to do.These simple people stood by the roadside and watched Caesar pass. The mayor looked very proud and happy; for was he not the ruler of this village He felt that he was almost as great as Caesar himself.Some of the ranking officers who were with Caesar laughed. They said, “See how that fellow struts at the head of his little flock!””Laugh as you will.” said Caesar, he has reason to be proud. “I would rather be the head man of a village than the second man in Rome!”At another time, Caesar was crossing a narrow sea in a boat. Before he was half way to the farther shore, a storm overtook him. The wind blew hard; the waves dashed high; the lightning flashed; the thunder rolled.It seemed every minute as though the boat would sink. The captain was in great fright. He had crossed the sea many times, but never in such a storm as this. He trembled with fear; he could not guide the boat; he fell down upon his knees; he moaned, “All is lost! All is lost!”But Caesar was not afraid. He bade the man get up and take his oars again. “Why should you be afraid” he said.”The boat will not be lost; for you have Caesar on board.” 1. From the passage, we can know that Caesar is a (an) _____ person.
答案: ambitious
2、 1. Julius CaesarNearly two thousand years ago there lived in Rome a man whose name was Julius Caesar. He was the greatest of all the Romans. Why was he so greatHe was a brave warrior, and had conquered many countries for Rome. He was wise in planning and doing. He knew how to make men both love and fear him.At last he made himself the ruler of Rome. Some said he wished to become its king. But the Romans at that time did not believe in kings.Once when Caesar was passing through a little country village, all the men, women and children of the place came out to see him. There were not more than fifty of them, all together, and they were led by their mayor, who told each one what to do.These simple people stood by the roadside and watched Caesar pass. The mayor looked very proud and happy; for was he not the ruler of this village He felt that he was almost as great as Caesar himself.Some of the ranking officers who were with Caesar laughed. They said, “See how that fellow struts at the head of his little flock!””Laugh as you will.” said Caesar, he has reason to be proud. “I would rather be the head man of a village than the second man in Rome!”At another time, Caesar was crossing a narrow sea in a boat. Before he was half way to the farther shore, a storm overtook him. The wind blew hard; the waves dashed high; the lightning flashed; the thunder rolled.It seemed every minute as though the boat would sink. The captain was in great fright. He had crossed the sea many times, but never in such a storm as this. He trembled with fear; he could not guide the boat; he fell down upon his knees; he moaned, “All is lost! All is lost!”But Caesar was not afraid. He bade the man get up and take his oars again. “Why should you be afraid” he said.”The boat will not be lost; for you have Caesar on board.” 2.Why did the ranking officers laugh
答案: Because they were showing the mockery to the head man’s pride
3、 2. King Alfred and the CakesMany years ago there lived in England a wise and good king whose name was Alfred. No other man ever did so much for his country as he; and people now, all over the world, speak of him as Alfred the Great.A fierce, rude people, called the Danes, had come from over the sea, and were fighting the English.There were so many of them, and they were so bold and strong, that for a long time they gained every battle.If they kept on, they would soon be the masters of the whole country.At last, after a great battle the English army was broken up and scattered. Every man had to save himself in the best way he could. King Alfred fled alone, in great haste, through the wood sand swamps .Late in the day the king came to the hut of a woodcutter. He was very tired and hungry, and he begged the woodcutter’s wife to give him something to eat and a place to sleep in her hut.The woman was baking some cakes upon the hearth, and she looked with pity upon the poor, ragged fellow who seemed so hungry. She had no thought he was the king.” Yes, “she said, ” I will give you some supper if you will watch these cakes. I want to go out and milk the cow; and you must see that they do not burn while I am gone.”King Alfred was very willing to watch the cakes, but he had far greater things to think about. How was he going to drive the fierce Danes out of the land？He forgot his hunger; he forgot the cakes; he forgot he was in the woodcutter’s hut. His mind was busy making plans for tomorrow.In a little while the woman came back. The cakes were smoking on the hearth. They were burned to a crisp. Ah, how angry she was！” You lazy fellow!”she cried.” See what you have done！You want something to eat, but you do not want to work！”She even struck the king with a stick; but I can hardly believe that she was so ill-natured.The king must have laughed to himself at the thought of being scolded in this way; and he was so hungry that he did not mind the woman’s angry words half so much as the loss of the cakes.We do not know whether he had anything to eat that night, or whether he had to go to bed without his supper. But it was not many days until he had gathered his men together again, and had beaten the Danes in a great battle. 3. From the passage, we can know that Alfred is a ______ man.
答案: responsible
4、 2. King Alfred and the CakesMany years ago there lived in England a wise and good king whose name was Alfred. No other man ever did so much for his country as he; and people now, all over the world, speak of him as Alfred the Great.A fierce, rude people, called the Danes, had come from over the sea, and were fighting the English.There were so many of them, and they were so bold and strong, that for a long time they gained every battle.If they kept on, they would soon be the masters of the whole country.At last, after a great battle the English army was broken up and scattered. Every man had to save himself in the best way he could. King Alfred fled alone, in great haste, through the wood sand swamps .Late in the day the king came to the hut of a woodcutter. He was very tired and hungry, and he begged the woodcutter’s wife to give him something to eat and a place to sleep in her hut.The woman was baking some cakes upon the hearth, and she looked with pity upon the poor, ragged fellow who seemed so hungry. She had no thought he was the king.” Yes, “she said, ” I will give you some supper if you will watch these cakes. I want to go out and milk the cow; and you must see that they do not burn while I am gone.”King Alfred was very willing to watch the cakes, but he had far greater things to think about. How was he going to drive the fierce Danes out of the land？He forgot his hunger; he forgot the cakes; he forgot he was in the woodcutter’s hut. His mind was busy making plans for tomorrow.In a little while the woman came back. The cakes were smoking on the hearth. They were burned to a crisp Ah, how angry she was！” You lazy fellow!”she cried.” See what you have done！You want something to eat, but you do not want to work！”She even struck the king with a stick; but I can hardly believe that she was so ill-natured.The king must have laughed to himself at the thought of being scolded in this way; and he was so hungry that he did not mind the woman’s angry words half so much as the loss of the cakes.We do not know whether he had anything to eat that night, or whether he had to go to bed without his supper. But it was not many days until he had gathered his men together again, and had beaten the Danes in a great battle. 4. The underlined sentence tells us__.
答案: There is no such thing as a free lunch.
5、 3. The Norman ConquestThe Norman Conquest of England (in Britain, often called the Norman Conquest or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.William’s claim to the English throne derived from his familial relationship with the childless Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged William’s hopes for the throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson. The Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066 and was victorious at the Battle of Fulford, but Harold defeated and killed him at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. Within days, William landed in southern England. Harold marched south to oppose him, leaving a significant portion of his army in the north. Harold’s army confronted William’s invaders on 14 October at the Battle of Hastings; William’s force defeated Harold, who was killed in the engagement.Although William’s main rivals were gone, he still faced rebellions over the following years and was not secure on his throne until after 1072. The lands of the resisting English elite were confiscated; some of the elite fled into exile. To control his new kingdom, William granted lands to his followers and built castles commanding military strong points throughout the land. Other effects of the conquest included the court and government, the introduction of the Norman language as the language of the elites, and changes in the composition of the upper classes, as William enfeoffed lands to be held directly from the king. More gradual changes affected the agricultural classes and village life: the main change appears to have been the formal elimination of slavery, which may or may not have been linked to the invasion. There was little alteration in the structure of government, as the new Norman administrators took over many of the forms of Anglo-Saxon government. 5. Before William, who was the King of English
答案: Harold Godwinson.
6、 3. The Norman ConquestThe Norman Conquest of England (in Britain, often called the Norman Conquest or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.William’s claim to the English throne derived from his familial relationship with the childless Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged William’s hopes for the throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson. The Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066 and was victorious at the Battle of Fulford, but Harold defeated and killed him at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. Within days, William landed in southern England. Harold marched south to oppose him, leaving a significant portion of his army in the north. Harold’s army confronted William’s invaders on 14 October at the Battle of Hastings; William’s force defeated Harold, who was killed in the engagement.Although William’s main rivals were gone, he still faced rebellions over the following years and was not secure on his throne until after 1072. The lands of the resisting English elite were confiscated; some of the elite fled into exile. To control his new kingdom, William granted lands to his followers and built castles commanding military strong points throughout the land. Other effects of the conquest included the court and government, the introduction of the Norman language as the language of the elites, and changes in the composition of the upper classes, as William enfeoffed lands to be held directly from the king. More gradual changes affected the agricultural classes and village life: the main change appears to have been the formal elimination of slavery, which may or may not have been linked to the invasion. There was little alteration in the structure of government, as the new Norman administrators took over many of the forms of Anglo-Saxon government. 6. All of the following fields has experienced many changes brought by the conquest except ______.
答案: Structure of government.
7、 4. The Round Table KnightsThe Round Table Knights were a group of greatest knights who had the honour to sit at the Round Table at King Arthur’s court. According to a story, Arthur had a carpenter build the Round Table to show that no knight, not even Arthur himself was “head of the table”. All were equal and the king was just “first among equals”. The table was so large that it had enough seats for 1600 men and yet could be folded up and carried on horseback. According to another source. Merlin the magician had the table built for Uther, Arthur’s father. Uther gave the table to King Leodegan.Later, Leodegan gave the table to Arthur after Arthur married Guenevere, Leodegan’s daughter. Still another story says that the Round Table had 12 seats around it, like the table at the Last Supper, with an empty place representing Judas’s seat. This seat was called the Siege Perilous, and was reserved for the knight so pure in heart that he would someday find the Holy Grail, the cup or dish used by Jesus at the Last Supper. Any other knight who sat in the seat would die. One day, Sir Galahad’s name appeared on the seat. From then on, he occupied the Siege Perilous. Later, as expected, he found the Holy Grail with the other two knights.Knights considered it a great honour to have a seat at the Round Table. Brave men came to Arthur’s court from many countries hoping to become a Round Table Knight. Many stories describe the heroic deeds of various Knights of the Round Table. Several tell of the adventures of Sir Tristram and Sir Gawin. Other famous Round Table Knights included Lancelot, Bedevere, Bors, Galahad, Perceval and Modred.The greatest adventure of the Round Table was the search for the Holy Grail. However, only the three knights—Bors, Galahad and Perceval were pure enough to be able to find the Grail. All the others had various moral defects. This fact damaged the reputation of the Round Table. To make things worse, a love affair developed between Queen Guenevere and Sir Lancelot, who was perhaps the greatest of the Round Table knights. This scandal destroyed the bonds of respect and friendship that had united all the knights.The mortal blow to the Round Table was given by Sir Modred, who tried to seize Arthur’s power. In a battle between the forces of the two men, Arthur killed Modred but he himself was seriously wounded and soon died. The Round Table broke up following the death of Arthur. 7. How many kinds of story about the source of the Round Table does the passage tell us？
答案: Two.
8、 4. The Round Table KnightsThe Round Table Knights were a group of greatest knights who had the honour to sit at the Round Table at King Arthur’s court. According to a story, Arthur had a carpenter build the Round Table to show that no knight, not even Arthur himself was “head of the table”. All were equal and the king was just “first among equals”. The table was so large that it had enough seats for 1600 men and yet could be folded up and carried on horseback. According to another source. Merlin the magician had the table built for Uther, Arthur’s father. Uther gave the table to King Leodegan.Later, Leodegan gave the table to Arthur after Arthur married Guenevere, Leodegan’s daughter. Still another story says that the Round Table had 12 seats around it, like the table at the Last Supper, with an empty place representing Judas’s seat. This seat was called the Siege Perilous, and was reserved for the knight so pure in heart that he would someday find the Holy Grail, the cup or dish used by Jesus at the Last Supper. Any other knight who sat in the seat would die. One day, Sir Galahad’s name appeared on the seat. From then on, he occupied the Siege Perilous. Later, as expected, he found the Holy Grail with the other two knights.Knights considered it a great honour to have a seat at the Round Table. Brave men came to Arthur’s court from many countries hoping to become a Round Table Knight. Many stories describe the heroic deeds of various Knights of the Round Table. Several tell of the adventures of Sir Tristram and Sir Gawin. Other famous Round Table Knights included Lancelot, Bedevere, Bors, Galahad, Perceval and Modred.The greatest adventure of the Round Table was the search for the Holy Grail. However, only the three knights—Bors, Galahad and Perceval were pure enough to be able to find the Grail. All the others had various moral defects. This fact damaged the reputation of the Round Table. To make things worse, a love affair developed between Queen Guenevere and Sir Lancelot, who was perhaps the greatest of the Round Table knights. This scandal destroyed the bonds of respect and friendship that had united all the knights.The mortal blow to the Round Table was given by Sir Modred, who tried to seize Arthur’s power. In a battle between the forces of the two men, Arthur killed Modred but he himself was seriously wounded and soon died. The Round Table broke up following the death of Arthur. 8. What does the underlined phrase refers to
答案: The love affair between Queen Guenevere and Sir Lancelot.
9、 5. Old English (500-1100 AD)West Germanic invaders from Jutland and southern Denmark: the Angles (whose name is the source of the words England and English), Saxons, and Jutes, began to settle in the British Isles in the fifth and sixth centuries AD. They spoke a mutually intelligible language, similar to modern Frisian – the language of the northeastern region of the Netherlands – that is called Old English. Four major dialects of Old English emerged, Northumbrian in the north of England, Mercian in the Midlands, West Saxon in the south and west, and Kentish in the Southeast.These invaders pushed the original, Celtic-speaking inhabitants out of what is now England into Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, and Ireland, leaving behind a few Celtic words. These Celtic languages survive today in the Gaelic languages of Scotland and Ireland and in Welsh. Cornish, unfortunately, is, in linguistic terms, now a dead language. (The last native Cornish speaker died in 1777) Also influencing English at this time were the Vikings. Norse invasions and settlement, beginning around 850, brought many North Germanic words into the language, particularly in the north of England. Some examples are dream, which had meant ‘joy’ until the Vikings imparted its current meaning on it from the Scandinavian cognate draumr and skirt, which continues to live alongside its native English cognate shirt.The majority of words in modern English come from foreign, not Old English roots. In fact, only about one sixth of the known Old English words have descendants surviving today. But this is deceptive; Old English is much more important than these statistics would indicate. About half of the most commonly used words in modern English have Old English roots. Words like be, water and strong, for example, derive from Old English roots.Old English, whose best known surviving example is the poem Beowulf, lasted until about 1100. Shortly after the most important event in the development and history of the English language, the Norman Conquest. 9. According to the passage, _____ common word(s) in modern English come from Old English roots.
答案: about half of
10、 5. Old English (500-1100 AD)West Germanic invaders from Jutland and southern Denmark: the Angles (whose name is the source of the words England and English), Saxons, and Jutes, began to settle in the British Isles in the fifth and sixth centuries AD. They spoke a mutually intelligible language, similar to modern Frisian – the language of the northeastern region of the Netherlands – that is called Old English. Four major dialects of Old English emerged, Northumbrian in the north of England, Mercian in the Midlands, West Saxon in the south and west, and Kentish in the Southeast.These invaders pushed the original, Celtic-speaking inhabitants out of what is now England into Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, and Ireland, leaving behind a few Celtic words. These Celtic languages survive today in the Gaelic languages of Scotland and Ireland and in Welsh. Cornish, unfortunately, is, in linguistic terms, now a dead language. (The last native Cornish speaker died in 1777) Also influencing English at this time were the Vikings. Norse invasions and settlement, beginning around 850, brought many North Germanic words into the language, particularly in the north of England. Some examples are dream, which had meant ‘joy’ until the Vikings imparted its current meaning on it from the Scandinavian cognate draumr and skirt, which continues to live alongside its native English cognate shirt.The majority of words in modern English come from foreign, not Old English roots. In fact, only about one sixth of the known Old English words have descendants surviving today. But this is deceptive; Old English is much more important than these statistics would indicate. About half of the most commonly used words in modern English have Old English roots. Words like be, water and strong, for example, derive from Old English roots.Old English, whose best known surviving example is the poem Beowulf, lasted until about 1100. Shortly after the most important event in the development and history of the English language, the Norman Conquest. 10. Which of the following statement is True
答案: Angles, Saxons and Jutes invaded British island in the 5th and 6th centuries AD.
11、 6.English language statisticsEnglish is currently one of the most widely spoken and written languages worldwide, with some 380 million native speakers. Through the global influence of native English speakers in cinema, music, broadcasting, science, and the Internet in recent decades, English is now the most widely learned second language in the world. Because a working knowledge of English is required in many fields and occupations, education ministries around the world mandate the teaching of English to at least a basic level. And there are some other facts about English you might be interested in knowing. In no particular order, here are some of the numbers about English: English is the most widespread language in the world and is more widely spoken and written than any other language. Over 400 million people use the English vocabulary as a mother tongue, only surpassed in numbers, but not in distribution by speakers of the many varieties of Chinese. Over 700 million people, speak English, as a foreign language.Did you know that of all the world’s languages (over 2,700) English is arguably the richest in vocabulary; and that the Oxford English Dictionary lists about 500,000 words, and there are a half-million technical and scientific terms still uncataloguedThree-quarters of the world’s mail, telexes and cables are in English. More than half of the world’s technical and scientific periodicals are in English. English is the medium for 80% of the information stored in the world’s computers. English is the language of navigation, aviation and of Christianity; it is the ecumenical language of the World Council of ChurchesFive of the largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC) transmit in English, reaching millions and millions of people all over the world.The main language used throughout the world on the internet is English. The media that make up the Internet are overwhelmingly American in origin, so it is no wonder that the mother tongue of the Web is English. Four factors determine the degree to which a given language finds use on the Internet: 1. The number of users of the language;2. The extent of its use as an official language;3. The economic power of the language ;4. The volume of information disseminated in that language. Today, English reigns supreme in all four respects. It is studied as a foreign language throughout the world and employed by a majority of Internet users. Of the 163 member nations of the U.N., more use English as their official language than any other. The easiest way to calculate the economic influence of a language may be to add up the gross domestic products (GDP) of all the nations where it is spoken. People who count English as their mother tongue make up less than 10% of the world’s population, but possess over 30% of the world’s economic power. Therefore, in terms of the quantity of transmitted information, English is the leader by far. After English, 26 nations in the U.N. cite French as their official tongue, 21 Spanish and 17 Arabic. Each of these three languages forms a sizable linguistic constituency on the Internet. 11.Among the following statements, which one is wrong
答案: English is the medium for 80% of the information stored in computer.
12、 6.English language statisticsEnglish is currently one of the most widely spoken and written languages worldwide, with some 380 million native speakers. Through the global influence of native English speakers in cinema, music, broadcasting, science, and the Internet in recent decades, English is now the most widely learned second language in the world. Because a working knowledge of English is required in many fields and occupations, education ministries around the world mandate the teaching of English to at least a basic level. And there are some other facts about English you might be interested in knowing. In no particular order, here are some of the numbers about English: English is the most widespread language in the world and is more widely spoken and written than any other language. Over 400 million people use the English vocabulary as a mother tongue, only surpassed in numbers, but not in distribution by speakers of the many varieties of Chinese. Over 700 million people, speak English, as a foreign language.Did you know that of all the world’s languages (over 2,700) English is arguably the richest in vocabulary; and that the Oxford English Dictionary lists about 500,000 words, and there are a half-million technical and scientific terms still uncataloguedThree-quarters of the world’s mail, telexes and cables are in English. More than half of the world’s technical and scientific periodicals are in English. English is the medium for 80% of the information stored in the world’s computers. English is the language of navigation, aviation and of Christianity; it is the ecumenical language of the World Council of ChurchesFive of the largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC) transmit in English, reaching millions and millions of people all over the world.The main language used throughout the world on the internet is English. The media that make up the Internet are overwhelmingly American in origin, so it is no wonder that the mother tongue of the Web is English. Four factors determine the degree to which a given language finds use on the Internet: 1. The number of users of the language;2. The extent of its use as an official language;3. The economic power of the language ;4. The volume of information disseminated in that language. Today, English reigns supreme in all four respects. It is studied as a foreign language throughout the world and employed by a majority of Internet users. Of the 163 member nations of the U.N., more use English as their official language than any other. The easiest way to calculate the economic influence of a language may be to add up the gross domestic products (GDP) of all the nations where it is spoken. People who count English as their mother tongue make up less than 10% of the world’s population, but possess over 30% of the world’s economic power. Therefore, in terms of the quantity of transmitted information, English is the leader by far. After English, 26 nations in the U.N. cite French as their official tongue, 21 Spanish and 17 Arabic. Each of these three languages forms a sizable linguistic constituency on the Internet. 12.Among the following factors, which one is not the determine the degree to which a given language finds use on the Internet
答案: The extent of information disseminated in that language
13、 7.The RenaissanceThe Renaissance，considered by modern scholars to have been the time between 1,300 and 1,600，was a period of European history when many new inventions and beliefs came into being.The Renaissance is traced back to rich Italian cities such as Florence，Milan，and Venice. In these cities businessmen started to spend their extra money on things like painting and education，and to consider new techniques of banking and systems of government. A new type of scholar，the humanist(人文主义者)arose. Humanism was concerned with humankind and culture. Latin and Greek，literature and philosophy，music and mathematics were among the subjects humanists studied.The Renaissance gave rise to new forms of painting and sculpture. During the Renaissance，artists were no longer regarded as mere artisans(工匠)．Many artists drew on mathematics in order to become more accurate in their measurements(度量)and to make sure an object was presented in realistic proportions. They also studied the way light hits objects and the ways our eyes perceive it. A new kind of paint，called oil paint，was invented.The Renaissance affected all of the society. Many people became interested in politics，and the world outside their towns. They became explorers，businessmen，etc. The effect on religion was especially strong. In the Middle Ages people were primarily concerned with serving the church and getting to heaven. But the increase in arts and education gave people things to look forward to in life，and made them lose interest in the church.The Renaissance produced many great minds. Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest，although he was not regarded that way at the time. Among his many works of art were Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. He is also regarded as a great inventor，and is credited for coming up with the idea of the helicopter. 13.According to the second paragraph，the Renaissance___ .
答案: started in Italy
14、 7.The RenaissanceThe Renaissance，considered by modern scholars to have been the time between 1,300 and 1,600，was a period of European history when many new inventions and beliefs came into being.The Renaissance is traced back to rich Italian cities such as Florence，Milan，and Venice. In these cities businessmen started to spend their extra money on things like painting and education，and to consider new techniques of banking and systems of government. A new type of scholar，the humanist(人文主义者)arose. Humanism was concerned with humankind and culture. Latin and Greek，literature and philosophy，music and mathematics were among the subjects humanists studied.The Renaissance gave rise to new forms of painting and sculpture. During the Renaissance，artists were no longer regarded as mere artisans(工匠)．Many artists drew on mathematics in order to become more accurate in their measurements(度量)and to make sure an object was presented in realistic proportions. They also studied the way light hits objects and the ways our eyes perceive it. A new kind of paint，called oil paint，was invented.The Renaissance affected all of the society. Many people became interested in politics，and the world outside their towns. They became explorers，businessmen，etc. The effect on religion was especially strong. In the Middle Ages people were primarily concerned with serving the church and getting to heaven. But the increase in arts and education gave people things to look forward to in life，and made them lose interest in the church.The Renaissance produced many great minds. Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest，although he was not regarded that way at the time. Among his many works of art were Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. He is also regarded as a great inventor，and is credited for coming up with the idea of the helicopter. 14.Which of the followings took place during the Renaissance
答案: New forms of painting emerged.
15、 8.Renaissance (2)Renaissance refers to a European ideological and cultural movement from the 14th century to the 16th century, which reflects the requirements of the new bourgeoisie.The concept of “Renaissance” was used by Italian humanist writers and scholars in the 14th-16th century. People at that time believed that literature and art had been highly prosperous in the classical times of Greece and Rome, but declined and annihilated in the “Dark Age” of the middle ages. It was not until the 14th century that it obtained “regeneration” and “Renaissance”, so it was called “Renaissance”.The Renaissance first rose in Italian cities, then extended to Western European countries, reached its peak in the 16th century, brought a period of scientific and artistic revolution, opened the prelude of modern European history, and was considered as the boundary between the middle ancient times and modern times. Renaissance is one of the three major ideological liberation movements (Renaissance, religious reform and Enlightenment) in modern Western Europe.After the 11th century, with the recovery and development of economy, the rise of cities and the improvement of living standards, people gradually changed their pessimistic and desperate attitude towards real life and began to pursue the joy of secular life, which was contrary to the Catholic Church. In the 14th century, Italy, with its prosperous urban economy, was the first country to resist the Catholic culture. At that time, Italian citizens and secular intellectuals, on the one hand, were extremely disgusted with Catholic theocracy and its hypocritical asceticism, on the other hand, because there was no mature cultural system to replace Catholic culture, so they expressed their cultural ideas by reviving ancient Greek and Roman culture. Therefore, the Renaissance emphasizes that the new culture is based on classicality, rather than a pure classical Renaissance, which is actually a new cultural movement of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.15.Where was the Renaissance originated from
答案: Italy
16、 8.Renaissance (2)Renaissance refers to a European ideological and cultural movement from the 14th century to the 16th century, which reflects the requirements of the new bourgeoisie.The concept of “Renaissance” was used by Italian humanist writers and scholars in the 14th-16th century. People at that time believed that literature and art had been highly prosperous in the classical times of Greece and Rome, but declined and annihilated in the “Dark Age” of the middle ages. It was not until the 14th century that it obtained “regeneration” and “Renaissance”, so it was called “Renaissance”.The Renaissance first rose in Italian cities, then extended to Western European countries, reached its peak in the 16th century, brought a period of scientific and artistic revolution, opened the prelude of modern European history, and was considered as the boundary between the middle ancient times and modern times. Renaissance is one of the three major ideological liberation movements (Renaissance, religious reform and Enlightenment) in modern Western Europe.After the 11th century, with the recovery and development of economy, the rise of cities and the improvement of living standards, people gradually changed their pessimistic and desperate attitude towards real life and began to pursue the joy of secular life, which was contrary to the Catholic Church. In the 14th century, Italy, with its prosperous urban economy, was the first country to resist the Catholic culture. At that time, Italian citizens and secular intellectuals, on the one hand, were extremely disgusted with Catholic theocracy and its hypocritical asceticism, on the other hand, because there was no mature cultural system to replace Catholic culture, so they expressed their cultural ideas by reviving ancient Greek and Roman culture. Therefore, the Renaissance emphasizes that the new culture is based on classicality, rather than a pure classical Renaissance, which is actually a new cultural movement of the bourgeoisie against feudalism.16.Which one is not one of the three major ideological liberation movements
答案: Westernization
17、 9.ChaucerThere was no printed book in Chaucer’s time, and there was little contact between different parts of the UK, so the English spoken by different regions was quite different. Moreover, at that time, the court language was French, and the academic language was Latin. Chaucer was the first court writer to write in English. He lives in London and naturally uses the English of the counties in the middle of England, rather than the northern or southern dialects of England. His works have made great contributions to the formation of modern English.Chaucer is the first writer who uses monologue to create characters. The beauty of this technique lies in that it is not the characters who directly say what kind of people they are, but that they often unconsciously expose their essence and character in their own lives. For example, the despicability of selling atonement coupons is not that he tells how greedy and shameless he is, but that he talks about it. He’s not repenting, he’s preaching.Chaucer not only created dramatic monologues, but also introduced many other literary genres to English literature. Canterbury Tales, the most famous work of Chaucer, is a treasure house of literary genres. Although there are only 21 complete stories and other unfinished fragments in Chaucer’s story collection, they include most literary genres in Europe at that time, such as Knight stories, marketplace stories, tragedy stories, comedy stories, legends, saints, historical legends, religious miracles, animal fables, religious fables, sermons, etc. Chaucer’s introduction of tragic stories into English literature is of special significance.Chaucer not only created works famous in the world, but also created a tradition. His experiment and exploration opened up a new era of English literature, especially laid a foundation for the overall prosperity of English literature in the Elizabethan era. Shakespeare and other successors were the biggest beneficiaries of the exploration and innovation in Chaucer’s era. Among the major English writers of his time, Chaucer was undoubtedly the most widely influenced by foreign influences, but from the perspective of the history of English literature, he was the most “British” and was regarded as “the father of English poetry”. 17.What kind of English does Chaucer use
答案: London dialect.
18、 9.ChaucerThere was no printed book in Chaucer’s time, and there was little contact between different parts of the UK, so the English spoken by different regions was quite different. Moreover, at that time, the court language was French, and the academic language was Latin. Chaucer was the first court writer to write in English. He lives in London and naturally uses the English of the counties in the middle of England, rather than the northern or southern dialects of England. His works have made great contributions to the formation of modern English.Chaucer is the first writer who uses monologue to create characters. The beauty of this technique lies in that it is not the characters who directly say what kind of people they are, but that they often unconsciously expose their essence and character in their own lives. For example, the despicability of selling atonement coupons is not that he tells how greedy and shameless he is, but that he talks about it. He’s not repenting, he’s preaching.Chaucer not only created dramatic monologues, but also introduced many other literary genres to English literature. Canterbury Tales, the most famous work of Chaucer, is a treasure house of literary genres. Although there are only 21 complete stories and other unfinished fragments in Chaucer’s story collection, they include most literary genres in Europe at that time, such as Knight stories, marketplace stories, tragedy stories, comedy stories, legends, saints, historical legends, religious miracles, animal fables, religious fables, sermons, etc. Chaucer’s introduction of tragic stories into English literature is of special significance.Chaucer not only created works famous in the world, but also created a tradition. His experiment and exploration opened up a new era of English literature, especially laid a foundation for the overall prosperity of English literature in the Elizabethan era. Shakespeare and other successors were the biggest beneficiaries of the exploration and innovation in Chaucer’s era. Among the major English writers of his time, Chaucer was undoubtedly the most widely influenced by foreign influences, but from the perspective of the history of English literature, he was the most “British” and was regarded as “the father of English poetry”. 18.What kind of story is not involved in the Canterbury Tales
答案: supermarket stories
19、 10.William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare (April 23, 1564-april 23, 1616) is the most outstanding dramatist in the history of British literature, one of the most important and greatest writers in the Renaissance in Europe, the integrator of humanistic literature at that time, and one of the most outstanding writers in the world.Born and raised in Stratford on Avon, Shakespeare was sent to a local grammar school, where he studied for six years and mastered the basic skills and rich knowledge of writing at the age of seven. In addition, he studied Latin and Greek. Because of his father’s bankruptcy, he didn’t graduate and went on his own way to make a living.In 1577, he was taken back from school by his father, who had to help him do business for a period of time. He worked as an apprentice in a butcher’s shop, taught in a rural school, and worked in various other professions, which increased his social experience.Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway at the age of 18 and had three children: Susanna, twins Hamnett and Judith. From the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century, Shakespeare began his successful career in London. He was not only an actor and playwright, but also one of the partners of the palace minister troupe（剧团）, later renamed King troupe. Around 1613, Shakespeare retired to Stratford on Avon and died three years later.1590-1600 is the golden age of Shakespeare’s creation. His early plays, mainly comedies and historical plays, reached a peak of depth and artistry in the late 16th century. From 1601 to 1608, he mainly wrote tragedies. Shakespeare advocated noble sentiment and often described sacrifice and revenge, including Othello, Hamlet, King Lear and Macbeth, which were considered as the best examples of English. In the last stage of his life, he began to create tragicomedy, also known as legendary drama.The works handed down by Shakespeare include 37 plays, 154 sonnets and two chief narrative poems. His plays are translated into various major languages and performed far more often than all other dramatists. 19.What’s the first job of William Shakespeare
答案: Apprentice
20、 10.William ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare (April 23, 1564-april 23, 1616) is the most outstanding dramatist in the history of British literature, one of the most important and greatest writers in the Renaissance in Europe, the integrator of humanistic literature at that time, and one of the most outstanding writers in the world.Born and raised in Stratford on Avon, Shakespeare was sent to a local grammar school, where he studied for six years and mastered the basic skills and rich knowledge of writing at the age of seven. In addition, he studied Latin and Greek. Because of his father’s bankruptcy, he didn’t graduate and went on his own way to make a living.In 1577, he was taken back from school by his father, who had to help him do business for a period of time. He worked as an apprentice in a butcher’s shop, taught in a rural school, and worked in various other professions, which increased his social experience.Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway at the age of 18 and had three children: Susanna, twins Hamnett and Judith. From the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century, Shakespeare began his successful career in London. He was not only an actor and playwright, but also one of the partners of the palace minister troupe（剧团）, later renamed King troupe. Around 1613, Shakespeare retired to Stratford on Avon and died three years later.1590-1600 is the golden age of Shakespeare’s creation. His early plays, mainly comedies and historical plays, reached a peak of depth and artistry in the late 16th century. From 1601 to 1608, he mainly wrote tragedies. Shakespeare advocated noble sentiment and often described sacrifice and revenge, including Othello, Hamlet, King Lear and Macbeth, which were considered as the best examples of English. In the last stage of his life, he began to create tragicomedy, also known as legendary drama.The works handed down by Shakespeare include 37 plays, 154 sonnets and two chief narrative poems. His plays are translated into various major languages and performed far more often than all other dramatists. 20.Which tragedy is not written by William Shakespeare
答案: King Auther
第七、八周 8.3 第八单元词汇测验
1、 Ignoring something will not make it go away.
答案: Paying no attention to
2、 Because Bob had stopped reading his technical journals, he was ignorant of new development in his field.
答案: unaware
3、 Many notables will attend this evening’s news conference.
答案: VIPs
4、 The students will be notified regarding the entrance examination.
答案: informed
5、 The neighbourhood is notorious for robbery.
答案: widely known
6、 The mark denotes that something has been omitted.
答案: signifies
7、 Some very great men have come from ignoble families.
答案: humble
8、 I can’t decide yet, but anyhow I will act according to conscience.
答案: sense of right and wrong
9、 Was he conscious of what he was saying at the time
答案: aware
10、 The good news caused a sensation throughout the nation.
答案: an excitement
11、 The goose quill pen has a great sentimental appeal in this AX century’s highly mechanized culture.
答案: emotional
12、 She resented being called a baby.
答案: was indignant at
13、 Several dissenting statements were made.
答案: different
14、 It is essential that you have these transcripts translated and typed.
答案: important
15、 The representatives of the company seemed very insensitive to the conditions of the workers.
答案: indifferent
16、 The boss smiled his assent to my request.
答案: compliance
17、 Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed incredible when it was first introduced.
答案: unbelievable
18、 John had no alternative but to run away from his creditor.
答案: moneylender
19、 Equal rights regardless of sex, race, or creed are guaranteed by the Constitution.
答案: religious belief
20、 He has a prejudice against all kinds of modern music.
答案: bias
第七、八周 8.4 第八单元阅读理解
1、 1. Middle EnglishIf you were to travel back in time to the tenth century, 1. What happened during Chaucer’s lifetime
答案: English’s status was greatly improved.
2、 1. Middle EnglishIf you were to travel back in time to the tenth century, but now most people know what it means! 2. Why was Chaucer so great
答案: He first used formal English to write.
3、 2. Shakespeare: Soul of the AgeShakespeare was born on the 23rd of April 1564, 3. What does “Macbeth” belong to
答案: Tragedy.
4、 2. Shakespeare: Soul of the AgeShakespeare was born on the 23rd of April 1564, 4. From the passage, we can know that Shakespeare contributes a lot in_.
答案: Both A, B, C.
5、 3. The History of the English Dictionary In 1746, Samuel Johnson began to work on his most famous book, the Dictionary of the English Language. 5. Elizabeth Porter ______.
答案: was older than Johnson by twenty-one years
6、 3. The History of the English Dictionary In 1746, Samuel Johnson began to work on his most famous book, .6. The Dictionary of the English Language was the first ______.
答案: English dictionary to have 40,000 words
7、 4.Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer (born 1340/44,died 1400) is remembered as the author of The Canterbury Tales, 7. Why in 1385 when Chaucer moved to Kent was a period of great creativity for him
答案: Because he produced most of his best poetry.
8、 4.Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer (born 1340/44,died 1400) is remembered as the author of The Canterbury Tales, 8. Which of the following work was not created by Chaucer
答案: The Consolation of Philosophy.
9、 5. Queen Elizabeth IIQueen Elizabeth II is not only the queen of the United Kingdom, 9. As she grew older, Princess Elizabeth __．
答案: started to take part in British public life
10、 5. Queen Elizabeth IIQueen Elizabeth II is not only the queen of the United Kingdom, b10. Which of the following statement is true
答案: She has been on the throne for more than forty years.
11、 6.Act I of HamletThe ghost of the King of Denmark tells his son Hamlet to avenge his murder by killing the new king, 11.Why did the Ghost appear
答案: To meet Hamlet.
12、 6.Act I of HamletThe ghost of the King of Denmark tells his son Hamlet to avenge his murder by killing the new king, 12.How did Hamlet do after he swore vengeance for his father
答案: He pretended to be mad.
13、 7.Act I of The Merchant of VeniceAntonio, an antisemitic merchant, 13.Which one is not the possible option for the correct casket in paragraph 3
答案: Bronze
14、 7.Act I of The Merchant of VeniceAntonio, an antisemitic merchant, 14.Who is the servant of Shylock
答案: Launcelot.
15、 8.Romeo and JulietRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare 15.Romeo and Juliet belongs to .
答案: Tragedy
16、 8.Romeo and JulietRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William 16.Which one has not been the adapted form for Romeo and Juliet according to the passage
答案: TV series
17、 9.Samuel JohnsonSamuel Johnson (18 September 1709 – 13 December 1784), 17.Which one is not wrote by Samuel Johnson
答案: The Life of Samuel Johnson
18、 9.Samuel JohnsonSamuel Johnson (18 September 1709 – 13 December 1784), 18.Which one is the last work of Samuel Johnson
答案: Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets
19、 10.Wycliffe’s BibleWycliffe’s Bible is the name now given to a group of B19.Why did John Wycliffe translate Bible
答案: To help Christian men to study the Gospel.
20、 10.Wycliffe’s BibleWycliffe’s Bible is the name now given to a group of 20.Who is not a possible author of Wycliffe’s Bible
答案: Henry IV
第九、十周 9.3 第九单元词汇测验
1、 If you cheat at examinations and tell lies, you degrade yourself.
答案: discredit
2、 After a long, hard struggle, we gradually succeeded in having people accept the truth of our theory.
答案: slowly
3、 The fiercely aggressive man pursued his goals ruthlessly.
答案: offensive
4、 The Chinese worship their ancestors.
答案: forefathers
5、 My wife didn’t accede with what you suggested to us.
答案: agree to
6、 Miss Jones, a reporter for the New York Times, had access to a lot of industries.
答案: admittance to
7、 Lyndon Johnson succeeded John Kennedy as president of United States.
答案: followed
8、 You must pay for the excess luggage.
答案: extra
9、 Misfortune always comes in succession.
答案: one after another
10、 Thousands of tourists invaded the old town.
答案: crowded into
11、 It takes a year for the earth to make its circuit of the Sun.
答案: round
12、 State universities get most of their revenue from taxes.
答案: income
13、 The boy had to go downtown on an errand for his boss.
答案: business
14、 We took refuge under a tree when it started to rain.
答案: shelter
15、 The children were exceedingly well behaved.
答案: especially
16、 The playing of the national anthem precedes all sports events.
答案: comes before
17、 There will be a short recess before the next game starts.
答案: break
18、 She went into a convent because she is tired of life.
答案: society of nuns
19、 What is your procedure in making such puddings
答案: process
20、 The initial step is often the most difficult.
答案: first
第九、十周 9.4 第九单元阅读理解
1、 1. ChristianityChristianity began life as a Jewish sect. 1. Why did Catholicism and Protestantism split
答案: Because they have different salvation advocacy.
2、 1. ChristianityChristianity began life as a Jewish sect. 2. Which of the following statement is Not true
答案: The New Testament focuses on the worldly fate in Israel instead of the eternal fate of individuals
3、 2. Constantine the GreatThe Roman Emperor Constantine (c 280 – 337 A.D.) 3. During Tetrarchy, Africa was ruled by _.
答案: Maxentius
4、 2. Constantine the GreatThe Roman Emperor Constantine (c 280 – 337 A.D.) 4. In paragraph six, which of the following word can replace the underlined word
答案: Defeated.
5、 3. Martin LutherMartin Luther was a monk who taught at a Catholic university 5. Which of the following statement is TRUE
答案: Luther translated the New Testament in Frederick’s castle.
6、 3. Martin LutherMartin Luther was a monk who taught at a Catholic university 6. Which of the following people worked to break away from the Catholic Church _.
答案: Both A, B, C.
7、 4. The Dark AgesThe Dark Ages are the period in Europe after the fall of the 7. From the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true
答案: There was no real developments of anything during the Dark ages.
8、 4. The Dark AgesThe Dark Ages are the period in Europe after the fall of the 8. Which of the following phenomenon may not be seen during the Middle Ages in Europe
答案: Many children go to schools to learn mathematics and science
9、 5. Holy Roman Emperor Henry IVThe Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor had d9. Which of the following word or phrase can replace the underlined word “irrevocable” in paragraph three？
答案: Unchangeable.
10、 5. Holy Roman Emperor Henry IVThe Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor 10. From the passage, we can know that___.
答案: Henry IV surrendered to Gregory at last.
11、 6. The CrusadesThe crusades were a series of religious wars in western Asia 11. Why did Crusaders fight against the Muslims of the eastern Mediterranean
答案: For the Holy Land.
12、 6. The CrusadesThe crusades were a series of religious wars in western Asia 12. Which one was not the Crusader state founded in the Near East
答案: The Kingdom of Tripoli.
13、 7. JerusalemJerusalem is located at the top of Judea mountains, 790 meters 13. Which three religions take Jerusalem as holy city
答案: Muslim, Christianity and Judaism.
14、 7. JerusalemJerusalem is located at the top of Judea mountains, 790 meters 14. When did the Jerusalem become the capital of Israel
答案: 1980.
15、 8. Puritan Movement in BritainThe first deeper wave of religious reform that 15. Why did the Protestants require further reforms of the Church of England according to the first paragraph
答案: There still existed many Roman Catholic churches in the Church of England.
16、 8. Puritan Movement in BritainThe first deeper wave of religious reform that the 16. Which King/ Queen has his/ her own version of Bible according to the passage
答案: King James.
17、 9. Origins of the Papal StatesThe Papal States were territories in central Italy 17. What did Pope Gregory the Great do in history
答案: All above.
18、 9. Origins of the Papal StatesThe Papal States were territories in central Italy 18. Who restored the captured land to the pope
答案: Pippin III.
19、 10. Humiliation of Canossa (excerpted)All the major Protestant reformers 19. Which point is not what all the major Protestant reformers disagree on
答案: The misstep started from January 1077 at Canossa, a castle in Tuscany.
20、 10. Humiliation of Canossa (excerpted)All the major Protestant reformers20. What did the corruption and immortality of the 11th century church stem from according to Gregory’s understanding
答案: The emperor picked the pope.
第九、十周 10.3 第十单元词汇测验
1、 The boss’ new assistant is a hard worker.
答案: partner
2、 Brooks Adams failed to find the universal law of commerce that he persistently sought.
答案: continuously
3、 After the war, people longed for a stable government.
答案: steady
4、 The constant motion of the earth as it turns on its axis creates the change of seasons.
答案: perpetual
5、 The elevator descended slowly to the ground floor.
答案: came down
6、 John is looking for a permanent position in the Civil Service.
答案: lasting
7、 It might be asked what the author’s basic motives were.
答案: intentions
8、 My father is now staying in a remote place neat Mount Ali.
答案: distant
9、 Stay away from mobs, lest you may get into trouble.
答案: disorderly crowds
10、 The path ascends here.
答案: goes up
11、 We have still tremendous obstacles to overcome before we can achieve our goal.
答案: bars
12、 They promoted the rock group’s new record by playing it often on the radio.
答案: publicized
13、 Miners are sometimes buried alive owing to roof collapses in a mine.
答案: breakdown
14、 The dangers of a life at sea generate superstitions.
答案: baseless beliefs
15、 The meeting was presided over by the mayor.
答案: conducted
16、 We have resided at 5304 Pine Street for the past 11 years.
答案: dwelt at
17、 Subsequent events proved the man to be right.
答案: Later
18、 America and Canada have many immigrants from Europe.
答案: settlers
19、 Although he was slight in stature, he was strong and respected by others.
答案: size
20、 The speaker made an emotional plea for money to help crippled children.
答案: a moving
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