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List of double placenames

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Double placenames prominently feature the placenames of two or more constituents in double-barrelled form rather than invent a new name. This is often out of consideration for local sensitivities, since the smaller entity may resent its takeover, and may demand its symbolic perpetuation within an amalgamated name so as to propagate the impression of a merger between equals.

Contents

Styles

In their English forms, the conjoined names may have the following patterns:

The punctuation and capitalization practices in written English vary:

Three-word names for two-part entities are often ambiguous. For example, it may not be clear whether North Rhine-Westphalia is an amalgamation between the north part of the Rhine Province on the one hand and Westphalia on the other (true) or the northern division of some pre-existing place called Rhine-Westphalia (false). While this problem does not arise in German, no entirely satisfactory punctuation of such names has been established in English. In the above case, the hyphen is often omitted because it is misleading. It has been proposed that this state's name be punctuated "North-Rhine/Westphalia" in English, but the solidus or forward slash is also ambiguous.

Neologisms

Some names have been merged and modified as an alternative to using hyphenation or grammatical conjunction:

False double placenames

Binomial placenames are not true double placenames, but elements in a hierarchical naming system. They are a means of distinguishing two entities which share a parent geographic feature. Examples:

They are often used for railway stations and airports:

Trenton–Mercer is an example of a marketing decision in which a small airport tries to associate itself with a larger city. Ryanair has been criticized for promoting names for airports unusually far from the city from which they are named, such as Paris Beauvais Tillé Airport (a triple name) and Frankfurt-Hahn Airport.

Binomial names may be seen in German-language texts to denominate parts of towns:

  • Bergen-Belsen: the Belsen section within the municipality of Bergen. (This form is now fixed in English when referring to the Nazi concentration camp and the present memorial there.)
  • Berlin-Charlottenburg: the district of Charlottenburg, Berlin

The word "and" in its name does not always signify the union of two distinct territories:

In dual naming, words in two different languages have been joined by a hyphen or a slash to become the community's (or geographic feature's) official name, often because of language politics:

Similarly, places may simply have an official name which consists of two names, such as the Australian territory of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, which consists of the North Keeling Island and the South Keeling Islands.

Transitional names

Sometimes names will be concatenated during a name change. Zimbabwe Rhodesia was the name of the former Rhodesia and future Zimbabwe from June 1 to December 12, 1979.

Sovereign states

Non-sovereign entities

Dependent territories

Regions of states

States of federations

Four regions of France, several federal subjects of Russia, most local government districts of Northern Ireland and some autonomous communities of Spain (Castile and León, Castile-La Mancha) also feature two or more placenames conjoined by a hyphen or with the word "and" (or its translation).

Provinces and counties

Capital cities

  • Budapest formed in 1873 by the amalgamation of three former capitals, Buda and Óbuda (Old Buda) on the right bank of the Danube, and Pest on the left bank.

Other cities and towns

  • Bielsko-Biała, a Polish city, is composed of two former towns on opposite banks of the Biała River, Silesian Bielsko and Lesser Poland's Biała, merged in 1951, both deriving from "white" (biała) in Polish.
  • Boguszów-Gorce, Polish town composed of two former towns of Boguszów and Gorce, merged in 1973
  • Boldești-Scăeni, Romanian town composed of two former settlements of Boldești and Scăeni, merged in 1968
  • Boulogne-Billancourt is the name of an industrial in the western suburbs of Paris, France. In 1924, the commune Boulogne-sur-Seine was officially renamed Boulogne-Billancourt to reflect the development of the industrial neighbourhood of Billancourt annexed in 1860. Many smaller French communes have been forced to merge, and double-barrelled names referring to two separate villages are not uncommon (e.g. Boutigny-Prouais in Eure-et-Loir).
  • Corigliano-Rossano, Italian comune composed of two former towns of Corigliano Calabro and Rossano, merged in 2018
  • Czechowice-Dziedzice, Polish town composed of two former settlements of Czechowice and Dziedzice, merged in 1951, under current name since 1958
  • Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Polish town composed of two former towns of Czerwionka and Leszczyny, merged in 1962
  • Dallas–Fort Worth is a metroplex and the usual name for the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area in Texas.
  • Golub-Dobrzyń, Polish town composed of two former towns of Golub and Dobrzyń on opposite banks of the Drwęca River, merged in 1951
  • Jelcz-Laskowice, Polish town composed of two former municipalities of Jelcz and Laskowice Oławskie, merged in 1987
  • Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Polish city composed of two former towns of Kędzierzyn and Koźle, merged in 1975
  • Knokke-Heist is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. The municipality comprises the towns Knokke and Heist-aan-Zee that merged also with some other minor locations in 1971.
  • Konstancin-Jeziorna, Polish town composed of two former towns of Skolimów-Konstancin and Jeziorna, merged in 1969
  • Mänttä-Vilppula, Finnish town composed of two former municipalities of Mänttä and Vilppula, merged in 2009
  • Morkovice-Slížany, Czech town composed of two former municipalities of Morkovice and Slížany, merged in 1960
  • Popești-Leordeni, Romanian town composed of two former settlements of Popești and Leordeni, merged in 1873
  • Rájec-Jestřebí, Czech town composed of two former municipalities of Rájec and Jestřebí, merged in 1960
  • Ruciane-Nida, Polish town composed of two former settlements of Ruciane and Nida, merged in 1966
  • Šaštín-Stráže, Slovak town composed of two former settlements of Šaštín and Stráže, merged in 1961
  • Sedlec-Prčice, Czech town composed of two former municipalities of Sedlec and Prčice, merged in 1957
  • Tel Aviv-Yafo, located on the Israeli coastal plain, was formed in 1950 when the ancient port city of Jaffa was merged with the Tel Aviv municipality to its north.

Former place names

Includes defunct personal unions and dissolved political unions.

Triple placenames

Polycentric metropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas composed of multiple cities and shared facilities are often collectively named or referred to with the names of their principal component cities. These are conjoined with an unspaced en dash in formal writing, though not journalism, which hyphenates. Some examples include:

Some may even be international conurbations (transborder agglomerations), and do not exist as geopolitical entities:

In cases where one of the cities in the metropolitan area is itself conjoined, some other form of punctuation may be used to separate them, e.g. Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, consisting of the cities of Scranton and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

Traditionally conjoined entities

Separate entities historically treated as one single unit by tradition or convention:

United Kingdom

England

Northern Ireland

Scotland

Wales

United States

Other countries

Quadruple placenames

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</span> District in Western India

Dadra and Nagar Haveli is a district of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu in western India. It is composed of two separate geographical entities: Nagar Haveli, wedged in between Maharashtra and Gujarat states 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the north-west, the smaller enclave of Dadra, which is surrounded by Gujarat. Silvassa is the administrative headquarters of Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daman and Diu</span> Former union territory in western India

Daman and Diu was a union territory in northwestern India. With an area of 112 km2 (43 sq mi), it was the smallest administrative subdivision of India on the mainland. The territory comprised two districts, Daman and Diu island, geographically separated by the Gulf of Khambat. The state of Gujarat and the Arabian Sea bordered the territory. A Portuguese colony since the 1500s, the territories were taken by India with the Annexation of Goa in 1961. Daman and Diu were administered as part of the union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu between 1961 and 1987, after the Goa Opinion Poll they became a separate union territory. In 2019, legislation was passed to merge the union territory of Daman and Diu with its neighbouring union territory, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, to form the new union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu with effect from 26 January 2020.

Diu may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silvassa</span> City in DNDD, India

Silvassa is a city and municipality in western India, and the headquarters of the Dadra and Nagar Haveli district. It was a part of the Daman district of the former Portuguese India, and is today the largest city in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Many large companies have established their manufacturing units there. The city has a large number of factories providing significant government revenue, which allows the city to maintain a low level of taxation. The city was chosen as one of the hundred Indian cities in Government of India's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vapi</span> City in Gujarat, India

Vapi, is a city and Municipal Corporation in Valsad district in the state of Gujarat, India. It is situated near the banks of the Daman Ganga River, around 28 km south of the district headquarters in the city of Valsad, and it is surrounded by the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. It is believed that the city got its name from the old small stepwell situated near the Balitha area. The meaning of vapi (वापी) in sanskrit is a water reservoir or a water storage body.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daman Ganga River</span> River in western India

The Daman Ganga also called Dawan River is a river in western India. The river's headwaters are on the western slope of the Western Ghats range, and it flows west into the Arabian Sea. The river flows through Maharashtra and Gujarat states, as well as the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. The industrial towns of Vapi, Dadra and Silvassa lie on the north bank of the river, and the town of Daman occupies both banks of the river's estuary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Goa, Daman and Diu</span> Former union territory of the Republic of India

Goa, Daman and Diu was a union territory of the Republic of India established in 1961 following the annexation of Portuguese India, with Maj Gen K P Candeth as its first Military Governor. The Goa portion of the territory was granted full statehood within the Indian union on 30 May 1987, Daman and Diu remained a separate territory until December 2019, when it was merged with Dadra and Nagar Haveli and is today the territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

Daman district, is one of four districts of the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu on the west coast of India. It is surrounded by the Valsad district of the Gujarat state to the north, east and south and the Arabian Sea to the west. The district has an area of 72 square kilometres (28 sq mi), and a population of 191,173 as of the 2011 census, an increase of 69.256% from the 2001 Census. The district headquarters is Daman. The previous territorial headquarters were in Panjim when it was jointly administered as Goa, Daman and Diu until the time of the Konkani language agitation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diu, India</span> City in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India

Diu, also known as Diu Town, is a medieval fortified town in Diu district in the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India. Diu district is the tenth least populated district of India. The town of Diu lies at the eastern end of Diu Island and is known for its fortress and old Portuguese cathedral. It is a fishing town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diu district</span> District in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India

Diu district is one of the three districts of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu of India. The district is made up of Diu Island and two small enclaves on the Indian mainland. The district headquarters are at Diu Town. It is the ninth least populous district in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli</span> Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli by India

The Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli was the conflict in which the territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli passed from Portuguese rule to independent rule, with Indian allegiance, in 1954.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union territory</span> Form of administrative division in India

A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike the states of India, which have their own governments, union territories are federal territories governed, in part or in whole, by the Union Government of India. There are currently eight union territories in India, namely, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Lakshadweep and Puducherry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tenth Amendment of the Constitution of India</span> Incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli

The Tenth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution Act, 1961, incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli as the seventh Union territory of India, by amending the First Schedule to the Constitution. It also amended clause (1) of article 240 of the Constitution to include therein the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in order to enable the President to "make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of the territory". The 10th Amendment retroactively came into effect on 11 August 1961.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Police</span> Police department of Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu

The Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Police is the law enforcement agency for the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Praful Khoda Patel</span> Indian politician and administrator

Praful Khoda Patel is an Indian politician who is currently the unelected administrator of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu and the union territory of Lakshadweep.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maghval</span> Village in Gujarat, India

Maghval, also known as Megwal and Meghwad, is a village in the Kaparada taluka of Valsad district in Gujarat State, India. It is a small enclave belonging to Gujarat, but located within Nagar Haveli, just south of Silvassa in the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. In January 2022, the government of India announced plans for the Maghval enclave to become part of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu but was deferred.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</span> Union territory of India

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu is a union territory in India. The territory was constituted through the merger of the former territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu. Plans for the proposed merger were announced by the Government of India in July 2019; the necessary legislation was passed in the Parliament of India in December 2019 and came into effect on 26 January 2020. The territory is made up of four separate geographical entities: Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, and the island of Diu. All four areas were formerly part of Portuguese India, with a joint capital at Panjim, Goa. They came under Indian rule in the mid-20th century after the Annexation of Goa. These were jointly administered as Goa, Daman and Diu until 1987, when Goa was granted statehood after the Konkani language agitation. The current capital is Daman and Silvassa is the largest city.

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