Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Weekly confirmed COVID-19 deaths
Map of cumulative COVID-19 death rates by US state.[1]

The CDC publishes official numbers of COVID-19 cases in the United States. The CDC estimates that, between February 2020 and September 2021, only 1 in 1.3 COVID-19 deaths were attributed to COVID-19.[2] The true COVID-19 death toll in the United States would therefore be higher than official reports, as modeled by a paper published in The Lancet Regional Health – Americas.[3] One way to estimate COVID-19 deaths that includes unconfirmed cases is to use the excess mortality, which is the overall number of deaths that exceed what would normally be expected.[4] From March 1, 2020, through the end of 2020, there were 522,368 excess deaths in the United States, or 22.9% more deaths than would have been expected in that time period.[5]

In February 2020, at the beginning of the pandemic, a shortage of tests made it impossible to confirm all possible COVID-19 cases[6] and resulting deaths, so the early numbers were likely undercounts.[7][8][9][10]

The following numbers are based on CDC data, which is incomplete.

Measuring case and mortality rates[edit]

Deceased persons in a 53-foot "mobile morgue" outside a hospital in Hackensack, New Jersey on April 27, 2020
COVID-19 pandemic in the United States by state and territory
Location[i] Cases[ii] Deaths[iii] Recoveries[iv] Hospital[v] Ref.
56 / 56 110,803,588 1,150,376
Alabama 1,659,966[vi] 21,138 [vi] 509,800[vi] 50,767 [vi] [11]
Alaska 304,887 1,485[vi] 7,165[vi] 4,208[vi] [12]
American Samoa 8,326 34 3 [13]
Arizona 2,573,627 34,545 152,685 [14]
Arkansas 1,039,712 13,406 992,651[vi] 37,576[vi] [15]
California 14,220,452 105,808 638,815 [16]
Colorado 1,859,741 15,769 105,984 [17][18]
Connecticut 983,652[vii] 12,354[vii] 12,257[vii] [19]
Delaware 345,998 3,544 18,371[vi] 34,820 [20]
District of Columbia 180,682 1,434[vii] 34,985[vi] [21]
Florida[viii] 7,937,619 93,063 78,472[vi] [22]
Georgia 3,223,054 43,590 149,236[vi] [23]
Guam 63,480 419 62,966 [24]
Hawaii 411,971 2,107 11,958[vi] 14,887[vi] [25]
Idaho 526,118[vi] 5,661 92,573[vi] 19,729[vi] [26][27]
Illinois 4,139,537[vi] 42,033[vi] 239,809 [28][29]
Indiana 2,177,727 27,480 1,864,365 186,861 [30][31]
Iowa 908,936 [vii] 10,797 [vii] 286,309 [vi] [32]
Kansas 946,564 [vi] 10,229 [vi] 20,081 [vi] [33]
Kentucky 1,808,735[vii] 19,385 53,643[vi] 74,109 [34]
Louisiana 1,683,744[vi] 19,366 429,935[vi] [35]
Maine 340,339 3,251 12,975[vi] 8,655 [36]
Maryland 1,431,528 17,505 52,646[vi] [37]
Massachusetts 2,337,612 25,409 644,061[vi] 118,948 [38][39]
Michigan 3,258,216 43,902 1,421,905 [vi] [40]
Minnesota 1,877,015 15,571 1,529,440[vi] 93,540 [41]
Mississippi 1,000,415[vi] 15,072 774,429[vi] 14,042[vi] [42][43]
Missouri 1,790,525[vi] 22,931[vi] [44]
Montana 333,758[vi] 3,712[vi] 329,725[vi] 14,414[vi] [45]
Nebraska 599,773 5,034 [vi] 142,336[vi] 6,411[vi] [46]
Nevada 916,245 12,319 [47]
New Hampshire 382,242[vi] 3,240 378,906[vi] 9,441[vi] [48]
New Jersey 3,237,287 36,593 175,740 [49]
New Mexico 717,266 9,236[vi] 660,313[vi] 39,956 [50]
New York 7,811,066 64,684 456,336 451,482 [51][52][53]
North Carolina 3,501,404 [vi] 29,059 [vi] 3,371,565[vi] 189,084 [54][55][56]
North Dakota 305,776 2,233[vii] 236,878[vi] 7,831[vi] [57]
Northern Mariana Islands 13,981[vi] 46[vi] 13,124[vi] 311[vi] [58]
Ohio 3,673,537 43,280 3,584,275 148,456 [59]
Oklahoma 1,306,350[vi] 16,157[vi] 1,288,527[vi] 45,990[vi] [60]
Oregon 975,856[vii] 10,095 41,388[vi] [61][62]
Pennsylvania 3,565,644[vi] 52,706 1,843,620[vi] [63]
Puerto Rico 1,421,787 7,100 442,126[vi] [64]
Rhode Island 462,555 4,279 22,966 [65]
South Carolina 1,859,979[vi] 20,353[vi] 559,814[vi] [66]
South Dakota 299,326 3,333 275,931[vi] 13,756 [67]
Tennessee 2,674,390 30,321 1,996,027[vi] 55,874 [68]
Texas 9,009,160 93,786 4,445,607[vi][ix] [69]
US Virgin Islands 25,952 133 25,808 [70]
Utah 1,127,934 5,527 1,103,895[vi] 42,433 [71][72]
Vermont 153,806[vii] 1,094 149,941[vi] [73]
Virginia 2,467,859 24,957 65,891 [74]
Washington 2,030,019 16,713 91,912 [75]
West Virginia 662,339[vii] 8,247[vii] 629,631[vi] [76]
Wisconsin 2,043,839[vi] 16,758[vi] 596,339[vi] 38,288[vi] [77]
Wyoming 194,280 2,093 154,312 1,395[vi] [78]
Updated:January 15, 2024 · History of cases: United States
  1. ^ Nationality and location of original infection may vary.
  2. ^ Reported confirmed and probable cases. Actual case numbers are probably higher. Currently, 35 jurisdictions regularly update this metric
  3. ^ Currently 36 jurisdictions regularly update this metric
  4. ^ "–" denotes that no data or only partial data currently available for that state, not that the value is zero.
  5. ^ Cumulative hospitalizations from positive cases reported from the state or the primary source. If a state only reports total cases from suspect COVID-19 cases, then cumulative hospitalizations from suspect cases are used. Data may be partial.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb no longer reported
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l No longer reported explicitly: maintains weekly update on the metric and it remains possible to calculate the cumulative, but due to either the lack of data for a long period of time or the change in reporting methods, such calculated count becomes arbitrary. Hence, the data recorded in the chart is no longer updated
  8. ^ Case and death figures in this chart for Florida include residents and non-residents.
  9. ^ This figure is an estimate from the Texas Department of State Health Services.

In early 2020, deaths from all causes exceeded the seasonal average,[79] and data from early 2020 suggest additional deaths that were not counted in official reported coronavirus mortality statistics.[80] Until February 28, 2020, CDC testing protocols allowed tests only for people who had traveled to China.[81] In most U.S. locations, testing for some time was performed only on symptomatic people with a history of travel to Wuhan or with close contact to such people.[82][83][84] The numbers were reported every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday and were split into categories: individual travelers, people who contracted the disease from other people within the U.S., and repatriated citizens who returned to the U.S. from crisis locations, such as Wuhan, where the disease originated, and the cruise ship Diamond Princess.[85]

By March 26, 2020, the United States, with the world's third-largest population, surpassed China and Italy as the country with the world's highest number of confirmed cases.[86] By April 25, the U.S. had more than 905,000 confirmed coronavirus cases and nearly 52,000 deaths, giving it a mortality rate around 5.7 percent. (In comparison, Spain's mortality rate was 10.2 percent and Italy's was 13.5 percent.)[87][88]

In April 2020, more than 10,000 American deaths had occurred in nursing homes. Most nursing homes did not have easy access to testing, making the actual number unknown.[89] President Trump established a Coronavirus Commission for Safety and Quality in Nursing Homes.[90][91] Subsequently, a number of states including Maryland[92] and New Jersey[93] reported their own estimates of deaths at nursing homes, ranging from twenty to fifty percent of the states' total deaths. A PNAS report in September 2020 confirmed that the virus is much more dangerous for the elderly than the young, noting that about 70% of all U.S. COVID-19 deaths had occurred to those over the age of 70.[94]

As of early August 2020, among the 45 countries that had over 50,000 cases, the U.S. had the eighth highest number of deaths per-capita. Its case fatality ratio, however, was significantly better where it ranked 24th in the world, with 3.3% of its cases resulting in death.[95] Several studies suggested that the number of infections was far higher than officially reported, and thus that the infection fatality rate was far lower than the case fatality rate.[96][97]

The CDC estimates that 40% of people infected never show symptoms (i.e. are asymptomatic),[98] although there is a 75% chance they can still spread the disease. And while children have a lower risk of becoming ill or dying, the CDC warns that they can still function as asymptomatic carriers and transmit the virus to adults.[98] The American Academy of Pediatrics's weekly report[99] from when states started reporting to September 17, 2020, tracked 587,948 child COVID-19 cases, 5,016 child hospitalizations, and 109 child deaths.[100]

Epidemiologists depend on accurate reporting of cases and deaths to advise government response,[101] and some have questioned the reliability of the numbers of confirmed cases.[102] Rates differ among U.S. states, and there are also racial and economic disparities.[103][104][105] After a group of epidemiologists requested revisions in how the CDC counts cases and deaths, the CDC in mid-April 2020 updated its guidance for counting COVID-19 cases and deaths to recommend that U.S. states report both confirmed and probable ones, though the decision is left to each state.[106]

On September 25, 2020, The Lancet published the largest study at the time to measure COVID-19 antibody levels in the US population, finding that less than ten percent of the U.S. population had been exposed.[107][108][109] The study was published at a time when, according to Newsweek, "some U.S. officials have floated the concept of herd immunity as a possible strategy to manage the national outbreak,"[110] and according to the lead author of the study, Stanford Center for Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease director Shuchi Anand, "this study does not support that there is herd immunity."[111] The research also uncovered racial and economic disparities in populations with COVID-19 antibodies[112][103] and highlighted the need for public health intervention to address the disparities.[104][105] At the time of the publication of the study, Anand announced that researchers would monitor the study participants for months to help determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 mitigation tactics.[110][112][108]

As of May 2021, the Centers for Disease Control estimated that there had been approximately 120 million infections in the United States.[113]

According to the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University as of 19:21 Eastern Standard Time (EST) on 7 August 2021, the total COVID-19 cases in the US has crossed the 35.73 million mark, with the death toll reaching 616,712.[114]


Progression charts[edit]

New daily cases[edit]

Number of new daily cases, with a 21-day centered moving average:[115]

Deaths per day[edit]

Number of new daily deaths attributed to COVID-19, with a 21-day centered moving average:[115]

Weekly all-cause deaths[edit]

Weekly predicted deaths, non-COVID excess, and COVID-related excess deaths in the U.S. based on CDC data as of April 10, 2023 which is "Predicted (weighted)" (rather than tabulated) and commonly takes 60 days to fully collate.[116] As such, the data are split and the fields indicated by (*) are not confirmed, including both the 60-day window and any data from the CDC that had numerical inconsistencies (e.g. predicted + excess ≠ observed.) Also, key actions and milestones in the progression of the outbreak are annotated, selectively drawn from COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: Timeline.

Hospitalizations[edit]

Daily hospital and ICU occupancy numbers, as of January 3, 2023:[117]


Deaths by age[edit]

Number of COVID-19 deaths by age as of April 11, 2023:[118][119]

Provisional COVID-19 deaths in the United States by age as of April 11, 2023
Age group Death count % of deaths
All ages 1,125,044 100%
Under 1y 471 <0.1%
1-4y 258 <0.1%
5-14y 479 <0.1%
15-24y 2,970 0.3%
25-34y 12,210 1%
35-44y 29,787 3%
45-54y 70,753 7%
55-64y 157,966 15%
65-74y 252,945 23%
75-84y 293,622 26%
85y and over 303,583 26%

Deaths by sex[edit]

Number of COVID-19 deaths by sex and age as of April 12, 2023:[120]

Deaths by state[edit]

COVID-19 deaths per million of the populations of each state, along with the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico,[121] as of February 9, 2023:

When the data was adjusted to take into account age and co-morbidities, Arizona had the highest rate of Covid-related deaths in the country (581 deaths per 100,000 people). Washington, D.C. (526 per 100,000) and New Mexico (521 per 100,000) were the second and third worst states. Hawaii, on the other hand, had the lowest adjusted Covid death rate at 147 deaths per 100,000 people. It was followed by New Hampshire (215 per 100,000) and Maine (281 per 100,000).[122]

Vaccine distribution[edit]

Vaccinations in the U.S. per day:[117]

Cumulative vaccine doses administered in the U.S.[117]

Number of U.S. positive test individuals by state over time[edit]

Data for all state charts sourced from the NY Times COVID Data, as of January 3, 2023.[115] (This reference tends to include confirmed and suspected cases. This leads to some disparity with other sources).

> 6,000,000 positive test individuals[edit]

2,000,000–6,000,000 positive test individuals[edit]

1,000,000–2,000,000 positive test individuals[edit]

400,000–1,000,000 positive test individuals[edit]

<400,000 positive test individuals[edit]

Death projections[edit]

On March 31, 2020, the CDC projected that eventually 100,000–240,000 Americans would die of coronavirus.[123] The lower end of the estimate was reached within two months after the CDC made its projection,[124] and the upper end was surpassed in November 2020.[125] It is hard to say if the projections were accurate as some of the time they were, while others were very much off, however it was hard to predict the amount of deaths when new variants like the Omicron variant and the Delta variant were rising.

The CDC uses an ensemble forecast, meaning it receives predictions from multiple sources and aggregates them to make its own forecast. As of December 2020, the CDC included 37 modeling groups in its ensemble forecast and was predicting the death toll 4 weeks in advance.[126]

Examples:

  • At the end of May 2020, the CDC correctly projected the death toll would surpass 115,000 by June 20.[127][128]
  • At the end of July 2020, the CDC correctly projected the death toll would surpass 168,000 by August 22.[129]
  • In mid-October 2020, the CDC correctly projected the death toll would reach 230,000–250,000 by mid-November.[129]

In mid-February 2021, when the death toll had already reached 470,000,[130] the IHME projected that the death toll would reach 600,000 by June 1.[131] However, the death rate dropped during this time period and the total death toll on June 1 was not as high as expected, having reached only about 592,000.[132] The total of 600,000 was reached two weeks later.[133]

In mid-September 2021, when the death toll had already reached 670,000, the IHME projected that the death toll would reach 775,000 by the end of the year.[134] That number was reached by the end of November 2021.[135]

On January 12, 2022, when the death toll had already reached 842,000, a CDC ensemble forecast predicted that 62,000 people would die over the next four weeks.[136]

At the start of January 2023, when the US death toll had accumulated to over 1,120,000, the IHME projected that the death toll would reach 1,130,000 by April 1.[137]

Comparisons[edit]

Epidemics of similar size (the number is the U.S. death toll):

Other large epidemics:

References[edit]

  1. ^ COVID-19 Deaths per 100K. U.S. News & World Report. Run your cursor over the map to see the dates and data for each state. "The data on this page is courtesy of USAFacts – a nonprofit, nonpartisan civic initiative – and includes information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state and local health departments. See a detailed methodology at the USAFacts website."
  2. ^ "Cases, Data, and Surveillance". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 11, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
  3. ^ Iuliano, A. Danielle; Chang, Howard H.; Patel, Neha N.; Threlkel, Ryan; Kniss, Krista; Reich, Jeremy; Steele, Molly; Hall, Aron J.; Fry, Alicia M.; Reed, Carrie (July 13, 2021). "Estimating Under-recognized COVID-19 Deaths, United States, March 2020-May 2021 using an Excess Mortality Modelling Approach". The Lancet Regional Health – Americas. 1: 100019. doi:10.1016/j.lana.2021.100019. ISSN 2667-193X. PMC 8275579. PMID 34386789.
  4. ^ "Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  5. ^ Woolf, Steven H.; Chapman, Derek A.; Sabo, Roy T. (April 2, 2021). "Excess Deaths From COVID-19 and Other Causes in the US, March 1, 2020, to January 2, 2021". JAMA. 325 (17): 1786–1789. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5199. PMC 8019132. PMID 33797550. S2CID 232763669.
  6. ^ Multiple sources:
  7. ^ Kliff, Sarah; Bosman, Julie (April 5, 2020). "Official Counts Understate the U.S. Coronavirus Death Toll". The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  8. ^ Abdelmalek, Mark; Margolin, Josh; Katersky, Aaron; David, Eden (April 7, 2020). "Coronavirus death toll in US likely worse than numbers say". ABC News. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
  9. ^ Brown, Emma; Reinhard, Beth; Davis, Aaron C. (April 5, 2020). "Coronavirus death toll: Americans are almost certainly dying of covid-19 but being left out of the official count". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
  10. ^ Swan, Jonathan; Baker, Sam (May 6, 2020). "Trump and some top aides question the accuracy of virus death toll". Axios.
  11. ^ "COVID-19 in Alabama Dashboard". Alabama Department of Public Health. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  12. ^ "Alaska Department of Health Respiratory Virus Snapshot". Alaska Department of Health and Social Services. November 18, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  13. ^ "Covid 19 coronavirus: Samoan officials on alert after three sailors test positive". The New Zealand Herald. November 9, 2020. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  14. ^ "ADHS - Data Dashboard". Arizona Department of Health Services. November 18, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  15. ^ "COVID-19 Arkansas Department of Health". November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  16. ^ "Respiratory Virus Dashboard Metrics". California Department of Public Health. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
  17. ^ "Colorado COVID-19 Updates". November 21, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  18. ^ "CDPHE COVID19 Colorado Death Tables". CDPHE open data. Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
  19. ^ "COVID-19 state level data". Connecticut Open Data. June 1, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  20. ^ "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)". Delaware Division of Public Health, State of Delaware's Latest Status. November 15, 2023. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
  21. ^ "DC COVID-19 weekly cases". Open Data DC. November 12, 2023. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
  22. ^ "Florida COVID-19 Data". FLHealthCharts. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  23. ^ "Georgia COVID-19 Status Report". Georgia Department of Public Health. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  24. ^ "Guam COVID-19 Dashboard". dphss.guam.gov. December 12, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  25. ^ "Current Situation in Hawaii". health.hawaii.gov. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  26. ^ "Idaho Official Resources for the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)". Idaho Official Government Website. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  27. ^ "COVID-19 in Idaho". public.tableau.com. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  28. ^ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Illinois Test Results". Illinois Department of Public Health. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
  29. ^ "Seasonal Respiratory Illness Dashboard". Illinois Department of Public Health. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
  30. ^ "ISDH - Novel Coronavirus: Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)". Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  31. ^ "COVID-19 Dashboard". Regenstrief Institute. February 25, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  32. ^ "Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network". idph.iowa.gov. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  33. ^ "COVID-19 Cases in Kansas | KDHE COVID-19". coronavirus.kdheks.gov. November 26, 2023. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
  34. ^ "kycovid19.ky.gov". govstatus.egov.com. January 28, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  35. ^ "RESPIRATORY VIRUS DASHBOARD". ldh.la.gov. January 28, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  36. ^ "COVID-19: Maine Data". Maine Center for Disease Control & Prevention: Division of Disease Surveillance. December 24, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  37. ^ "Coronavirus – Maryland Department of Health". health.maryland.gov. January 28, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  38. ^ "COVID-19 Daily Dashboard". mass.gov. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  39. ^ "Respiratory Illness Reporting". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  40. ^ "Michigan Data". State of Michigan. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  41. ^ "Situation Update for COVID-19". Minnesota Department of Health. January 17, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  42. ^ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Mississippi State Department of Health. December 24, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  43. ^ "COVID‐19 Provisional Mississippi Death Counts" (PDF). Mississippi State Department of Health. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  44. ^ "COVID-19 Outbreak". Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. January 28, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  45. ^ "Montana Response: COVID-19 - Coronavirus - Global, National, and State Information Resources". Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  46. ^ "Nebraska Respiratory Illness Dashboard". Nebraska Department of Health and Human Service. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  47. ^ "Monotoring COVID-19 in Nevada". State of Nevada Department of Health and Human Services: Office of Analytics. December 24, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  48. ^ "Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)". New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services. December 24, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  49. ^ "New Jersey COVID-19 Information Hub". February 13, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
  50. ^ "NMDOH Viral Respiratory Infection Dashboard". Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  51. ^ "New York State Statewide COVID-19 testing". Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  52. ^ "New York State Statewide COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Beds". Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  53. ^ "Fatality". Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  54. ^ "(Archive) COVID-19 Cases and Deaths Dashboard". May 11, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  55. ^ "COVID-19 Recovery Report (North Carolina)". January 29, 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 30, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  56. ^ "Data Behind the Dashboard". NC Department of Health and Human Sservice. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  57. ^ "North Dakota Coronavirus Cases". North Dakota Department of Health. December 24, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  58. ^ "Information about COVID-19". February 1, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  59. ^ "Ohio Department of Health". data.ohio.gov. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  60. ^ "Oklahoma COVID-19 statistics". www.health.state.ok.us. January 28, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  61. ^ "Oregon Health Authority : Emerging Respiratory Infections: COVID-19 : Diseases A to Z : State of Oregon". oregon.gov. December 24, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2020.
  62. ^ "COVID-19 related deaths". Retrieved November 30, 2023.
  63. ^ "COVID-19 Data for Pennsylvania". health.pa.gov. Pennsylvania Department of Health. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  64. ^ "Actualización diaria" (in Spanish). December 12, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  65. ^ "Rhode Island COVID-19 Data Hub". RI Department of Health. December 24, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  66. ^ "Respiratory Disease Watch". scdhec.gov. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  67. ^ "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updates and Information". South Dakota Department of Health. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  68. ^ "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)". Tennessee Department of Health. February 13, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  69. ^ "Texas COVID-19 Surveillance". dshs.texas.gov. Texas DSHS. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  70. ^ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". January 11, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  71. ^ "Respiratory Disease Surveillance". December 24, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  72. ^ "Query Builder for Utah Lab-Confirmed COVID-19 Cases - Count". Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  73. ^ "Case Dashboard Vermont Department of Health". Vermont Department of Health. January 8, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  74. ^ "VDH COVID-19 Public Use Dataset Cases". Virginia Department of Health. January 28, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  75. ^ "COVID-19 morbidity and mortality by race, ethnicity and spoken language in Washington state" (PDF). Washington Department of Health. November 1, 2023. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  76. ^ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". West Virginia Department of Health & Human Resources. December 24, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  77. ^ "2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak (COVID-19)". Wisconsin Department of Health Services. February 13, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  78. ^ "Wyoming COVID-19 data". Retrieved November 26, 2023.
  79. ^ Wu J, McCann A, Katz J, Peltier E (April 21, 2020). "28,000 Missing Deaths: Tracking the True Toll of the Coronavirus Crisis". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  80. ^ Katz, Josh; Lu, Denise; Sanger-Katz, Margot (April 28, 2020). "U.S. Coronavirus Death Toll Is Far Higher Than Reported, C.D.C. Data Suggests". The New York Times. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  81. ^ Moon, Sarah; Yan, Holly; Christensen, Jen; Maxouris, Christina. "The CDC has changed its criteria for testing patients for coronavirus after the first case of unknown origin was confirmed". CNN. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  82. ^ Madrigal, Robinson Meyer, Alexis C. (March 6, 2020). "Exclusive: The Strongest Evidence Yet That America Is Botching Coronavirus Testing". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 23, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  83. ^ "Persons Evaluated for 2019 Novel Coronavirus—US, Jan 2020". Medscape. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  84. ^ McFall-Johnsen, Morgan. "A New York City man wasn't tested for the coronavirus even though he had symptoms and had gone to Japan. It highlights the troublingly limited scope of US testing". Business Insider. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  85. ^ "International Locations with Confirmed COVID-19 Cases". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 11, 2020. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  86. ^ Nicole Chavez; Holly Yan; Madeline Holcombe (March 26, 2020). "US has more known cases of coronavirus than any other country". CNN. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  87. ^ "U.S. Has One of the Lowest Coronavirus Mortality Rates Worldwide but Highest Number of Deaths". Newsweek. April 21, 2020.
  88. ^ "Coronavirus (COVID-19) deaths worldwide per one million population as of November 20, 2020, by country". Statista. November 20, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
  89. ^ "10,000 deaths: Ravaged nursing homes plead for more testing". KMGH. Associated Press. April 23, 2020. Archived from the original on April 25, 2020.
  90. ^ "President Donald J. Trump Remains Committed to Caring for Our Nation's Seniors During the Coronavirus Pandemic and Beyond". whitehouse.gov. April 30, 2020 – via National Archives.
  91. ^ "President Trump delivers remarks on senior citizens and COVID-19". USA Today. April 30, 2020.
  92. ^ "Nursing homes account for more than half of Maryland's coronavirus deaths. Some want the state to do more". The Baltimore Sun. April 28, 2020.
  93. ^ "Coronavirus deaths in nursing homes grow, as N.J. still tries to sort out the grim toll in each facility". NJ.com. April 27, 2020.
  94. ^ "Demographic perspectives on the mortality of COVID-19 and other epidemics", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Sept. 8, 2020
  95. ^ "Charts: How The U.S. Ranks On COVID-19 Deaths Per Capita—And By Case Count", NPR, August 5, 2020
  96. ^ Donnelly, Claire (July 2, 2020). "Wake Forest COVID Study: Death Rate, Severity Of Symptoms Is Lower Than First Thought". WUNC. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  97. ^ Sheyner, Gennady (April 21, 2020). "Los Angeles study backs Stanford researchers' conclusion about high prevalence of COVID-19". Palo Alto Online. Retrieved August 1, 2020.
  98. ^ a b "40% of people infected with COVID-19 are asymptomatic, a new CDC estimate says", Business Insider, July 13, 2020
  99. ^ "Children and COVID-19: State-Level Data Report". American Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  100. ^ American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children's Hospital Association (September 17, 2020). Children and COVID-19: State Data Report (PDF) (Report). American Academy of Pediatrics. pp. 9–11. Retrieved September 22, 2020.
  101. ^ "WHO says China revised coronavirus infection data to 'leave no case undocumented'". CNBC. April 17, 2020.
  102. ^ Rothwell, Jonathan; Desai, Sonal (December 20, 2020). "How misinformation is distorting COVID policies and behaviors". The Brookings Institution. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  103. ^ a b Foster, Robin; Mundell, E.J. (September 29, 2020). "Global Death Toll From COVID-19 Passes One Million". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  104. ^ a b Ghosh, Abantika (September 26, 2020). "Stanford study estimates fewer than 10% US adults had Covid antibodies in July". The Print. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  105. ^ a b Van Beusekom, Mary. "Less than 10% of US population has COVID-19 antibodies, data show". Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  106. ^ "How Accurate Are Coronavirus Death Counts?". WebMD. April 17, 2020.
  107. ^ White, Tracie (September 28, 2020). "Fewer than 1 in 10 Americans have antibodies to coronavirus, study finds". Stanford University News Center. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  108. ^ a b Weintraub, Karen (September 28, 2020). "About 9% of Americans exposed to COVID-19 by midsummer. That's a long way from herd immunity". USA Today. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  109. ^ Cortez, Michelle Fay (September 25, 2020). "Covid Immunity Remains Low With Under 10% of U.S. Adults Exposed". Bloomberg News. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  110. ^ a b Czachor, Emily (September 27, 2020). "National Coronavirus Antibody Study Suggests Herd Immunity 'Remains Out of Reach' in the U.S." Newsweek. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  111. ^ Feuer, Will (September 26, 2020). "Fewer than 10% of Americans show signs of past coronavirus infection, study finds". CNBC. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  112. ^ a b Cortez, Michelle Fay (September 28, 2020). "Covid Insights Come From Dialysis Patients". Bloomberg. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
  113. ^ "Estimated COVID-19 Burden". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 27, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  114. ^ "US cumulative Covid cases reach 36mn mark, toll at 6,16,712". Connectedtoindia. August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021.
  115. ^ a b c "NY Times COVID 19 Dataset". The New York Times. Retrieved March 19, 2021.
  116. ^ "Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 10, 2023.
  117. ^ a b c "owid/covid19-data/public/data/". GitHub.
  118. ^ "Provisional COVID-19 Death Counts by Sex, Age, and Week)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  119. ^ "COVID-19 Provisional Counts - Weekly Updates by Select Demographic and Geographic Characteristics". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 17, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  120. ^ "COVID-19 Provisional Counts - Weekly Updates by Select Demographic and Geographic Characteristics". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
  121. ^ "Coronavirus (COVID-19) U.S. Deaths". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
  122. ^ Reed, Tina (March 24, 2023). "Why America was uniquely vulnerable to COVID". Axios.
  123. ^ Shear, Michael D.; Crowley, Michael; Glanz, James (March 31, 2020). "Coronavirus May Kill 100,000 to 240,000 in U.S. Despite Actions, Officials Say". The New York Times. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  124. ^ "Coronavirus Live Updates: Four Months After First Case, U.S. Death Toll Passes 100,000". The New York Times. May 28, 2020. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
  125. ^ "US COVID-19 Deaths Reach 240K as Daily Cases Set Another Record". NBC Connecticut. November 9, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  126. ^ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 11, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
  127. ^ Holcombe, Madeline (May 29, 2020). "With the coronavirus pandemic entering a new phase in the US, world health experts shift focus to new hot spots". CNN. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  128. ^ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the U.S." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 28, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  129. ^ a b "Forecasts of COVID-19 Deaths". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 31, 2020.
  130. ^ "COVID Data Tracker". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 28, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  131. ^ Marsh, Jenni (February 14, 2021). "More than 600,000 Americans will have died of coronavirus by June 1, model forecasts". CNN. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  132. ^ "COVID Data Tracker". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 28, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  133. ^ Ang, Katerina; Berger, Miriam; Bellware, Kim (June 16, 2021). "United States surpasses 600,000 coronavirus deaths". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
  134. ^ "IHME | COVID-19 Projections". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  135. ^ "COVID Data Tracker". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 28, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
  136. ^ Guy, Jack; Strange, Hannah; Mogul, Rhea; Renton, Adam (January 12, 2022). "CDC forecast predicts more than 62,000 Covid-19 deaths in the US in the next four weeks". CNN. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
  137. ^ "IHME | COVID-19 Projections". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  138. ^ "The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the United States: The Basics". Kaiser Family Foundation. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  139. ^ a b c "Past Pandemics". June 11, 2019. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.

External links[edit]