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Terms in this set (132)
What was Europe like in the prelude to the war (1933-1939)?
- efforts of collective security in the 1920s--the Leage of Nations, the attempts at disarmament, the pacts and treaties--proved to be meaningless to the Nazis
- France and GB still weary from WWI, so refused to accept possibility of another war
- Soviet Union outcasted by Western powers, turned in on itself
- USA withdrew into traditional isolationism
- E. European countries were too weak to oppose Germany
- France and GB still weary from WWI, so refused to accept possibility of another war
- Soviet Union outcasted by Western powers, turned in on itself
- USA withdrew into traditional isolationism
- E. European countries were too weak to oppose Germany
What was Hitler's outlook on race?
- believed only Aryans capable of building a great civ
- threatened by the eastern Slavs
- believed in Lebensraum (living space) which meant a nation's power depended on the amount and kind of land it occupied
- anti-semitism
- threatened by the eastern Slavs
- believed in Lebensraum (living space) which meant a nation's power depended on the amount and kind of land it occupied
- anti-semitism
DO MORE OF PG. 783 UNDER ROLE OF HITLER SECTION
ROLE OF HITLER SECTION
What was the diplomatic revolution in 1933-1936? And what was Germany's position during this time? What problems did it face geographically?
- 1933 Hitler became chancellor of Germany and Germany's position seemed weak
- Versailles treaty DMZ on Germany's western border that would let the French move into the industrialized parts of Germany
- to the east: Poland and Czechoslovakia had defensive treaties with France
- limited German army and naval forces
- Versailles treaty DMZ on Germany's western border that would let the French move into the industrialized parts of Germany
- to the east: Poland and Czechoslovakia had defensive treaties with France
- limited German army and naval forces
What were some advantages Germany had in 1933-1939? What was Hitler aware of (in terms of the other countries)? And what did Hitler plan to do to take power?
- most populous European state after the Soviet Union
- had a great industrial capacity
- Hitler knew that GB and France didn't want another war B/C it was costly/losses
- Hitler knew France was a threat to unarmed Germany, but he thought that if could keep France from acting against Germany, he could remove restrictions imposed by Versailles
- had a great industrial capacity
- Hitler knew that GB and France didn't want another war B/C it was costly/losses
- Hitler knew France was a threat to unarmed Germany, but he thought that if could keep France from acting against Germany, he could remove restrictions imposed by Versailles
What did Hitler's ability to rearm Germany depend on? What steps did he take in the early years?
- depended on being able to convince others that his actions were peaceful
- Hitler emphasized that Germany wished only to revise the unfair provisions of Versailles by peaceful means
- in first 2 years in power, Hitler took cautious steps
- then in 19333, withdrew Germany from the Geneva Disarmament Conference + League of Nations for domestic political reasons
--gave Germany the feeling that their country was independent of other countries
- Hitler emphasized that Germany wished only to revise the unfair provisions of Versailles by peaceful means
- in first 2 years in power, Hitler took cautious steps
- then in 19333, withdrew Germany from the Geneva Disarmament Conference + League of Nations for domestic political reasons
--gave Germany the feeling that their country was independent of other countries
How did Hitler rearm Germany?
- 1935, Hitler thought he could break TOV rules w/out GB and France getting mad
- knew that France and GB wanted to maintain international status quo w/out force
- 1935 announced the creation of a new air force + military draft to expand the army x5
- knew that France and GB wanted to maintain international status quo w/out force
- 1935 announced the creation of a new air force + military draft to expand the army x5
What did other countries do when Hitler rearmed Germany?
- TOV France, GB, and Italy said NO, but they didn't take any action
- GB also openly accepted Germany's right to rearm by agreeing to the 1935 Anglo-Germanic Naval Pact
--this was a part of GB policy of appeasement
- GB also openly accepted Germany's right to rearm by agreeing to the 1935 Anglo-Germanic Naval Pact
--this was a part of GB policy of appeasement
What is the policy of appeasement?
- based on the belief that if European states satisfied reasonable demands of unhappy powers, then they would be content
- stability and peace could be achieved ideally
- especially GB B/C they didn't want another war and wanted a bulwark against Soviet Comm.
- stability and peace could be achieved ideally
- especially GB B/C they didn't want another war and wanted a bulwark against Soviet Comm.
What happened during the occupation of the Rhineland in 1936? What did the events of the occupation show about the Western countries and Hitler?
- Hitler sent troops to the DMZ Rhineland B/C knew the Western democracies had no intention to use force against him
- France wouldn't act w/out GB support, but GB used policy of appeasement and let it happen
- this showed that the W. countries were weak and Hitler felt superior
- restored German honor
- France wouldn't act w/out GB support, but GB used policy of appeasement and let it happen
- this showed that the W. countries were weak and Hitler felt superior
- restored German honor
What were Hitler's new allies in 1935?
- allied w/ Benito Mussolini (Fascist Italy)
--imperial invasion of Ethiopia, but was stopped by France and GB which made Mussolini mad and want to join forces w/ Hitler
-Franco of the Spanish Civil war in 1936 drew the nations closer together (WHY? ???????????)
- Rome Berlin Axis in 1936
- Anti Comintern Pact 1936
--imperial invasion of Ethiopia, but was stopped by France and GB which made Mussolini mad and want to join forces w/ Hitler
-Franco of the Spanish Civil war in 1936 drew the nations closer together (WHY? ???????????)
- Rome Berlin Axis in 1936
- Anti Comintern Pact 1936
What were the Rome-Berlin Pacts and Anti-Comintern Pacts of 1936?
- Rome-Berlin Pact = recognized common political and economic interests with Mussolini and Hitler
- Anti-Comintern Pact = Germany and Japan agree to maintain a common front against communism
- Anti-Comintern Pact = Germany and Japan agree to maintain a common front against communism
What happened at the end of 1936? How did Hitler achieve a "diplomatic revolution"?
- TOV was virtually scrapped and Germany was a world power
- Hitler used skills in taking advantage of Europeans' desire for peace
- used the tactic of peaceful revision
- used tactic of legality in his pursuit of power
- Hitler/Nazis gained enough power such that he could initiate more daring foreign policy
- Hitler used skills in taking advantage of Europeans' desire for peace
- used the tactic of peaceful revision
- used tactic of legality in his pursuit of power
- Hitler/Nazis gained enough power such that he could initiate more daring foreign policy
What was Hitler's main goal by 1937? What countries did he need to deal with first?
- conquest of living space in the east despite war with France and GB
- needed to deal with Austria and Czechoslovakia and secure its eastern and souther flanks
- needed to deal with Austria and Czechoslovakia and secure its eastern and souther flanks
Who was Neville Chamberlain?
- GB PM in 1936
- advocate of appeasement
- believed that survival of the GB Empire depended on an accommodation w/ Germany
- in 1937, Chamberlain made it known to Hitler that he would not oppose changes in central Europe, as long as "peaceful"
- advocate of appeasement
- believed that survival of the GB Empire depended on an accommodation w/ Germany
- in 1937, Chamberlain made it known to Hitler that he would not oppose changes in central Europe, as long as "peaceful"