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Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Contents
Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia Contents
Geoff Emberling
Bruce Williams2021, Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia
The cultures of Nubia built the earliest cities, states, and empires of inner Africa, but they remain relatively poorly known outside their modern descendants and the com-munity of archaeologists, historians, and art historians researching them. e earliest archaeological work in Nubia was motivated by its role as neighbor, trade partner, and enemy of ancient Egypt. Increasingly, however, ancient Nile-based Nubian cultures are recognized in their own right as the earliest complex societies in inner Africa. As agro-pastoral cultures, Nubian settlement, economy, political organization, and religious ideologies were organized differently from those of the urban, bureaucratic, and overwhelmingly agricultural states of Egypt and the ancient Middle East. Nubian societies are thus of great interest in comparative study, and are also recognized for their broader impact on histories of the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, as well as of neighboring areas. Although the archaeology and history of Nubia remains incompletely known, the pace of research on Nubia has increased significantly in the last fifteen years. It is partly because of new dam construction and resulting salvage excavation, partly because other areas of the Middle East and North Africa have become less accessible to research, and partly because of generous funding from the Qatar-Sudan Archaeological Project for about forty archaeological projects in Sudan from 2014 to 2020. The most recent survey of ancient and medieval Nubia—David Edwards’s The Nubian Past (2004)—remains a thought-provoking and insightful overview, but does not take account of more recent research. This volume therefore gathers new research and analytical perspectives on these cultures in the hope that it will make them more accessible to scholars and the broader public. Edited by Emberling and Williams
Related Papers
N. Spencer and A. Stevens (eds.), The New Kingdom in Nubia: Lived experience, pharaonic control and indigenous traditions, British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan no. 3, Leuven 2017: Peeters
D.A. Aston and M. Bietak, “Nubians in the Nile Delta: à propos Avaris and Peru-Nefer,” in: N. Spencer and A. Stevens (eds.), The New Kingdom in Nubia: Lived experience, pharaonic control and indigenous traditions, British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan no. 3, Leuven 2017: Peeters, 489-522.2017 •
This paper deals with the finds of Nubian pottery within the stratigraphy of Tell el-Dab‘a/Avaris. This material seems to originate from Nubians who lived at this site because the open containers were not suitable for sending commodities. Some of the pottery was most probably produced locally. These Nubians were probably traders or mercenaries. They originated from several Nubian cultures. Before and after the Hyksos Period material of the Kerma Culture was involved. During the Hyksos Period, there is no save evidence for the presence of Kerma people. The ceramic remains seem to be distantly related to the Pan-Grave Culture but lack the typical Pan-Grave forms. In the New Kingdom, the pottery displays mainly Kerma beakers and Kerma cooking pots besides other incised wares. Our theory is that after the destruction of the Kingdom of Kush, Kerma people were recruited as soldiers and sent to the other extreme part of Egypt to be ready for the envisaged campaigns in the Near East.
M. Honegger (ed.) Nubian Archaeology in the XX1st Century: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference for Nubian Studies, Neuchâtel, 1st-6th September 2014 (Leuven)
The African Topographical lists of the New Kingdom and the Historical Geography of Nubia in the Second Millenium BCE2018 •
2019 •
2013 •
Synopsis This is the first book to claim that the Black Nubians played an essential role in the rise of Ancient Egyptian civilization. Ross is the first scholar to argue that there is a shared origin of Nile Valley Civilization between Nubian and Egyptian cultures. Nubia today is known as the nation-states of Sudan and South Sudan, and has been misrepresented for thousands of years by Egyptian sources, which minimized the role the people played in world history. This book draws on recent archaeological findings that claim Pharonic symbolism, sacred bark, and serekh, are of Nubian origin, not Egyptian. Chapters 1. Explanation of Human Origins & Civilization; 2. Nubia & Egypt, From the Late Paleolithic; 3. Nubia & Egypt circa 3200 BCE; 4. Deconstructing the Idea of Wretched Kush: Nubia & Egypt After 3200 BCE; 5 Perspective, Objectivity, and the Representation of Nubia; 6. Recapitulations, Conclusions, and Recommendations for the Study of Nubia; 7. Index.
2020 •
The Nubian collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, is arguably the finest outside Khartoum thanks to the excavations of George Reiser in the early 20th century and the partage system in place at the time. Yet for a long time, relatively few people outside the scholarly world knew of its existence. This paper presents the display history of the Nubian collection, with a focus on the 2019 temporary exhibition Ancient Nubia Now, which featured the cultures of Kerma, Napata, and Meroe, and also explored race, prejudice and African-American scholarship on Nubia. Through both community consultation and engagement as well as visitorship, the exhibition demonstrated that ancient Nubia is indeed very relevant in the 21st century, and can be used to excite and inform, and help bring inclusion, diversity, equity, and accessibility to the Museum.
Drumspeak, International Journal of Research in the Humanities
Economic Factors in the Emergence of Nubian Kingdoms, University of Cape Coast, 2009, Vol.2, No.2, pp.28-48,2009 •
It is an incontrovertible fact that Nubia was an important region of Africa in classical antiquity*. It served as a bridge that facilitated socio-economic relations between Black Africa, the Arabised Near Eastern and the Mediterranean world. Today, Nubia, otherwise called ‘the kingdom of Kush’, lies directly up the Nile River between Aswan in Southern Egypt and Khartoum district in northern Sudan. With a history that can be traced to 3100BC onward, the region was famous not only as a result of its being the gateway to the vast reaches of interior Africa but also because it serves as a mirror to the remote past and beauty of the entire continent. Many scholars have already given various reasons for the emergence and external relations of Nubia with the classical world especially in political terms. However, my attempt in this paper is to consider this emergence and foreign relations as far as reasonable in its economic conditions. Since the ancient economy, which was basically agrarian, could not be gauged on the terms appropriate to the modern economic system with its enormous conglomeration of interdependent market systems, I have identified Nubian natural resources as the basic economic factors that facilitated the kingdom’s emergence and foreign relations. Using a simple method of content analysis of literary and archaeological sources, this paper surveys the subject of emergence and external relations from Nubia’s earliest times to the fall of its Meroitic kingdom in the 4th century AD.
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