As a Cruise Director, I often receive questions from passengers about various destinations and topics. One common question that arises is about the countries that make up the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula is located in southwestern Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is home to several countries, including Spain and Portugal, which make up the majority of the peninsula. In addition to these two countries, there are also other nations considered part of the Iberian Peninsula, such as Andorra, Gibraltar, and a small part of France.
The Iberian Peninsula is separated from France by the Pyrenees Mountains and is about nine miles from Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar. The largest country on the peninsula is Spain, which covers approximately 79% of the total area. Portugal, on the other hand, occupies a smaller portion of the peninsula but is still an important part of the region. Andorra, Gibraltar, and the sliver of France also contribute to the diverse cultural and historical makeup of the Iberian Peninsula.
It is worth noting that the term “Iberian” refers to someone or something originating from the Iberian Peninsula, specifically Spain, Portugal, Gibraltar, and Andorra. This term is often used to describe the unique characteristics and cultural heritage of the people from these regions.
The name “Iberia” for the peninsula has ancient roots and can be traced back to the ancient inhabitants called Iberians by the Greeks. The name probably originated from the Ebro River (Iberus), the second longest river on the peninsula after the Tagus.
Despite sharing similarities in language, heritage, and geographical proximity, Spain and Portugal have separate histories and identities. Portugal gained independence from the Islamic Caliphates in 1095, while Spain achieved that status 400 years later. However, from 1580 to 1640, Spain ruled over Portugal.
The Iberian Peninsula has a rich and diverse genetic history. Modern Iberians have genetic ancestry from Neolithic farmers, ancient hunter-gatherers, and steppe people. As early as 2500 B.C., Iberians began living alongside people from central Europe who had recent genetic ancestry from the Russian steppe. Over time, these groups interbred extensively, further shaping the genetic landscape of the region.
The Iberian Peninsula has a long and storied history that dates back to ancient times. Under Roman rule, the peninsula was known as Hispania and was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. It was during this time that the Roman influence shaped the cultural and linguistic foundations of the region.
The Iberians, an ancient pre-Celtic people, settled in the British Isles around 2000 B.C. They lived during the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, leaving their mark on the early history and development of Great Britain.
The Iberian Peninsula also played a significant role in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. As European explorers discovered the “new world,” a large-scale migration of people from the Iberian Peninsula to the Americas began. This led to many Central and South Americans having Iberian ancestry today.
The Spanish people predominantly descend from the pre-Roman inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula, including pre-Indo-European and Indo-European speaking groups such as the Iberians, Vettones, Turdetani, and Aquitani.
It is essential to clarify that having Iberian DNA does not necessarily indicate recent relatives in a specific location. Ancestry results indicating a percentage of Iberian ancestry typically refer to genetic markers associated with the Iberian Peninsula, which includes Spain and Portugal, but not limited to those regions. Iberian Peninsula DNA can be found in varying degrees across Europe.
The Iberian Peninsula is known for its diverse and stunning landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and vibrant history. Whether you are interested in exploring the historical sites of Spain and Portugal or experiencing the unique charm of Andorra and Gibraltar, the Iberian Peninsula offers something for every traveler.
In conclusion, the Iberian Peninsula is made up of several countries, including Spain, Portugal, Andorra, Gibraltar, and a small part of France. These nations contribute to the vibrant culture and heritage of the region, making it a fascinating destination for travelers seeking history, natural beauty, and cultural experiences.