Bavaria was the only one of the four original provinces of Germany to maintain an autonomous existence within part of its original territory throughout the medieval and into the modern period.� Formed as a Frankish protectorate by the Merovingians, and ruled by the dukes of the Agilolfing family, Bavaria was more or less independent from the mid-7th century.� The Carolingians were less tolerant of this situation and invaded Bavaria in 724, 743 and 749[1].� Charles I King of the Franks finally conquered the duchy of Bavaria in 788, forcing the abdication of the last Agilolfing Duke Tassilo II.� Bavaria was incorporated into the Frankish kingdom as a province, and was a sub-kingdom of the Carolingian Frankish empire from 814.�

After more than two centuries as a province in the Frankish empire, the Luitpolding family reasserted Bavarian autonomy in the early 10th century, by which time the central power of the Carolingians was in significant decline.� Luitpold, the earliest known definite ancestor of the family, was related to Emperor Arnulf (although the precise relationship is unknown) who installed him in Bavaria in [895/98].� Some contemporary sources attribute the title dux to Luitpold and his son Arnulf, although others refer to them as comes.� It is clear that the title dux was not at first formally recognised by the central authority of the kings of Germany as the early dukes are consistently referred to as comes in imperial diplomas until after the accession of King Otto I in 936.� The deposition of Duke Eberhard in 938 by King Otto marked a temporary decline in the region's authority on a national level.� Nevertheless, the internal position of the Bavarian dukes remained strong and unified, enabling them to maintain considerable influence over the counties within their duchy and claim reversionary rights in the estates of families which became extinct[2].� This is typified by the duke's role as commander of the tribal levy, in which even troops supplied to the king of Germany by the Bavarian bishops formed part of the ducal forces[3].�

Between the mid-940s and 1180, the dukes of Bavaria belonged to seven different dynasties.� Ducal appointment remained in the hands of the king/emperor who used it both as a means of rewarding service and strengthening his personal control over the province.� The latter objective was in practice only achieved when the king/emperor retained the duchy within his own hands, as was the case with Heinrich II, Heinrich III and Heinrich IV (through his mother) at various different times in the 11th century.� The installation of imperial relatives as dukes provided no guarantee of pliability, as Emperor Otto I found with his rebellious nephew Duke Heinrich II.�

The territory of the early marches in Bavaria remained under the control of the duke, who was the suzerain of the Markgrafen, which contrasted with the situation in Saxony.� The march of the "Bayerischen Nordgau" was established by King Otto I in the early 940s along the border with Bohemia.� The Ostmark, which later evolved into the margraviate of Austria, was formed in 976 by Emperor Otto II along the frontier with Hungary, although Markgrafen in the "Pannonian March" are recorded about a century earlier (see the document AUSTRIA).� The "K�rntner Mark", which later developed into the Steiermark or Styria, was also established in the late 10th century, although the precise date is uncertain.� Lastly, the march of Istria, which was able to establish greater autonomy because of its geographic distance from the central authority, was formed in north-east Italy in the early 11th century[4] (see the document CARINTHIA for the K�rtner Mark and the march of Istria).�

All the counties in Bavaria were fiefs of the duke, contrasting once more with the situation in Saxony.� Jordan asserts that there is no record in the 12th century of a count in Bavaria being appointed by the crown[5], although it is clear that there must have been some crown land in Bavaria as Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" enfeoffed Heinrich "der L�we" with numerous imperial fiefs when he installed him as duke of Bavaria in 1156[6].� Regensburg, always the residence of the dukes of Bavaria, became an imperial free city in the 13th century.�

Religious administration in Bavaria centred on the archbishopric of Salzburg, established by the Carolingians in 785.� The bishoprics within the province were Freising, Passau and Regensburg, all dating from the mid-8th century.� In addition, the bishoprics of Eichst�tt and Augsburg in Bavaria, also founded around the same time, fell within the archiepiscopal province of Mainz.� Heinrich II King of Germany established the bishopric of Bamberg in 1007 as an exempt see, outside any archiepiscopal province and responsible direct to the Pope, presumably as a means of increasing imperial control in Bavaria over both church and lay authorities.�

The original territory of Bavaria was significantly reduced when Carinthia was separated as a separate duchy in 976.� The march of Austria remained a fiefdom of the duchy of Bavaria until 1156, when it was elevated to the status of a separate duchy in order to compensate Heinrich II Markgraf of Austria for the loss of Bavaria when Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" returned it to the Welf family[7].� In 1180, after Emperor Friedrich I deprived Heinrich "der L�we" Duke of Bavaria and Saxony of his titles, he further partitioned Bavaria, creating Otto von Wittelsbach as duke in the Bavarian heartland and transforming the margraviate of Styria into a separate duchy[8].� Rule over different parts of Bavaria ( Lower Bavaria in the north and Upper Bavaria in the south) was divided between different family members.�

Although by then its territory was truncated, the Wittelsbach duchy consolidated its position and remained a powerful force in regional and international politics until the fall of the German Empire after the First World war.�

Chapter 1.�� DUKES of BAVARIA, AGILOLFING families

There is considerable uncertainty about the early dukes of Bavaria, not only their relationship to each other but even their names and order of succession.� The mid-13th century Series Ducum Bavari� lists, in order, the dukes from 514 as Theodo "dux primus", Theodo II, "Garibaldus rex", Tassilo [I] dux, Theodo III "quem sanctus Ruodbertus baptizavit", Theodebertus, Theodo IV "qui cum filiis sanctum Corbiniacum locavit Frisinge", Theodaldus dux, Grimoaldus dux "fratris filius", Hugpertus dux, Udilo dux "cum Theodone frater", Thassilo dux II "cum filio eius Theodone"[9].� This listing is not consistent with earlier sources.� The following attempts to highlights the differences but inevitably remains an incomplete assessment.� As noted in the Introduction to the present document, the Carolingians conquered Bavaria in 788 and reduced it to a province in the Frankish empire.�

THEODO, son of --- (-514).� THEODO I Duke of Bavaria.� The death in 514 of "Theodo dux Baioari�" is recorded in the Excerpta Altahensia[10].�

Theodo I had one child:�

1. THEODO (-after 520).� He succeeded his father in 514 as THEODO II Duke of Bavaria.� The succession in 514 of "Theodo filius eius [=Theodo dux Baioari�]" is recorded in the Excerpta Altahensia[11].� The Annales Ducum Bavari� record that the Roman army was defeated by "Theodone secundo" at Oettingen in 520[12].�

1. GARIBALD (-[591]).� GARIBALD I Duke of Bavaria.� The Salzburg Annals record that "Gerbaldus Bawari� regnum accepit" in 598[13], although this is inconsistent with the dates attributed in other sources to Duke Tassilo I (see below).� The references in primary sources to his wife imply that Garibald was already duke of Bavaria at the time of his marriage.� m (after 555) as her third husband, WALDRADA, widow (firstly) of THEODEBALD I King of the Franks, repudiated wife (secondly) of CLOTAIRE I King of the Franks, daughter of WACCHO King of the Lombards & his second wife Ostrogotha of the Gepides.� The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Wisigarda�secund� Walderada" as the two daughters of Wacho & his second wife, specifying that Waldrada married "Scusuald regis Francorum" and later "Garipald"[14].� The Historia Langobardorum names "Waldrada" as Wacho's second daughter by his second wife, specifying that she married "Chusubald rex Francorum"[15].� Paulus Diaconus names "Wisigarda�[et] secunda Walderada" as the two daughters of King Wacho & his second wife, specifying that Walderada married "Cusupald alio regi Francorum" and later "Garipald"[16].� Gregory of Tours names Vuldetrada as the wife of King Theodebald[17].� Herimannus names "Wanderadam" wife of "Theodpaldus rex Francorum" when recording her second marriage to "Lotharius rex patris eius Theodeberti patruus"[18].� According to Gregory of Tours, King Clotaire "began to have intercourse" with the widow of King Theodebald, before "the bishops complained and he handed her over to Garivald Duke of Bavaria"[19], which does not imply that King Clotaire married Waldrada.� Duke Garibald & his wife had three children:�

a) GUNDOALD (-murdered 612).� Fredegar records that "Gundoaldus" invaded part of the kingdom of Guntram King of the Franks in Nov [584][20].� The Liber Histori� Francorum records that the Burgundians and Austrasians entered "paygo Suessionico cum Gundoaldo et Wintrione" and were defeated at "Brinnacum villam" and fled after the battle, dated to soon after the accession (in 592) of Childebert II as king in Burgundy[21].� The Annales Ducum Bavari� name "Gundoaldo" as son of "Garibaldo rege Baiorionem" when recording that he and his father fled to Authari King of the Lombards in 593[22].� Duke of Asti: the Origo Gentis Langobardorum records that "Theudelenda frater�Gundoald" accompanied his sister to Italy and was installed as "ducem in civitatem Astense" by his brother-in-law King Authari[23].� Fredegar records the death of Gundoald "shot with an arrow while he was relieving nature"[24].� Paulus Diaconus records that "Gunduald�germanus Theudelind� regin�dux in civitate Astensi" was killed by an arrow[25].� m ---, a Lombard.� Fredegar records the marriage of "Gundoaldus" and "de gente nobile Langobardorum�uxorem", naming their two sons "Gundeberto et Chairiberto"[26].� Gundoald & his wife had two children:�

i) GUNDEBERT .� Fredegar names "Gundeberto et Chairiberto" as the two sons of Gundoald & his wife[27].�

ii) CHARIBERT (-after [628]).� Fredegar names "Gundeberto et Chairiberto" as the two sons of Gundoald & his wife[28].� He supported his cousin Gundberga Queen of the Lombards in her dispute with her husband[29].� This dispute must have taken place in 628 at the earliest, assuming that the queen remained in exile for three years and her husband's accession took place in 625.� same person as�?� ARIBERT (-Ticino 661, bur Basilica of the Saviour, Ticinum).� Paulus Diaconus records that Rodoald King of the Lombards was succeeded by "Aripert, filius Gundoaldi, qui fuerat germanus Theudelind� regin�"[30].� If this is correct, King Aribert was the first cousin, on her mother's side, of Queen Gundberga, the wife of at least two of King Aribert's predecessors.� Primary sources report the activities of Queen Gundberga in detail, suggesting that she may have been a person of sufficient influence at the Lombard court to have engineered the succession of her relative.� However, the relationship is not corroborated in other identified sources, all of which are silent on the origin of King Aripert.� He succeeded in 652 as ARIPERT King of the Lombards.�

-�� KINGS of the LOMBARDS.�

b) THEODELINDIS.� Her first betrothal is recorded by Fredegar who specifies that "Ago rex" married "Grimoaldi et Gundoaldi germanam�Teudelend� ex genere Francorum" who had been betrothed to "Childebertus"[31].� The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Theudelenda filia Garipald et Walderade de Baiuaria" as the wife of "Autarine filio Claffoni"[32].� Paulus Diaconus records the betrothal of "Flavius�rex Authari" and "Garibaldi�regis�Theudelindam suam filiam" and their subsequent marriage "Idus Maius"[33].� The Salzburg Annals name "Gerbaldi regis filiam Theodelingam" when recording her marriage to "Otharius rex Lombardorum"[34].� The marriage of "Theodolindum filiam Gerwaldi regis Baioariorum" to "Otharius rex Longobardorum" is recorded in the Excerpta Altahensia[35].� Paulus Diaconus records that, after the death of her first husband, "Theudelinda" wisely chose "Agilulfum ducem Taurinatium" as her husband and king of the Lombards[36].� The Annales Ducum Bavari� record her second marriage to "Aigilulfus rex Lombardum"[37]. �The Origo Gentis Langobardorum records that "Theudelenda filia Garipald et Walderade de Baiuaria" married secondly "Acquo" who installed himself as king[38].� The Chronicle of Andreas of Bergamo names "Teudelinda filia Garibaldi Baioariorum rex" as the wife first of Autari and then of Agilolf[39].� Betrothed to CHILDEBERT II King of the Franks in Austrasia, son of SIGEBERT I King of the Franks & his wife Brunechildis of the Visigoths (570-[2/28] Mar 596).� m firstly (before [590]) as his second wife, AUTHACHAR [Authari] King of the Lombards, son of KLEPH King of the Lombards & his wife --- (-5 Sep 590).� m secondly (late 590 or after) [as his second wife,] AGILOLF King of the Lombards, son of --- (-615).�

c) daughter .� Paulus Diaconus records that "Euin dux Tridentinorum" married "filiam Garibaldi Baioariorum regis"[40].� m EVIN --- (-[590/96]).� Paulus Diaconus records that "Euin Tridentinus dux" was given "Tridentinum territorium" after it was devastated by "duce Francorum Chramnichis" whom he defeated "in loco qui Salurnis dicitur"[41].� Paulus Diaconus records that "Euin dux Tridentinus" led the army of King Authari when he invaded Istria[42].� Paulus Diaconus records the death of "Euin�duce in Tridentu" and that "Gaidoaldus" was installed as his successor[43].� This text immediately precedes the report of the death of Childebert II King of the Franks which is dated to 596.�

1. TASSILO, son of --- (-609).� TASSILO I Duke of Bavaria 591.� Paulus Diaconus records that "Tassilo" was ordained as "Baioarium rex" by "Childeberto rege Francorum"[44].� This passage is included in the text after the accession of Agilulf King of the Lombards, which is dated to [590], but before the report of the death of Evin Duke of Trentino.� The Annales Ducum Bavari� record that "Tassilo dux" reigned in Bavaria in 593[45].� m ---.� The name of Duke Tassilo's wife is not known.� Duke Tassilo I & his wife had one child:�

a) GARIBALD (-640).� Paulus Diaconus names "Tassilone duce Baiorariorum, filius eius Garibaldus" when recording that he was defeated by the Slavs "in Agunto" after his father died[46].� GARIBALD II Duke of Bavaria 609.��

1. CHRODOALD, son of --- (-murdered [625/26]).� Fredegar records that "ex procerebus de gente nobile Aygolfingam nomen Chrodoaldus" fell into disfavour with King Dagobert I "through the instrumentality of Bishop Arnulf" as he "was for ever greedily seizing the property of others � [and] as proud and insolent as could be", and that he was killed in the 41st year of the reign of King Clotaire II by "Berthar homo Scarponiensis"[47].� It is not known how Chrodoald was related to the Agilolfing family of the Dukes of Bavaria, if at all.� m (before 609) --- of the Franks, daughter of [SIGEBERT I King of the Franks & his wife Brunechildis of the Visigoths].� The Vita Columbani names "Chrodoaldus�regi Theuderico fideli" and his wife "amitam Theudeberti regis"[48].� Chrodoald & his wife had one child:�

a) FARA (-killed in battle 641).� Dux in Austrasia.� Fredegar records that "Faram filio Chrodoaldo" rebelled against King Sigebert, helped by Radulf Duke of Thuringia, but was killed[49].�

1. --- .� Duke of Bavaria.� The identity of this Bavarian duke is not known, assuming that the report of Paulus Diaconus is accurate.� m --- of Friulia, daughter of GISULF II Duke of Friulia & his wife Romilda --- (before 610-).� Paulus Diaconus names "una Appa alia Gaila�duarum vero nomina non retinemus" as the daughters of "Gisulfus Foroiulanus dux", recording that one later married "Alamannorum regi, alia�Baioariorum principi", without specifying which[50].�

1. THEODO, son of --- .� THEODO III Duke of Bavaria 640.� The Annales Ducum Bavari� name (in order) "Theodo�Theodo [et] Theodebertum" as Dukes of Bavaria[51].� The mid-13th century Series Ducum Bavari� lists, in order, the dukes from 514 as Theodo "dux primus", Theodo II, "Garibaldus rex", Tassilo [I] dux, Theodo III "quem sanctus Ruodbertus baptizavit"�[52].� Presumably "sanctus Rudobertus" refers to Ruotbert who was the first Abbot and Bishop of Salzburg from 696 to 717.� If this is correct, this baptism cannot refer to Duke Theodo III, the dates being more consistent with Duke Theodo V (see below).� Some corroboration for the baptism of a duke Theodo is provided by the Excerpta Altahensia, which records the baptism in 580 of "Theodonem ducem"[53].� In this case the date of the baptism is much earlier than the likely dates of Duke Theodo III, and falls during the reign of Duke Garibald I.� Clearly there is something fundamentally wrong with the chronology.�

1. THEODO, son of --- .� THEODO IV Duke of Bavaria.� The Annales Ducum Bavari� name (in order) "Theodo�Theodo [et] Theodebertum" as Dukes of Bavaria, this being the second Theodo[54].� The mid-13th century Series Ducum Bavari� lists, in order, the dukes from 514 as Theodo "dux primus", Theodo II, "Garibaldus rex", Tassilo [I] dux, Theodo III "quem sanctus Ruodbertus baptizavit", Theodebertus, Theodo IV "qui cum filiis sanctum Corbiniacum locavit Frisinge"�[55], which appears to ignore this Duke Theodo IV.� Theodo IV had one child:�

a) LANTPERT .� The Annales Ducum Bavari� name "Lantpertus" as son of the second "Theodo", recording that he killed "sanctum Emmaramum"[56].�

1. THEODEBERT, son of --- .� THEODEBERT Duke of Bavaria.� The Annales Ducum Bavari� name (in order) "Theodo�Theodo [et] Theodebertum" as Dukes of Bavaria, recording that "Aspirandus et�Liuprandus" fled to "Theodebertus dux" in 670[57].��

[Two] siblings:�

1. THEODO, son of --- (-11 Dec 718).� THEODO V Duke of Bavaria.� The mid-13th century Series Ducum Bavari� lists, in order, the dukes from 514 as Theodo "dux primus"�Theodebertus, Theodo IV "qui cum filiis sanctum Corbiniacum locavit Frisinge"�[58].� The Annales Ducum Bavari� record that "Theodo dux" led Bavaria in 712, specifying that he and his son Grimoald placed "sanctum Corbinatium in castro Frisinge"[59].� The Salzburg Annals record that "Theodo dux Bawarie" attacked Rome in 716, and died in 718[60].� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death in 718 of "Theodo dux"[61].� The necrology of Nonnberg records the death "3 Id Dec" of "Theodo dux"[62].� m [FOLCHAID, daughter of ---].� A listing of Dukes of Bavaria in the necrology of Salzburg St Peter names "Folchaid" next to "Theoto", other similar paired entries in the same source being shown to refer to husband and wife[63].� Duke Theodo V & his wife had [four] children:�

a) THEODEBERT [Dietbercht] (-724).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records that "Theobaldus et Grimoaldus filii eius" succeeded "Theodo dux" in 718[64].� He succeeded his father in 718 as THEODEBERT joint Duke of Bavaria, jointly with his brothers.� The mid-13th century Series Ducum Bavari� lists, in order, the dukes from 514 as Theodo "dux primus"� Theodo IV "qui cum filiis sanctum Corbiniacum locavit Frisinge", Theodaldus dux, Grimoaldus dux "fratris filius"�[65], which appears to ignore this duke Theodebert.� In Rh�tien, at Botzen.� m ELINHAST, daughter of ---.� The primary source which confirms the name of Duke Theodebert's wife has not so far been identified.� Duke Theodebert & his wife had one child:�

i) GUNTRUD .� Paulus Diaconus records the marriage of "Guntrut filiam Teutperti Baioariorum ducis" and "Liutprand rex"[66].� m LIUTPRAND King of the Lombards, son of ANSPRAND King of the Lombards & his wife Theodorada --- (-[late 743/early 744], bur Basilica of Hadrian).�

b) GRIMOALD (murdered 728).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records that "Theobaldus et Grimoaldus filii eius" succeeded "Theodo dux" in 718[67].� He succeeded his father in 718 as GRIMOALD joint Duke of Bavaria, jointly with his brothers.� The Annales Ducum Bavari� name "Grimoaldi et Theodualdi duces" as sons of "Theodo dux", recording that they were joint dukes in 723, Grimoald ruling alone after the death of his brother[68].� in Ober-Bayern, at Freising.� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death in 729 of "Grimoaldus dux Bavarie"[69].� m as her second husband, PILITRUDE, widow of his brother THEODOALD, daughter of ---.� A listing of Dukes of Bavaria in the necrology of Salzburg St Peter names "Pilidruth" next to "Crimolt", indicating that she was presumably his wife[70].� The Continuator of Fredegar records that "matrona quondam�Beletrude et nepta sua Sunnichilde" were captured and taken to Austrasia by Charles "Martel" in [724/25][71].� Duke Grimoald & his wife had one child:�

i) HUGOBERT (-739).� The primary source which confirms that Hugobert was the son of Grimoald has not yet been identified.� He succeeded in 724 as HUGOBERT Duke of Bavaria.� The mid-13th century Series Ducum Bavari� lists, in order, the dukes from 514 as Theodo "dux primus"�Theodo IV "qui cum filiis sanctum Corbiniacum locavit Frisinge", Theodaldus dux, Grimoaldus dux "fratris filius", Hugpertus dux...[72].� The Annales Ducum Bavari� record that "Hucpertus dux" reigned in Bavaria in 733[73].� The Salzburg Annals record the death in 739 of "Hucbertus dux Bawarie", and that he was succeeded by Odilo[74].� m CHROTHRUDIS, daughter of ---.� A listing of Dukes of Bavaria in the necrology of Salzburg St Peter names "Rattrud" next to "Hucperht", indicating presumably that she was his wife[75].� She became abbess of Nonnberg after the death of her husband[76].�

c) THEODOALD (-after 718).� The Annales Ducum Bavari� name "Grimoaldi et Theodualdi duces" as sons of "Theodo dux", recording that they were joint dukes in 723[77].� He succeeded his father in 718 as THEODOALD joint Duke of Bavaria, jointly with his brothers.� The mid-13th century Series Ducum Bavari� lists, in order, the dukes from 514 as Theodo "dux primus"�Theodo IV "qui cum filiis sanctum Corbiniacum locavit Frisinge", Theodaldus dux, Grimoaldus dux "fratris filius", Hugpertus dux�[78].� Im Nordgau, at Passau.� m firstly WALTRUDE, daughter of ---.� The primary source which names Waltrude as first wife of Duke Theodoald has not so far been identified.� m secondly as her first husband, PILITRUDE, daughter of ---.� The primary source which identifies Pilitrude as second wife of Duke Theodoald has not yet been identified.� She married secondly her first husband's brother Grimoald.�

d) [--.� m ---.]� One child:�

i) SUANACHILDIS [Suanhilde] (-after 17 Sep 741).� The precise parentage of Suanachildis is not known.� The Continuator of Fredegar records that "matrona quondam�Beletrude et nepta sua Sunnichilde" were captured and taken to Austrasia by Charles "Martel" in [724/25][79].� Einhard names "Swannhilde neptem Odilonis ducis Baioariorum" as the mother of Grifo[80].� The precise relationship between Suanhilde and Pilitrude, who was the wife in turn of the brothers Grimoald and Theodoald, has not been identified.� She instigated the marriage of her stepdaughter to Odilo Duke of Bavaria according to the Continuator of Fredegar[81].� After the death of her husband, she incited her son to rebel against her stepsons.� She was defeated and sent to the monastery of Chelles, Seine-et-Marne.� "Karlus maiorum domus filius Pippini quondam" donated property "villa Clippiacum in pago Parisiaco" to the abbey of St Denis by charter dated 17 Sep 741, subscribed by "Radberti comitis, Raygaubaldi comitis, Salaconis comitis, matrone Sonechildis, Grifonis filii sui"[82].� m (725) as his second wife, CHARLES �Martel� maiordomus of Austrasia and Neustria, son of PEPIN "le Gros" or "d'Herstal" & his second wife Chalpais [Alpais] ([690]-Quierzy-sur-Oise, Aisne 22 Oct 741, bur �glise de l'abbaye royale de Saint Denis).�

2. [---- .� m ---.]� [Two possible children:]

a) [ODILO (-18 Jan 748, bur Hostenhoven, Kloster Gengenbach).� The parentage of Odilo is not known.� Einhard names "Swannhilde neptem Odilonis ducis Baioariorum" as the mother of Grifo[83].� As shown above, the Continuator of Fredegar names "matrona quondam�Beletrude et nepta sua Sunnichilde"[84].� Reading these two sources together, the impression is that Odilo may have been a brother of Dukes Grimoald and Theodald.� However, all sources so far identified only name the latter two as the sons of Duke Theodo.� It is assumed that Odilo was not the brother or son of Duke Hugobert, whom he succeeded, as such a relationship is not mentioned in any of the contemporary sources so far identified.� It appears more likely that Odilo was related more remotely to his predecessors, but the precise relationship can only be guessed at.� He succeeded in 739 as ODILO Duke of Bavaria.� The Salzburg Annals record that Odilo succeeded as Duke of Bavaria in 739 following the death of "Hucbertus dux Bawarie"[85].]�

-�� see below.�

b) [THEODO (-after 739).� The mid-13th century Series Ducum Bavari� lists, in order, the dukes from 514 as Theodo "dux primus"�Hugpertus dux, Udilo dux "cum Theodone frater"�[86].� This the only source so far identified which names this supposed brother of Duke Odilo.]�

ODILO, son of --- (-18 Jan 748, bur Hostenhoven, Kloster Gengenbach).� The parentage of Odilo is not known.� Einhard names "Swannhilde neptem Odilonis ducis Baioariorum" as the mother of Grifo[87].� The Continuator of Fredegar names "matrona quondam�Beletrude et nepta sua Sunnichilde"[88].� Reading these two sources together, the impression is that Odilo may have been a brother of Dukes Grimoald and Theodald.� However, as shown above, all sources so far identified only name the latter two as the sons of Duke Theodo.� It is assumed that Odilo was not the brother or son of Duke Hugobert, whom he succeeded, as such a relationship is not mentioned in any of the contemporary sources so far identified.� It appears more likely that Odilo was related more remotely to his predecessors, but the precise relationship can only be guessed at.� He succeeded in 739 as ODILO Duke of Bavaria.� The Salzburg Annals record that Odilo succeeded as Duke of Bavaria in 739 following the death of "Hucbertus dux Bawarie"[89].� The Annales Ducum Bavari� also record that "Oudilo dux" succeeded "Hucpertus dux"[90].� He married his wife without the permission of her brothers[91].� His brother-in-law Carloman invaded Bavaria, and Odilo was forced to recognise Frankish suzerainty in 744.� The Annales Metenses record the death in 749 of "dux Odilo"[92].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "XV Kal Feb" of "Otilo dux"[93].�

m (741) CHILTRUDIS [Hiltrude], daughter of CHARLES "Martel" maiordomus of Austrasia and Neustria [Carolingian] & his first wife Chrothrudis --- (-754, bur Hostenhoven, Kloster Gengenbach).�� The Continuator of Fredegar names "Chiltrudis" as daughter of Charles "Martel", stating that her "wicked stepmother" incited her to joined Odilo of Bavaria whom she married without the permission of her brothers[94].� After the death of her husband, she was captured by Grifo who usurped the throne from her son[95].� After her son was restored, Hiltrude became regent in Bavaria during his minority.�

Duke Odilo & his wife had one child:

1. TASSILO ([742]-11 Dec or 5 Jan after 794).� Herimannus names "Tassilonem" son of "sororis su� [=Pipinus] Hiltrudis filium"[96].� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the birth in 742 of "Tassilo [II] dux"[97].� The Annales Metenses record the succession of "Tassilo filius eius [=dux Odilo]" after the death of his father in 749[98].� After the death of Tassilo's father, Grifo, brother of Pepin maiordomus of the Franks, invaded Bavaria where he was recognised as Duke but was deposed by his brother who installed his nephew as TASSILO II Duke of Bavaria[99].� Duke Tassilo swore vassalage to Pepin King of the Franks at Compi�gne in 757[100].� Tassilo deserted King Pepin in Aquitaine in 763, returning to Bavaria[101].� The Salzburg Annals record that Tassilo subjugated Carinthia in 772[102].� He eventually surrendered to King Charles in 787 and renewed his oath of vassalage[103].� He rebelled again in 788, making contacts with the Avars who attacked the Franks, but was obliged by the king to be tonsured [104].� He entered the monastery of Jumi�ges, and finally renounced his duchy at the synod of Frankfurt in 794[105].� The necrology of Weltenburg records the death "III Id Dec" of "Thessalo dux fundator c�nobii huius"[106].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "Non Jan" of "Tassilo dux et m"[107].� m LIUTBERGA [Liutpirc] of the Lombards, daughter of DESIDERIUS King of the Lombards & his wife Ansa --- (-after 788).� Einhard names "Liutberga�filia Desiderii regis Langobardorum" as the wife of "Tassilonem ducem"[108].� The wife of "Tassilonis ducis" is called "filia Desiderii regis" by Einhard[109].� Named as the wife of Duke Tassilo in the Royal Frankish Annals, which describe her as "his rancorous wife � a woman hateful to God".� She and her daughters became nuns when her husband was deprived of his duchy in 788[110].�� Duke Tassilo & his wife had four children:�

a) THEODO (8 Oct ---- -after 788).� The necrology of Walderdorff records the birth "VIII Id Oct" of "Theotoni filio Tassiloni ducis"[111].� The Salzburg Annals record that Tassilo baptised his son in Rome in 772, but do not name the son[112].� Named son of Tassilo in the Royal Frankish Annals, his father gave him as hostage to Charles I King of the Franks in 787[113].� His father appointed him as joint Duke of Bavaria in 777.� He was tonsured with his father in 788104, and became a monk in cloister of St Maximin 788.�

b) THEOTBERT .� The primary source which names Theotbert as son of Duke Tassilo has not so far been identified.� Monk 788.�

c) daughter .� The primary source which refers to the two daughters of Duke Tassilo has not so far been identified.� Nun at Chelles.�

d) daughter .� The primary source which refers to the two daughters of Duke Tassilo has not so far been identified.� Nun at Laon.�

Chapter 2.�� MARKGRAFEN in BAVARIA 9th CENTURY

The following two individuals are referred to in primary sources as Markgrafen in Bavaria.� The precise extent of their jurisdiction is not known, but the title implies rule over a "March".� It is possible that this Bavarian March is the same as the March of Pannonia, over which Markgrafen are recorded during the 870s to 890s (see the document AUSTRIA).�

1. ENGELDEO, son of --- (-after 895).� King Carloman granted property "in pago Tonageuue in comitatu Engildeo" to the priest Iob by charter dated 3 Dec 878[114].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Nordgouue�in comitatu sui senioris in loci Phuncina" to "Engildeonis comitis�vassallo Gotahelmi" by charter dated 889[115].� "Arnolfus�rex" granted property "in pago Quinzingouue in comitatu Hunolfi" to Kloster St Emmeram by charter dated 21 Mar 890 which names "Engildeo comes, Odalrich comes, Meginhart comes, Chunipercht comes, Kerolt comes, Rumolt comes, Geio comes"[116].� Markgraf [in Bavaria] [890/95].� The Annales Fuldenses record that "Engildieo marchensis Baioariorum" was deprived of his honours in 895, and in his place that "Liutboldus nepos regis" was appointed[117].� "Arnolfus�rex" returned land in "pago Nortgowe in comitatu Cheldionis", previously taken by "Hildigardis neptis nostra et Engeldichd comes�et Sigo vicarius eius", to "Megingozo vasallo�Erkenboldi episcopi" by charter dated 5 May 895[118].�

LUITPOLD, son of --- ([850/60]-killed in battle near Pressburg 4 Jul 907).� The question of Luitpold's origin is discussed in the document GERMANY EARLY NOBILITY.� His birth date is estimated from the estimated date of his [supposed] first marriage.� Markgraf [in Bavaria]: the Annales Fuldenses record that "Engildieo marchensis Baioariorum" was deprived of his honours in 895, and in his place that "Liutboldus nepos regis" was appointed[119].� The Annales Fuldenses record disputes between "duos fratres gentis Marahensium, Moymirum ac Zuentibaldum" in 898, which prompted Emperor Arnulf to send "marchiones suos, Liutboldum et Arbonum comitem" to Moravia to protect the Bavarians[120].� "Arnolfus imperator augustus" gave property in "Charentariche in comitatu ipsius consanguinei nostri [Liutbaldi]�Gurca�et�in Gurcatala et in alia loco qui dicitur Zulszah" to "viro progenie bon� nobilitatis exorto Zuentibolch�Liutbaldi�propinqui ac illustris nostri marchionis vassallo" at the request of "Iringi et Isangrimi�comitum nostrorum" by charter dated 31 Aug 898[121].� "Arnolfus imperator augustus" granted to "viro progenie bon� nobilitatis Zuentibolch�Liutbaldi�propinqui ac illustris nostri marchionis vassallo" property "in Charentariche in comitatu ipsius consanguinei nostri" by charter dated 19 Jan 901 on the proposal of "Liutbaldi�comitis et�propinqui nostri"[122].�

-�� see below, Chapter 3.�

Chapter 3.�� DUKES of BAVARIA (LUITPOLDINGE)

LUITPOLD, son of --- ([850/60]-killed in battle near Pressburg 4 Jul 907).� His birth date is estimated from the estimated date of his [supposed] first marriage.� Markgraf [in Bavaria]: the Annales Fuldenses record that "Engildieo marchensis Baioariorum" was deprived of his honours in 895, and in his place that "Liutboldus nepos regis" was appointed[123].� The Annales Fuldenses record disputes between "duos fratres gentis Marahensium, Moymirum ac Zuentibaldum" in 898, which prompted Emperor Arnulf to send "marchiones suos, Liutboldum et Arbonum comitem" to Moravia to protect the Bavarians[124].� "Arnolfus imperator augustus" gave property in "Charentariche in comitatu ipsius consanguinei nostri [Liutbaldi]�Gurca�et�in Gurcatala et in alia loco qui dicitur Zulszah" to "viro progenie bon� nobilitatis exorto Zuentibolch�Liutbaldi�propinqui ac illustris nostri marchionis vassallo" at the request of "Iringi et Isangrimi�comitum nostrorum" by charter dated 31 Aug 898[125].� "Arnolfus imperator augustus" granted to "viro progenie bon� nobilitatis Zuentibolch�Liutbaldi�propinqui ac illustris nostri marchionis vassallo" property "in Charentariche in comitatu ipsius consanguinei nostri" by charter dated 19 Jan 901 on the proposal of "Liutbaldi�comitis et�propinqui nostri"[126].� [Duke] of Bavaria: the Annales Ducum Bavari� record that "Arnulfus [rex]" left the duchy of Bavaria to "Leupoldo cuidam nobili" in 899[127].� "Ludovuicus�rex" donated property to Kloster St Florian by charter dated 19 Jan 901 on the proposal of "Liutbaldi�comitis et�propinqui nostri"[128].� It is possible that Luitpold ruled as Duke of Bohemia in 903, as shown by the charter dated 24 Jun 903 under which "Hludowicus�rex" confirmed privileges to Kloster St Gallen in which among "fidelium nostrum" was listed "Luitpold dux Boemanorum"[129], although it is possible that "Boemanorum" was a copyist's error for "Baiorariorum" as this appears to be the only reference to Luitpold ruling in Bohemia.� "Hludowicus�rex" granted property to the church of Freising by charter dated 30 Nov 903 in which among "fidelium nostrum" was listed "Liutboldi illustris comitis et cari propinqui nostri"[130].� "Hludowicus�rex" granted property "in valle�Liupinatal in comitatu eiusdem Otacherii" to "Otacharii�comitis nostri filio Arpo" after consulting "fidelium nostrorum Luitpoldi, Arponis, Iringi, Cumpoldi et Paponis comitum" by charter dated 10 Mar 904[131].� "Hludowicus�rex" confirmed an exchange of properties between Kloster Fulda and Kloster Echternach after consulting "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Kebeharti, Luitpoldi, Burcharti, Eginonis, Liutfredi, Iringi et Cunpoldi" by charter dated 19 Mar 907[132].� Regino records that "Liutbaldus dux occisus est" in 907 fighting the Hungarians[133].�

[m firstly ([875/85] or before) ---.� There is no direct indication of a first marriage of Duke Luitpold.� However, considering the likely birth date of his eldest son Arnulf, the mother of the latter must have been born in [860/70].� If this is correct, a marriage in 913 between the widow of Duke Luitpold, then beyond child-bearing age, and Konrad I King of Germany would seem surprising.]�

m [secondly] as her first husband, KUNIGUNDE, sister of Graf ERCHANGER [Ahalolfinger], daughter of --- (-after 7 Jun 914, bur Kloster Lorsch).� Her two marriages are confirmed by the Annales Alamannicorum which record the marriage in 913 of "sororem [Erchangeri] Liupoldi relictam" with the king[134].� Her second husband arranged their marriage in an unsuccessful attempt to ally himself with her brother and with Arnulf Duke of Bavaria[135].� "Chuonradus�rex" granted rights to Kloster Lorsch by charter dated 7 Jun 914 which names "coniugis nostre Chunigunde regine"[136].� She married secondly (913) Konrad I King of Germany [Konradiner].�

Luitpold & his [first] wife had one child:�

1. ARNULF ([875/85]-14 Jul 937, bur Regensburg St Emmeram).� Regino records that "filius suus [=Liutbaldus dux] Arnulfus" succeeded his father as dux in 907[137].� The Salzburg Annals name "Liupoldus dux, pater Arnolfi ducis"[138].� His birth date range is estimated based on the likelihood that Arnulf must have been adult and established in his career when he was accepted as his father's successor in 907, but must be considered approximate.� He referred to himself in 908 as ARNULF Duke of Bavaria in a charter confirming an exchange of land between Drakolf Bishop of Freising and Konrad chor-bishop of Freising[139].�

-�� see below.�

Luitpold & his [second] wife had one child:�

2. BERTHOLD (-23 Nov 947, bur Kloster Niederaltaich).� Liutprand names "Bertaldus Bagoariorum dux" as brother of "Arnulfi ducis"[140].� It seems more likely that Berthold was the son of Duke Luitpold by his wife Kunigunde, bearing in mind that the latter's brother was also named Berthold.� Judging from the known dates of Berthold's career, it would not be surprising if he was born several years after his [half-]brother Arnulf, whose birth date is estimated in [875/85] as shown above.� He was installed as BERTHOLD Duke of Bavaria in 938 by Otto I King of Germany after the rebellion and expulsion of his nephew Eberhard, marking a decline in Bavarian autonomy which was symbolised by King Otto appointing Herolt as the new archbishop of Salzburg in 939[141].� "Otto�rex" gave Abtei Moosburg to the bishopric of Freising at the request of "ducis�Perchtoldi�Bavariensis regionis principum" by charter dated 29 May 940[142].� "Otto�rex" gave property "in pago Ufgovve in comitatu Marchvvardi iuxta rivum Fuchtebah" to "comiti Marchvvardo [vassallo ducis Perchtoldi]" by charter dated 13 Jul 940 at the request of "ducis nostri Perchtoldi, simul et Kerungi ac Hiltiboldi comitum"[143].� "Otto�rex" granted property to "nostri servum Reginpreht" at the request of "ducis�Perehtoldi et Hiltibaldi comitis cuidam�comiti�Cadelahc" by charter dated 22 Sep 942[144].� The Annalium Ratisponensium Supplementum records the death in 949 of "Perchtoldus dux Noricorum"[145].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "IX Kal Nov" of "Perchtoldus dux"[146].� m BIELETRUD, daughter of --- (-after 29 Sep 976).� "Otto�imperator augustus" returned property "in pagis Swanifelden, Norekawe, Solezgawe" to "nobili matrone Biledrut" which had been confiscated from "maritus eius Berchtoldus dux" owned by him "tempore Arnolfi ducis", by charter dated 29 Sep 976[147].� She founded the convent of Bergen.� Duke Berthold & his wife had [two] children:�

a) HEINRICH (-5 Oct 989, bur [Niederaltaich]).� "Henricus Minor, filius Bertoldi" is named in the Annalista Saxo, when recording his installation as Duke of Bavaria in 983[148].� Still a minor on his father's death, he was passed over in the succession to Bavaria when Otto I King of Germany established his own brother Heinrich as Duke[149].� He was appointed HEINRICH I Duke of Carinthia in 976 by Otto II King of Germany who had abstracted both Carinthia and the Italian marches from the duchy of Bavaria to create this new duchy.� "Otto�imperator augustus" freed "clericum nomine Reginbato" at the request of "Heinricus Karentanorum dux" by charter dated 6 Apr 977[150].� He supported Heinrich II "der Z�nker" Duke of Bavaria in his rebellion against his cousin Emperor Otto II.� Together, they expelled Bishop Pilgrim from Passau, but were besieged there, put on trial at Magdeburg in 978, and imprisoned[151].� After his release, he was installed as HEINRICH III Duke of Bavaria at Verona in 983[152], but deprived of Bavaria in [early 985] when the duchy was returned to Heinrich I "der Z�nker" as part of the terms of settlement of the latter's rebellion against King Otto III[153].� Heinrich was restored as Duke of Carinthia as part of this settlement[154].� "Heinricus dux Karintanorum�uxoris sue Hiltigard�" donated property "in villa Vfhouun�aliam in villa sancti Georgii" [Aufhofen, St Georg] to Brixen cathedral by charter dated to [985][155].� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 989 of "Heinrichus dux"[156].� The Altahense Annales record the death in 989 of "Heinricus dux Karintanorum"[157].� m HILDEGARD, daughter of --- (-6 Aug after 989).� "Heinricus dux Karintanorum�uxoris sue Hiltigard�" donated property "in villa Vfhouun�aliam in villa sancti Georgii" [Aufhofen, St Georg] to Brixen cathedral by charter dated to [985][158].� The death of Hiltigard, widow of Heinrich III Duke of Bavaria, is recorded at Bamberg Cathedral on 6 Aug[159].�

b) [KUNIGUNDE .� Wegener refers to the donation by Babo Burggraf von Regensburg and his wife Mechtild to St Emmeram dated [1000/05] for their souls and that of his wife's brother "Perahtold", which also names her mother Kunigunde[160], speculating that Kunigunde was the daughter of Berthold Duke of Bavaria.� m ULRICH Graf von Schweinachgau, son of ---.]�

ARNULF, son of LUITPOLD Markgraf in Bavaria & his [first] wife --- ([875/85]-14 Jul 937, bur Regensburg St Emmeram).� Regino records that "filius suus [=Liutbaldus dux] Arnulfus" succeeded his father as dux in 907[161].� The Salzburg Annals name "Liupoldus dux, pater Arnolfi ducis"[162].� His birth date range is estimated based on the likelihood that Arnulf must have been adult and established in his career when he was accepted as his father's successor in 907, but must be considered approximate.� He referred to himself in 908 as ARNULF Duke of Bavaria in a charter confirming an exchange of land between Drakolf Bishop of Freising and Konrad chor-bishop of Freising[163].� "Chuonradus�rex" made donations by charter dated 5 Mar 912 with the consent of "fidelium nostrorum comitum vero Sigihardi, Arnolfi, Erchangarii, Odalrici, Perchtoldi, Chuonradi, Herimanni, Luitfredi atque Iringi"[164], which shows not only that Arnulf was not titled "dux" in official national documents but also that he was considered second in importance among the nobility in the realm at that time, assuming that the order of the names is of significance.� He had the power to distribute bishoprics in his territory, although the right passed to the king of Germany on his death[165].� He was expelled from Bavaria by his stepfather Konrad I King of Germany in 915 but soon returned[166].� A reaffirmation of his rule by the Bavarians in 919 is recorded in the 12th century copies of the Salzburg Annals, which imply that he may have been appointed to rule as king in a wider German context, presumably as a rival to Heinrich I King of Germany[167].� He submitted to King Heinrich in 921[168].� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed donations to Kloster Kempten by charter dated 30 Jun 929 at the request of "comitum Arnolfi et Heberhardi"[169].� This charter appears to refer to Arnulf and his son, although it is surprising that Arnulf is not referred to with the title "dux".� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 937 of "Arnolt dux"[170].� The necrology of St Gall records the death "II Id Jul" of "Arnolfi ducis Baioariorum"[171].�

m ---.� The name and origin of Duke Arnulf's wife are not known.� Wegener[172] speculates that she was --- of Friulia, daughter of Eberhard Duke of the March of Friulia [Unruochingi], ostensibly for onomastic reasons on the basis of the transmission of the names Eberhard and Judith into the family, used first for Duke Arnulf's children.� This daughter is, however, not listed among the children of Duke Eberhard set out in the cartulary of Cysoing abbey [173], although she may be identical to one of the unnamed daughters.� From a chronological point of view, it is unlikely that the wife of Arnulf Duke of Bavaria was the daughter of Duke Eberhard.� The latter's children must have been born between [840] and [860], whereas Duke Arnulf's children were probably born between [905] and [920], suggesting that their mother was born in [880/90].�

Duke Arnulf & his wife had seven child:�

1. EBERHARD ([905/10]-after 938).� The Annales ex Annalibus Ivravensibus Antiquis records that "Longobardi" accepted "Eparhardum filium Arnolfi ducis" as their lord in 934 and that his father confirmed his succession in Bavaria in 935[174].� His birth date range is based on the assumption that he was adult when accepted as his father's heir in 935.� "Heinricus�rex" confirmed donations to Kloster Kempten by charter dated 30 Jun 929 at the request of "comitum Arnolfi et Heberhardi"[175].� This charter appears to refer to Arnulf and his son, although it is surprising that Arnulf is not referred to with the title "dux".� He succeeded his father in 937 as EBERHARD Duke of Bavaria.� Pope Leo VII addressed a letter dated 938 to "Eberhardo duci Bawariorum"[176].� After Duke Eberhard defied him in some way, Otto I King of Germany invaded Bavaria twice in 938, deposed Eberhard and forced him into exile after the second expedition[177].��

2. ARNULF (-killed in battle near Regensburg 22 Jul 954).� The Annales Sangallenses record that "Adalbert filius Perehctoldi et Arnolfus filius Arnolfi ducis" were killed in 954[178].� He is named as son of Arnulf in 6 Feb 954[179].� He rebelled against Otto I King of Germany in 954, aiming to re-establish his family's position in Bavaria but was killed in the first siege of Regensburg[180].� The necrology of churches of Freising records the death "XI Kal Aug" of "Arnolt com"[181], which is assumed refers to Pfalzgraf Arnulf.� m ---.� The name of Arnulf's wife is not known.� Arnulf & his wife had [two] children:�

a) BERTHOLD von Reisensburg ([930]-after 21 Jul 976).� The Annales Sancti Emmerammi record that "Perahtold filius Arnulphi" was expelled "de Norica" in 951[182].� His birth date is estimated from his adult career starting in 951, but bearing in mind the likely birth date range of his father based on the estimated birth date of his oldest paternal uncle in [905/10].� The Vita S Oudalrici names "Perehtoldus, filius Arnulfi, de castello Risinesburc" when recording that he fought the Hungarians in [Aug 955][183].� "Otto�imperator augustus" returned property "quod vocatur Metama" previously donated by "Peretoldus Arnoulfi filius" to Kloster Metten by charter dated 21 Jul 976 "per petiticionem Heinrici sanct� Auguste civitatis episcopi et Liutpaldi marchionis"[184].� m ---.� The name of Berthold's wife is not known.� Berthold & his wife had [one possible] child:�

i) [FRIEDRICH [I] "Roch" (-Jerusalem before 1020, bur Jerusalem).� According to Wegener, Graf Friedrich [I] was the son of Berthold von Reisensburg[185].� He bases this on "Berthold" witnessing several exchanges of property in the oberen Isar dated [990/99], and equating him with Berthold von Reisensburg.� Several points can be made about this theory.� Firstly, it seems surprising that such an illustrious connection with the Luitpoldinger Dukes of Bavaria would not have been mentioned by the various contemporary sources which relate the early history of the Grafen von Diessen.� Secondly, the estimated birth date of Berthold von Reisensburg is restricted to the limited period [929/31], bearing in mind the known dates of his own career and the likely birth date of his father.� His last known mention is dated 976.� Another burst of activity fourteen years after this date, when he would have been in his sixties, would be surprising.� Thirdly, judging from the 976 entry, Berthold von Reisensburg appears to have fallen into disgrace with Emperor Otto III.� There is no record of his return to favour.� It is therefore likely that his descendants (if any) fell into obscurity.� Fourthly, it is surprising that Berthold von Reisensburg would not have been described as comes even in entries relating to the period after his disgrace, as he would presumably have continued to claim and use the title.�

-�� GRAFEN von DIESSEN.]

b) [daughter .� The wife of Graf Meginhard is shown by Wegener as the daughter of Pfalzgraf Arnulf but he quotes no primary source to support this assertion[186].� m MEGINHARD Graf an der Mangfall [Pilgrimiden], son of --- (-after 987, bur Benediktbeuern Monastery).]�

3. HERMANN (-954 or after).� The Vita S Oudalrici names "Heremannum fratrem Arnolfi" when recording that he was captured in 954 when returning from Ulrich Bishop of Augsburg[187].�

4. HEINRICH .� "Otto�rex" donated property "in loco Crapofelt [in regno Carentino]" previously inherited by "Heinricus Arnolfi filius" to Salzburg church at the request of "fratris nostri�Heinrici" by charter dated 10 Dec 953[188].�

5. JUDITH ([915/25][189]-29 Jun after 974).� The wife of "Henrici ducis, fratris primi Ottonis" is called "filia Arnoldi ducis quondam Bawari�", but not named, in the Annalista Saxo[190].� Widukind records the marriage of "filia ducis Arnulfi" to "dominus Heinricus"[191].� The mother of the wife of "Purchardo duce Alamannorum" was "filiam materter�" of "Heinricus filius Purchardi comitis" who was installed as Bishop of Augsburg in 973, according to the Vita Oudalrici[192].� After the death of her husband, she was suspected of a relationship with Abraham Bishop of Freising but was exonerated by the Bishop, who sang the mass at her burial[193].� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "salinam�Hal�in pago Salzburggeuue et in comitatu Uuillihelmi comitis" to "domn� Iudit� fratris nostri beat� memori� Heinrici ducis vidu�" by charter dated 27 Apr 973[194].� She was imprisoned when her son rebelled in [974/75], and obliged to enter the convent of Niederm�nster at Regensburg[195].� The necrology of the Lower Monastery in Regensburg records the death "III Kal Jul" of "Ievta ducissa fundatrix inferioris monasterii"[196].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "III Kal Jul" of "Judita vidualis nonna"[197].� m ([937/40]) HEINRICH, son of HEINRICH I King of Germany & his second wife Mathilde [Immedinger] ([Dec 919/22 Apr 922]-Regensburg 1 Nov 955, bur Regensburg St Emmeram).� Duke of Lotharingia [940].� He was installed as HEINRICH I Duke of Bavaria in 947 by his older brother[198].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "Kal Nov" of "Heinricus dux Baioaria hic sepultus"[199].�

6. LUDWIG .� Judith Duchess of Bavaria donated property held by her brother Ludwig until his death to St Emmeram dated [972/74][200].�

7. daughter .� The origin of the wife of Graf Burkhard, mother of Heinrich Bishop of Augsburg, is confirmed by the Vita Oudalrici recording that the wife of "Purchardo duce Alamannorum" was "filiam materter� [Heinrici episcopi]"[201], the wife of Burkhard III Duke of Swabia being Hedwig of Bavaria, daughter of Heinrich I Duke of Bavaria & his wife Judith of Bavaria [Luitpoldinger].� m BURKHARD, Graf.� 947/55.� Graf Burkhard & his wife had one child:�

a) HEINRICH (-killed in battle near Cotrone 13 Jul 982). �"Heinricus filius Purchardi comitis" was installed as Bishop of Augsburg in 973 in succession to Ulrich [von Dillingen], according to the Vita Oudalrici which also specifies that the wife of "Purchardo duce Alamannorum" was "filiam materter�"[202].� He rebelled against Emperor Otto II in [976/77], together with his cousin Heinrich Duke of Carinthia and Heinrich Duke of Bavaria [Ottonen].� The rebels were captured at Passau in 978 by the king's forces, deposed and banished[203].� He was killed in battle against a Byzantine/Muslim alliance near Stilo in Calabria during the Italian campaign of Emperor Otto II[204].�

Chapter 4.�� DUKES of BAVARIA, SAXON KINGS of GERMANY [OTTONEN]

Brothers:�

1. OTTO, son of HEINRICH I King of Germany & his second wife Mathilde --- (23 Nov 912-Memleben 7 May 973, bur Magdeburg cathedral).� Associate King of Germany, with his father, 930.� He was elected OTTO I "der Gro�e" King of Germany 7 Aug 936.� Crowned Emperor at Rome 2 Feb 962.�

a) LIUDOLF (930-Piomba 6 Sep 957, bur St Alban, near Mainz).� Graf.� Duke of Swabia 950-954.�

i) -�� other children: see GERMANY.�

ii) OTTO (954-Lucca 31 Oct 982, bur Aschaffenburg St Peter and Alexander).� Duke of Swabia 973.� His uncle King Otto II installed him as OTTO Duke of Bavaria in [976], after confiscating Bavaria from his cousin Heinrich II "der Z�nker" Duke of Bavaria[205].�

2. HEINRICH ([Dec 919/22 Apr 922]-Regensburg 1 Nov 955, bur Regensburg St Emmeram).� Widukind names (in order) "Oddonem, Heinricum, Brunonem" as sons of King Heinrich & his second wife[206].� "Henrici ducis, fratris primi Ottonis" is named in the Annalista Saxo[207].� "Henricus�rex" granted property to Paderborn cathedral by charter dated 9 May 935 which names "Heinrici �quivoci ac filii nostri et Hadeuui fili� nostr�" by charter dated 9 May 935[208].� He was captured by Eberhard Duke of Franconia in 938 and "held in chains".� He took part in a campaign of pillaging along the Rhine in 939, together with Eberhard ex-Duke of Franconia and Giselbert Duke of Lotharingia [Hainaut][209].� After the latter was drowned, Heinrich was installed as HEINRICH Duke of Lotharingia in [940].� He was installed as HEINRICH I Duke of Bavaria in 947 by his older brother[210].� He was expelled from Regensburg by his nephew Liudolf Duke of Swabia, during the course of the latter's rebellion against his father, but restored by his brother King Otto in [955][211].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "Kal Nov" of "Heinricus dux Baioaria hic sepultus"[212].� m ([937/40]) JUDITH of Bavaria, daughter of ARNULF Duke of Bavaria [Luitpoldinger] & his wife --- (-29 Jul after 974).� The wife of "Henrici ducis, fratris primi Ottonis" is called "filia Arnoldi ducis quondam Bawari�", but not named, in the Annalista Saxo[213].� Widukind records the marriage of "filia ducis Arnulfi" to "dominus Heinricus"[214].� The mother of the wife of "Purchardo duce Alamannorum" was "filiam materter�" of "Heinricus filius Purchardi comitis" who was installed as Bishop of Augsburg in 973, according to the Vita Oudalrici[215].� After the death of her husband, she was suspected of a relationship with Abraham Bishop of Freising but was exonerated by the Bishop, who sang the mass at her burial[216].� "Otto�rex" granted property "in orientali Francia in pago Tubergouue in comitatu Gerungi, Sunderenhof, Baldoluesheim" to "domna Iudit�" [duchess of Bavaria] by charter dated 11 Feb 961[217].� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "salinam�Hal�in pago Salzburggeuue et in comitatu Uuillihelmi comitis" to "domn� Iudit� fratris nostri beat� memori� Heinrici ducis vidu�" by charter dated 27 Apr 973[218].� She was imprisoned when her son rebelled in [974/75], and obliged to enter the convent of Niederm�nster at Regensburg[219].� The necrology of the Lower Monastery in Regensburg records the death "III Kal Jul" of "Ievta ducissa fundatrix inferioris monasterii"[220].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "III Kal Jul" of "Judita vidualis nonna"[221].� Duke Heinrich & his wife had [five] children:�

a) GERBERGA ([940]-13/14 Nov 1001).� Thietmar names Gerberga as sister of Heinrich II Duke of Bavaria, recording that she was Abbess of Gandersheim[222].� "Otto�imperator augustus" made a donation of property "Sehusa�in pago Ambergeuue et in comitatu Rotuuigi comitis" to Kloster Gandersheim by charter dated 7 Jun 974, naming "nepti nostra Gerburga eiusdem cenobii abbatissa"[223].� Abbess of Gandersheim 949, 956.

b) HEDWIG (-26 Jul 994).� The mother of the wife of "Purchardo duce Alamannorum" was "filiam materter�" of "Heinricus filius Purchardi comitis" who was installed as Bishop of Augsburg in 973, according to the Vita Oudalrici[224].� "Otto�rex" donated land "Scaleia�in pago Brisggouue in comitatu Birhtilonis" to the church at Worms by charter dated 18 Jun 990 on the petition of "Hadeuige ducis nostr�consanguine�"[225].� The Annales Einsidlenses record the death in 994 of "Hadewig dux"[226].� "Otto�rex" confirmed a donation of "villis Bosinga, Messinga, Ancencimbra, Harthusa, Vrsilinga in pago Para et in comitatu Hiltibaldi comitis" to Kloster St Gregor, Petershausen by "bone memorie domine Hadewige ducis" by charter dated 4 Nov 994[227].� "Otto�rex" donated property "Nuzbach�in pago Mordenouua et in comitiatu Cuononis comitis" to Kloster Waldkirch naming "bone memorie Burghardi Alemannorum ducis�sueque contectalis Haduuuige" by charter dated 22 Dec 994[228].� m BURKHARD III Duke of Swabia, son of BURKHARD II Duke of Swabia & his wife --- (-12 Nov 973, bur Reichenau Island).� Widukind names "Suavi quibus pr�fuit Burghardus" as husband of "filia fratris regis"[229].�

c) HEINRICH (951-Gandersheim 28 Aug 995, bur Gandersheim Stiftskirche[230]).� "Heinricus Bawariorum dux�filius Henrici ducis, fratris primi Ottonis" is named in the Annalista Saxo, when recording his capture in 975[231].� He succeeded his father in 955 as HEINRICH II "der Z�nker" Duke of Bavaria.�

-�� see below.�

d) [BRUNO (-after 22 Jul 976).� "Otto�imperator augustus" donated property to the church of Passau by charter dated 22 Jul 976 in which he names "Bruno�nepos noster"[232].� Bruno's parentage is not known but it is possible that he was the son of Heinrich I Duke of Bavaria.]�

e) [POPPO .� "Otto�imperator augustus" gave property "villam Stocheim�in pago Grapfeld in comitatu Ottonis" to the church of W�rzb�rg by charter dated 6 Dec 979 at the request of "nepus noster Poppo"[233].� Poppo's parentage is not known but it is possible that he was the son of Heinrich I Duke of Bavaria.]�

HEINRICH of Bavaria, son of HEINRICH Duke of Bavaria & his wife Judith of Bavaria [Luitpoldinger] (951-Gandersheim 28 Aug 995, bur Gandersheim Stiftskirche[234]).� "Heinricus Bawariorum dux�filius Henrici ducis, fratris primi Ottonis" is named in the Annalista Saxo, when recording his capture in 975[235].� He succeeded his father in 955 as HEINRICH II "der Z�nker" Duke of Bavaria.� Regino records the death of "Heinricus frater regis" in 955 and that the king gave "cuius filius Heinrico�ducatum et marcam"[236].� He rebelled against his cousin Emperor Otto II in 974 and attempted to seize the throne, but was captured and imprisoned at Ingelheim.� He escaped, after which Emperor Otto confiscated Bavaria from him in [976], awarding it to his cousin Otto Duke of Swabia[237].� Ex-Duke Heinrich fled to Bohemia, taking refuge with Duke Boleslav who had supported his rebellion[238].� He returned to Bavaria, rebelled again with Heinrich Bishop of Augsburg and Heinrich Duke of Carinthia [Luitpoldinger].� The rebels drove Bishop Pilgrim from Passau, where they were besieged by Emperor Otto's forces and captured[239].� Duke Heinrich II was put on trial at Magdeburg in 978, and placed in the custody of Folkmar Bishop of Utrecht[240].� He was released in [early 984] after the accession of Otto III King of Germany, but conspired against him in an attempt to have himself elected king[241].� Although he won support in Bavaria, he was opposed by Konrad I Duke of Swabia and conceded at Rohr 29 Jun 984[242].� He was restored as Duke of Bavaria as part of the terms of the settlement in [early 985][243].� Duke of Carinthia 989.� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 995 of "Heiricus dux"[244].� The Not� Sancti Emmerammi records the death in 995 of "dux Hainricus pater Hainrici imperatoris"[245].� Thietmar records the death of Duke Heinrich on 28 Aug at Gandersheim, and his burial there[246].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "28 Aug" of "Heinricus dux"[247].�

m (before 972) GISELA of Upper Burgundy, daughter of CONRAD I "le Pacifique" King of Upper Burgundy [Welf] & his first wife Adela --- ([955/60]-21 Jul 1007, bur Regensburg).� Herimannus names "Gisela, Counradi regis Burgundi� filia" wife of "Heinricus dux Baioari�" and mother of Emperor Heinrich II[248].� Her birth date range is estimated from her having given birth to her eldest son in [976], which also suggests that she must have been King Conrad's daughter by his first marriage.� Many contemporary sources confuse Gisela with her niece of the same name, daughter of her half-sister Gerberga & the latter's second husband.� For example, the Chronicle of St B�nigne de Dijon names "sororem regis [Rodulfi Burgundie] Gislam" as wife of "Chonradum" and mother of "tertium Henricum"[249].� It is not known why this report is repeated so frequently in other chronicles, for simple chronology demonstrates that it cannot be correct.� She was exiled to Merseburg after the trial of her husband in 978[250].� According to the Preface of Vit� Heinrici et Cunegundis Imperatores, "Gisila imperatrix, mater sancti Heinrici imperatoris obit VII Kal Martii"[251].� Thietmar records the death of "our king's�mother�Gisela" on 21 Jul and her burial at Regensburg, dated to 1007 from the context[252].� The necrology of Merseburg records the death "21 Jul" of "domna Gisela mater Heinrici imperatoris"[253].� The necrology of Magdeburg records the death "21 Jul" of "Gisla filia Chuonradi regis"[254].�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name of Duke Heinrich's mistress is not known.�

Duke Heinrich & his wife had four children:�

1. HEINRICH (6 May [973]-Pfalz Grona 3 Jul 1024, bur Bamberg cathedral).� He is named as son of Duke Heinrich in the Annalista Saxo, when recording his coronation as king of Germany[255].� The necrology of Merseburg records "6 May" as "natalis dies heinrici imperatoris"[256].� He succeeded his father in 995 as HEINRICH IV Duke of Bavaria.� He was elected as HEINRICH II "der Heilige" King of Germany at Mainz 7 Jun 1002, crowned at Aachen 8 Sep 1002.� He challenged the succession in Italy of Arduino Marchese di Ivrea, who had been crowned as king of Italy at Pavia 15 Feb 1002, and entered Trento in Spring 1004 to claim the throne himself.� Heinrich was crowned king of Italy at Pavia 14 Apr 1004.� He resigned the duchy of Bavaria, appointing his brother-in-law Henri Comte de Luxembourg as duke in 1004, although he retook the title from 1009-1017.� King Heinrich II invaded Flanders in 1007 to recapture the march of Valenciennes and also captured Gent.� Count Baudouin subsequently arranged an alliance with the emperor who, in 1012, helped him install a new Bishop of Cambrai, enfeoffed him with the islands of Zeeland and, in 1015, with Valenciennes.� He left Italy after destroying the town of Pavia in reprisal for a revolt which broke out there.� He returned to Italy in Autumn 1013, Arduino took refuge in one of his castles without fighting, and Heinrich was crowned Emperor at Rome 14 Feb 1014.� The emperor invaded Flanders again in 1020, supported by Robert King of France[257].� The necrology of Pr�m records the death "III Id Iul" of "Heinricus dux Baioarie imperator"[258].� Canonised 1046.� m (early Summer 1000) KUNIGUNDE de Luxembourg, daughter of SIEGFRIED Graf [Luxembourg] & his wife Hedwig --- (-Bamberg 3 Mar 1033, bur Bamberg cathedral).� The Annalista Saxo names "domnam Cunigundam, felicis memorie virginem" as wife of Heinrich, specifying that she was sister of "Teoderici Metensi episcope et Heinrich postmodum ducis Bawarici"[259].� Rodulfus Glaber refers to the wife of Emperor Heinrich II as "filiam Siefredi Saxonum ducis"[260].� There is little indication of the date of Kunigunde's marriage apart from Thietmar's references to her which show that they were already married when her husband was elected king[261].� She founded Kaufungen convent in 1017.� The Annales Herbipolenses minores record the death in 1038 (maybe a transcription error for 1033 rather than a date error) of "sancta Kunegundis imperatoris" and her burial at Bamberg[262].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "V Non Mar" of "Chunigunt imperatrix"[263].� Canonised 29 Mar 1200.� Heinrich had [one possible illegitimate child by an unknown mistress]:�

a) [AISHA (-after 1 Oct 1027).� "Gullielmus comes filius Guidi quondam etiam comitis et Aicha�comitissa jugales, filia quondam D. Henrici Regis" donated property to "monasterio�Grassani" by charter dated 1 Oct 1027 "in castro Focario"[264].� The only "Henrici Regis" who was "quondam" in 1027 was Emperor Heinrich II, King of Germany and King of Italy.� No other record has been found of him having any children, either legitimate or illegitimate.� In addition, if he was Guglielmo�s father-in-law it is unclear why he would not have been called "Henrici imperatoris" in the document, as he had been crowned emperor in 1014, unless the reference was to his kingship of Italy.� Unless this information is corroborated by other sources which might emerge, it is suggested that it should be treated with considerable caution.� m GUGLIELMO Conte [di Focario], son of GUIDO Conte di Focario & his wife --- (-after 1 Oct 1027).]�

2. BRUNO (-Regensburg 24 May 1029, bur Augsburg St Moritz).� Wipo names "episcopus Bruno, frater Heinrici imperatories"[265].� Imperial Chancellor 1005-1006.� Canon at Hildesheim cathedral.� The Not� Sepulcrales Babenbergenses record the installation of "Bruno episcopus Augustensis, frater sancti Heinrici imperator in die septem fratrem"[266].� Bishop of Augsburg 1006.� He founded St Moritz at Augsburg.� Wipo, in his description of the election of Konrad II King of Germany in 1024, says that Bruno's "[good] character �[was] obscured by the hate with which he opposed his brother" Emperor Heinrich[267].�

3. GISELA ([985]-Passau 7 May 1065, bur Passau Kloster Niedernburg).� Herimannus names "Gisela, huius soror [=Heinricus imperator]" as wife of "Stephano regi Ungariorum"[268].� The Annalista Saxo states that "mater ipsius [Stephanus Ungariorum rex] Gisla" was sister of "Heinrici inperatoris Babenbergensis", when recording her husband's death[269], but clearly the text misstates "mater" for "uxor".� This marriage was agreed by Gisela's brother Duke Heinrich IV and Istv�n's father to confirm the Hungarian/Bavarian alliance[270].� According to the legends of St Stephen, she founded Veszpr�m Cathedral and the convent of Veszpr�mv�lgy[271].� The Gesta Hungarorum records that "Kysla regina" sent "comitem Sebus" to blind Vazul, whom her husband wished to appoint as his successor after the death of their son Imre, and have moulten lead poured into his ears[272].� Bak suggests that Queen Gisela was blamed because of anti-German feeling in the Hungarian court[273].� According to another Hungarian chronicle, Queen Gisela took council from "an evil man named Buda" concerning her husband's plan to name his nephew Vaz�l as his heir and sent Buda's son Egiruth to do the deed[274].� After her husband died, she was robbed of her possessions by her husband's successor and left Hungary, becoming Abbess of Niedernburg.� m (996) ISTV�N of Hungary, son of G�ZA Prince of Hungary & his first wife Sarolta of Transylvania (Esztergom [969/75]-Buda 15 Aug 1038, bur Sz�kesfeh�rv�r).� He succeeded his father in 997 as Prince of Hungary.� He was crowned ISTV�N I King of Hungary in 1000.

4. BRIGIDA .� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified.� Nun at St Paul's, Regensburg.� Abbess of Andlau.�

Duke Heinrich II had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1):

5. ARNULF (-17 Nov [1018/19]).� Thietmar names Arnulf, brother of Emperor Heinrich II, when recording his installation as Archbishop of Ravenna in 1014[275].� Thietmar records that the health of "Arnulf the king's brother�was seriously damaged by his own people who gave him a drink laced with poison"[276].�

Chapter 5.�� DUKES of BAVARIA (LUXEMBOURG)

1. HEINRICH de Luxembourg, son of SIEGFRIED Graf [Luxembourg] & his wife Hedwig --- (-1026).� "Sygefridus comes" reached an agreement with Heinrich Archbishop of Trier by charter dated 17 Sep 964 which names "coniunx mea Hadewige, filiusque noster Henricus"[277].� The Annalista Saxo names "Teoderici Metensi episcope et Heinrich postmodum ducis Bawarici" as brothers of "domnam Cunigundam, felicis memorie virginem", wife of Emperor Heinrich II[278].� Herimannus names "Theoderico Metense episcopo et Heinrico Baiori� duce Fridericoque comite" as brothers of "Adalbero clericus, regin� Cunigundis germanus", when recording their rebellion against Emperor Heinrich II and deprival of Heinrich's title of Duke of Bavaria in 1008[279].� Vogt of St Maximin at Trier.� His brother-in-law Heinrich II King of Germany appointed him in 1004 as HEINRICH V Duke of Bavaria but resumed the title himself in 1009.� According to Gade, this was due to a dispute over the archbishopric of Trier to which Duke Heinrich was manoeuvring to appoint his brother Adalbert, Prior of St Paul's, the move being was opposed by King Heinrich who feared that too much power would accrue to the Luxembourg family[280].� Henri was reappointed Duke in 1017, but lost the title after the death of Emperor Heinrich II in 1024.� Thietmar records that "the empress�enthroned her brother Heinrich as duke of Bavaria" in 1018[281].� As "Hezzilo Duke of Bavaria", brother of Empress Kunigunda, he is recorded as the latter's adviser in Wipo's description of the election of Konrad II King of Germany in 1024[282].� He lost the title after the election of King Konrad II in 1024.� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death in 1026 of "Heinricus dux Bavarie frater sancte Chunigundis"[283].� The necrology of Ranshofen records the death "III Kal Mar" of "Heinricus dux frater Chunigundis imperatricis"[284].�

2. FRIEDRICH (-6 Oct 1019).� Graf im Moselgau.� Children:�

a) HEINRICH (-14 Oct 1047, bur Trier St Maximin).� According to the Preface of Vit� Heinrici et Cunegundis Imperatores, "Heinricus, filius fratris Chunigundis imperatricis, obit II Idus Octobris"[285], although it does not specify the name of his father.� He succeeded his uncle as Comte de [Luxembourg] in 1026 as well as in his other properties in Moselgau and Bidgau[286].� Vogt of St Maximin at Trier.� He was installed in 1042 as HEINRICH VII Duke of Bavaria by Heinrich III King of Germany.� The Annales Necrologici Fuldenses record the death in 1047 of "Henrichus dux"[287].� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death in 1048 of "Heinricus dux Bavarie filium fratris sancte Chunigundis" in the 23rd year as duke "a suis consiliaris strangulator"[288].� The necrology of Ranshofen records the death "II Id Oct" of "Henricus filius fratris Chunigundis imperatricis"[289].�

b) - other children: see LUXEMBOURG.�

Chapter 6.�� DUKES of BAVARIA (SALIAN KINGS of GERMANY)

1. HEINRICH, son of KONRAD II King of Germany & his wife Gisela of Swabia (28 Oct 1017-Bodfeld im Harz 5 Oct 1056, bur Speyer cathedral).� "Cunradus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property to the church of Paderborn by charter dated 7 Apr 1027, naming for the first time "filii nostri Heinrici"[290].� Wipo names "Heinricus rex, filius imperatoris" when recording his first marriage in 1036[291].� He was installed in 1027 as HEINRICH VI "der Schwarze" Duke of Bavaria, until 1042 when he granted the duchy to Graf Heinrich [Luxembourg].� Crowned HEINRICH III King of Germany at Aachen 14 Apr 1028.� Duke of Swabia 1038-1045.� He resumed possession of the Duchy of Bavaria on the death of Duke Heinrich VII in 1047 until 1049 when he installed Konrad Graf von Z�tphen as Duke.� He was crowned Emperor at Rome 25 Dec 1046.� m secondly (Ingelheim 20 Nov 1043) AGNES de Poitou, daughter of GUILLAUME "le Grand" Duke of Aquitaine [GUILLAUME III Comte de Poitou] & his third wife Agn�s de M�con [Bourgogne-Comt�] ([1025]-Rome 14 Dec 1077, bur Rome, St Peter's).� She was Regent during the minority of her son from 1056, when she also installed herself as AGNES Duchess of Bavaria until 1061 when she appointed Otto von Northeim as Duke.�

a) HEINRICH ([Goslar] 11 Nov 1050-Li�ge 7 Aug 1106, bur Speyer cathedral).� His father installed him as HEINRICH VIII Duke of Bavaria in 1053, until 1054.� Crowned Associate King of Germany at Aachen 17 Jul 1054, he succeeded his father in 1056 as HEINRICH IV King of Germany.� Crowned Emperor at Rome 31 Mar 1084.��

b) KONRAD ([Sep/Oct] 1052-10 Apr 1055).� He was installed as KONRAD II Duke of Bavaria in 1054 when his older brother was crowned associate King of Germany.�

c) other children: - see GERMANY.�

Chapter 7.�� DUKE of BAVARIA (Z�TPHEN)

1. KUNO [Konrad], son of LUDOLF Vogt von Brauweiler [Ezzonen] & his wife Mathilde von Z�tphen (-Hungary [15 Dec] 1055, bur K�ln St Maria ad gradus).� The Brunwilarensis Monasterii Fundatio names "Heinricum et Cunonem" as the two sons of Ludolf & his wife, specifying that one [=Kuno] was installed as Duke of Bavaria[292].� He was installed as KONRAD I Duke of Bavaria in 1049 by Heinrich III King of Germany.� He was deprived of the duchy in 1053 when the king installed his son as Duke.� The necrology of Fulda records the death in 1055 of "Cuono dux"[293].�

Chapter 8.�� DUKE of BAVARIA (GRAFEN von NORTHEIM)

1. OTTO von Northeim, son of BENNO Graf & his wife [Eilika ---] (-11 Jan 1083).� The Annalista Saxo names "Otto dux de Northeim, genere Saxo, dux autem Bawarie" as son of "Bennonis de Northeim", naming his mother in a later passage[294].� Graf von Northeim.� He was installed as OTTO Duke of Bavaria in 1061 by Agnes de Poitou, Regent of Heinrich IV King of Germany.� He was a vigorous opponent of King Heinrich, who accused him of an assassination plot, deposed him as Duke of Bavaria, confiscated his lands in the Harz area, and outlawed him in 1070[295].� He allied himself with Magnus Billung Duke in Saxony, but was forced to submit to King Heinrich and placed in custody until 1072, when all his crown fiefs were returned to him apart from the duchy of Bavaria[296].��

Chapter 9.�� DUKES of BAVARIA (WELF)

WELF [IV], son of ALBERTO AZZO [II] Conte di Luni [Este] & his first wife Kunigunde von Altdorf [Welf] ([1035/40]-Paphos Cyprus 9 Nov 1101, bur Cyprus, removed to Weingarten, near Lake Constance).� The Annalista Saxo names "Welfum seniorum" son of "Azoni marchioni de Langobardia de castris Calun et Estin" (called "Welphus filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum" in an earlier passage[297]) and his wife "Cunizam"[298].� After the death of his maternal uncle Welf III, he was summoned from Italy by his maternal grandmother to inherit the Welf family properties in Swabia and Bavaria[299].� He was installed in 1070 as WELF I Duke of Bavaria by Heinrich IV King of Germany.� Duke Welf supported Rudolf von Rheinfelden, anti-king of Germany, and was deposed as Duke of Bavaria in 1077 by Heinrich IV.� "Heinricus�rex" granted property of "Welfo dux dum erat dux�in pago Passir�in comitatu Gerungi et in comitatu Friderici" to the church of Brixen by charter dated 1078[300].� "Dux Gewelfo eiusque�uxor Iudita" donated property to Kloster Weingarten, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Gwelfonis et Heinrici", dated 12 Mar 1094[301].� He sought to reassert his position in northern Italy against Emperor Heinrich IV by arranging, through Pope Urban II, the marriage of his son to the powerful landowner Matilda Ctss of Tuscany.� In 1095, Welf IV was reconciled with the emperor, who regranted him the duchy of Bavaria[302].� He undertook an expedition to Italy after the death of his father in 1097 to assert his position in the inheritance over his half-brothers[303].� Albert of Aix records that "Willelmus comes et princeps Pictaviensium, de sanguine et origine Henrici tertii imperatoris Romanorum" crossed Hungary peacefully with "duce Bawariorum Welfone et�comitssa�Ida de marchia Osterrich", entered the territory of the Bulgars in which "duce Bulgarorum Guz" refused their passage into Adrianople, but that Guillaume captured "ducem Bulgarorum" who was forced to allow the pilgrims to continue, undated but in a passage adjacent to text which records events in 1101[304].� Albert of Aix records that, after their army was dispersed in Asia Minor by the Turks, Duke Welf eventually reached Jerusalem to complete his pilgrimage but died in Cyprus on the return journey[305].� Ekkehard records the death of Welf Duke of Bavaria and his burial in Cyprus[306].� The necrology of Weingarten records the death "V Id Nov" of "Welf dux senior hic sepultus"[307], which suggests that his body was moved after its first burial in Cyprus.�

[m firstly ---.� According to Jordan, the first wife of Duke Welf I was "the descendant of an unknown Italian line" but he cites no primary source in support of the statement[308].� No other reference to this alleged first marriage has been found.]�

m [firstly/secondly] (divorced 1070) as her first husband, ETHELINDE von Northeim, daughter of OTTO I Graf von Northeim Duke of Bavaria & his wife Richenza of Swabia [Ezzonen].� The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum Crassum comitem�Sifridum de Boumeneburh et Cononem comitem de Bichlinge et tres filias, ex quibus unam nomine Ethilindam accept Welpho dux Bawarie et postquam eam repudiavit duxit eam Herimannus comes de Calverla" as children of Otto von Northeim & his wife[309].� Her husband repudiated her after the disgrace of her father, whom Heinrich IV King of Germany deprived of the duchy of Bavaria[310].� She married secondly Hermann Graf von Calvelage.� The Annales Stadenses refers to the four daughters of Otto, specifying that "tertia fuit uxor Hermanni de Calvela, que genuit Ottonem et Heinricum comites de Ravenesberch" without naming her[311].�

m [secondly/thirdly] ([1071]) as her second husband, JUDITH de Flandre, widow of TOSTIG Godwinson Earl of Northumbria, daughter of BAUDOUIN IV Count of Flanders & his second wife [El�onore] de Normandie ([1033]-[5] Mar 1094, bur St Martin Monastery).� The Annalista Saxo names "Iudhita�amita Rodberti comitis de Flandria ex cognatione beati Ethmundi regis" as husband of "Haroldi" (in error for Tostig) but correctly names her second husband "Welphus filius Azzonis marchionis Italorum"[312].� The Genealogia Welforum names "filiam comitis Flandrie, reginam Anglie, Iuditam nomine" as wife of Welf[313].� Florence of Worcester says that Judith was "daughter of Baldwin Count of Flanders" but does not specify which Count Baldwin nor is this clear from the context[314].� According to the Vita �dwardi Regis, she was the sister of Count Baudouin V[315].� Alberic de Trois Fontaines asserts that Judith was one of the children of Baudouin V Count of Flanders & his wife Adela de France[316], but there are other clear errors in his listing of this couple's children so the statement should be viewed with caution.� Judith is also listed as the daughter of Count Baudouin V (after Mathilde) in a manuscript whose attribution to Orderic Vitalis is disputed, which also shows her first marriage[317].� The date of her first marriage is confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which records that "earl Godwine" fled after the Council of 9 Sep 1051 "with Tostig and his wife who was a kinswoman of Baldwin of Bruges"[318].� Judith moved to Denmark after her first husband was killed.� "Dux Gewelfo eiusque�uxor Iudita" donated property to Kloster Weingarten, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Gwelfonis et Heinrici", dated 12 Mar 1094[319].� The Chronicon of Bernold records the death "1094 IV Non Mar" of "Iuditha uxor ducis Welfonis Baioari�" and her burial "apud monasterium�Sancti Martini" built by her husband[320].� The necrology of Raitenbuch records the death "III Non Mar" of "Iudinta regina Anglie, filia marchionis de Este uxor Welfonis nostri fundatoris"[321], exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage and confusing her paternity.� The necrology of Weingarten records the death "III Non Mar" of "Judita dux regina Anglie"[322], also exaggerating her status resulting from her first marriage.�

Duke Welf & his [second/third] wife had two children:

1. WELF [V] ([1073]-Burg Kaufering 24 Sep 1120, bur Weingarten).� The Annalista Saxo names "dux Welpho, ducis Bawarie Welphonis filius" as husband of "Machtildis filia Beatricis ex Bonifacio marchione de Langobardia".� A later passage names his mother and specifies that he was the older son and died childless[323].� He bore the title "dux et marchese" in a 27 Jun 1090 document at Mantua in which he is named before his wife[324]. �"Dux Gewelfo eiusque�uxor Iudita" donated property to Kloster Weingarten, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Gwelfonis et Heinrici", dated 12 Mar 1094[325].� He returned to Bavaria after separating from his wife in 1095[326].� He succeeded his father in 1101 in his Bavarian and Swabian estates, and was appointed as WELF II Duke of Bavaria by Emperor Heinrich IV.� He was a strong supporter of Emperor Heinrich V, accompanying him on many expeditions to Italy[327].� The necrology of Weingarten records the death "VIII Kal Oct" of "Welf Pinguis dux hic sepultus"[328].� m (in secret mid-1089, separated summer 1095[329]) as her second husband, MATILDA Signora di Canossa Ctss of Tuscany, widow of GODEFROI III "le Bossu" Duke of Lower Lotharingia, daughter and heiress of BONIFAZIO Marchese of Tuscany, Signor di Canossa & his second wife Beatrix of Upper Lotharingia ([Mantua] 1046-Bondeno de' Roncovi 24 Jul 1115, bur Monastery of San Benedetto di Polirone, transferred 1633 to St Peter's Rome).� The Annalista Saxo names "Machtildis filia Beatricis ex Bonifacio marchione de Langobardia" as husband of "dux Welpho, ducis Bawarie Welphonis filius"[330].� The Chronicon of Bernold records the marriage in 1089 of "dux Mathildis filia Bonifacii marchionis, sed vidua Gotefridi ducis" and "Welfoni duci filio Welfonis ducis"[331].� The Annales Cremonenses record the death in 1115 of "comitissa Matildis"[332].� The Cronica of Sicardi Bishop of Cremona records the death in 1115 of "comitissa Matildis" and her burial "aput ecclesiam sancti Benedicti inter Padum et Lironem quam Teutaldus avus construxerat et Bonifacius pater eius ampliaverat"[333].�

2. HEINRICH ([1074]-Ravensburg 13 Dec 1126, bur Weingarten).� The Annalista Saxo records the death in 1126 of "Heinricus dux Bawarie�filius Welphonis ducis�[et] Iudhitam"[334].� He succeeded his brother in 1120 as HEINRICH IX "der Schwarze" Duke of Bavaria.�

-�� see below.�

HEINRICH, son of WELF I Duke of Bavaria & his [second/third] wife Judith de Flandre ([1074]-Ravensburg 13 Dec 1126, bur Weingarten).� The Annalista Saxo records the death in 1126 of "Heinricus dux Bawarie�filius Welphonis ducis�[et] Iudhitam"[335].� "Dux Gewelfo eiusque�uxor Iudita" donated property to Kloster Weingarten, with the consent of "filiorum suorum Gwelfonis et Heinrici", dated 12 Mar 1094[336].� On the death of his father-in-law in 1106, he inherited extensive territories in Saxony around L�neburg and in the Bardengau[337].� He was appointed to succeed his brother in 1120 as HEINRICH IX "der Schwarze" Duke of Bavaria.� He initially supported the candidacy of his son-in-law Friedrich Duke of Swabia to succeed Emperor Heinrich V as King of Germany in 1125, but eventually supported the election of Lothar von S�pplingenberg, presumably on the understanding of his son's marriage to Lothar's only daughter, which took place in 1127[338].� The enmity of the Staufen family which this created was to have far-reaching consequences in Germany for the rest of the century.� Duke Heinrich became a monk at Weingarten shortly before his death[339].� The Historia Welforum records that Duke Heinrich became a monk shortly before he died "in castro Ravenspurch"[340].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "12 Dec" of "Henricus dux"[341].� The necrology of Weingarten records the death "Id Dec" of "Heinricus dux et m n c �pater Welfonis, hic sepultus"[342].�

m WULFHILD of Saxony, daughter of MAGNUS Duke of Saxony [Billung] & his wife Zs�fia of Hungary (-Altdorf 29 Dec 1126, bur Weingarten).� The Annalista Saxo names "Wifhildem et Eilicam" as the two daughters of Duke Magnus & his wife, specifying that Wulfhild married "Heinrico duci, filio Welfi ducis senioris de Bawaria"[343].� The Historia Welforum records that Wulfhild died at Altdorf "decimo sexton die post mortem mariti" and was buried "in monasterio sancti Martini"[344].� The necrology of L�neburg records the death "29 Dec" of "Wlfhild ducissa"[345].� The necrology of Weingarten records the death "IV Kal Jan" of "Wuolfhildis ducissa hic sepulta"[346].�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name of Duke Heinrich's mistress is not known.�

Duke Heinrich & his wife had seven children:�

1. HEINRICH ([1108]-Quedlinburg 20 Oct 1139, bur K�nigslutter).� The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum inclitum ducem Saxonie et Bawarie et Welfonem et quatuor filias" as children of Duke Heinrich & his wife Wulfhild[347].� He succeeded his father in 1126 as HEINRICH X "der Stolze" Duke of Bavaria.� His father-in-law installed him as administrator of the lands previously held by Matilda of Tuscany, after conceding papal ownership of them in return for a usufruct[348].� His father-in-law invested him as HEINRICH Duke of Saxony in 1137 shortly before his death.�

a) HEINRICH ([1132/33]-Braunschweig 6 Aug 1195, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).� He succeeded in 1142 as HEINRICH "der L�we" Duke of Saxony, and in 1156 as HEINRICH XII Duke of Bavaria.� He lost Saxony and Bavaria 1180, but kept his territories in Braunschweig.�

-�� DUKES of SAXONY.�

2. KONRAD (-Bari 17 Mar 1126, bur Molfetta).� The Historia Welforum names (in order) "Counradum, Heinricum, Guelfonem" as the three sons of "Heinricus dux ex Wulfilde", specifying that Konrad "in clericum ordinatus" and became a monk at "Clarevallense monasterium", visited Jerusalem, and died on his return journey at Bari where he was buried[349].� Cistercian monk.

3. SOPHIE (-10 Jul before 1147).� The Historia Welforum names (in order) "Iuditham, Sophiam, Mahtildem, Wulfildem" as the four daughters of "Heinricus dux ex Wulfilde", specifying that Sophie married firstly "Bertoldus dux de Zaringen" and secondly "Leopaldus marchio de Stira"[350].� The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum inclitum ducem Saxonie et Bawarie et Welfonem et quatuor filias" children of Duke Heinrich & his wife Wulfhild, specifying that Sophie (named second in the list of daughters) married firstly "Bertoldus dux de Zaringe" and secondly "marchio Liuppoldus de Stire"[351].� The Genealogia Zaringorum names "Sophya soror Heinrici ducis Saxonie" as wife of "Berchtoldus", specifying that they were childless and that she married secondly "comiti de Stire"[352].� "Leupoldus marchio de Steyern" granted property to "ministeriali meo Rudigero", with the support of "mee coniugis Sophie", by charter dated to [1128][353].� �Leopoldus...marchio de Styra...me� conjugis Sophi�� founded Rein by charter dated to [1129][354].� She became a nun at Admont after her second husband died.� A charter dated to [1135] exchanges of property between "Uuolfker sacerdos" and "domine Sophie marchionisse et filio eius Otacro marchioni"[355].� A charter dated 22 Feb 1138, which records the foundation of Kloster Reun, lists donations by "domina Sophia marchionissa�cum filio marchione Otakro" for the souls of "filii ac filiarum Otakri�marchionis, Elisabeth ac Margarethe"[356].� The necrology of Admunt records the death "VI Id Jul" of "Sophya ex marchionissa cv"[357].� The necrology of Weingarten records the death "V Id Jul" of "Suophia com de Stira hic sepulta"[358].� m firstly BERTHOLD III Herzog von Z�hringen, son of BERTHOLD II Herzog von Z�hringen [Baden] & his wife Agnes von Rheinfelden (-killed in battle near Molsheim 3 Dec 1122, bur St Peter im Schwarzwald).� m secondly ([1122/23]) LEOPOLD �der Starke� Markgraf of Styria, son of OTAKAR II Markgraf of Styria & his wife Elisabeth of Austria [Babenberg] (-24 Oct 1129).�

4. JUDITH (after 1100-22 Feb [1130/31], bur Walburg im Heiligen Forst, Alsace).� The Historia Welforum names (in order) "Iuditham, Sophiam, Mahtildem, Wulfildem" as the four daughters of "Heinricus dux ex Wulfilde", specifying that Judith married "Friderico Suevorum duci"[359].� The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum inclitum ducem Saxonie et Bawarie et Welfonem et quatuor filias" as children of Duke Heinrich & his wife Wulfhild, specifying that one of the daughters (mentioned first in the list of daughters, but not named) married "Fridericus dux Suevorum"[360].� m ([1119/21]) as his first wife, FRIEDRICH II �der Ein�ugige� Duke of Swabia, son of FRIEDRICH I Duke of Swabia [Staufen] & his wife Agnes of Germany (1090-Alzey 4 or 6 Apr 1147, bur Walburg Abbey).�

5. MATHILDE (-16 Feb or 16 Mar [1183], bur Kastl).� The Historia Welforum names (in order) "Iuditham, Sophiam, Mahtildem, Wulfildem" as the four daughters of "Heinricus dux ex Wulfilde", specifying that Mathilde married firstly "Theopaldo filio Theopaldi marchionis de Voheburch" and secondly "Gebehardo de Sulzbach"[361].� The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum inclitum ducem Saxonie et Bawarie et Welfonem et quatuor filias" as children of Duke Heinrich & his wife Wulfhild, specifying that "Quarta Machtildis nomine" married firstly "Thieppoldo iuniori, filio Thieppoldi marchionis senioris" and secondly "Gebehardus filius Beringeri comitis de Sulzbach"[362].� The Latin Chronicle of Kloster Kastel records the death �XVII Kal Apr circa� 1181 of �domina Mehtildis comitissa�, adding that she �relinquit Perngerum iuniorem et quinque filias�[363].� m firstly ([1128]) DIEPOLD [IV] Markgraf von Vohburg, son of DIEPOLD [III] Markgraf von Vohburg & his first wife Adelajda of Poland (-[1128]).� m secondly (contract 24 Oct 1129) GEBHARD [III] Graf von Sulzbach, son of BERENGAR [III] Graf von Sulzbach & his second wife Adelheid von Wolfratshausen (-28 Oct [1188], bur Kastl).�

6. WELF [VI] ([16 Dec 1114/15 Dec 1116]-Memmingen 14/15 Dec 1191, bur Steingaden).� The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum inclitum ducem Saxonie et Bawarie et Welfonem et quatuor filias" as the children of Duke Heinrich and his wife Wulfhild[364].� The Historia Welforum names (in order) "Counradum, Heinricum, Guelfonem" as the three sons of "Heinricus dux ex Wulfilde"[365].� After the death of his older brother Heinrich in 1139, Welf led the opposition to Konrad III King of Germany in Bavaria, although he was defeated at Weinsberg in 1140[366].� He founded Kloster Steingaden in 1147.� He joined the Second Crusade with King Konrad in 1147, and took part in the 25 Oct 1147 defeat at Dorylaeum[367].� When King Konrad agreed an alliance with Emperor Manuel I against Roger II King of Sicily, Welf agreed to support the Sicilians[368].� Welf was heavily defeated at Flochberg near N�rdlingen in Feb 1150 and reached a peace settlement with King Konrad in 1151[369].� In 1152, Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany invested Welf as Duke of Spoleto and Marchese of Tuscany, and with Sardinia and the lands formerly held by Matilda Ctss of Tuscany, as a means of acquiring Welf support after his election[370].� Vogt von Zwiefalten 1152.� Von Ravensburg 1152.� Short of money, Welf gradually returned his Italian lands to Emperor Friedrich I, and from 1173 ceased to use his Italian titles.� Welf VI also agreed to make Emperor Friedrich his successor in the Welf lands around Ravensburg[371].� The necrology of Raitenbuch records the death "XIX Kal Jan" of "dux Guelfo VI fundator monasterii Staingadensis"[372].� The necrology of Weingarten records the death "XVIII Kal Jan" of "Welfo dux, Welfonum ultimus filius Heinrici ducis"[373].� m (before Jan 1133) UTA von Calw Herzogin von Schauenburg, daughter of GOTTFRIED I Graf von Calw Pfalzgraf am Rhein & his wife Liutgard von Z�hringen (-1196).� The Annales Sindelfingenses name (in order) "Uotam [uxorem Welphoni de Spoleto] et Lutgardam" as daughters of "Uot�"[374].� The Historia Welforum names "filiam Gotefridi�palatine de Kalwe, Outam" as wife of "Guelfo�frater�Heinrico duce"[375].� The Codex Hirsaugiensis records that �domna Uta soror Gotefridi palatini comitis� donated property �ad Heilbrunnen� to Kloster Hirsau but that �frater...eius Gotefridus palatinus comes...[et] domnus Welff dux qui filiam eius in coniugium acceperat� unjustly retained it, and that the latter �cum uxore et filio Welffone� later returned it at the request of �coniuge sua...Uta�, undated[376].� She founded Kloster Allerheiligen in 1192.� Duke Welf & his wife had one child:�

a) WELF [VII] (-Siena 12 Sep 1167, bur Steingaden).� The Annales Sindelfingenses name "Welphonem iuniorem" as son of "Welphoni de Spoleto" and his wife Uta, specifying that he besieged T�bingen "1165 VIII Id Sep"[377].� The Codex Hirsaugiensis records that �domna Uta soror Gotefridi palatini comitis� donated property �ad Heilbrunnen� to Kloster Hirsau but that �frater...eius Gotefridus palatinus comes...[et] domnus Welff dux qui filiam eius in coniugium acceperat� unjustly retained it, and that the latter �cum uxore et filio Welffone� later returned it at the request of �coniuge sua...Uta�, undated[378].� Duke of Spoleto 1160.� He died of malaria while fighting on Emperor Friedrich I's Italian expedition of 1167[379].� The Hugonis Ratisponensis Cronica records the death in 1167 of "Welfo filius Welfonis" during the emperor's Italian campaign[380].� The necrology of Weingarten records the death "II Id Sep" of "Welf dux iunior"[381].�

7. WULFHILD (-18 May after 1156).� The Historia Welforum names (in order) "Iuditham, Sophiam, Mahtildem, Wulfildem" as the four daughters of "Heinricus dux ex Wulfilde", specifying that Wulfhild married "Roudolfus Bregantinus comes"[382].� The Annalista Saxo names "Heinricum inclitum ducem Saxonie et Bawarie et Welfonem et quatuor filias" as the children of Duke Heinrich and his wife Wulfhild, specifying that "terciam nominee Wifhildem" married "Rodolfus comes de Bregence"[383].� Nun at Wessobrunn 1155.� m as his second wife, RUDOLF Graf von Bregenz, son of ULRICH [X] Graf von Bregenz & his wife Bertha von Rheinfelden (-27/28 Apr 1160).�

Duke Heinrich had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

8. ADALBERT (-1144).� Abbot of Corvey.� The Annalista Saxo records that "Adalbero frater Heinrici ducis" succeeded as Abbot of Corvey in 1138[384].� It is assumed that "Heinrici ducis" refers to Heinrich X [Welf] who was duke of Bavaria and Saxony at that date.� Adalbert is unlikely to have been the legitimate son of Duke Heinrich IX as he is not named as such in other sources (see above) which appear to provide an exclusive list of the duke's children by his wife Wulfhild.�

Chapter 10.� DUKES of BAVARIA (BABENBERG)

Brothers:�

1. LEOPOLD, son of LEOPOLD III "der Heilige" Markgraf of Austria & his second wife Agnes of Germany (-Niederalteich 18 Oct 1141, bur Heiligenkreuz).� The Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis names "Liupoldus" third son of "Liupoldus marchio Austrie" and "Agnetem imperatoris Heinrici IV filiam", specifying that he was made Duke of Bavaria and was buried "apud Sanctam Crucem"[385].� He succeeded his father in 1136 as LEOPOLD IV Markgraf of Austria.� Konrad III King of Germany invested him as LEOPOLD Duke of Bavaria in 1139 after depriving Heinrich "der Stolze" [Welf] of the duchy.�

2. HEINRICH (1112-from a fall from a horse 13 Jan 1177, bur Vienna Schottenkloster).� Pfalzgraf bei Rhein 1140-1141.� He succeeded his brother in 1141 as HEINRICH II "Jasomirgott" Markgraf of Austria.� He was appointed HEINRICH XI Duke of Bavaria in 1143, after retaining the duchy in his own hands for more than a year after his brother's death[386].� He was deprived of the duchy of Bavaria in 1156 by Friedrich I "Barbarossa" King of Germany in favour of the Welf Duke Heinrich "der L�we", in order to terminate the German kings' longstanding dispute with the Welf family[387].� He was created Duke of Austria 8 Sep 1156 at Regensburg.�

Chapter 11.� DUKES of BAVARIA (WITTELSBACH)

A.�� DUKES of BAVARIA 1180-1294

OTTO von Wittelsbach, son of OTTO [IV] von Scheyern Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach & his wife Heilika von Pettendorf (-Pfullendorf 11 Jul 1183, bur Scheyern).� The Chronicon Schirense names "Otto palatinus comes" as brother of "Chounradus�Magentinus episcopus", specifying that he was buried at Scheyern[388].� Graf von Wittelsbach 1147.� Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach 8 May 1149.� Vogt of Freising Cathedral 1158.� Vogt von Weihenstephan 1160.� Graf im Kelsgau 1161.� "Amalrico patriarcha (Hierosolymis)" confirmed a donation of property "pr�dium Othmanshart et Liuchenthal" to the Knights Templars by "Othoni palatino majori, per manum Friderici, palatini comitis, fratris eius", by charter dated 27 Apr 1168[389].� He was created OTTO I Duke of Bavaria, by imperial order at Altenburg 16 Sep 1180, after Emperor Friedrich I "Barbarossa" deprived Heinrich "der L�we" Duke of Bavaria and Saxony of his titles, although the territory of the duchy was split with the Markgrafschaft von Steiermark [Styria] being made into a separate duchy[390].� The Annales Schaftlarienses record the death of "Otto dux" in 1183[391].� The necrology of Windberg records the death "V Id Jul" of "Otto dux Bawarie"[392].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "V Id Jul" of "Otto dux Baiorie"[393].� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "V Id Jul" of "Otto dux Bavarie"[394].�

m ([1156/58] or before) AGNES van Looz, daughter of LOUIS [I] Comte de Looz, Graf von Rieneck & his wife Agnes von Metz (-26 Mar 1191, bur Scheyern).� Wegener cites a source dated [1156/58] which names "Otto pal. comes" and his wife Agnes[395].� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� The necrology of Scheftlarn records the death "VII Kal Apr" of "Agnes ducissa"[396].� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "VII Kal Apr" of "Agnes ducissa Bavarie"[397].� The necrology of Weltenburg records the death "VII Kal Mar" of "Agnes ducissa"[398].�

Duke Otto & his wife had [ten] children:�

1. [OTTO von Wittelsbach (-7 Aug [1178], bur Ensdorf).� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "VII Id Aug" of "Otto filius palatini"[399].� It is not certain that this refers to a daughter of Otto I Duke of Bavaria, as he is only one of several possible "palatini".]�

2. [ULRICH von Wittelsbach (-29 May ----).� The necrology of Weltenburg records the death "IV Kal Jun" of "Oalricus filius palatini"[400].� It is not certain that this refers to a daughter of Otto I Duke of Bavaria, as he is only one of several possible "palatini".]�

3. [AGNES von Wittelsbach (-13 Jan ----).� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "Id Jan" of "Agnes filia palatini"[401].� It is not certain that this refers to a daughter of Otto I Duke of Bavaria, as he is only one of several possible "palatini".]�

4. HEILIKA (-9 Oct [1200]).� The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� names "Heilkam" as second of the five daughters of "Otto dictus de Schiren�dux Bawarie" and her husband "Dietricus comes de Wasserburch"[402].� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "VII Id Oct" of "Heilca com de Wasserburg"[403].� m (before 1178) DIETRICH Graf von Wasserburg und Viechtenstein, son of ENGELBERT Graf von Wasserburg [Diessen] & his wife Hedwig von Formbach (-25 Jan [1206]).��

5. AGNES (-[1200]).� The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� refers to, but does not name, the third of the five daughters of "Otto dictus de Schiren�dux Bawarie" as wife of "Heinricus comes de Pleien" and their son "Chunradum comitem"[404].� �Cometissa Agnes de Pl�gen et filius eius Chonradus� donated �predia duo...Wurmeshein...Hangenhein� to Berchtesgaden, for the souls of �comitis Henrici et filii sui Ottonis�, by charter dated 1197, witnessed by �comes Otto de Liubenauwe, Liutoldus comes de Plagen...�[405]. m (before 1177) HEINRICH Graf von Plain und Hardegg, son of LIUTOLD [I] Graf von Plain & his wife Uta von Peilstein (-30 Oct [1196]).

6. daughter (bur Neresheim).� The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� refers to, but does not name, the fifth of the five daughters of "Otto dictus de Schiren�dux Bawarie" as wife of "Albertus comes de Diligen" and their children "Hartmannum comitem et Richsam uxorem Alberti comitis de Bogen et --- uxorem Rapotonis comitis palatini Bawarie"[406].� m ADALBERT [III] Graf von Dillingen, son of HARTMANN [III] Graf von Dillingen & his wife Richenza von Lenzburg (-15 Feb 1214, bur Neresheim).��

7. RICHARDIS (-Roermond 21 Sep 1231, bur Roermond).� The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� refers to, but does not name, the fourth of the five daughters of "Otto dictus de Schiren�dux Bawarie" as wife of "Otto comes de Gelre", specifying that they had three sons[407].� The Kronik van Arent toe Bocop records that "Otto�grave van Gelre" married "des graven docter van Gullick�Richgerda"[408], which misstates her origin.� Her name is further confirmed by the charter dated 1250 under which her grandson "Otto�comes Gelrensis" names "avia mea domina Richardis�avi mei Ottonis comitis"[409].� "Otto�comes Gelrensis�cum uxore nostra Richarda" granted customs privileges to Kloster Altenburg by charter dated to [1188][410].� Abbess of the Munster Abbey at Roermond.� m ([1185]) OTTO I Graaf van Gelre en Z�tphen, son of HENDRIK Graaf van Gelre & his wife Agnes von Arnstein (-22 Oct 1207, bur Kloster Kamp).

8. ELISABETH (-Kloster Biburg [1189/90]).� Wegener quotes the Chronicon Reichenbach which records the death of "Perhtoldus filius Diepoldi marchionis�VIII Kal Jun" without heirs, recording that his Mark was inherited by "Ludovici ducis Bavari�" whose sister he had married[411].� m as his first wife, BERTHOLD [II] Markgraf von Vohburg, son of BERTHOLD [I] Markgraf von Vohburg & his wife --- (-25 May 1204).

9. LUDWIG von Wittelsbach (23 Nov 1173-murdered on the Kelheimer Bridge 14/15 Sep 1231, bur Scheyern).� The Chronicon Schirense names "Ludwicum�parvulum" as heir of "Otto palatinus comes"[412].� Wegener cites a source dated [20 Jul] 1183 which names Agnes as a widow with her son Ludwig[413].� He succeeded his father in 1183 as LUDWIG I Duke of Bavaria.� "Ludevicus�tocius Bauwarie dux" confirmed the donation to Augsburg St Ulrich made by "consanguineus noster Otto palatinus comes de Witilispach" by charter dated 24 Jan 1204[414].� After the death of Pfalzgraf Heinrich II [Welf] 25 Apr 1214, Duke Ludwig claimed to succeed as LUDWIG Pfalzgraf bei Rhein: a charter dated to [Oct] 1214 records that �Ludewicus...palatinus comes Rheni et dux Bavarie�, having been defeated �a militia domini regis Friderici de inferiori Germania", donated property to Kloster Sch�nau[415].� Ludwig did not receive immediate imperial recognition of this new title: �...Ludovicus dux Bavarie...� witnessed the charter dated Dec 1214 under which �Fridericus secundus...Romanorum rex" agreed an alliance with Valdemar II King of Denmark[416].� Ludwig�s position as Pfalzgraf was recognised by Friedrich II King of Germany before 2 Apr 1215, the date of a charter under which �Fridericus secundus...Romanorum rex" confirmed the privileges of Palermo cathedral, witnessed by �...L. palatinus comes Reni et dux Bavarie...�[417].� Ludwig was challenged as Pfalzgraf by Heinrich's father, formerly Pfalzgraf Heinrich I, who had given up the Pfalzgrafschaft in favour of his son.� On the death of Pfalzgraf Heinrich I in 1227, Duke Ludwig was unchallenged as Pfalzgraf but resigned the position to his son Otto.� After the murder of Engelbert von Berg Archbishop of K�ln in 1223, Duke Ludwig was appointed regent in Germany for Heinrich VII King of Germany [Hohenstaufen] although King Heinrich seized personal control in 1228[418].� The necrology of Windberg records the death "XVIII Kal Oct" of "Luduycus dux Bavarie"[419].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVIII Kal Oct" of "Ludwicus dux Bawarie"[420].� m (end-Oct 1204) as her second husband, LUDMILLA of Bohemia, widow of ADALBERT [IV] Graf von Bogen, daughter of FRIEDRICH Duke of Bohemia & his wife Ersz�bet of Hungary ([1170]-5 Aug 1240, bur Seligenthal).� The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� names "Ludmilam" as daughter of "Fridericus dux Boemie", her first husband "Albertus comes de Bogen" and her second husband "Ludwicus dux Bawarie"[421].� The De Advocatis Altahensibus names "Ludmila" as wife of "Adalbertum comitem"[422].� "Ludomia ducissa Bawarie" founded Kloster Seligenthal (near Landshut), with the consent of "filio meo Ottone�duce Bawarie et palatino comite Reni", for the souls of "maritorum meorum defunctorum�Ludewici ducis Bawarie et Adelberti comitis de Bogen" and "filiorum meorum�ducis et Adelberti comitis", by charter dated 1232[423].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "Non Aug 1240" of "domina Ludemia ducissa fundatrix nostra"[424].� The necrology of F�rstenfeld records the death "Non Aug" of "Ludmilla avia fundatoris nostri"[425].� Duke Ludwig & his wife had one child:�

a) OTTO von Bayern (Kelheim 1206-Landshut 29 Nov 1253, bur Scheyern).� The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� names "Ottonem�palatinum comitem Rheni ducem Bawarie" as son of "Ludwicus dux Bawarie" and his wife Ludmilla[426].� Pfalzgraf bei Rhein 1228.� He succeeded his father in 1231 as OTTO II "der Erlauchte" Duke of Bavaria.�

-�� see below.�

10. SOPHIE (-10 Jul 1238, bur Eisenack St Katharina Kloster).� The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� names "Sophiam" as first of the five daughters of "Otto dictus de Schiren�dux Bawarie", although the order appears inaccurate in view of Sophie's marriage date, and her husband "Hermannus langravius Thuringie"[427].� "Heinricus Thur. lantgravius et Saxonie comes palat." confirmed a donation by charter dated 16 May 1228, with the consent of "matris nostre Sophie, uxoris nostre Elisabeth, fratris nostri Cunradi" and names "frater noster beate memorie Ludewicus lantgravius"[428].� The Annales Erphordenses record the death "1238 VI Id Iul" of "Sophia mater Heinrico lantgravii" and her burial at Eisenach "in ecclesia beate Catharine"[429].� The necrology of Thuringia records the death "VI Id Jul" of "Sophia lantgravia"[430].� m (1196) as his second wife, HERMANN I Landgraf of Thuringia, son of LUDWIG II "der Eiserne" Landgraf of Thuringia & his wife Judith [Jutta] von Staufen (-Burg Friedenstein bei Gotha 25 Apr 1217, bur Schlo� Friedenstein).

OTTO von Bayern, son of LUDWIG I Duke of Bavaria, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein & his wife Ludmila of Bohemia (Kelheim 1206-Landshut 29 Nov 1253, bur Scheyern).� The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� names "Ottonem�palatinum comitem Rheni ducem Bawarie" as son of "Ludwicus dux Bawarie" and his wife Ludmilla[431].� Pfalzgraf bei Rhein 1228.� He succeeded his father in 1231 as OTTO II "der Erlauchte" Duke of Bavaria.� "Ludomia ducissa Bawarie" founded Kloster Seligenthal (near Landshut), with the consent of "filio meo Ottone�duce Bawarie et palatino comite Reni", for the souls of "maritorum meorum defunctorum�Ludewici ducis Bawarie et Adelberti comitis de Bogen" and "filiorum meorum�ducis et Adelberti comitis", by charter dated 1232[432].� He joined the Bohemian/Austrian alliance against Emperor Friedrich II in 1236 following imperial imposition of direct rule over Austria.� Duke Otto and Wenzel I King of Bohemia withdrew from the diet at Eger in Jun 1239, resolving to elect an anti-King of Germany[433].� Duke Otto allied himself with Konrad IV King of Germany against Heinrich Raspe anti-King of Germany, confirmed by his daughter's marriage in Sep 1246 to the king, and withstood anti-King Heinrich's subsequent incursion into Bavaria[434].� He continued as an active supporter of King Konrad after the election of Willem II Count of Holland as anti-king, although he was prevented from participating in the conflicts of Mar 1251 by threats against Bavaria by Wenzel I King of Bohemia[435].� Duke Otto repulsed an attempted invasion of Bavaria by Siegfried Archbishop of Mainz whom he defeated at N�rdlingen[436].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "III Kal Dec" of "Otto dux Bauarie"[437].�

m (Worms May 1222) AGNES von Braunschweig, daughter of HEINRICH Herzog von Braunschweig, ex-Pfalzgraf bei Rhein & his first wife Agnes von Staufen ([1201]-16 Nov 1267, bur Scheyern).� The Not� Sancti Emeranni record the marriage of "Otto dux Bawarie" and "filiam Heinrici palatine Rheni"[438].� The Altahenses Annales name "Agnes ducissa Bawarie" when recording the birth of her son Ludwig[439].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "XVI Kal Dec" of "Agnes ducissa Bauarie"[440].� The necrology of F�rstenfeld records the death "XVI Kal Dec" of "Agnes ducissa mater fundatoris nostri"[441].� The necrology of Weltenburg records the death "XVI Kal Dec" of "Agnnes ducissa Wabarie"[442].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVI Kal Nov" of "Agnetis com^a palatina Reni ducissa Bawarie"[443].�

Duke Otto & his wife had five children:�

1. ELISABETH von Bayern (Landshut [1227]-9/10 Oct 1273, bur Kloster Stams).� "Otto�Comes Palatini Reni Dux Bawarie" exchanged property with the abbot of Niederaltaich, naming "Ludovico filio nostro�et Heinrico fratre suo et sororibus suis Elysabet, Sophya et Agnete", by charter dated 17 Oct 1244[444].� The Altahenses Annales record the marriage in 1246 of "Chunradus filius Friderici imperatoris" and "Elysabeth filiam Ottonis ducis Bawarie"[445].� Konrad's marriage to "filiam ducis Bavari�" is recorded by Matthew of Paris in 1248[446].� Her first marriage was arranged by her future husband to gain Bavarian support against the papal party after his defeat at Frankfurt against Heinrich Raspe anti-King of Germany[447].� The Altahenses Annales record the second marriage "in octava sancti Mychaelis aput Monacum" of "Meinhardus comes Goricie" and "Elysabeth sororem Ludwici et Heinrici ducem Bawarie relictam Chunradi regis"[448].� She founded Kloster Stams.� The necrology of K�nigsfelden records the death "VII Id Oct" of "domina Elizabecht quondam regina Romanorum, mater domine Elizabeht Romanorum regine fundatricis nostre"[449].� The necrology of Stams records the death "VI Id Oct" of "domina Elizabeth regina prima fundatrix monasterii"[450].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "VI Id Oct" of "Elisabeth com de Tyrol"[451].� m firstly (Vohburg 1 Sep 1246) KONRAD IV King of Germany Duke of Swabia, son of Emperor FRIEDRICH II & his second wife Yolande de Brienne Queen of Jerusalem (Andria 25 Apr 1228-near Lavello, Apulia 21 May 1254, bur Messina Cathedral).� m secondly (Munich 6 Oct 1259) MEINHARD II Graf von Tirol [MEINHARD IV Graf von G�rz], son of MEINHARD I Graf von Tirol [MEINHARD III Graf von G�rz] & his wife Adelheid von Tirol (Landshut [1227]-Greifenbach, Tirol 1 Nov 1295, bur Kloster Stams).� He succeeded in 1286 as Meinhard II Duke of Carinthia.

2. LUDWIG von Bayern (Heidelberg 13 Apr 1229-Heidelberg 2 Feb 1294, bur Kloster F�rstenfeld).� The Altahenses Annales record the birth "1229 Id Apr" of "Agnes ducissa Bawarie filium�Ludwicus"[452].� "Otto�Comes Palatini Reni Dux Bawarie" exchanged property with the abbot of Niederaltaich, naming "Ludovico filio nostro�et Heinrico fratre suo et sororibus suis Elysabet, Sophya et Agnete", by charter dated 17 Oct 1244[453].� He succeeded his father in 1253 as LUDWIG II "der Strenge" joint Duke of Bavaria, jointly with his brother Heinrich I.� After joint rule became unworkable, he and his brother agreed a division of the family's territories in 1255, under which Ludwig became Duke of Upper Bavaria (Oberbayern) and Pfalzgraf bei Rhein.� "L�comes palatinus Rheni, dux Bawarie" supported the candidature of "Rikardum comitem Cornubie, fratrem regis Anglie" as king of Germany by charter dated 26 Nov 1256[454].� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses record that Duke Ludwig founded "abbaciam in Furstenfeld ordinis Cisterciensis" in 1263[455]. �Rudolf I King of Germany appointed Duke Ludwig to preside over the implementation of his policy of return to the empire of all properties unlawfully appropriated since the deposition of Emperor Friedrich II in 1245, promulgated at the Diet of N�rnburg 19 Nov 1274[456].� Duke Ludwig objected to his brother's claim to an electoral vote, confirmed in a 29 May 1276 agreement between the two designed to settle some of their differences[457].� The Not� Altahenses record the death "1294 IV Non Feb" of "Ludwicus dux Bawarie"[458].� The Ratisponensis Annales record the death "1294 apud Haidelberch Kal Feb" of "Ludwicus comes palatinus Reni dux Bawarie"[459].� m firstly (2 Aug 1254) MARIE de Brabant, daughter of HENRI II Duke of Brabant & his first wife Maria von Staufen (-beheaded Donauw�rth 1256, bur Donauw�rth Heiliges Kreuz Stift).� The Oude Kronik van Brabant names (in order) "Mechtildim comitissam Atrebatensem et Sancti Pauli, Mariam comitissam palatinam Reni, Beatricem lantgraviam Thuringie postea comitissam Flandrie, et Margaretam sanctiomonialem, postea abbatissam in Valle Ducis" as the daughters of "Henricus secundus et quintus dux Brabancie" and his first wife Marie[460].� The Genealogia Ducum Brabanti� Heredum Franci� names "Maria" as second of the four daughters of "Henricus�secundus dux" and his wife Maria, and her husband "duci Bavarie", specifying that he "impie et crudeliter" killed her[461].� The Annales Mellicenses in 1256 record that "Lodwicus Reni comes palatinus" had "Mariam uxorem suam, filiam ducis Brabancie" beheaded by her jailers "apud Werdam"[462].� The Continuatio Lambacensis clarifies that she was killed because of her adultery[463].� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses record that Duke Ludwig beheaded his wife "Mariam ducissam Brabancie" in "castro Werde Suevico"[464].� The necrology of Freising Weihenstephan records the death "XV Kal Feb" of "Maria palatine Reni decollate a sponse eius Ludovico palatino Reni"[465].� Betrothed (Bacharach 26 Nov 1256) to --- of Cornwall, daughter of RICHARD Earl of Cornwall & his second wife Sancha de Provence (-after 26 Nov 1256).� "L�comes palatinus Rheni, dux Bawarie" confirmed his betrothal "cum filia fratris�regis Anglie", or in case of impossibility "cum filia sororis eiusdem", by charter dated 25 Nov 1256[466].� This betrothal was arranged to confirm Duke Ludwig's agreement to support the candidature of Richard Earl of Cornwall as king of Germany, her dowry being 12,000 marks[467].� Duke Ludwig�s support for Earl Richard is confirmed in a charter dated 26 Nov 1256[468].� It is assumed that this daughter, concerning whom no other record has yet been found, was born from her father�s second marriage, as daughters from his first marriage would probably have been considered to old for betrothal at that date.� m secondly (24 Aug 1260) ANNA von Glogau, daughter of KONRAD I Duke of Glogau [Piast] & his first wife Salomea of Poland [Piast] ([1250/52]-25 Jun 1271, bur F�rstenfeld).� The Altahenses Annales record the marriage in 1260 of "Ludwicus palatinus Rehni dux Bawarie" and "Annam filiam Chunradi ducis Polonie"[469].� The Not� Diessenses record the death "1271 VI Kal Iul" of "Anna ducissa Bawarie"[470].� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses record that the mother of Duke Ludwig died "1271 V Kal Iun" and was buried at F�rstenfeld[471].� m thirdly (Aachen 24 Oct 1273) MECHTILD von Habsburg, daughter of RUDOLF I King of Germany Graf von Habsburg & his first wife Gertrud [Anna] von Hohenberg [Zollern] (Rheinfelden [1253]- Munich 22 or 23 Dec 1304, bur F�rstenfeld Cistercian Convent).� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses name "rex Rudolfus filiam suam�Mechthildam" as third wife of Duke Ludwig[472].� This third marriage was arranged to secure Duke Ludwig�s support for her father�s election as King of Germany, with a dowry of 10,000 marks.� The Hermanni Altahenses Annales record that "1302�in vigilia Iohannis baptiste Rudolfus" captured "Mechtildem matrem suam, relictam Ludwici ducis�et Conradum de Oteling" at "castro Schilperg" and took them to Munich where Konrad von Oteling was beheaded "in die sancte Margarete�propter quondam infamiam"[473].� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses record the death "1304 10 Kal Ian" of "Mechthildis mater Rudolfi et Ludovici" and her burial at F�rstenfeld[474].� The Not� Diessenses record the death "1305 11 Kal Ian" of "Methildis ducissa Bawaie"[475].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XII Kal Jan" of "domina Mehtildis uxor Ludwici ducis Bawarie"[476].� Duke Ludwig II & his second wife had three children:

a) MARIA von Bayern (1261-, bur Marienberg near Boppard).� The primary source which confirms her existence has not so far been identified.� Meisterin at Marienberg near Boppard.

b) AGNES von Bayern (-21 Oct 1269, bur F�rstenfeld).� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses name "Agnetem et Ludovicum" as children of Duke Ludwig & his second wife[477].� The necrology of F�rstenfeld records the death "XII Kal Nov" of "Agnes filia fundatoris nostri, tunc collata est ecclesia in Pfeffing"[478].�

c) LUDWIG von Bayern (13 Sep 1267-at a tournament at N�rnberg 23 Nov 1290, bur F�rstenfeld).� The Altahenses Annales record the birth "1267 Id Sep" of "Ludwico duci filius�Ludwicus"[479].� He was killed in a tournament.� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses record that Duke Ludwig was killed "apud civitatem Nurenberg in hastiludio per Kraftonen de Hohenloch" and buried at F�rstenfeld next to his mother[480].� The necrology of F�rstenfeld records the death "IX Kal Dec" of "Ludwicus filius fundatoris nostri"[481].� m (contract Fraulautern 27 Nov 1287, Mainz 7 Jan 1288) as her first husband, ISABELLE de Lorraine, daughter of FERRY III Duke of Lorraine & his wife Marguerite de Champagne Infanta de Navarra (1272-11 May 1335, bur Vaud�mont).� The marriage contract between "domino Lodwico�comite palatino Reni duce Bawarie�Lodwico filio suo primogenito" and "Fridericus�dux Lotringie et marchio�Elyzabet filiam" is dated 27 Nov 1287[482].� The primary source which confirm her second marriage has not so far been identified.� She married secondly (Feb 1306) Henri [III] Comte de Vaud�mont.�

�� Duke Ludwig II & his third wife had five children:

d) RUDOLF von Bayern ([4] Oct 1274-[11/13] Aug 1319).� The Annales Basilienses record that "filia regis Rudolfi, ducissa Bavarie" gave birth to a son "circa IV Non Oct" in 1274[483].� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses name "Rudolfum�primogenitus�et Ludovicum ducem iuniorem" as sons of Duke Ludwig & his third wife[484].� The Ratisponensis Annales name "primogenitus Rudolfus" as one of the two sons of "Ludwicus comes palatinus Reni dux Bawarie"[485].� He succeeded his father in 1294 as RUDOLF I Duke of Bavaria and Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, with the Electorship.� He associated his brother with the Government 1300 or 1304, and partitioned his Bavarian territories with him 1310, becoming Duke of Upper Bavaria.� In 1313, Rudolf I became sole Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, with the Electorship.� However, his brother deprived him of this in 1314 and forced him to abdicate in his favour 1317.� The necrology of F�rstenfeld records the death "Id Aug" of "Rudolfus dux filius fundatoris nostri"[486].�

-�� PALATINATE of the RHINE.�

e) MECHTILD von Bayern (end-1275-L�neburg 28 Mar 1319, bur L�neburg St Michaelis).� A charter dated 28 Feb 1287 records the agreement between "domino Lodwico comiti palatino Reni et duci Bawarie" and "Otto�dux de Braunswich et Luneburch" regarding the marriage of the latter with "una filiarum" of the former[487].� The Papal legate issued a dispensation for the marriage of "Ottoni duci de Loeunenburch" and "M�chtildi nate�Lodowici comitis palatini Reni et Bawarie ducis", despite their 4^o consanguinity, dated 29 Mar 1287[488].� The marriage contract between "dominus Lodwicus�comes palatinus Reni, dux Bawarie�M�hthildem filiam suam antiquiorem" and "Otto Brunswicensis et Lunenburgensis dux" is dated 19 Apr 1287[489].� The citizens of L�neburg swore allegiance to �Otto dux de Bruneswik et Luneborch...domine nostre Meichtildi collaterali sue filie...Lodewici...comitis Palatini Reni ducis Bawarie� by charter dated 7 Aug 1288[490].� m (Papal dispensation 4^o W�rzburg 29 Mar 1287, [24 Apr/7 Aug] 1288) as his second wife, OTTO II "der Strenge" Herzog von Braunschweig-L�neburg, son of JOHANN I Herzog von Braunschweig-L�neburg & his wife Liutgard von Holstein (-9/10 Apr 1330, bur L�neburg).

f) AGNES von Bayern ([1276/78]-22 Jul 1345).� Her origin is confirmed by the charter dated 21 Aug 1323 under which "Ludowicus�Romanorum Rex" granted rights to "Sophie�sororis nostre Agnetis, relicte quondam Henrici Marchionis Brandenburgensis, filie"[491].� Burchard Archbishop of Magdeburg agreed an alliance with �Agn der Margreuinen von Brandenborch unde tu Landesberch�, with the consent of �hertoghen Hinrike von Brunswik erem swaghere�, by charter dated 16 Apr 1318[492].� m firstly (Donauw�rth 15 Jan 1290) HEINRICH Landgraf von Hessen, son of HEINRICH I "das Kind" Landgraf Herr von Hessen & his first wife Adelheid von Braunschweig (-23 Aug 1298, bur Marburg).� m secondly ([Nov 1298/19 May 1303], Papal dispensation Anagni 19 May 1303) HEINRICH I "Ohneland" Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of JOHANN I Markgraf von Brandenburg [Askanier] & his second wife Jutta von Sachsen [Askanier] (1260-14 Feb 1318).

g) ANNA von Bayern .� The primary source which confirms her existence has not so far been identified.� Nun at Ulm.�

h) LUDWIG von Bayern ([Feb/Mar] 1282-Puch bei F�rstenfeldbruck 11 Oct 1347, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses name "Rudolfum�primogenitus�et Ludovicum ducem iuniorem" as sons of Duke Ludwig & his third wife[493].� His brother associated him with the Government 1300 or 1304 as LUDWIG IV "der Bayer" joint Duke of Upper Bavaria and joint Pfalzgraf bei Rhein (the single electoral vote being held jointly), and partitioned his Bavarian territories with him 1310.� In 1313, Ludwig became sole Duke of Bavaria.� Elected LUDWIG King of Germany at Frankfurt-am-Main 20 Oct 1314, crowned at Aachen 25 Nov 1314.� He deprived his brother Rudolf I of the Palatinate 1314, and forced him to abdicate in his favour 1317 from which time Ludwig governed all the territories alone.� Crowned King of Italy at Milan 31 May 1327.� Crowned Emperor LUDWIG at Rome 17 Jan 1328.�

-�� see below, Part C.� DUKES OF BAVARIA.�

3. HEINRICH von Bayern (Landshut 19 Nov 1235-Burghausen 3 Feb 1290, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� "Otto�Comes Palatini Reni Dux Bawarie" exchanged property with the abbot of Niederaltaich, naming "Ludovico filio nostro�et Heinrico fratre suo et sororibus suis Elysabet, Sophya et Agnete", by charter dated 17 Oct 1244[494].� The Altahenses Annales record the birth "1235 XIII Kal Dec" of "Agnes ducissa Bawarie filium�Heinricus"[495].� He succeeded his father in 1253 as HEINRICH I joint Duke of Bavaria, jointly with his brother Ludwig II.� After joint rule became unworkable, he and his brother agreed a division of the family's territories in 1255, under which Heinrich became Duke of Lower Bavaria (Niederbayern).�

-�� see below, Part B.� DUKES of LOWER BAVARIA.�

4. SOPHIE von Bayern (Landshut end-1236-Schlo� Hirschberg 8/9 Aug 1289, bur Eichst�tt Dominican Kloster).� "Otto�Comes Palatini Reni Dux Bawarie" exchanged property with the abbot of Niederaltaich, naming "Ludovico filio nostro�et Heinrico fratre suo et sororibus suis Elysabet, Sophya et Agnete", by charter dated 17 Oct 1244[496].� The Altahenses Annales record the marriage in 1258 of "Gebhardus comes de Hirzperch" and "Sophiam ducem [Bawarie] sororem"[497].� The Gesta Episcoporum Eichstetensium names "comes Gebhardus�in Hirzperch filius sororis�Ludowici et Heinrici fratrem ducum Bavarie"[498].� The necrology of Oberaltaich records the death "V Id Aug" of "Sophia com^a de Hirzperch"[499].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "V Id Aug" of "Sophia de Hirzberch"[500].� m (1258) as his second wife, GEBHARD IV Graf von Hirschberg, son of GEBHARD [II] Graf von Hirschberg & his [second] wife Agnes [von Truhendigen] (-Schlo� Hirschberg 27 Feb 1275, bur Eichst�tt Dominican Kloster).�

5. AGNES von Bayern (-Munich 7 Dec [1306], bur Kloster Seligenthal).� "Otto�Comes Palatini Reni Dux Bawarie" exchanged property with the abbot of Niederaltaich, naming "Ludovico filio nostro�et Heinrico fratre suo et sororibus suis Elysabet, Sophya et Agnete", by charter dated 17 Oct 1244[501].�

B.�� DUKES of LOWER BAVARIA 1180-1340

HEINRICH von Bayern, son of OTTO II "dem Erlauchten" Duke of Bavaria & his wife Agnes von Braunschweig (Landshut 19 Nov 1235-Burghausen 3 Feb 1290, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� "Otto�Comes Palatini Reni Dux Bawarie" exchanged property with the abbot of Niederaltaich, naming "Ludovico filio nostro�et Heinrico fratre suo et sororibus suis Elysabet, Sophya et Agnete", by charter dated 17 Oct 1244[502].� The Altahenses Annales record the birth "1235 XIII Kal Dec" of "Agnes ducissa Bawarie filium�Heinricus"[503].� He succeeded his father in 1253 as HEINRICH I joint Duke of Bavaria, jointly with his brother Ludwig II.� After joint rule became unworkable, he and his brother agreed a division of the family's territories in 1255, under which Heinrich became Duke of Lower Bavaria (Niederbayern).� "Henricus�dux Bawarie" confirmed the agreement which settled the disputes with his brother by charter dated 5 Sep 1255[504].� He claimed the title Pfalzgraf bei Rhein in Dec 1256, and in 1271 requested Pope Gregory X to confirm his right to an electoral vote.� While there is no evidence about the response he received, Duke Heinrich did act as the seventh elector in the election of Rudolf von Habsburg as King of Germany in 1273, although his brother Duke Ludwig II registered his non-recognition of his brother's right 29 May 1276[505].� He founded the Cistercian Order near Passau 1276.� The Not� Altahenses record the death "1290 III Non Feb" of "Heinricus dux Bawarie"[506].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "III Non Feb" of "Heinricus dux Bauarie sen"[507].� The necrology of Weltenburg records the death "III Non Feb" of "Heinricus dux Babarie"[508].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "II Non Feb 1290" of "dominus Heinricus dux Bawarie et com pal Reni ligt bei uns begraben"[509].�

m (1250) ERSZ�BET of Hungary, daughter of B�LA IV King of Hungary & his wife Maria Laskarina of Nikaia (1236-24 Oct 1271, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Altahenses Annales record the marriage of "Heinricus filius O. ducis Bavarie" and "Elisabeth filia Bele regis Ungarie"[510].� The Altahenses Annales record the death "1271 IX Kal Nov" of "Elizabeth ducissa Bawarie"[511].� The necrology of Tegernsee records the death "IX Kal Nov" of "Elysabeth ducissa Bawarie filia regis Ungarie"[512].� The necrology of Windberg records the death "IX Kal Nov 1271" of "Elysabet ducissa Bawarie"[513].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "IX Kal Nov 1271" of "domina Elizabet filia regis Ungarie ducissa Bawarie"[514].�

Duke Heinrich & his wife had ten children:�

1. AGNES von Niederbayern (17 Jul 1255-[10 May] 1260, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� Agnes is named in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[515], together with her dates, but the primary source which confirms this information has not yet been identified.� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "VI Id Mai" of "Agnes palatina Reni"[516], but it is not clear that this entry links to the daughter of Heinrich I Duke of Lower Bavaria.�

2. AGNES von Niederbayern (Landshut 29 Oct 1256-[16 Nov] 1260, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� Agnes is named in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[517], together with her dates, but the primary source which confirms this information has not yet been identified.� [The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVI Kal Dec" of "Agnes coma palatina Reni, ducissa Bawarie"[518], but this entry links to Agnes, wife of Otto II Duke of Bavaria.]�

3. ELISABETH von Niederbayern ([12] Mar 1258-Kloster Seligenthal 8 or 10 Aug 1314, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Altahenses Annales record the birth "1258 in secundo vespera sancti Gregorii" of "Elysabeth ducissa Bavare filiam�Elyzabeth"[519].� The Altahenses Annales record that "Elisabeth virgo, filia Heinrici ducis Bawaria, 13 annum" became a nun "in monasterio Landshut" in 1270[520].� Nun at Kloster Seligenthal.� �Herzog Stephan zu Baiern� sold �den Hof zu Mangorn� to Kloster Seligenthal, at the request of �seiner Schwester Elspet und Agnes�, by charter dated 6 Dec 1307[521].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "VI Id Aug 1314" of "domina Elizabet, domini Heinrici ducis Bawarie filia, monialis et professa huius domus, ligt bei uns begraben"[522].� The necrology of Aldersbach records the death "IV Id Aug" of "Elizabeth� primogenit� fili� Henrici ducis Bavari� sanctimonialis in Landshuta"[523].�

4. AGNES von Niederbayern ([Jan 1254]-Kloster Seligenthal 29 Oct or 1 Nov 1315, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� �Herzog Stephan zu Baiern� sold �den Hof zu Mangorn� to Kloster Seligenthal, at the request of �seiner Schwester Elspet und Agnes�, by charter dated 6 Dec 1307[524].� Europ�ische Stammtafeln shows Agnes as oldest child of Duke Heinrich, born �Jan 1254�[525].� The primary source which confirms her date of birth has not been identified, but the order of the names in the charter dated 6 Dec 1307 suggests that Agnes was younger than her sister Elisabeth, unless Elisabeth was accorded precedence due to seniority in their relative positions in Kloster Seligenthal.� It would also make sense that the surviving child named Agnes was the last of Duke Heinrich�s children to be given this name.� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "IV Kal Nov 1315" of "domina Agnetis, soror dominorum Ott, Steph, Elizabeth"[526].� The necrology of Aldersbach records the death "Kal Nov" of "Agnetis german� ducum Bavarie Othonis et Stephani"[527].�

5. OTTO von Niederbayern (11 Feb 1261-Landshut 9 Sep 1312, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Altahenses Annales record the birth "1261 in proxima nocte post sancta Scolastice virginis" of "domina Elysabeth ducissa Bauwarie filium�Ottonem"[528].� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names (in order) "Ottonem, Stephanum, Ludwicum" as the three sons of "Henricus dux"[529].� He succeeded his father in 1290 as OTTO III joint Duke of Lower Bavaria.� He emerged as a rival candidate for the throne of Hungary, supported by the Hungarian nobility after the departure of Wenzel of Bohemia, and was elected at Sz�kesfeh�rv�r 6 Dec 1305 as B�LA V King of Hungary.� He was captured in 1308 by supporters of Charles Robert and released only when he agreed to abandon his claim[530].� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death in 1312 of "Otto dux Bavarie�filium Henricum"[531].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "V Id Sep" of "Otto rex Ungarie et dux Bauarie"[532].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "V Id Sep 1313" of "dominus Otto rex Ungarie et dux Bawarie"[533].� m firstly (Vienna Jan 1279) KATHARINA von Habsburg, daughter of RUDOLF I King of Germany Graf von Habsburg & his first wife Gertrud [Anna] von Hohenberg [Zollern] (1256-Landshut 4 Apr 1282, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Chronicon Colmariense records the betrothal in 1276 of a daughter of King Rudolf I to "filius ducis Bavari�" but does not name either of them[534].� The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.� Her marriage was arranged after her future father-in-law swore allegiance to her father in 1276, with a dowry of 40,000 marks.� The support of Lower Bavaria was decisive in Rudolf I�s struggle with Otakar Přemysl II King of Bohemia over Austria.� The alliance broke down shortly after the marriage took place, the dowry being underpaid by 3,000 marks[535].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "II Non Apr" of "Katharina filia regis Romanorum"[536].� m secondly (Straubing 18 May 1309) as her first husband, AGNES von Glogau, daughter of HEINRICH I Duke of Glogau [Piast] & his wife Mechtild von Braunschweig-L�neburg ([1293/96]-25 Dec 1361 bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Chronicon Osterhoviense records the marriage in 1308 of "dominus Otto rex Ungarie" and "filiam ducis Glowie�Elyzabet", although a later passage names her "Agnete�ducissa Gloavie"[537].� She married secondly (1319) Alram Graf von Hals.� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "VIII Kal Jan 1361" of "domina Agnes regina Ungarie et ducissa Bawarie"[538].� Duke Otto & his first wife had two children:

a) HEINRICH von Niederbayern (b and d Vienna 1280, bur Heiligenkreuz).� The Continuatio Weichardi de Polhaim records the successive births in 1280 in Vienna of two sons to "Ottonem, filium Heinrici ducis Bavarie" and his wife "Katherina, filia regis Romanorum", and their death, but does not name them[539].�

b) RUDOLF von Niederbayern (b and d Vienna 1280, bur Heiligenkreuz).� The primary source which confirms his existence has not so far been identified.�

�� Duke Otto & his second wife had one child:

c) HEINRICH von Niederbayern (Schlo� Natternberg 28 Aug 1312-Schlo� Natternberg 18 Jun 1333, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Chronicon Osterhoviense names "Heinricum" as son of "dominus Otto rex Ungarie dux Bawarie" and his wife "filiam ducis Glowie�Elyzabet"[540].� He succeeded his father in 1312 as HEINRICH III "der Natternberger" Duke of Lower Bavaria.� He divided Lower Bavaria with his first cousins Dukes Heinrich II and Otto IV 1331, and became Duke of Lower Bavaria in Deggendorf.� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death in 1334 of "Henricus dux Bawarie filius Ottonis regis Ungarie et ducis Bawarie" without heirs and his burial at Landshut[541].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XIV Kal Jul 1333" of "dominus Hainricus dux iunior Bawarie"[542].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "XIV Kal Jul" of "Heinricus dux Bauarie fil Ottonis regis Ungarorum"[543].� m ([4 Jul 1326/21 Sep 1328]) as her first husband, ANNA of Austria, daughter of FRIEDRICH I "dem Sch�nen" Duke of Austria & his wife Infanta do�a Isabel de Arag�n (1318-Vienna 14 Dec 1343, bur Vienna St Klara).� The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not so far been identified.� She married secondly (29 Sep 1336) Johann Heinrich Graf von G�rz.� The Necrologium Austriacum records the death "1343 XIX Kal Ian" of "Anna filia Friderici regis Romanorum com^a de Goertz", specifying that she entered "ordinem S Clare in Wienna" after the death of her husband, and her burial there[544].� She became a nun in 1340 at the Convent of St Klara in Vienna, later Abbess.�

6. HEINRICH von Niederbayern (1262-16 Sep 1280, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Altahenses Annales record the birth "1262 in vigilia St Mathye" of "domina Elysabeth ducissa Bawarie filium�Heinricus"[545].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "XVI Kal Oct" of "Heinricus iun dux Bauarie"[546].� The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "XVII Kal Oct" of "Hainricus fil Hainrici ducis Bavarie"[547].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVI Kal Sep" of "Heinricus filius ducis Bawarie"[548].�

7. SOPHIE von Niederbayern ([1264]-4 Feb 1282, bur Kloster Vessra).� The Not� Altahenses record the marriages "1277 VI Id Nov" of "filias Heinrici ducis Bavari� Caterinam et Sophiam" with "Fridericus marchio de Lantsperch et Boppo filius comitis de Henneberch"[549].� The necrology of Aldersbach records the death "IX Kal Mai" of "Sophi� com^a de Heneberg, fili� Heinrici ducis Bavari�"[550].� m (Landshut 8 Nov 1277) POPPO [VIII] Graf von Henneberg, son of HERMANN [I] Graf von Henneberg & his wife Margareta of Holland (-4 Feb 1291, bur Kloster Vessra).�

8. KATHARINA von Niederbayern (9 Jun 1267-Seilgenthal 9 Jan [1310], bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Altahenses Annales record the birth "1267 V Id Iun" of "Elisabet ducissa Bawarie�filiam�Katerina"[551].� The Not� Altahenses record the marriages "1277 VI Id Nov" of "filias Heinrici ducis Bavari� Caterinam et Sophiam" with "Fridericus marchio de Lantsperch et Boppo filius comitis de Henneberch"[552].� "Katherina�quondam Friderici Misnens. orient et de Landsperg Marchionis relicta" issued a charter relating to her paternal inheritance dated 1303, which names "Ottoni et Stephano Com. Palat. Reni et Ducibus Bawarie fratribus nostris", refers to a projected marriage between "Domini Ducis�filium et Elisabeth filiam nostrum"[553].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "V Id Jan" of "Katherina marchgraevinne von Meichsen, herzog Heinrichstochter von Beiren"[554].� m (8 Nov 1277) FRIEDRICH "Tuta" Markgraf von Meissen in Landsberg, son of DIETRICH "der Weise" von Meissen im Osterland, Landsberg und Groitzsch & his wife Helene von Brandenburg (-killed Hirschstein 16 Aug 1291, bur Weissenfels St Klara).� No surviving issue.�

9. LUDWIG von Niederbayern (9 Feb 1269-Landshut 13 May 1296, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names (in order) "Ottonem, Stephanum, Ludwicum" as the three sons of "Henricus dux"[555].� He succeeded his father in 1290 as LUDWIG III joint Duke of Lower Bavaria.� The Hermanni Altahenses Annales record the death "in Landshut 1296 in festo Penthecostes" of "Hainricus dux frater Ottonis et Stephani" and his burial in Landshut[556], the name "Hainricus" presumably being an error for "Ludwicus".� The necrology of Aldersbach records the death "XVII Kal Jun" of "Ludovici ducis Bavari� filii Heinrici ducis"[557].�

10. STEFAN von Niederbayern (14 Mar 1271-Landshut 21/22 Dec 1310, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Altahenses Annales record the birth "1271 II Id Mar" of "Elizabeth ducissa Bawarie filium�Stephanus"[558].� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names (in order) "Ottonem, Stephanum, Ludwicum" as the three sons of "Henricus dux"[559].� He succeeded his father in 1290 as STEFAN I "der �ltere" joint Duke of Lower Bavaria.� Bishop-elect of Salzburg 1290.� Canon at Passau Cathedral 1290-1292. ��Herzog Stephan zu Baiern� sold �den Hof zu Mangorn� to Kloster Seligenthal, at the request of �seiner Schwester Elspet und Agnes�, by charter dated 6 Dec 1307[560].� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "XI Kal Jan" of "Stephanus dux Bauarie"[561].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "XII Kal Jan" of "Stephanus dux Bauarie"[562].� The Liber Anniversariorum of Moosburg records the death "XII Kal Jan" of "Stephanus dux Bavarie"[563].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XII Kal Jan 1310" of "dominus Stephanus dux Bawarie"[564].� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death in 1309 of "Stephanus dux Bavarie"[565].� He died of plague.� m (1299) JUTTA von Schweidnitz, daughter of BOLKO I Duke of Jauer und Schweidnitz [Piast] & his wife Beatrix von Brandenburg ([1285/87]-Landshut 14/15 Sep 1320, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Hermanni Altahenses Annales record the marriage in 1297 of "Stephanus dux Bavarie frater Ottonis ducis" and "filiam Pulkonis de Polan"[566].� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "XVIII Kal Oct 1319" of "Geuta ducissa Bauarie"[567].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVII Kal Oct 1320" of "domina Iutta, domini Polk ducis Polonie filia, ducissa Bawarie"[568].� Duke Stefan & his wife had eight children:�

a) AGNES von Niederbayern (1301-Seligenthal 7 Dec 1316, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� Nun at Seligenthal.� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "VII Id Dec" of "domina Agnes soror illustris ducis Hainrici Bawarie"[569].�

b) BEATRIX von Niederbayern (1302-Landshut 29 Apr 1360, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� Regent of G�rz 1323-1326 and 1335-1338.� Regent of Treviso 1338.� Her marriage is deduced from the necrology of Seligenthal which records the death "XVI Kal Apr" of "dominus Iohannes com de G�rtze, filius domine Beatricis nobilis ducisse Bawarie"[570].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "II Kal Mai 1340" of "domina Beatrix ducissa Bavarie et com^a de Goerzen"[571], although the year appears incorrect.� m ([1322]) HEINRICH III Graf von G�rz, son of ALBRECHT II Graf von G�rz & his second wife Euphemia von Ortenburg (-G�rz 24 Apr 1323).

c) FRIEDRICH von Niederbayern .� The primary source which confirms his existence has not so far been identified.�

d) JUDITH von Niederbayern .� The primary source which confirms her existence has not so far been identified.�

e) HEINRICH von Niederbayern (29 Sep 1305-Landshut 1/2 Sep 1339, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names "Henricum et Ottonem" as the two sons of "Stephanus dux Bavarie"[572].� He succeeded his father in 1310 as HEINRICH II joint Duke of Lower Bavaria.� He divided Lower Bavaria with his cousin Duke Heinrich III and his brother Duke Otto IV 1331, becoming Duke of Lower Bavaria in Landshut.� The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records that "dux H. de Bawarie" suffered from leprosy[573].� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death in 1339 of "Henricus dux Bawarie frater Ottonis" at Landshut and his burial there[574].� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "IV Non Sep 1339" of "Hainricus dux Bauarie Sabarie maritus d^a Margarete ducisse"[575].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "IV Non Sep 1339" of "Heinricus dux Bawarie com palatinus Reni"[576].� The necrology of Aldersbach records the death "Kal Sep 1339" of "Heinrici ducis terr� Bavari� filii Stephani ducis aged 38"[577].� m (Betrothed 1322, Straubing 12 Aug 1328) MARGARETA of Bohemia, daughter of JAN King of Bohemia [Luxembourg] & his first wife Elisabeth [Eliska] of Bohemia [Přemyslid] (8 Jul 1313-Prague 11 Jul 1341, bur K�nigsaal).� The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the betrothal in 1322 of "Iohannes Rex�Margaretham maiorem filiam suam" and "Henrico duci Bauari�"[578].� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "V Id Jul 1341" of "Margareta ducissa Bauarie ux dⁱ Hainrici ducis"[579].� The necrology of Windberg records the death "V Id Jul 1340" of "Margareta ducissa Bawarie"[580].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "V Id Jul 1341" of "domina Margareta ducissa Bawarie, dominus Iohannis regis Bohemie filia"[581].� Duke Heinrich II & his wife had two children:�

i) JOHANN von Niederbayern (29 Nov 1329-Landshut 19/20 Dec 1340, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names "Henricus dux Bawarie frater Ottonis�filium Iohannem"[582].� He succeeded his father in 1339 as JOHANN I "das Kind" Duke of Lower Bavaria in Landshut.� The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records that "puero illius Iohanne" was ten years old when "Henricum Ducem Bavari�" died, but that he died poisoned[583].� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "XIV Kal Jan" of "Iohannes fil dⁱ Hainrici ultimus dux inferioris Babarie"[584].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XIII Kal Jan 1340" of "dominus Iohannes ultimus h�res et dux Bawarie"[585].� m (Munich 18 Apr 1339) [MARGARETA von Bayern], daughter of Emperor LUDWIG IV King of Germany, Duke of Bavaria Pfalzgraf bei Rhein & his second wife Marguerite de Hainaut [Avesnes] Ctss de Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland (1325-1374).� The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records the marriage "XIV Kal Maii in Monacho" of "dux H. de Bawarie�filio suo" and "filiam predicti Ludewici" [which refers to Emperor Ludwig IV Duke of Bavaria], dated to 1339 from the context, adding in a later passage that it was not possible to obtain the Papal dispensation for the marriage[586].� The name of the daughter in question is not specified, but Margareta was the emperor�s oldest unmarried daughter at the time.�

ii) HEINRICH von Niederbayern� (end-1330-bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The primary source which confirms his existence has not so far been identified.�

Duke Heinrich II had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

iii) EBERHARD .� 28 Jan 1338.� The primary source which confirms his existence has not so far been identified.�

f) ELISABETH von Niederbayern (1306-Vienna 25 Mar 1330, bur Neuberg Cistercian Kloster).� The necrology of K�nigsfelden records the death "II Kal May 1331" of "domina Elizabet ducissa Austrie relicta quondam ducis Ottonis"[587], implying, it appears incorrectly, that her husband predeceased her.� The Necrologium Austriacum records the death "1330 in die annunciacionis S Marie virginis" of "Elyzabeth ducissa Austrie conthuralis Ottonis ducis Austrie et filia Stephani ducis Babarie" and her burial "in Novo Monte"[588].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "VIII Kal Apr" of "domina Elizabeth iunior, inclita ducissa Bawarie et Austrie"[589], although the reason for her being called "iunior" in this entry is not clear.� m (Straubing 15 May 1325) as his first wife, OTTO von Habsburg, son of ALBRECHT I Duke of Austria, King of Germany & his wife Elisabeth von G�rz-Tirol (Vienna 23 Jul 1301-Vienna 26 Feb 1339, bur Vienna Augustinerkirche, transferred to Neuberg im M�rztal, Cistercian Monastery).� He succeeded in 1330 as OTTO Duke of Austria and Steiermark.� Duke of Carinthia 1335.

g) OTTO von Niederbayern (3 Jan 1307-Munich 14 Dec 1334, bur Seligenthal).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names "Henricum et Ottonem" as the two sons of "Stephanus dux Bavarie"[590].� He succeeded his father in 1310 as OTTO IV joint Duke of Lower Bavaria.� He divided Lower Bavaria with his cousin Duke Heinrich III and his brother Duke Heinrich II 1331, becoming Duke of Lower Bavaria in Burghausen.� He succeeded his cousin Duke Heinrich III in 1333 in Deggendorf.� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "XIX Kal Jan" of "Otto dux Bauarie"[591].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XIX Kal Jan 1335" of "dominus Otto dux Bawarie"[592].� m (before 3 Mar 1324) RICHARDIS von J�lich, daughter of GERHARD [V] Graf von J�lich & his wife Elisabeth de Brabant (1314-7 Mar 1360, bur Seligenthal).� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "Non Mar 1360" of "nobilis domina Richardis ducissa Bawarie comitissa palatina Reni"[593].� Duke Otto IV & his wife had one child:�

i) ALBRECHT von Niederbayern ([1332]-young).� The primary source which confirms his existence has not so far been identified.�

h) LUDWIG von Niederbayern .� The primary source which confirms his existence has not so far been identified.�

C.�� DUKES of UPPER BAVARIA 1304-1340, DUKES of BAVARIA

LUDWIG von Bayern, son of LUDWIG II "der Strenge" joint Duke of Bavaria & his third wife Mechtild von Habsburg ([Feb/Mar] 1282-Puch bei F�rstenfeldbruck 11 Oct 1347, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses name "Rudolfum�primogenitus�et Ludovicum ducem iuniorem" as sons of Duke Ludwig & his third wife[594].� His brother associated him with the government in 1300 or 1304 as LUDWIG IV joint Duke of Upper Bavaria and joint Pfalzgraf bei Rhein (the single electoral vote being held jointly), and partitioned his Bavarian territories with him in 1310.� In 1313, Ludwig became sole Duke of Bavaria.� Elected LUDWIG "der Bayer" King of Germany at Frankfurt-am-Main 20 Oct 1314, crowned at Aachen 25 Nov 1314.� The nickname is a survival of the term of address "Ludovicus Bavarus" used by Pope John XXII to indicate his non-recognition of Ludwig's election as king of Germany[595].� He deprived his brother Rudolf I of the Palatinate in 1314, and forced him to abdicate in his favour in 1317 from which time Ludwig governed all the territories alone.� After several years of war with his rival in Germany, Lud wig defeated and captured Friedrich of Austria at M�hldorf, near the River Inn, in 1322.� Ludwig was actively opposed by Pope John XXII who accused him of assuming the German throne without papal confirmation, excommunicated him and placed the whole of Germany under an interdict in 1324[596].� In 1325, he finally recognised Friedrich as joint-king.� He was crowned King of Italy at Milan 31 May 1327, despite further moves against him by the Pope in Avignon, and was received enthusiastically by the people in Rome where he was crowned Emperor LUDWIG IV on 17 Jan 1328.� He called himself Ludwig IV as Emperor, although he was in fact the fifth Emperor Ludwig.� Pope John XXII declared the coronation void and excommunicated him again, while Ludwig declared the Pope deposed and installed the Spiritual Franciscan Nicholas V as anti-Pope[597].� In 1329, he agreed the Convention of Pavia with his nephews Rudolf II and Ruprecht I under which the latter jointly received the Palatinate while Ludwig IV continued as sole ruler of Upper Bavaria.� Ludwig's anti-papal position received support in Germany from 1338, when the electors declared in his favour at Obstgaten near Rhens on 16 Jun 1338, issuing a treaty for the preservation of imperial and electoral prerogatives[598].� In 1338, Ludwig recognised the claim of Edward III King of England to the French throne and prepared for war with France, though eventually adopted a position of neutrality in the dispute[599].� He succeeded his relative Johann �das Kind� in 1340 as Duke of Lower Bavaria, thus joining all the Bavarian territories once more.� Ludwig alienated his ecclesiastical supporters in 1342 when he arranged the divorce of Margareta "Maultasch" Gr�fin von Tirol from her first husband and her remarriage to his son Ludwig.� He was declared deposed 11 Jul 1346, and Charles de Luxembourg was chosen as his successor.� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death in 1347 of "Ludwicus imperator"[600].� The necrology of F�rstenfeld records the death "II Non Oct" of "Ludovici marchionis, Superoris Bavari� ducis"[601].� The necrology of Diessen records the death "V Id Oct 1347" of "Ludwicus imperator Romanorum filius ducis Ludwici Bawarie, fundator in Etal"[602].� He died during a bear hunt when he had a stroke and fell from his horse[603].�

m firstly ([14 Oct 1308/1311]) BEATRIX von Schweidnitz, daughter of BOLKO I Duke of Jauer und Schweidnitz [Piast] & his wife Beatrix von Brandenburg ([1290]-Munich 24 Aug 1322, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� The Not� Fuerstenfeldenses record the marriage of "ducis Polonie filia Beatrice" and Duke Ludwig[604].�

m secondly (K�ln 25 Feb 1324) MARGUERITE de Hainaut, daughter of GUILLAUME III "le Bon" Comte de Hainaut [WILLEM III Count of Holland] & his wife Jeanne de Valois (24 Jun-Le Quesnoy 23 Jun 1356, bur Valenciennes).� The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records that "dominus Ludewicus et rex Anglie et marchio Iuliacensis" had married "tres�sorores�fillies comitis Hannonie sive Hollandie"[605].� The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the marriage in 1324 of "Rex Ludwicus" and "filiam Comitis Holandi�"[606].� The Oude Kronik van Brabant records the marriage "apud Aquisgranum" of "Wilhelmus comes Hollandie�Margaretam filiam suam" and "Ludovico duci Bavarie, imperatori Romanorum"[607].� She succeeded her brother in 1345 as MARGUERITE II Ctss de Hainaut, MARGARETA Ctss of Holland and Zeeland.� She abdicated 7 Dec 1354.�

Emperor/Duke Ludwig & his first wife had five children:

1. MECHTILD (after 21 Jun 1313-Meissen 2 Jul 1346, bur Kl Altzelle).� The Cronica S. Petri Erfordensis Moderna records in 1328 the marriage of �marchio Fridericus iunior...in Norenberc cum filia regis Romanorum Mechtilda�[608].� The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis records the marriage in 1328 in N�rnberg of "marchio Fredericus iunior" and "filis regis Romanorum Mechtildis"[609].� The Oschatzer bez. Seusslitzer Fortsetzung der Tabula in Capella Principum records the death in 1346 of �Domna Mechthildis�[610].� The Annales Veterocellenses record the death "1346�die Processi et Marthinieni" of "Mechtidis marchionissa"[611].� m (N�rnberg 1328) FRIEDRICH von Meissen, son of FRIEDRICH I "der Freidige" Markgraf von Meissen & his second wife Elisabeth von Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk (Gotha 1310-Wartburg 18 Nov 1349, bur Altzelle).� He succeeded his father in 1323 as FRIEDRICH II "der Ernsthafte" Markgraf von Meissen.�

2. LUDWIG (Jul 1316-Zorneding 17/18 Sep 1361, bur Munich).� He was installed in 1324 by his father as LUDWIG Markgraf von Brandenburg: "Ludowicus�Romanorum Rex" granted "Marchia Brandenburgensis ac Archicameratus imperii�cum Ducatibus Stetinensi et Deminensi, terra Stargardensi, comitatu Wernigerode" which lapsed on the death of "quondam Woldemari Marchionis Brandenburgensis" to "Ludouico filio nostro primogenito" by charter dated 24 Jun 1324[612].� Duke of Carinthia and Graf von Tirol 1340.� He succeeded his father in 1347 as LUDWIG V "der Brandenburger" joint Duke of Bavaria.� He and his brothers partitioned their territories 1349, he kept Upper Bavaria.� He abdicated in Brandenburg 1351 in favour of his younger half-brother Ludwig VI.� The necrology of Marienberg at Schuls records the death "XV Kal Oct 1361" of "dominus Ludwicus marchio Brandenburgensis dominus Tyrollis"[613].� The necrology of Diessen records the death "XIV Kal Oct 1361" of "Ludwicus dux Bawarie et marchio Brandeburgo filius Ludwici imperatoris"[614].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XIV Kal Oct 1361" of "Ludwicus markgrafius, dux Bawarie, com palatinus Reni, ist bei uns begraben"[615].� m firstly (contract 13 Jul 1323, Vordingborg Castle Dec 1324) MARGRETE of Denmark, of CHRISTOFFER II King of Denmark & his wife Euphemia of Pomerania-Wolgast ([1305]-Berlin [19 Mar/31 May] 1340, bur Berlin Church of the Franciscan Order).� The Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci) records the betrothal in 1323 of "Ludwicus Rex filio suo prinogenito" and "Cristafori Regis Daci� filiam"[616].� The marriage contract between "Ludouicum, marchionum Brandenburgensem, primogenitum�Ludouici Romanorum Regis" and "Christoforus�Danorum Saluorumque Rex, Dux Estonie�Margaretham filiam nostram" is dated 13 Jul 1323, witnessed by "�filium nostrum dominum Erycum"[617].� The Chronicon Elwacense in 1323 records that "rex Ludwicus marchiam Brandenburgensem filio suo contulit" and his marriage to "filiam regis Daci�"[618].� m secondly (Schlo� Tirol 10 Feb 1342) as her second husband, MARGARETA "Maultasch" von G�rz Gr�fin von Tirol, divorced wife of JOHANN HEINRICH Markgraf of Moravia, daughter of HEINRICH II Duke of Carinthia & his wife Anna of Bohemia [Přemyslid] ([1318]-Vienna 3 Oct 1369, bur Vienna Minoriten zum Heiligen Kreuz).� The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records the divorce in Nov 1341 of "filia ducis Heinrici Carinthie sive comitis Tyrolis" and "Iohanni filio Iohannis regis Bohemie" and her marriage "in die sancte Scholastice" in Feb 1342 to "marchioni Brandenburgensi"[619].� This marriage was agreed by her future father-in-law King Ludwig IV after he arranged her divorce from her first husband[620].� The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records that "Karolus�fratrem suum Iohannem�Comitis Tyrolis" repudiated his wife, after she conspired against him with her illegitimate son Albert, and that she married "Ludwico, filio Bauri, Marchionis Brandeburgensi"[621].� The burials of Minoritenkirche, Vienna records the death in 1369 of "Margareta marchionissa de Tyrolis in Athaso"[622].� Duke Ludwig V & his first wife had one child:

a) MATTHIAS .

Duke Ludwig V & his second wife had two children:

b) HERMANN (1343-after 1360).

c) MEINHARD (Landshut 9 Feb 1344-Schlo� Tirol 13 Jan 1363, bur Meran).� He succeeded his father in 1361 as MEINHARD Duke of Upper Bavaria, and as MEINHARD III Graf von Tirol.� m (Passau 4 Sep 1359) as her first husband, MARGARETA of Austria, widow of MEINHARD Duke in Bavaria in Oberbayern, daughter of ALBRECHT II �der Weise� Duke of Austria & his wife Jeanne de Ferrette (Vienna 1346-Brno 14 Jan 1366, bur Brno Kloster St Thomas).� She married secondly (Vienna Feb 1364) as his third wife, Johann Heinrich of Bohemia Markgraf of Moravia.

3. daughter (end Sep 1314-).�

4. ANNA ([1316]-Kastl 29 Jan 1319, bur Kastl).�

5. STEFAN (Autumn 1319-Landshut 19 May 1375, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names "Stephanus et Albertus" as sons of "Ludwicus imperator"[623].� He succeeded his father in 1347 as STEFAN II "mit der Hafte" joint Duke of Bavaria.�

-�� see below, Part D. DUKES of BAVARIA.

Emperor/Duke Ludwig & his second wife had ten children:�

6. MARGARETA (1325-1374).� The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records the marriage "XIV Kal Maii in Monacho" of "dux H. de Bawarie�filio suo" and "filiam predicti Ludewici" [which refers to Emperor Ludwig IV Duke of Bavaria], dated to 1339 from the context, adding in a later passage that it was not possible to obtain the Papal dispensation for the marriage[624].� The name of the daughter in question is not specified, but Margareta was the emperor�s oldest unmarried daughter at the time.� The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records the marriage in 1350 of "rex Ungarie Karolus�frater suus iunior" and "sororem ducum Bawarie, filiam Ludewici"[625].� [m firstly (Munich 18 Apr 1339) JOHANN von Nieder-Bayern, son of HEINRICH II Duke of Lower Bavaria in Landshut & his wife Margareta of Bohemia (29 Nov 1329-Landshut 19/20 Dec 1340, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� He succeeded his father in 1339 as JOHANN I "das Kind" Duke of Lower Bavaria in Landshut.]� m [secondly] (Buda Jan 1351) ISTV�N of Hungary Duke in Transylvania, son of K�ROLY I King of Hungary [Anjou-Capet] & his third wife Elźbieta of Poland (26 Dec 1332-9 Aug 1354, bur Sz�kesfeh�rv�r).� Duke of Slavonia 1352.� m [thirdly] (before 13 Aug 1358) GERLACH von Hohenlohe in Uffenheim, son of LUDWIG von Hohenlohe & his wife Elisabeth von Nassau-Weilburg (before 1344-after 27 Jan 1392).��

7. ANNA ([1326]-3 Jun 1361, bur Fontenelles).� Nun at Fontenelles near Valenciennes.

8. LUDWIG (Rome 7 May 1328-Berlin 17 May 1365, bur Berlin Church of the Franciscan Order).� He succeeded in 1347 as LUDWIG VI "der R�mer" joint Duke of Bavaria.� He and his brothers partitioned their territories 1349, he kept Upper Bavaria jointly until 1351 when he succeeded on the abdication of his older half-brother Ludwig V as Markgraf von Brandenburg.� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVI Kal Mai" of "Ludwicus iunior dux Bawarie"[626].� m firstly ([Krakow 1 Jan 1345]/[25 Jul 1345]) KUNIGUNDE of Poland, daughter of KAZIMIERZ III "the Great" King of Poland & his first wife Anna [Aldona] of Lithuania (before 16 May 1335-Berlin 26 Apr 1357, bur Berlin Church of the Franciscan Order).� The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records that "comes Hannonie et Hollandie�soror�[et] dominum Ludewicum de Bawaria�filio�primogenito" married "rex Cracovie filiam"[627].� Her marriage was arranged to confirm the renewed alliance between her father and the Wittelsbach Markgraf of Brandenburg[628].� m secondly (contract Pritzwalk 25 Jun 1357, Feb 1360) as her first husband, INGEBORG von Mecklenburg, daughter of ALBRECHT II "der Gro�e" Herzog von Mecklenburg & his first wife Eufemia Eriksdatter of Sweden ([1340]-after 25 Jul 1395, bur Itzehoe).� She married secondly (before 1374) as his second wife, Heinrich II "der Eiserne" Graf von Holstein-Schauenburg.�

9. ELISABETH (1329-Stuttgart 2 Aug 1402, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche).� The History of Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven records that "aliam�filiam [Ludewici]" married "filius Canis dominus Verone", dated to 1350 from the context[629].� The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Domini Canis primogeniti" married "Domino Ludovico tunc Imperatore�filiam suam nomine Imperatricem", adding that they had "unica proles�f�mina"[630].� The Chronicle of Matthias Nueweburgensis (Continuatio) records that "filio Mastini Veronensis" married "Ludewicus�sororem, quondam Ludewici principis filiam"[631].� The Chronicon of Pietro Azario records that "Canemsignorium" proposed to marry "Dominam cognatam viduam" after the death of her husband but that she refused[632].� The Chronicon Wirtembergense records the marriage in 1367 of �Udalricus comes de Wirtemberg frater Eberhardi [mistake]� and �Elisabeth filiam Ludovici ducis Bavari�, relictis Scaligeri Veronensis principis�[633].� m firstly (Verona 22 Nov 1350) CANGRANDE [II] della Scala, son of MASTONO [II] Signor di Verona & his wife Taddea da Carrara (-murdered Verona 14 Dec 1359, bur Verona Santa Maria Antica).� He succeeded in 1351 as Signor di Verona.� m secondly (contract Donauw�rth 26 Apr 1362, Stuttgart 1362) ULRICH Erbgraf von W�rttemberg, son of EBERHARD II "dem Greinen" Graf von W�rttemberg & his wife Elisabeth von Henneberg-Schleusingen ([1342]-killed in battle near D�ffingen 23 Aug 1388, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche).�

10. WILHELM (Frankfurt-am-Main 12 May 1330-Le Quesnoy 15 Apr 1388, bur Valenciennes).� He succeeded in 1347 as WILHELM I joint Duke of Bavaria.� He and his brothers partitioned their territories in 1349, he kept Lower Bavaria jointly.� He succeeded his mother in 1349 as WILLEM V Count of Holland and Zeeland, but she retook control of these territories in 1350.� Willem took up arms against his mother, finally forcing her to yield 7 Dec 1354.� Count Willem�s succession in Holland was, according to his father�s wishes, joint with his brother Albrecht.� However, the Dutch refused to accept this and in practice Willem governed alone.� As a result of a further partition in 1353, he received Straubing jointly with his brother Albrecht.� He was confirmed 26 Feb 1357 as GUILLAUME V Comte de Hainaut, following the death of his mother.� He became insane in [1356/57], and was detained at the ch�teau du Quesnoy in 1358.�

-�� COMTES de HAINAUT.��

11. ALBRECHT (Munich 25 Jul 1336-The Hague 13 Dec 1404, bur The Hague).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names "Stephanus et Albertus" as sons of "Ludwicus imperator"[634].� He succeeded as ALBRECHT I joint Duke of Bavaria.� He and his brothers partitioned their territories in 1349, he kept Lower Bavaria jointly.� He succeeded his mother 1349 as ALBERT Count of Holland and Seeland, jointly with his brother Willem.� However, the Dutch refused to accept this and in practice Willem governed alone.� As a result of a further partition in 1353, he received Straubing jointly with his brother Wilhelm.� Named Protector of Hainaut, Holland and Seeland in 1358, on behalf of his brother who had become insane.� Emperor Karl IV invested him with the Counties of Holland, Seeland, Friesland and Hainaut, but this remained unrecognised by the population.� He only succeeded on the death of his brother in 1389 as ALBERT Count of Holland, Seeland, ALBERT Comte de Hainaut.�

-�� COMTES de HAINAUT.�

12. OTTO (Munich 1340 or 1342-Schlo� Wolfstein an der Isar 15/16 Nov 1379, bur Seligenthal).� He succeeded in 1347 as OTTO V "der Faule" joint Duke of Bavaria.� He and his brothers partitioned their territories in 1349, he kept Upper Bavaria jointly which he renounced 1351 in favour of his brother Ludwig V who in return renounced Brandenburg in his favour (minor until 1360).� He ruled alone in Brandenburg in 1365, the territory being ceded to the emperor in 1373.� Duke of Lower Bavaria 1375-1376.� The necrology of Scheftlarn records the death "XVI Kal Dec" of "Otto marchio Brandburc"[635].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVII Kal Dec 1379" of "dominus Otto marggrafius com palatinus Reni et dux Babarie, ist bei uns begraben"[636].� m (Prague 19 Mar 1366) as her second husband, KATHARINA of Bohemia, widow of RUDOLF IV Duke of Austria, daughter of Emperor KARL IV King of Germany, King of Bohemia & his first wife Blanche [Marguerite] de Valois (Prague Aug 1342-Perchtoldersdorf 26 Apr 1395, bur Vienna St Stefan).� The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the marriage in 1353 of "Rudolfus Dux Austri�" and "Katherina, filia Domini Karoli"[637].� The Necrologium Austriacum refers to the wife of Duke Rudolf as "kayser Karls tochter des vierten"[638].� The Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon records the marriage "feria quinta ante Iudica" in 1366 of "Dominus Imperator filiam suam seniorem�ex Domina Blancza�Katherinam, relictam olim Rudolfi Ducis Austri�" and "Ottoni Marchioni Brandenburgensi"[639].�

13. BEATRIX (1344-25 Dec 1359).� The Chronica Archiepiscoporum Lundensium records the death in 1359 of "rege Suecie Erico�uxor sua Beatrix, primogenitus suus" and names "pater suus Magnus rex Suecie"[640].� m (before 25 Oct 1356) ERIK XII Magnusson King of Sweden, son of MAGNUS II King of Sweden and Norway & his wife Blanche de Namur ([1339]-20 Jun 1359).

14. AGNES (Munich 1345-Munich 11 Nov 1352, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).�

15. LUDWIG (early Oct 1347-1348, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).

D.�� DUKES of BAVARIA, DUKES of BAVARIA-INGOLSTADT, DUKES of BAVARIA-LANDSHUT

STEFAN von Bayern, son of Emperor LUDWIG IV "der Bayer" King of Germany, Duke of Bavaria, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein & his first wife Beatrix von Schweidnitz [Piast] (Autumn 1319-Landshut 19 May 1375, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names "Stephanus et Albertus" as sons of "Ludwicus imperator"[641].� He succeeded his father in 1347 as STEFAN II "mit der Hafte" joint Duke of Bavaria.� He and his brothers partitioned their territories 1349, he kept Lower Bavaria jointly.� As a result of a further partition in 1353, he received Landshut.� He inherited Upper Bavaria 1363 from his nephew Meinhard, also claiming Tirol which he was forced to concede to Austria in 1369.� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death in 1375 of "Stephanus dux"[642].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XIV Kal Mai 1375" of "Stephanus dux Bawarie com palatinis Reni"[643].�

m firstly (27 Jun 1328) ISABELLA of Sicily, daughter of FEDERIGO II King of Sicily [Aragon] & his wife El�onore of Sicily [Anjou-Capet] ([1310]-Landshut 21 Mar 1349, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� The Chronicle of Matthias Nueweburgensis records the death in 1349 of "filia regis Cecilie uxor Stephani ducis Bavarie"[644].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XII Kal Apr 1349" of "domina Elisabeth ducissa Bawarie filia regis Sycilie"[645].�

m secondly (Landshut 14 Feb 1359) MARGARETA von N�rnberg, daughter of JOHANN II Burggraf von N�rnberg & his wife Elisabeth von Henneberg (-19 Sep 1377).� The Chronicle of Matthias Nueweburgensis records that "Stephani ducis Bavarie" married "filiam burggravii de N�renberg" after the death of his first wife[646].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XIII Kal Oct 1377" of "nobilis domina Margareta ducissa Bawarie, filia domini purggrafii de Nurenperga"[647].�

Duke Stefan II & his first wife had four children:�

1. STEFAN ([1337]-Niedersch�nenfeld 26 Sep 1413, bur 1430 Ingolstadt Unsere Liebe Frau).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names (in order) "Stephanus, Fridericus, Iohannes" as the three sons of "Stephanus dux"[648].� The Liber Anniversariorum of Moosburg records the death "II Non Dec" of "Fridricus dux Bavarie" and names "Stephani et Iohannis fratrum eius"[649].� He succeeded his father in 1375 as STEFAN III joint Duke of Bavaria.� When he and his brothers partitioned the territories 1392, he kept Ingolstadt.� The necrology of Seonense records the death "VII Kal Oct 1413" of "Stephanus dux"[650].� m firstly ([13 Oct 1364/1367]) TADDEA Visconti, daughter of BERNAB� Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Beatrice [Regina] della Scala (-28 Sep 1381, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica records that �Fridericus et Stephanus� married �duas sorores...filie domini Mediolanensis�[651].� The Annales Mediolanenses record the death in Oct 1381 of "Domina Thadd�a filia Domini Bernabovis et uxor Principis Leopoldi [error for Stefani] Ducis Bavari� et Comitis Rheni"[652].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "IV Kal Oct 1381" of "domina Thadaea filia de Mediolano ducissa Babarie"[653].� m secondly (K�ln 16 Jan 1401) as her second husband, ELISABETH von Kleve, widow of REINOLD van Valkenburg, daughter of ADOLF I Graf von Kleve & his wife Margareta von J�lich (-after 2 Jul 1430).� Mistress (1): ---.� The name of Duke Stefan's mistress is not known.� Duke Stefan III & his first wife had three children:

a) LUDWIG ([20 Dec 1365/1369]-in prison Burghausen 1/2 May 1447, bur Raitenhaslach).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica names �Ludwicum iam tenentem principatum in Ingelstat et Elyzabeth uxorem Karoli regis Francie� as the children of �Stephanus� and his wife �[filia] domini Mediolanensis�[654].� He succeeded his father in 1413 as LUDWIG VII "der B�rtige" Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt.� Comte de Mortain 1416, as part of the dowry of his second wife.� Deposed and imprisoned by his son 1443.� m firstly (Paris 1 Oct 1402) as her second husband, ANNE de Bourbon, widow of JEAN de Berry Comte de Montpensier, daughter of JEAN I de Bourbon Comte de la Marche et de Vend�me & his wife Catherine Ctss de Vend�me et de Castres (-Paris Sep 1408, bur Paris, �glise des Jacobins).� Betrothed (Paris 1409, contract broken before 1410) to Infanta do�a BLANCA de Navarra, daughter of don CARLOS III "el Noble" King of Navarre & his wife Infanta do�a Leonor de Castilla (Pamplona 1385-Santa Mar�a de Nieva 3 Apr 1441, bur Tudela, �glise des Cordeliers).� She succeeded her father in 1425 as BLANCA I Queen of Navarre.� m secondly (Paris, H�tel Saint-Pol 1 Oct 1413) as her second husband, CATHERINE d'Alen�on, widow of PIERRE d'Evreux Infante de Navarra Comte de Mortain, daughter of PIERRE II Comte d'Alen�on & his wife Marie Chamaillart (Verneuil-sur-Avre, Eure [1380]-Paris, H�tel d�Auxerre 22 or 25 Jun 1462, bur Paris, Abbaye Sainte-Genevi�ve).� The necrology of Vauvert records the death "VII Kal Jul" of "domine Katherina de Alen�onio ducissa in Bavaria filia ducis Alen�onii quondam uxor�principis domini Petri de Navarra"[655].� P�re Anselme records her death 22 Jun 1462 at the H�tel d�Auxerre in Paris and her burial and epitaph at the abbey of Sainte Genevi�ve[656].� Mistress (1): CANETTA Schweller, daughter of WIELAND Schweller & his wife --- (-[1439]).� An anonymous mid-15th century Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum names �Lanet� as mother of the duke�s son �Wieland von Fridberg�[657].� Aschbach records that Canetta later married "den Ritter Freiberg", without citing the primary source which confirms the marriage, indicating that her illegitimate son by the duke adopted his stepfather�s family name[658].� The anonymous mid-15th century Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum records in 1440 (error for 1439?) the deaths of �der benant Wyelant und Lanet sein mutter...in acht tagen�[659].� Mistress (2): ---.� The name of Duke Ludwig's second mistress is not known.� Duke Ludwig VII & his first wife had two children:

i) LUDWIG (Paris 1 Sep 1403-Ingolstadt 7 Apr 1445, bur Ingolstadt Unsere Liebe Frau).� Graf zu Graisbach.� He deposed his father and succeeded him in 1443 as LUDWIG VIII "der H�ckrige" Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt.� m (Ingolstadt 20 Jul 1441) as her first husband, MARGARETA von Brandenburg, daughter of FRIEDRICH I Elector of Brandenburg & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshut ([1410]-Landshut 27 Jul 1465, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� She married thirdly (1446) Martin von Waldenfels zu Wartenfels (-before 7 May 1472).� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "V Kal Aug 1465" of "domina Margaretha uxor et vidua principis Ludowici iunioris Bavarie, dise f�rstin ist bei uns begraben"[660].�

(a) child ([1442]-).

(b) KATHARINA ([1443]-after 1446).

ii) JOHANN (b and d Paris 1404, bur Paris St Jacques).

Duke Ludwig VII & his second wife had two children:

iii) JOHANN (Paris 6 Feb 1414-young, bur Paris St Jacques).

iv) daughter (b and d Paris ----).

Duke Ludwig VII had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):��

v) WIELAND von Freiberg (1400-1439).� An anonymous mid-15th century Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum names �Wieland von Fridberg� as son of Duke Ludwig and �Lanet�[661].� He was legitimated 1418 by Pope Martin V[662].� He was poisoned in 1439[663].� The anonymous mid-15th century Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum records in 1440 (error for 1439?) the deaths of �der benant Wyelant und Lanet sein mutter...in acht tagen�[664].� m (1438) AMALIE von Wertheim, daughter of MICHAEL Graf von Wertheim & his wife Sophia von Henneberg.� An anonymous mid-15th century Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum records that �Wieland von Fridberg� married �gruuff Michel von Wertheim...ein Dochter�[665].� She married secondly (30 Nov 1440) Otto Schenk von Erbach.� Her parentage and second marriage are confirmed by the following document: Dietrich Archbishop of Mainz confirmed arranging the marriage of �Wilhelm Grave zu Wertheim...siner Swester Amalien� and �dem Edelen Schenk Otto Herren von Erpach unsern...Bruder� by charter dated 30 Nov 1440[666].�

Duke Ludwig VII had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):�

vi) JEANNE b�tarde de Bavi�re .� m (contract Dijon 8 Jun 1442, Besan�on 1442) JEAN de Salins Seigneur de Nevy de Villers-Robert de Frontenay et de l'Abergement (-1486).

b) ELISABETH ([1369/70]-Paris 24 or 30 Sep 1435, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica names �Ludwicum iam tenentem principatum in Ingelstat et Elyzabeth uxorem Karoli regis Francie� as the children of �Stephanus� and his wife �[filia] domini Mediolanensis�[667].� Pierre Cochon�s Chronique Normande records the marriage �en aoust � Tournay� 1385 of the king and �la fille au duc de Bavierez�[668].� An anonymous mid-15th century Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum records the marriage �umb sant Bartholomeus tag� 1385 between �Herzog Stephan von Bayern sein Tochter� and �gen Franckreich dem Edlen K�ng�, adding that �dieselbe junckfrau war Hern Barnabos von Meyland Enkelin�[669].� She was known as ISABEAU de Bavi�re in France.� Appointed President of the Council of Regency 26 Apr 1403 during the periods of insanity of her husband.� She proclaimed herself regent in 1408.� She was sent to Blois, and later Tours, by her husband and delivered by Jean �sans Peur� Duke of Burgundy 2 Nov 1417.� Jean Chartier�s Chronique de Charles VII records the death �en l�ostel de Saint-Pol...la veille de feste Monseigneur Saint Michiel� in 1435 of �roigne Ysabel femme de Charles le sixiesme roy de France de ce nom� and her burial �� Saint-Denis�[670].� The necrology of Vauvert records the death "Kal Oct" of "domina Ysabella de Bavaria regina Francie"[671].� m (Cathedral of Amiens 17 Jul 1385 or Tournai [24] Aug 1385) CHARLES VI "le Bien-Aim�" King of France, son of CHARLES V "le Sage" King of France & his wife Jeanne de Bourbon (H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 3 Dec 1368-H�tel de Saint-Pol, Paris 21 Oct 1422, bur �glise de l'Abbaye royale de Saint-Denis).

c) son (1377-).�

Duke Stefan had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):

d) JOHANNES der Moosburger (-1409).� Bishop of Regensburg 1384.

2. FRIEDRICH ([1339]-Budweis 3 or 4 Dec 1393, bur Seligenthal).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names (in order) "Stephanus, Fridericus, Iohannes" as the three sons of "Stephanus dux"[672].� He succeeded his father in 1375 as FRIEDRICH joint Duke of Bavaria.� When he and his brothers partitioned the territories in 1392, he kept Landshut.�

�� -�� see below.�

3. JOHANN ([1341]-Munich 8 Aug 1397, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� The Liber Anniversariorum of Moosburg records the death "II Non Dec" of "Fridricus dux Bavarie" and names "Stephani et Iohannis fratrum eius"[673].� He succeeded his father in 1375 as JOHANN II joint Duke of Bavaria.� When he and his brothers partitioned the territories 1392, he kept Munich.�

�� -�� see below, Part E. DUKES of BAVARIA-MUNICH.�

4. ELISABETH (-Milan 17 Jan 1382, bur Milan, Church of San Giovanni di Conci).� The Annales Mediolanenses record the marriage in 1367 in Milan of "Dominus Marcus natus�Domini Barnabovis Vicecomitis" and "Dominam Elisabet filiam�Principis Domini Stephani, Palatini Comitis et Ducis Bavari�"[674].� Giovanni di Musso�s Chronicon Placentinum records the death "in civitate Mediolani" in 1382 of "Dominus Marcus Vicecomes filius�Domini Bernabovis" and one month later of "uxor dicti Domini Marci, soror Domini Ducis Bavari�" also in Milan[675].� The Annales Mediolanenses record the death 17 Jan 1382 of "Domina Elisabeth�uxor�quondam Domini Marci et filia quondam�Principis Domini Stephani Palatini Comitis Rheni et Ducis Bavari�" and her burial "in ecclesia Sancti Johannis in Conca"[676].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVI Kal Jan 1382" of "Elisabeth filia Friderici ducis Babarie" [presumably an error for Stefan][677].� m (Milan 1367) MARCO Visconti, son of BERNAB� Visconti Signor of Milan & his wife Beatrice [Regina] della Scala (-Milan 3 Jan 1382, bur Milan, Church of San Giovanni di Conci).

FRIEDRICH von Bayern, son of STEFAN II "mit der Hafte" joint Duke of Bavaria & his first wife Isabella of Sicily [Arag�n] ([1339]-Budweis 3 or 4 Dec 1393, bur Seligenthal).� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names (in order) "Stephanus, Fridericus, Iohannes" as the three sons of "Stephanus dux"[678].� He succeeded his father in 1375 as FRIEDRICH joint Duke of Bavaria.� When he and his brothers partitioned the territories in 1392, he kept Landshut.� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� records the death "1393�die sancte Barbare in civitate Pudweis regione Bohemie" of "Fridericus Wavarie"[679].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "III Non Dec" of "Fridricus dux Bauarie"[680].� The Liber Anniversariorum of Moosburg records the death "II Non Dec" of "Fridricus dux Bavarie" and his donation of property "in Prukperkeh"[681].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "II Non Dec 1393" of "dominus Fridericus dux Bavarie com palatinus Reni, ist bei uns begraben"[682].�

m firstly (contract 11 Dec 1342, 1360) ANNA von Marstetten, daughter of BERTHOLD [II] Graf von Marstetten und Graisbach & his first wife Elisabeth von Truhendigen (-15 Oct 1380, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVI Kal Nov 1380" of "domina Anna, uxor domini Friderici, ducis Bawarie et filia comitis de Neiffen et ducissa Bawarie"[683].�

m secondly (Landshut 2 Sep 1381, by proxy 9 Apr 1382) MADDALENA Visconti, daughter of BERNAB� Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Beatrice [Regina] della Scala (Milan [12 Aug 1367]-Burghausen, Bavaria 17 Jul 1404, bur Kloster Raitenhaslach).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica records that �Fridericus et Stephanus� married �duas sorores...filie domini Mediolanensis�[684].� A charter dated 9 Apr 1382 notifies the marriage by proxy between "dominum Federichum Bavarie ducem" and "Magdalenam natam�Bernabos Vicecomes"[685].� The Liber defunctorum of Raitenhaslach records the death of "d^a Magdalena ducissa Bauarie ux dⁱ Friderici principis et ducis Bauarie, d^a Magdalena ducissa filia eius"[686].�

Duke Friedrich & his second wife had five children:

1. ELISABETH (1383-Schlo� Ansbach 13 Nov 1442, bur Heilsbronn).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica names �Heinricum tenentem iam principatum in Lanczhuet et Elyzabet uxorem Friderici marchionis Branburgensis qui et burgravius N�rnbergensis� as the children of �Fridericus� and his wife �[filia] domini Mediolanensis�[687].� m (Schongau am Lech 18 Sep 1401) FRIEDRICH VI Burggraf von N�rnberg, son of FRIEDRICH V Burggraf von N�rnberg & his wife Elisabeth von Meissen ([6 Aug/26 Nov] 1371-Schlo� Kadolzburg 20 Sep 1440, bur Kloster Heilsbronn).� He was created FRIEDRICH I Markgraf and Elector of Brandenburg by Imperial Order in 1415.�

2. MARGARETA (1384-young, bur Raitenhaslach).� The Liber defunctorum of Raitenhaslach records the death of "d^a Margareta ducissa Bauarie filia dⁱ Friderici principis et ducis Bauarie sepultus ante altare"[688].�

3. HEINRICH (1386-Landshut 30 Jul 1450, bur Seligenthal).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica names �Heinricum tenentem iam principatum in Lanczhuet et Elyzabet uxorem Friderici marchionis Branburgensis qui et burgravius N�rnbergensis� as the children of �Fridericus� and his wife �[filia] domini Mediolanensis�[689].� The Liber Anniversariorum of Moosburg records the death "II Non Dec" of "Fridricus dux Bavarie" and names "Hainrici pr�fati�filii"[690].� He succeeded his father in 1393 as HEINRICH IV "der Reiche" Duke of Bavaria-Landshut.� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "III Kal Aug 1450" of "Hainricus dux Bauarie"[691].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "III Kal Aug 1450" of "dominus Heinricus dux Bavarie com palatinus Reni ligt bei uns begraben"[692].� m (dispensation 12 Nov 1409, Landshut 25 Nov 1412) MARGARETA of Austria, daughter of ALBRECHT IV "das Weltwunder" Duke of Austria & his wife Johanna [Sophia] von Bayern (Vienna 26 Jun 1395-Burghausen am Obb 24 Dec 1447, bur Raitenhaslach).� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "IX Kal Jan 1447" of "Margaretha ducissa Wauarie ux dⁱ Hainrici hic sepulta"[693].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "IX Kal Jan 1447" of "domina Margareta uxor domini Heinrici ducis de Bavarie, de Austria et ducissa Bavarie"[694].� Mistresses (1-3): ---.� The name of Duke Heinrich's mistress or mistresses is not known.� Duke Heinrich IV & his wife had seven children:�

a) JOHANNA (1413-Mosbach 20 Jul 1444, bur Mosbach Stiftskirche).� m (Burghausen 15 Jan 1430) OTTO I Pfalzgraf von Mosbach, son of RUPRECHT III Pfalzgraf bei Rhein Herzog in Bayern & his wife Elisabeth von N�rnberg (Mosbach 24 Aug 1390-Kloster Reichenbach 5 Jul 1461, bur Kloster Reichenbach).

b) ALBRECHT (Burghausen 1414-1 Jan 1416, bur Raitenhaslach).� The Liber defunctorum of Raitenhaslach records the death "Kal Ian 1416" of "Albertus dux Bauarie fil dⁱ Heinrici principis et ducis Bauarie�hic sepultus"[695].�

c) FRIEDRICH (1415-Burghausen 7 Jun 1416, bur Raitenhaslach).� The Liber defunctorum of Raitenhaslach records the death "VII Id Jun 1416" of "Fridricus dux Bauarie fil dⁱ Hainrici principis et ducis Bauarie�hic sepultus"[696].�

d) LUDWIG (Burghausen 23 Feb 1417-Landshut 18 Jan 1479, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� He succeeded his second cousin in 1445 as Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, and his father in 1450 as LUDWIG IX "der Reiche" Duke of Bavaria-Landshut.�

�� -�� see below.�

e) ELISABETH (1419-Landshut 9 Dec 1450 or 1 Jan 1451, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche).� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "V Id Dec" of "d^a Elizabet filia ducis Hainrici ex com^is de Wirttenberg"[697].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "V Non Jan 1451" of "nobilis Elizabeth de Wirttenberg filia Hainrici ducissa Bawarie"[698].� m (Stuttgart 8 Feb 1445) as his second wife, ULRICH V "der Vielgeliebte" Graf von W�rttemberg-Stuttgart, son of EBERHARD IV "der J�ngere" Graf von W�rttemberg & his wife Henriette Ctss de Montb�liard (1413-Leonberg 1 Sep 1480, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche).

f) MARGARETA (1420-Seligenthal young, bur Seligenthal).� Nun at Seligenthal.�

g) SOPHIE (-22 Apr ----).� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "X Kal Mai" of "Sophia filia Heinrici ducis Bauarie"[699].� It is not certain that Sophie was the daughter of Duke Heinrich IV.� However, three of his known children are recorded in the necrological records of the same monastery, as are he and his wife.� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "IX Kal Mai" of "Sophia filia ducis Bawarie"[700].�

Duke Heinrich IV had three illegitimate children by his Mistresses:

h) GEORG von Zangberg .� m firstly AMALIE Neislinger, daughter of ---.� m secondly MAGDALENE von Weichs, daughter of ---.

i) HEINRICH von Zangberg .� m URSULA von Weylemit, daughter of --- (-1497).

(a) APPOLONIA von Zangberg .

(b) MARGARETA von Zangberg .� Either Margareta or her older sister m ULRICH von Haslang, son of ---.

ii) --- von Zangberg .� m URBAN K�rgl, son of --- (-[1509]).

i) ELISABETH von Zangberg .� Nun.

j) BARBARA von Zangberg .� Nun.�

4. MAGDALENA (1388-17 Dec 1410, bur Raitenhaslach).� The Liber defunctorum of Raitenhaslach records the death of "d^a Magdalena ducissa Bauarie ux dⁱ Friderici principis et ducis Bauarie, d^a Magdalena ducissa filia eius"[701].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "XVI Kal" of "d^a Magdalena sor dⁱ Heinrici principis Bauarie"[702].� m ([11/24] May 1404) as his first wife, JOHANN MEINHARD VII Graf von G�rz, son of MEINHARD VI & his second wife Utelhild von M�tsch ([1378/80]-before 22 May 1430).

5. JOHANN ([1390]-Schlo� Burghausen 20 Dec 1396, bur Raitenhaslach).� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "XIII Kal Jan" of "Iohannes dux Bauarie"[703].�

LUDWIG von Bayern, son of HEINRICH IV "der Reiche" Duke of Bavaria-Landshut & his wife Margareta of Austria (Burghausen 23 Feb 1417-Landshut 18 Jan 1479, bur Kloster Seligenthal).� He succeeded his second cousin in 1445 as Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, and his father in 1450 as LUDWIG IX "der Reiche" Duke of Bavaria-Landshut.� Founded the University of Ingolstadt 1472.� The necrology of Unteraltaich records the death "XV Kal Feb 1479" of "Ludovicus dux Bavari�"[704].�

m (Landshut 21 Mar 1452) AMALIA von Sachsen, daughter of FRIEDRICH II "dem Sanftm�tigen" Elector of Saxony & his wife Margareta of Austria (Meissen 13 Apr 1435-Rochlitz 19 Nov 1502, bur Meissen Cathedral).� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Margareta�, who married �Hertoghen Lodewich Van Beveren� [?], second of the four daughters of �Hertoghe Frederick to Sassen, Marggreven Frederikes sone to Myssen...Greve to D�ringh de Korforste� and his wife[705].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) names �Amaliam sive Ameleyam, Ludovici Divitis Bavari� Ducis conjugem� as the oldest of her parents four daughters, noting her birth 1438 [error] �die Mercurii post Palmarum� and the couple�s marriage �Landshuti� 1452[706].� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records that, when widowed, Anna returned to Meissen where she died and was buried �in templo cathedrali�, the epitaph recording her death in 1502[707].� An epitaph at Meissen records the death 1502 �am achten Tag nach Martini� of �Firstin Fraue Amuleye H L von Beiern...Witwe geborne von Sachsen�[708].�

Duke Ludwig IX & his wife had four children:�

1. ELISABETH ([1453]-1457, bur Seligenthal).�

2. GEORG (Landshut 15 Aug 1455-Ingolstadt 1 Dec 1503, bur Seligenthal).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records his parentage and birth in 1455[709].� He succeeded his father in 1479 as GEORG "der Reiche" Duke of Bavaria in Landshut und Ingolstadt.� The necrology of Seonense records the death "Kal Dec 1503" of "Ieorgius dux Bauarie"[710].� The necrology of Aldersbach records the death "Kal Dec 1503" of "Georgii ducis Bavari� com Palatini Rheni"[711].� m (Landshut 15 Nov 1475) JADZWIGA of Poland, daughter of KAZIMIERZ IV "the Great" King of Poland & his wife Elisabeth Adss of Austria (Cracow 21 Sep 1457-Burghausen 18/19 Feb 1502, bur Raitenhaslach).� The necrology of Aldersbach records the death "XI Kal Mar" of "regali ex progenie potentis Casimiri Polonie regis filia Hedwigis�Georgii Bavari� ducis comitisque rheni quondam conthoralis"[712].� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "XII Kal Mar 1502" of "Hedwigis ducissa Bauarie"[713].� Mistress (1): ---.� The name of Duke Georg's mistress is not known.� Duke Georg & his wife had five children:�

a) LUDWIG (end 1476-1500, bur Seligenthal).

b) RUPERT (1477-young, bur Seligenthal).�

c) WOLFGANG ([1482]-young, bur Seligenthal).

d) ELISABETH (1478-Landshut 15 Sep 1504, bur Seligenthal).� m (Heidelberg 10 Feb 1499) her first cousin, RUPRECHT Pfalzgraf, son of PHILIPP Elector Palatine & his wife Margareta von Bayern (Heidelberg 14 May 1481-Landshut 20 Aug 1504, bur Seligenthal).

e) MARGARETA (1480-Neuburg an der Donau 6 Jan 1531, bur Neuberg Church of the Benedictine Order).� Member of the Benedictine Order 1504.� Abbess at Neuburg an der Donau 1509-1521.

Duke Georg had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

f) LEONHARD Perbinger (-1540).� m MARGARETA Sickenhauser, daughter of --- (-1545). �Leonhard & his wife had three children:�

i) ONUPHRIUS Perbinger (-1575).� m MARIA Vogt, daughter of --- (-1575). �Onuphrius & his wife had one child:�

(a) ONUPHRIUS Perbinger ([1550]-[1585]).� m BARBARA Lockenburger, daughter of ---. �Onuphrius & his wife had two children:�

(1) PAUL Perbinger .� m KATHARINA Mayr, daughter of ---. �Paul & his wife had one child:�

a. KATHARINA ELEONORE Perbinger .� m GEORG CHRISTIAN von Sickenhausen, son of ---.

(2) SUSANNE Perbinger .� m FRIEDRICH Esswurm, son of ---.

ii) daughter .� m WOLF Halbwache.

iii) KATHARINA Perbinger .� m PANKRAZ Prey.

3. MARGARETE (Amberg 7 Nov 1456-Heidelberg 24/25 Jan 1501, bur Heidelberg Heilige Geist).� Spalatinus ([mid-C16th]) records her parentage, birth in 1456, and marriage to �Philippo Comiti Palatino Rheni et Electori�[714].� m (Amberg 17 Apr 1474) PHILIPP Pfalzgraf, son of LUDWIG IV Kurf�rst von der Pfalz & Marguerite de Savoie (14 Jul 1448-Germersheim 28 Feb 1508, bur Heidelberg Heilige Geist).� He succeeded his father in 1476 as PHILIPP "der Aufrichtige" Elector Palatine.� The necrology of Unteraltaich records the death "V Kal Mar 1508" of "dux Philippus comes palatinus Rheni" adding that "hic Georgii ducis Bavarie sororem habuit uxorem"[715].�

4. ANNA (b and d 1462, bur Seligenthal).�

E.�� DUKES of BAVARIA-MUNICH 1375-1503, DUKES of BAVARIA

JOHANN von Bayern, son of STEFAN II "mit der Hafte" joint Duke of Bavaria & his first wife Isabella of Sicily [Arag�n] ([1341]-Munich 8 Aug 1397, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� The Liber Anniversariorum of Moosburg records the death "II Non Dec" of "Fridricus dux Bavarie" and names "Stephani et Iohannis fratrum eius"[716].� The Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� names (in order) "Stephanus, Fridericus, Iohannes" as the three sons of "Stephanus dux"[717].� He succeeded his father in 1375 as JOHANN II joint Duke of Bavaria.� When he and his brothers partitioned the territories 1392, he kept Munich.�

m ([Oct/Nov] 1372) KATHARINA von G�rz, daughter of MEINHARD VI Graf von G�rz & his first wife Katharina von Pfannberg ([1350]-31 May 1391, bur Seligenthal).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica records that �Johannes� married �uxorem de G�ricia�[718].� A charter dated 6 Mar 1373 records provisions made by �Grafen Meinhard von G�rz, seine Gemahlin Katharina von Pfannberg� for �ihre beiden T�chter Frau Katharina Herzogin in Baiern, Frau Ursula Gr�fin von Schaumberg, Frau Anna Gr�fin zu Krabathen...�[719].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "X Kal Jul 1391" of "domina Kartarina ducissa Babarie, filia comitis de Dierol�ligt bei uns begraben"[720].�

Mistress (1): ---.� The name of Duke Johann's mistress is not known.�

Duke Johann & his wife had three children:�

1. ERNST (1373-Munich 2 Jul 1438, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica names �Ernestum et Wilhelmum iam tenentes principatum in Monaco et Sophiam uxorem Venzeslai quondam regis Romanorum et Boemie� as the children of �Johannes� and his wife �de G�ricia�[721].� He succeeded his father in 1397 as ERNST I joint Duke of Bavaria, jointly with his uncle Duke Stephan III.� Duke of Bavaria in Munich 1402.��

�� -�� see below.�

2. WILHELM (Munich 1375-Munich 12 or 21 Sep 1435, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica names �Ernestum et Wilhelmum iam tenentes principatum in Monaco et Sophiam uxorem Venzeslai quondam regis Romanorum et Boemie� as the children of �Johannes� and his wife �de G�ricia�[722].� He succeeded in 1397 as WILHELM III joint Duke of Bavaria, jointly with his brother Ernst and his uncle Stephan III.� Duke of Bavaria in Munich 1402.� Protektor of the Council of Basel 1431-1433.� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "XI Kal Oct" of "dux Wilhelmus de Monaco"[723].� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVI Kal Oct 1433" of "dominus Wilhelmus II dux Bawarie com palatinus Reni"[724], although the year appears to be incorrect.� m (Basel 11 May 1433) as her first husband, MARGARETA von Kleve, daughter of ADOLF II Duke of Kleve & his second wife Marie de Bourgogne [Valois-Capet] (23 Feb 1416-Stuttgart 20 May 1444, bur Stuttgart Stiftskirche).� She married secondly (Stuttgart 29 Jan 1441) as his first wife, Ulrich V "der Vielgeliebte" Graf von W�rttemberg-Stuttgart.� Mistresses (1-5): ---.� The names of Duke Wilhelm's mistresses are not known.� Duke Wilhelm III & his wife had two children:�

a) ADOLF (Munich 7 Jan 1434-Munich [26 May/4 Oct] 1440, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� He succeeded his father in 1435 as ADOLF Duke of Bavaria-Munich.�

b) WILHELM (posthumously Munich 25 Sep 1435-Munich 16 Oct 1435, bur Straubing Karmelitenkirche).�

Duke Wilhelm IV had five illegitimate children by Mistress (1)-(5):�

c) KONRAD von Egenhofen .� m firstly BARBARA Schymel, daughter of ---.� m secondly DOROTHEA von Adelzhofen, daughter of ---.

d) WILHELM von Egenhofen (-[1471/2]).� m BARBARA R�dolf, daughter of ---.� Mistress (1): MARGARETA von Germering, daughter of ---. �Wilhelm had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

i) KUNTZL .

e) MAGDALENE von Egenhofen .� m firstly GEORG P�ttrich, son of ---.� m secondly CHRISTOPH Lung, son of ---.

f) DIEMUT von Egenhofen (-1452).

g) KONRAD von Egenhofen .

3. SOPHIE (1376-Pressburg 26 Sep 1425, bur Pressburg Cathedral).� Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica names �Ernestum et Wilhelmum iam tenentes principatum in Monaco et Sophiam uxorem Venzeslai quondam regis Romanorum et Boemie� as the children of �Johannes� and his wife �de G�ricia�[725].� Crowned Queen of Bohemia 15 Mar 1400.� m (Prague 2 May 1389) as his second wife, WENZEL IV King of Bohemia, son of Emperor KARL IV King of Germany, King of Bohemia & his third wife Anna von Schweidnitz und Jauer [Piast] (N�rnberg 26 Feb 1361-Neuschlo� bei Kunratitz 16 Aug 1419, bur Prague St Veit's Cathedral).� No issue.

Duke Johann had [one illegitimate child] by Mistress (1):�

4. [JOHANN Gr�nwalder (1393-Vienna 1452, bur Freising).� Cardinal. �Bishop of Freising.� The Gesta Episcoporum Frisingensium record that "Iohannes Gruenwalder, decretorum doctor, filius ducis Stefani de Bavaria, illegitime tamen natus�minor annis esset" was a candidate for the bishopric of Freising in 1422, when "Nicodemus de la Scala" was chosen as bishop, and elected Bishop in 1443.� It appears chronologically unlikely that Johann Gr�nwalder was the son of either of the Dukes Stefan of Bavaria, but the primary source which identifies him as the son of Duke Johann has not been identified.� He died in Vienna in 1452 and was buried at Freising[726].]�

ERNST von Bayern, son of JOHANN II Duke of Bavaria & his wife Katharina von G�rz (1373-Munich 2 Jul 1438, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau). �Andreas von Regensburg�s early 15th century Chronica names �Ernestum et Wilhelmum iam tenentes principatum in Monaco et Sophiam uxorem Venzeslai quondam regis Romanorum et Boemie� as the children of �Johannes� and his wife �de G�ricia�[727].� He succeeded his father in 1397 as ERNST I joint Duke of Bavaria, jointly with his uncle Duke Stephan III.� Duke of Bavaria in Munich 1402.� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "Kal Jul 1438" of "dominus Ernestus dux Bavarie com palatinus Reni"[728].�

m (Pfaffenhofen/Ilm 26 Jan 1395) ELISABETTA Visconti, daughter of BERNAB� Visconti Lord of Milan & his wife Beatrice [Regina] della Scala (-Munich 2 Feb 1432, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik records that �Hertzog Ernst des ietz j�ngst gemelten hertzog Johannsen sun� married �Elysabeth von Mayland�[729].� "Johannes Galeaz dux Mediolani�comes Virtutum" ordered the payment of the dowry to "ducis Ernesti" for his marriage ot "sororis nostre domine Elixabet ducisse Bavarie" by charter dated 23 Jan 1396[730].� The necrology of Scheftlarn records the death "IV Non Feb 1432" of "Elysabeth ducissa coniunx Ernesti ducis Bawarie"[731].�

Mistress (1):� ANNA Kr�zl, daughter of ---.�

Duke Ernst & his wife had three children:�

1. ALBRECHT (Munich 23 Mar 1401-Munich 27 or 29 Feb 1460, bur Andechs).� He succeeded his father in 1438 as ALBRECHT III "der Fromme" Duke of Bavaria-Munich.� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik records that �hertzog Albrecht� died �an Freitag nach Vasnacht� 1460[732].� The necrology of Raitenhaslach records the death "III Kal Mar" of "Albertus dux de Monaco"[733].� m (Munich [6 Nov 1435/22 Jan 1437]) as her first husband, ANNA von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen, daughter of ERICH Herzog von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen & his wife Elisabeth von Braunschweig-G�ttingen (1415-Nannhofen 14 Oct 1474, bur Andechs).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik records that �hertzog Albrecht� married �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�[734].� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum names �Anna� fifth of the five daughters of �Hertoghe Ereke, Hertoghen Albrechtes sone to Brunswick, ein Here to Embeke� and his wife, who married �Hertoghen Albrecht to Beyeren� and secondly �Hertoghen Frederick, des olden Hertoghen Wilhelmes sone to Brunswick unde Lunenborch�[735].� She married secondly (Munich Feb 1463, divorced 1467) as his first wife, Friedrich von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel, who succeeded in 1482 as Friedrich II Herzog von Braunschweig-Calenberg.� Mistress (1): ---.� Mistress (2)-(4): ---.� The names of Duke Albrecht's mistresses are not known.� Duke Albrecht III & his wife had ten children:�

a) JOHANN (Munich 1437-Haidhausen 1463, bur Andechs).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Johanns...Ernst...Sigmund, Albrecht, Cristoff...ainen Albrecht...und Wolfgang� as the seven sons of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�[736].� He succeeded his father in 1460 as JOHANN IV joint Duke of Bavaria-Munich, jointly with his brothers Sigmund and Albrecht IV. �Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik records that �hertzog Johanns� died in 1463 and was buried �auf dem heiligne perg zu Andechs�[737].�

b) ERNST (Munich 1438-Straubing 1460, bur Straubing). Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Johanns...Ernst...Sigmund, Albrecht, Cristoff...ainen Albrecht...und Wolfgang� as the seven sons of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�, adding that Ernst died young[738].�

c) SIGMUND (1439-Schlo� Menzing 25 Feb 1501, bur Munich).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Johanns...Ernst...Sigmund, Albrecht, Cristoff...ainen Albrecht...und Wolfgang� as the seven sons of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�[739].� He succeeded his father in 1460 as SIGMUND joint Duke of Bavaria-Munich, jointly with his brother Johann IV and Albrecht IV.� Abdicated 1467.� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "V Kal Mar" of "Sigismundus de Monaco dux Superiorisque Bauarie"[740].� Mistress (1): MARGARETA Pf�ttendorferin, daughter of ---.� Mistress (2): MARGARETA von Freyberg, daughter of ---.� Duke Sigmund had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

i) HANS von Pf�ttendorf .

ii) SIEGMUND von Pf�ttendorf (-after 1 Oct 1502).

Duke Sigmund had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):�

iii) MARGARETA (-1506).� m firstly HANS Hundt, son of --- (-1495).� m secondly CHRISTOPH Pienzenauer, son of ---.

d) ALBRECHT (24 Dec 1440-Straubing 1445, bur Straubing Karmelitenkirche). �Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Johanns...Ernst...Sigmund, Albrecht, Cristoff...ainen Albrecht...und Wolfgang� as the seven sons of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�, adding that �ainen Albrecht� died young[741].�

e) MARGARETA (1 Jan 1442-Mantua 14 Oct 1479, bur Mantua San Andrea).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Margreta...Elysabeth...Barbara� as the three daughters of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�, adding that Margareta married �dem marggrafen von Montaw�[742].� m (Mantua 10 May 1463) FEDERIGO Gonzaga di Mantua, son of LODOVICO III Marchese di Mantua & his wife Barbara von Brandenburg (25 Jun 1441-Mantua 14 Jul 1484, bur Mantua San Andrea).� He succeeded his father 1478 as FEDERIGO I Marchese di Mantua.�

f) ELISABETH (2 Feb 1443-Leipzig [5 Mar] 1484, bur Leipzig Dominican Kloster St Paul).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Margreta...Elysabeth...Barbara� as the three daughters of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�, adding that Elisabeth married �hertzog Ernst von Sachsen�[743].� Botho�s Chronicon Brunsvicensium Picturatum records that �Hertoghen Ernest, Hertoghen Frederikes sone to Sassen, Lantgreve to D�ringh, Marggreve to Myssen� married �Elizabeth, des Hertoghen van Beyeren dochter�[744].� The Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense records the death �Anno LXXXIV...in principio XL in Liptzk� of �domina Elizabet uxor Ernesti� and her burial �ibidem...in ecclesia fratrum ordinis predicatorum�[745].� An epitaph at Leipzig records the death 1484 �am Freitag nach Esto mihi� of �Elisabeth, geborne von Bayern, Herzogin zu Sachsen, Lantgrevin zu Doryngen und Marggrevin zu Myssen�[746].� m (Leipzig 19 Nov 1460) ERNST Erbprinz von Sachsen, son of FRIEDRICH II "dem Sanftm�tigen" Elector of Saxony & his wife Margareta of Austria (Meissen 24 Mar 1441-Colditz 26 Aug 1486, bur Meissen Cathedral).� He succeeded in 1464 as ERNST I Elector of Saxony.

g) ALBRECHT (Munich 15 Dec 1447-Munich 10 Mar 1508, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Johanns...Ernst...Sigmund, Albrecht, Cristoff...ainen Albrecht...und Wolfgang� as the seven sons of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�[747].� Canon at Augsburg cathedral 1459-1468, resigned.� Priest at Habach 1461.� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1461-1466, resigned.� He succeeded his father in 1460 as ALBRECHT IV "der Weise" joint Duke of Bavaria-Munich.�

�� -�� see below.�

h) CHRISTOPH (6 Jan 1449-Rhodos 8 Aug 1493, bur Rhodos St Antony).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Johanns...Ernst...Sigmund, Albrecht, Cristoff...ainen Albrecht...und Wolfgang� as the seven sons of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�[748].� Co-Regent of Bavaria 1468-1485.� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "V Kal Feb" of "Cristofferus dux Inferioris Superiorisque Bavarie" while on pilgrimage to Jerusalem[749].�

i) WOLFGANG (1 Nov 1451-Landsberg am Lech 16 or 24 May 1514, bur Andechs).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Johanns...Ernst...Sigmund, Albrecht, Cristoff...ainen Albrecht...und Wolfgang� as the seven sons of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�[750].� Canon at Passau cathedral [1458], at Augsburg cathedral 1458-1463, and at K�ln cathedral 1461.� The necrology of Seligenthal records the death "XVII Kal Jun 1514" of "Wolfgangus de Monaco dux Superioris [et] Inferioris Bavarie"[751].�

j) BARBARA (Munich 9 Jun 1454-Munich 24 Jun 1474, bur Munich St Klara, transferred 1809 to Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Margreta...Elysabeth...Barbara� as the three daughters of �hertzog Albrecht� and his wife �frawen Anna von Prawnsweygk�, adding that Barbara was �zu M�nchen in das frawen closter zu Anger gegeben�[752].� Nun at Munich St. Klara.�

�� Duke Albrecht III had one illegitimate daughter by Mistress (1):

k) MARGARETA .� m ([4 May 1516]) MICHAEL Mayr, son of ---.� Mundkoch to the Duke.��

Duke Albrecht III had illegitimate sons by Mistresses (2)-(4).

l) ALBERTUS de Bavaria (-1508).� Canon and doctor of jurisprudence.

m) JOHANNES Neuhauser (-1516).� Canon.

n) SYBILLA Newfarner .� m (before 18 --- 1444) HANS Hartlieb, son of --- (-1468).

2. BEATRIX ([1403]-Neumarkt 12 Mar 1447, bur Gnadenberg).� Andreas von Regensburg records that in 1424 �Ernestus dux Bavarie Monaci filiam suam Beatricem� married �Hermanno filio Hermanni comitis de Cili�, whose daughter �Barbara� married �Sigismundi Romanorum, Ungarie, Hohemie etc regis�[753].� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Margreta...die ander...Elysabeth� as the two daughters of �Hertzog Ernst des ietz j�ngst gemelten hertzog Johannsen sun� and his wife �Elysabeth von Mayland�, adding that �Margreta� married �graf Herman von Zilii�[754].� m firstly (Ortenburg 31 May 1424) as his second wife, HERMAN [III] Count of Celje [Cilly], son of HERMAN II Count of Cilli [Celje], Ban of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia & his wife Anna von Schaunberg ([1380]-Stain bei Radmannsdor 30 Jul 1426, bur Neustift).� m secondly (Riedenburg 7 Sep 1428) as his second wife, JOHANN Pfalzgraf in Neunburg vorm Wald und in Neumarkt, son of RUPRECHT III Pfalzgraf bei Rhein Herzog in Bavaria King of Germany & his wife Elisabeth von N�rnberg (Neunburg vorm Wald [1383]-Kastl, Oberpfalz 13 Mar 1443, bur Neunburg vorm Wald St Georg).

3. ELISABETH (-Heidelberg 5 Mar 1468, bur Kloster H�ningen).� Ulrich F�etrer�s Bayerische Chronik names �Margreta...die ander...Elysabeth� as the two daughters of �Hertzog Ernst des ietz j�ngst gemelten hertzog Johannsen sun� and his wife �Elysabeth von Mayland�, adding that Elisabeth married �dem hertzogen vom Perg�[755].� The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not been identified.� m firstly (Mainz 14 Feb 1430) as his second wife, ADOLF II Duke of J�lich Graf von Berg und Ravensberg, son of WILHELM VII Duke of J�lich and Berg & his wife Anna Pfalzgr�fin bei Rhein (-K�ln 14 Jul 1437, bur K�ln St Martin).� m secondly (Worms 4 Oct 1440) HESSO Graf von Leiningen-Dagsburg, son of FRIEDRICH [X] Graf von Leiningen-Dagsburg & his wife Margareta von Hachberg (-Munich 8 Mar 1467, bur Kloster H�ningen).� He was created �Gef�rsteter Landgraf von Leiningen� 1444.��

Duke Ernst had three illegitimate children by Mistress (1):�

4. MATTHEISS .

5. HANS .

6. OSANN .�

The reconstruction of the later Dukes of Bavaria has been copied from published secondary sources which appear to be reliable.� The information has not been verified against primary source documentation, unless otherwise stated.

ALBRECHT von Bayern, son of ALBRECHT III "der Fromme" Duke of Bavaria & his wife Anna von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen (Munich 15 Dec 1447-Munich 10 Mar 1508, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� Canon at Augsburg cathedral 1459-1468, resigned.� Priest at Habach 1461.� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1461-1466, resigned.� He succeeded his father in 1460 as ALBRECHT IV "der Weise" joint Duke of Bavaria-Munich.� in Ingolstadt und Landshut 1504-08.� He reunited most of Bavaria under one rule, and introduced the rule of primogeniture 8 Jul 1506.�

m (Innsbruck 3 Jan 1487) KUNIGUNDE Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor FRIEDRICH III & his wife Infanta dona Eleonora de Portugal (Burg zu Wiener Neustadt 16 Mar 1465-Munich 6 Aug 1520, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� The Necrologium Austriacum records the birth "1465 an sant Ruprechtstag" of Kunigunde, daughter of Emperor Friedrich III & his wife[756].�

Albrecht IV & his wife had eight children:�

1. SIDONIE (1 May 1488-Munich 27 Mar 1505).

2. SIBYLLE (16 Jun 1489-Heidelberg 18 Apr 1519, bur Heidelberg Heilige Geist).� m (Heidelberg Heilige Geist 23 Feb 1511) LUDWIG V "der Friedfertige" Elector Palatine, son of PHILIPP Elector Palatine & his wife Margareta von Bayern (Heidelberg 2 Jul 1478-Heidelberg 16 Mar 1544, bur Heidelberg Heilige Geist).�

3. SABINE (24 Apr 1492-N�rtingen 30 Aug 1564, bur T�bingen St Georg).� Sabine fled to the court of Bavaria in 1515, fearing for her life following her husband's crime.� Her brother Wilhelm Duke of Bavaria brought her children to her in 1519.� Even after her husband's return to W�rttemberg in 1534, she remained in Bavaria.� She returned to W�rttemberg after her husband died with their son Christoph.� m (Stuttgart 2 Mar 1511) ULRICH I Herzog von W�rttemberg, son of HEINRICH Herzog von W�rttemberg & his first wife Elisabeth von Zweibr�cken-Bitsch (Reichenweier 8 Feb 1487-T�bingen 6 Nov 1550, bur T�bingen St Georg). �

4. WILHELM (Munich 1493-Munich 1550, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� He succeeded his father in 1508 as WILHELM IV Duke of Bavaria.� m (Munich 5 Oct 1522) MARIA JAKOB�A von Baden-Sponheim, daughter of PHILIPP Markgraf von Baden-Sponheim & his wife Elisabeth Pfalzgr�fin (25 Jul 1507-Munich 16 Nov 1580, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� From her mother she inherited Sponheim-Kreuznach (Vordere Grafschaft), which she sold in 1535 to her uncle Bernard III Markgraf von Baden.� Mistress (1): �MARGARETE Hausner von Stettberg, daughter of ---.� Mistress (2): �---.� The name of Wilhelm�s second mistress is not known.� Wilhelm IV & his wife had four children:�

a) THEODOR (10 Feb 1526-Wolfratshausen 8 Jul 1534, bur Andechs).

b) ALBRECHT (Munich 29 Feb 1528-Munich 24 Oct 1579, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� He succeeded his father in 1550 as ALBRECHT V "der Grossm�thige" Duke of Bavaria.�

-�� see below.�

c) WILHELM (17 Feb 1529-22 Oct 1530, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).

d) MECHTILD (12 Jul 1532-Baden-Baden [1/2] Nov 1565, bur Baden-Baden Stiftskirche).� m (Regensburg 17 Jan 1557) PHILIBERT Markgraf von Baden-Baden, son of BERNHARD III Markgraf von Baden-Baden & his wife Fran�oise de Luxembourg heiress of Roussy and Pittingen (Baden 22 Jun 1536-killed in battle near Montcontour 3 Oct 1569, bur Baden-Baden Stiftskirche).

Wilhelm IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

e) GEORG von Hegnenberg gt Dux .�

-�� HEGNENBERG gt DUX.�

Wilhelm IV had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):�

f) ANNA (-1570).� m CHRISTOPH von Chamer, son of --- (-1548).

5. LUDWIG (Gr�nwald 18 Sep 1495-Landshut 22 Apr 1545, bur Seligenthal).� Provost of Freising cathedral 1506-1511, resigned.� Co-Regent of Bavaria 1516. �Ludwig had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:�

a) LUCRETIA von Leonsperg .� m JOHANN Albrecht Widmannstetter, son of ---.

6. SUSANNA (15 Jul 1499-Munich 1500, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).

7. ERNST (Munich 13 Jun 1500-Schlo� Glatz 7 Dec 1560, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� Coadjutor of Passau 1514, Administrator 1516-1540.� Provost of Eichst�tt cathedral 1521-1540 and 1547-1550, resigned.� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1530.� Administrator of Salzburg 1540-1554).�

8. SUSANNA (2 Apr 1502-Neuburg an der Donau 23 Apr 1543, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� m firstly (Augsburg 25 Aug 1518) KASIMIR Markgraf von Brandenburg, son of FRIEDRICH "der �ltere" Markgraf von Brandenburg & his wife Zofia of Poland (Ansbach 27 Sep 1481-Ofen an der Ruhr 21 Sep 1527, bur Kloster Heilsbronn).� m secondly (Neuburg an der Donau 16 Oct 1529) OTTO HEINRICH Pfalzgraf von Neuburg, son of RUPRECHT Pfalzgraf in Neuburg & his wife Elisabeth von Bayern-Landshhut (Neuburg an der Donau 10 Apr 1502-Heidelberg 12 Feb 1559, bur Heidelberg Heilige Geist).� He succeeded his uncle in 1556 as OTTO HEINRICH Elector Palatine.�

�

ALBRECHT von Bayern, son of WILHELM IV Duke of Bavaria & his wife Maria Jakob�a von Baden-Sponheim (Munich 29 Feb 1528-Munich 24 Oct 1579, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� He succeeded his father in 1550 as ALBRECHT V "der Grossm�thige" Duke of Bavaria.�

m (Regensburg 4 Jul 1546) ANNA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor FERDINAND I Archduke of Austria & his wife Anna Pss of Hungary & Bohemia (Prague 7 Jul 1528-Munich 17 Oct 1590, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).�

Albrecht V & his wife had children:�

1. KARL (Starnberg 7 Sep 1547-Munich 7 Dec 1547, bur Andechs).

2. WILHELM (Landshut 29 Sep 1548-Schleissheim 17 Feb 1626, bur Munich St Michael).� He succeeded his father in 1579 as WILHELM V "der Fromme" Duke of Bavaria.�

-�� see below.�

3. FERDINAND (Landshut 20 Jan 1550-Munich 30 Jan 1608, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� m (Munich 26 Sep 1588) MARIA Pettenbeck, daughter of GEORG Pettenbeck [Judge and Kastner at the Hague] & his wife Felicitas Simon (Munich 1574-Munich 1614, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau). �

-�� GRAFEN von WARTENBERG.�

4. MARIA ANNA (Munich 21 Mar 1551-Graz 29 Apr 1608, bur Graz St Klara).� She became a Clarissan nun after her husband died.� m (Vienna 26 Aug 1571) KARL Archduke of Austria Duke in Styria, Carinthia & Carniola, son of Emperor FERDINAND I Archduke of Austria & his wife Anna Pss of Hungary & Bohemia (Vienna 3 Jun 1540-Graz 10 Jul 1590, bur Seckau Mausoleum).�

5. MAXIMILIANA MARIA (Munich 4 Jul 1552-Munich 11 Jul 1614, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).�

6. FRIEDRICH (Munich 26 Jul 1553-Munich 18 May 1554, bur Andechs).

7. ERNST (Munich 17 Dec 1554-Arnsberg 17 Feb 1612, bur K�ln Cathedral).� Canon at Freising cathedral 1564, at K�ln cathedral 1565-1583.� Bishop of Freising 1566-1573.� Canon at W�rzburg cathedral 1566-1586.� Coadjutor of Hildesheim 1568.� Canon at Mainz 1571-1587.� Bishop of Hildesheim 1573-1581.� Provost at Magdenburg cathedral 1573.� Coadjutor of K�ln 1577.� Canon at St Lambert at Li�ge 1578.� Abbot of Stablo and Malm�dy 1580-1612.� Bishop of Li�ge 1581-1583.� Archbishop-Elector of K�ln 1583-1612.� Bishop of M�nster 1585. �Mistress (1):� GERTRUD von Plettenberg, daughter of ---.� Mistress (2):� MAGDALENA Possinger, daughter of ---.� Ernst had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):� ��

a) WILHELM (-Hollinghoven 10 Feb 1657).� Legitimated and ennobled ("von Bayern") by Imperial order at Prague 8 Nov 1600.� Freiherr zu H�llinghofen by Imperial Order at Prague 4 May 1610.� Provost of St Severin at K�ln 1637.� Abbot of Stablo and Malm�dy 1650/57.�

Ernst had three illegitimate children by Mistress (2): ��

b) FERDINANDA .� Legitimated by Imperial order at Prague 8 Nov 1600.

c) MAXIMILIANA (-after 1624).� Legitimated by Imperial order at Prague 8 Nov 1600. m (5 Feb 1618) FERDINAND de Billeh� de Vierset, son of ---.

d) ANNA KATHARINA .� Legitimated by Imperial order at Prague 8 Nov 1600.

WILHELM von Bayern, son of ALBRECHT V "der Grossm�thige" Duke of Bavaria & his wife Anna Archduchess of Austria (Landshut 29 Sep 1548-Schleissheim 17 Feb 1626, bur Munich St Michael).� He succeeded his father in 1579 as WILHELM V "der Fromme" Duke of Bavaria.� He associated his oldest son with the Government 1 Dec 1594, and abdicated 15 Oct 1597.�

m (Munich 22 Feb 1568) RENEE de Lorraine, daughter of FRAN�OIS I Duc de Lorraine & his wife Christina Pss of Denmark (Nancy 20 Apr 1544-Munich 22 May 1602, bur Munich St Michael).�

Wilhelm V & his wife had ten children:

1. CHRISTOPH (b and d Friedsberg 23 Jan 1570, bur Andechs).

2. CHRISTIANE (Munich 23 Sep 1572-Munich 27 Apr 1580, bur Andechs).

3. MAXIMILIAN (Munich 17 Apr 1573-Ingolstadt 22 Sep 1651, bur Munich St Michael).� Duke of Bavaria 1594, when he was associated with the Government by his father.� He succeeded his father in 1597 as MAXIMILIAN I Duke of Bavaria.� Elector of Bavaria 25 Feb 1623, awarded the electorate forfeited by his cousin, Friedrich V Elector Palatine, which was confirmed by the Peace of Westphalia 1648.�

-�� ELECTORS of BAVARIA.�

4. MARIA ANNA (Munich 8 Dec 1574-Graz 8 Mar 1616, bur Graz Mausoleum).� m (Graz 23 Apr 1600) as his first wife, her first cousin, FERDINAND Archduke of Austria, son of KARL Archduke of Austria, Duke in Styria, Carinthia & Carniola & his wife Maria Anna Pss of Bavaria (Graz 9 Jul 1578-Vienna 15 Feb 1637, bur Graz Mausoleum).� FERDINAND King of Bohemia 29 Jun 1617.� Crowned FERDIN�ND II King of Hungary 1 Jul 1618.� Elected Emperor FERDINAND II 28 Jul 1619 at Frankfurt-am-Main, crowned 19 Sep 1619 at Frankfurt-am-Main.�

5. PHILIPP WILHELM (Munich 22 Sep 1576-Dachau 18 May 1598, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).� Postulat of Regensburg 1579.� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1584-1598, at Mainz cathedral 1585, at Salzburg and W�rzburg cathedrals 1586, at Strasbourg cathedral 1586-1598.� Canon of St Gereon at K�ln 1588, at Passau cathedral 1590-1594, at Trier cathedral 1591.� Bishop of Regensburg 1595.� Cardinal 1597.

6. FERDINAND (Munich 6 Oct 1577/9-Arnsberg 13 Sep 1650, bur K�ln Cathedral).� Canon at W�rzburg cathedral 1585-1650, at Salzburg cathedral 1585-1638, resigned, at K�ln cathedral 1586-1612, at Trier cathedral 1587, at Passau cathedral 1588-1609.� Thesaurius at K�ln cathedral 1591.� Provost of Strasbourg cathedral 1591-1618, canon at Eichst�tt cathedral 1592-1602, resigned.� Papal House prelate 1593.� F�rstprovost of Berchtesgaden 1594, coadjutor at K�ln 1595.� Provost of St Cassius at Bonn 1596-1612, resigned, provost of K�ln cathedral 1598.� Canon at St Lambert at Li�ge 1601-1604, resigned, and 1611, coadjutor of Li�ge 1602.� Canon at M�nster cathedral 1609, coadjutor 1611.� Coadjutor of Paderborn, Archbishop-Elector of K�ln, Bishop of Li�ge and M�nster , Abbot of Stablo and Malm�dy 1612.� Bishop of Paderborn, Administrator of Corvey 1618.

7. ELEONORE MAGDALENE (Munich 7 Oct 1578-Landshut 18 Apr 1579, bur Seligenthal).

8. KARL (Munich 30 May 1580-Salzburg 27 Oct 1587, bur Andechs).

9. ALBRECHT (Munich 13 May 1584-Munich 5 Jul 1666, bur Alt�tting).� Landgraf von Leuchtenberg 1647-1650.� Herr zu Haag/Obb und Wiesensteig/Schw�bische Alb 1650-1666.� m (Munich 27 Apr 1612) MECHTHILDIS Landgr�fin von Leuchtenberg, daughter of GEORG LUDWIG Landgraf von Leuchtenberg & his wife --- (Pfreimd 15 Oct 1588-Laufen/Obb 1 Jun 1634, bur Alt�tting). �Albrecht & his wife had five children:�

a) MARIA RENATA Herzogin von Bayern (Munich 3 Aug 1616-Munich 1 Mar 1630, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).

b) KARL Herzog von Bayern (Munich 10 Nov 1618-Munich 19 May 1640, bur Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).

c) FERDINAND WILHELM Herzog von Bayern (Munich 25 Aug 1620-Munich 23 Oct 1629, bur Munich St Michael).� Canon at M�nster cathedral 1625.

d) MAXIMILIAN HEINRICH Herzog von Bayern (Munich 8 Oct 1621-Bonn 3 Jun 1688, bur K�ln Cathedral).� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1622, provost at Konstanz cathedral 1625-1653.� Canon at Salzburg cathedral 1629-1653, at Brixen cathedral 1629-1638, resigned, at M�nster cathedral 1629-1674, resigned.� Provost of St Gereon at K�ln 1638.� Canon of St Lambert at Li�ge 1641, Custos and Archdeacon 1642, deacon and coadjutor 1650.� Coadjutor of the diocese of K�ln and canon at Hildesheim cathedral 1642.� Provost at Strasboug cathedral 1643-1688.� Administrator of Hildesheim 1649, Bishop of Hildesheim 13 Sep 1650.� Archbishop-Elector of K�ln 1650.� F�rstprovost of Berchtesgaden and Bishop of Hildesheim 1650.� Abbot of Stablo and Malm�dy 1657-1660, resigned.� Bishop of M�nster 1 Sep 1683.�

e) ALBRECHT SIGMUND Herzog von Bayern (Munich 5 Aug 1623-Freising 4 Nov 1685, bur Freising Cathedral).� Canon at Konstanz cathedral 1631.� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1638, at Salzburg cathedral 1638-1657, at Augsburg cathedral 1638.� Coadjutor 17 Apr 1639, Bishop of Freising 20 Feb 1652.� Provost at Alt�ting 1661.� Provost at Konstanz cathedral 1653-1681.� Bishop of Regensburg 30 Jul 1668.� He died without having been ordained a priest.�

10. MAGDALENA (Munich 4 Aug 1587-Neuburg an der Donau 25 Sep 1628, bur Neuburg Jesuitenkirche).� m (Munich 11 Nov 1613) as his first wife, WOLFGANG WILHELM Pfalzgraf von Neuburg, son of PHILIPP LUDWIG Pfalzgraf und Herzog von Neuburg & his wife Anna Pss von Kleve (Neuburg an der Donau 25 Oct 1578-D�sseldorf 20 Mar 1653, bur D�sseldorf St Andreas).

Chapter 12.� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN

A.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN (10th CENTURY)

The title "Pfalzgraf von Bayern" first emerged in the later 10th century, and was passed through different families until 1248 when it died out with the last Pfalzgraf of the family of the Grafen von Ortenberg.� The role of the holder of the title "Pfalzgraf", of which there was only one in each of the original German provinces, is not known although it is possible that it related to a function at the ducal court similar to that of the palatine at the court of the Carolingian emperors[757].� Whatever the origin and original reason for the title, it became attached as an honorific to the name of the geographical base of the family who held it from time to time.� Thus, during the period when the Wittelsbach family were Pfalzgrafen of Bavaria the holders of the title were most frequently referred to in contemporary sources as "Pfalzgrafen von Wittelsbach" instead of the more strictly correct "Pfalzgrafen von Bayern, Grafen von Wittelsbach".�

1. ---.� m WICBURG, daughter of --- (-17 Mar ----).� The necrology of Seeon records the death "XVI Kal Apr" of "Wicpurch com hic iacet mater Hartwici"[758].� Although it is not certain that this entry refers to the mother of Pfalzgraf Hartwig [I], it would certainly explain the introduction of the first name "Wicburg" into the family of Pfalzgraf Aribo [I] if it was correct.� It is not possible that the entry refers to the mother of Pfalzgraf Hartwig [II] who is known to have been named Adela (supposed granddaughter of this Wicburg).�

a) HARTWIG [I] (-985).� Pfalzgraf von Bayern 977.� [same person as�?� HARTWIG (-after 3 Apr 965).� "Otto�rex" transferred property "qua�comes�Hartuuic de manu Vuarmunti comitis�in loco Grabanastat�in pago Chiemichouve in comitatibus Otacharii, Sigihardi ac Vuillihalmi comitum" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 8 Jun 959[759].� "Otto�rex" granted property "inter duos montes Curozton et Cozine�in pago Crauuati et in ministerio Hartuigi comitis" to "clerico Diotpert" by charter dated 13 Feb 961[760].� "Otto�imperator augustus" granted property "ad Vuirzsosah in partibus Karantanie in comitatu Hartuuigi comitis" to "episcopi Abrahe�suo vasallo Negomir" by charter dated 3 Apr 965[761].]� m ---.� Hartwig's wife has not been identified.� Pfalzgraf Hartwig [I] & his wife had one child:�

i) ADELA (-7 Sep after 1020).� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� The necrology of Seeon records the death "VII Id Sep" of "Adala com ux Aribonis" and her donation[762].� According to Wegener[763], she married secondly Graf Engelbert [III].� However, the Seeon necrology entry appears to exclude the possibility that this second marriage is correct.� m [firstly] ARIBO [I] Pfalzgraf von Bayern, son of Graf CHADALHOH & his wife --- (-13 Feb 1000).� [m secondly ENGELBERT [III] Graf im Chiemgau, son of SIEGHARD [V] Graf im Chiemgau [Sieghardinger] & his wife Willa --- (-1020).]�

B.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN 1059-1081 [PILGRIMIDEN]

KUNO von Rott, son of POPPO [II] von Rott & his wife --- im Ramgau (-27 Mar [1086]).� The Vita Sancti Marini et Anniani names "utriusque Popponis avi scilicet et patris eius [Chonradi alias Chuno comitis palatini]"[764].� von Vohburg [1040].� Pfalzgraf von Bayern 1059.� "Heinricus�rex" granted "comitatum Histrie" and "marchiam Carniole" to the church of Aquileia at the request of "ducibus autem Writizlao Boemie ac Liudolfo Carintie, Cuonone quoque palatino comite et Tieboldo marchione" by two charters dated 11 Jun 1077[765].� "Heinricus�rex" granted property "Beringen in pago Brisgouve in comitatu Cuononis palatine comitis" to Kloster Nieder-Altaich by charter dated 16 Aug 1079[766].� Graf an der unteren Isar 1079.� He founded Kloster Rott.� The necrology of Seeon records the death "VI Kal Apr" of "Chuno palatinus fundator"[767].�

m UTA, daughter of --- (-9 Feb ----).� The Vita Sancti Marini et Anniani names "Chonradus alias Chuno comes palatinus" as founder of the monastery of Rott immediately followed by "Werta fundatrix"[768], implying that the latter was Kuno's wife.� The necrology of Seeon records the death "V Id Feb" of "Uta"[769], although it is not certain that this refers to the wife of Kuno.� Wegener speculates that she was Uta von Diessen, daughter of Graf FRIEDRICH [III] & his first wife [Irmgard] von [Gilching], but his speculation is tenuous[770].�

Pfalzgraf Kuno & his wife had two children:�

1. KUNO [II] von Rott (-killed in battle H�chst�tt 11 Aug 1081).� Wegener cites a reference naming "palatinus comes Chuono et filius eius Chuono"[771].� Pfalzgraf von Bayern.� The Casus Monasterii Petrishusensis records that "dux Suevorum Fridericus et Couno palatinus de Fohiburch" were killed "de bello apud Hoste"[772].� m as her first husband, ELISABETH, daughter of ---.� The Vita Sancti Marini et Anniani names "Chuno iunior comes filius [Chonradi alias Chuno comitis palatine], Elizabeth uxor filii de Lotring"[773].� The reference in this text to "de Lotring" has not been explained, but could refer to Lotharingia.� The primary source which confirms her second marriage has not yet been identified.� She married secondly Ratpoto [V] Pfalzgraf von Bayern (-1099).�

2. IRMGARD (-14 Jun [1101]).� The Vita Sancti Marini et Anniani names "Irmgart filia [Chonradi alias Chuno comitis palatine], soror iunioris palatini"[774].� By charter dated 5 Sep 1073, marked "unecht" in the compilation, "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the foundation of Kloster Rott "in comitatu Arnolfi comitis" by "Cononis palatini", specifying that the latter had two children "Cononem�et Irmingardam"[775].� It is clear that the date of this charter must be incorrect as the document refers to the death without children of Kuno junior.� However, there is no reason to believe that the brief genealogical details recorded therein are incorrect.� The Fundatio Monasterii Berchtesgadensis names "mater comitis Perengarii, Irmingart" as founder of Berchtesgaden monastery[776], which confirms her marriage to Gebhard [II] Graf von Sulzbach.� The 14th century Deutsche Reimchronik of Kloster Kastel names �Yrmgart� as wife of �Grave Gebhart von dem Sultzpach�[777].� The more difficult question is to decide the identity of her other husband.� The Fundatio Monasterii Berchtesgadensis also refers to a second marriage of Irmgard after "patre comitis Perengarii defuncto" but does not name this second husband[778].� He was presumably the father of "fratris sui Cunonis de Horburc" who is named in the same source as co-founder of the monastery with his brother Berengar Graf von Sulzbach.� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "XVII Kal Jul" of "Irengardis com de Sultzpach sor n^a"[779], which suggests that she was still the widowed "Gr�fin von Sulzbach" when she died.� If this is correct, her other husband must have been Heinrich [I] von Lechsgem�nd, son of [Kuno Graf von Lechsgem�nd and his wife Mathilde von Horburg [Achalm] (-killed in battle near Mellrichstadt 7 Aug 1078), married as her first husband before Graf Gebhard.� This, however, contradicts the explicit, although incomplete, statement in the Fundatio concerning her marriage after the death of Graf Berengar's father.� �Another factor is the reference to "Cunonis de Horburc" occurring in the Fundatio after it names his brother Berengar, which suggests that he was the junior partner in the foundation and also the younger brother.� Until further information comes to light, it is assumed that Irmgard's Lechsgem�nd marriage was her second and that her husband must therefore be identified as Kuno von Horburg.� The Baumburg necrology entry must therefore be explained either because Irmgard had separated from her second husband before her death, reviving her previous title, or because the compiler of the necrology considered her first husband of more importance than her second and referred to her by his name.� The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "XVIII Kal Jul" of "Irmingardis com"[780].� m firstly GEBHARD [II] Graf von Sulzbach, son of --- (-[killed] [1085], bur Kloster Kastl).� m secondly KUNO Graf von Horburg, son of KUNO Graf von Lechsgem�nd & his wife Mechtild von Horburg (-1103 or after).�

C.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN [ARIBONEN] 985-1102

ARIBO [I], son of [CHADALHOH Graf im Isengau & his wife ---] (-13 Feb 1000, bur Seeon).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� It is assumed that it is no more than speculation, based on transmission of the name Chadalhoh to his son.� Pfalzgraf von Bayern 985.� He founded Seeon in 974 and G�ss in 999.� "Otto�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted privileges to Kloster Seeon founded by "Arbonis comitis" by charter dated 15 Apr 999[781].� The necrology of Seeon records the death "XVI Kal Mar" of "Aribo palatinus fundator hic iacet"[782].�

m as her first husband, ADELA, daughter of HARTWIG [I] Pfalzgraf von Bayern & his wife --- (-7 Sep after 1020).� The primary source which confirms her parentage has not yet been identified.� The necrology of Seeon records the death "VII Id Sep" of "Adala com ux Aribonis" and her donation[783].� According to Wegener[784], she married secondly Engelbert [III] Graf im Chiemgau [Sieghardinger].� However, the Seeon necrology entry appears to exclude the possibility that this second marriage is correct.�

Pfalzgraf Aribo [I] & his wife had seven children:�

1. HARTWIG [II] (-24 Dec 1024, bur Seeon).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified. �Pfalzgraf von Bayern.� The necrology of Seeon records the death "IX Kal Jan" of "Hartwicus fil Aribonis hic iacet"[785].� m FREDERUNA, daughter of RETING [Immedinger] & his wife ---.� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by Ekkehard who names "duo fratres Aerbo�et Boto paterno de sanguine Noric� gentis�Hartwici palatini comitis filii�maternum�stemma de Saxonia Immidingorum tribus�mater a Retingo filio Botonis filii Retingi de secundo Botone nati procreatur" when recording the death of her son "Boto comes cognomento fortis Aerbonis�germanus"[786].� She is named as wife of Pfalzgraf Hartwig in Europ�ische Stammtafeln[787].� The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified.� Pfalzgraf Hartwig [II] & his wife had two children:�

a) ARIBO [II] (before 1024-18 Mar 1102, bur Seeon).� His parentage is confirmed by Ekkehard who names "duo fratres Aerbo�et Boto paterno de sanguine Noric� gentis�Hartwici palatini comitis filii" when recording the death of his brother "Boto comes cognomento fortis Aerbonis�germanus"[788].� Pfalzgraf von Bayern.� Graf im unteren Salzburggau.� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" donated property "in locis Skeitdorf et Geroluingen�Aribo palatinus comes ad beneficium habuit in montibus Ratispone sitas et unum in pago Nortgewe in comitatu Heinrici comitis" to the church of Eichst�tt by charter dated 12 Mar 1055[789].� Graf von Haigermoos 1074.� He founded Millstatt.� The necrology of Milstatt records the death "XV Kal Apr" of "Aerbo com palatinus et fundator huius ecclesie"[790].� The necrology of Seeon records the death "XV Kal Apr" of "Aribo palatinus com hic iacet"[791].� m (before 1070) LUITGART, daughter of --- (-[22 Feb] ----).� 1066/77.� The necrology of Seeon records the death "VIII Kal Mar" of "Liukart com"[792].� Although it is not certain that this entry refers to the wife of Pfalzgraf Aribo [II], many entries in this necrology relate to members of this family and no other "Liukart com" has been identified among his relations to whom this could refer.� According to Wegener[793], Luitgard was the widow of Engelbert [IV] Graf im Pustertal [Chiemgau].� However, "Engilbertus comes" donated property to Brixen at the request of "fratris sui Hartwici�episcopi" for the soul of "Liudkarde coniugis sue"[794] which appears to confirm that Engelbert survived his wife.� Pfalzgraf Aribo [II] & his wife had one child:�

i) HARTWIG .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� He died before his father.�

b) BOTHO (before Dec 1024-1 Mar 1104).� His parentage is confirmed by Ekkehard who names "duo fratres Aerbo�et Boto paterno de sanguine Noric� gentis�Hartwici palatini comitis filii" when recording the death of "Boto comes cognomento fortis Aerbonis�germanus"[795].� Graf von Botenstein 1074.� "Heinricus�tertius Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the donation of property "villa Rounueld�in pago Vueringeon in comitatu Vueringeri" by "Boto Noricus natione vivens Bauarica�coniugis sue Iudith�" by charter dated 2 Sep 1094[796].� The necrology of Milstatt records the death "Kal Mar" of "Poto com et fundator huius ecclesie"[797].� m (1056) as her second husband, JUDITH von Schweinfurt, widow of KUNO [Konrad] Duke of Bavaria [Ezzonen], daughter of OTTO Graf von Schweinfurt & his wife Irmgard [Aemilia/Immula] di Susa (-[1 Mar 1104]).� The Annalista Saxo records that �Otto de Suinvorde� married "Emilias vel Immula seu Irmingardis...sororque illius Adelas dicta nupserat Ottoni marchioni de Italia", by whom he had �...Iudhita...� who married firstly �Cononi duci Bawariorum� and secondly �Bodo quidam nobilis�, giving birth by her second husband to �Adelheidem� who by �Heinricus dux de Lintburch� had �Walramonum ducem qui et Paginus dicebatur, et filias duas...�[798].� "Heinricus�tertius Romanorum imperator augustus" confirmed the donation of property "villa Rounueld�in pago Vueringeon in comitatu Vueringeri" by "Boto Noricus natione vivens Bauarica�coniugis sue Iudith�" by charter dated 2 Sep 1094[799].� Graf Botho & his wife had one child:�

i) ADELHEID (-after [1107]).� The Annalista Saxo records that �...Iudhita...� married secondly �Bodo quidam nobilis�, by whom she had �Adelheidem� who by �Heinricus dux de Lintburch� had �Walramonum ducem qui et Paginus dicebatur, et filias duas...�[800].� The identity of Adelheid�s father is indicated by the extract from Ekkehard and the charter dated 2 Sep 1094 quoted above.� A charter of Embricho Bishop of W�rzburg dated 10 Jul 1136 records that serfs (�Sasso et soror ipsius Gerberc...�) testified that �neptis ipsius ducis [=Ottonis de Svinfurde] domina Adelheit, filia comitis Bodonis et uxor ducis Heinrici de Linburc� had arranged the burial of �matrem istorum� at W�rzburg St Stefan[801].� Sigebert records that �Heinricus exdux� occupied Aachen in 1107 in opposition to the newly appointed �dux Godefridus�, that �Heinricus cum filiis suis� escaped but that �uxorem eius� was captured[802].� The question of her husband�s possible alternative ancestries is discussed in the document LIMBURG.� m HENDRIK [I] Graf van Limburg, son of [WALERAN [II] Comte d�Arlon & his wife Jutta [Judith] de Luxembourg] ([before 1060]-1119).� He was installed as HENRI I Duke of Lower Lotharingia in 1101.�

2. WICHBURG (-12 Aug or 5 Dec ----).� The necrology of Seeon records the death "II Id Aug" of "Wicpurch filia Aribonis"[803].� Another entry in the same necrology records the death "Non Dec" of "Wichpurch filia Aribonis"[804].� It is assumed that Aribo had two daughters of this name, the older one presumably dying young before the birth of her younger sister.�

3. WICHBURG (-12 Aug or 5 Dec ----).� The necrology of Seeon records the death "Non Dec" of "Wichpurch filia Aribonis"[805].� Another entry in the same necrology records the death "II Id Aug" of "Wicpurch filia Aribonis"[806].� It is assumed that Aribo had two daughters of this name, the older one presumably dying young before the birth of her younger sister.�

4. CHADALHOH (-11 Sep [1030]).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� Graf im Rottgau 1011.� "Henricus�rex" granted property "villis�in pago Rottgouui et in comitatu Chadalhohi comitis" to the bishopric of Bamberg by charter dated [1011/12][807].� Graf im Isengau 1027.� Vogt von St Emmeram in Regensburg [1030].� The necrology of Seeon records the death "III Id Sep" of "Chadelhohus fil Aribonis"[808].� m ---.� Wegener suggests that the wife of Chadalhoh [IV] was --- von Rott, daughter of Graf Poppo [I] & his wife ---, as the name Pilgrim passed to his son[809].� Graf Chadalhoh & his wife had two children:�

a) CHADALHOH (-30 Oct [1050]).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� "Preses Chadalhoh" donated property to Tegernsee monastery, naming "fratris sui Pilgrimi Archiepiscopi Coloniensis"[810].� �Graf im Isengau 1030.� Vogt von St Emmeram.� [It has been suggested that the following document relates to Chadalhoh Graf im Isengau[811], although the property donated was outside his usual area of activity in Bavaria: Archbishop Poppo of Trier confirmed the donation by "comitem Kadelonem et eius contectalem Irmingart" of hereditary property "de chorte Pr�mizvelt" by undated charter, dated to [1040/44], subscribed by "Duci Godefrido, Adalberto de Musel, comes Becelinus�"[812].]� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted property "forestum Heit�in comitatu Kadalhohi et Ozini comitis" to the church of Salzburg by charter dated 16 Dec 1049[813].� The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "4 Kal Nov" of "Chadalhoh com"[814].� The necrology of Seeon records the death "III Kal Nov" of "Kadelhohus com" and his donation[815].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "III Kal Nov" of "Chadlahoh com"[816].� m [ERMENGARDE, daughter of --- Graaf van Zutphen & his wife --- (-21 Feb [1076], bur [Rees]).� A manuscript transcribed in the mid-19th century records that �Irnigardis...filia comitis Zutphani�, cognata sanct� Irmtrudis, qu� quiescit in ecclesia Ressensi� reconstructed at her expense in 1040 the church of Rees which had been destroyed by lightning[817], which appears to refer to Ermengarde who is named below.� [Heinrich III King of Germany granted "in villis Harive, Vals, Apine, Falchenberch...in pago Livgowe et in comitatu Dietbaldi comitis" to "Irmingard�...nepti nostr�", at the request of �ducum Gozelonis filiique sui Gotefredi�, by charter dated 15 Feb 1041[818].� Kupper, indicating that this charter originated in the archives of Rees, suggests that the grantee was this Ermengarde[819].� If that is correct, her precise family relationship with Heinrich III has not been ascertained.]� [Archbishop Poppo of Trier confirmed the donation by "comitem Kadelonem et eius contectalem Irmingart" of hereditary property "de chorte Pr�mizvelt" by undated charter, dated to [1040/44], subscribed by "Duci Godefrido, Adalberto de Musel, comes Becelinus�"[820].� Vanderkindere suggests the possibility that this document refers to Ermentrude/Ermengarde, wife of Gozelon Comte de Montaigu (see the document LOWER LOTHARINGIA NOBILITY)[821].� It is more probable that the document relates to Chadalhoh Graf im Isengau[822].� Although the property donated was outside Chadalhoh�s usual area of activity in Bavaria, the reference to the same property in the 3 Aug 1101 charter (quoted below under Ermengarde�s possible sister Mathilde) suggests that this identification may be correct.]� Anno Archbishop of K�ln confirmed that "domna Irminthrudis comitissa" had donated "preposituram...in Ressa" to the archbishopric by charter dated to [1056/75][823].� A charter dated to [1074/87] records various donations to Admont including the donation made by "Irmgart comitissa vidua Chadilhohi comitis"[824].� Two charters indicate a close connection between Ermengarde and Bruno von Heimbach.� Hildolf Archbishop of K�ln confirmed various donations, including "Strala� [Stralen near Geldern] which after the death of �Brunonis� had defaulted to �domne Ermendrude", and �hereditariam partem...Flattena, Pirna et vinee in Winitre, Venheim� which she held �cum Brunone�, to the abbey of Siegburg by charter dated 1076[825].� Siegwin Archbishop of K�ln noted a donation of property �in Aspelo...in Resa, in Embrico, in Stralo...in Wezevelde...Winetre...� (the last-named for anniversaries after her death) by "Irmengarda comitissa" for the souls of �suis parentumque suorum in Resa quiescentium peccatis redimendis�, by charter dated [1079/89], witnessed by �Ruotger advocatus...Adelbrat comes, Adolph de Monte, Gerhart de Gulecho, de Saphenberch Adelbrecht, Hesse comes...�[826].� An epitaph at Bugeham records the death �die nono ante kal Mar� of �Irmingart�[827].]� Graf Chadalhoh & his wife had [one] child:�

i) [CHAZIL (-bur Eberndorf).� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� Graf [1090]/1100.� He founded Eberndorf.]�

b) PILGRIM (-25 Aug 1038).� "Preses Chadalhoh" donated property to Tegernsee monastery, naming "fratris sui Pilgrimi Archiepiscopi Coloniensis"[828].�� Imperial Chancellor in Italy 1016.� Provost at Bamberg Cathedral 1021.� Archbishop of K�ln 1021.�

5. ARIBO (-Como 6 Apr 1031).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted privileges to Kloster G�ss, naming "quidam Iuuauensis ecclesi� diaconus consanguineus noster atque cappellanus nomine Aribo�quod mater Adala�patre suo Aribone�eiusdem loci abbatissa Cunigundis soror prefati Aribonis", by charter dated 1 May 1020[829].� His precise family relationship with Emperor Heinrich II has not been traced.� Imperial chaplain before 1020.� Archbishop of Mainz 1021.� Wipo names �Aribo natione Noricus nobilis� archbishop of Mainz, adding that �Coloniensem...archiepiscopatum Pilegrinus� was �consanguineus Aribonis archiepiscopi�[830].� The necrology of Seeon records the death "VIII Id Apr" of "Aribo Mogontinus archiep fil Aribonis"[831].�

6. HILDBURG (-5 Aug ----).� The necrology of Seeon records the death "Non Aug" of "Hildiburch filia Aribonis"[832].�

7. KUNIGUNDE (-28 Sep ----).� "Heinricus�Romanorum imperator augustus" granted privileges to Kloster G�ss, naming "quidam Iuuauensis ecclesi� diaconus consanguineus noster atque cappellanus nomine Aribo�quod mater Adala�patre suo Aribone�eiusdem loci abbatissa Cunigundis soror prefati Aribonis", by charter dated 1 May 1020[833].� Abbess of G�ss 1020.� The necrology of Seeon records the death "IV Kal Oct" of "Chunigunt abb^a filia Aribonis"[834].�

D.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN [RATPOTONEN] 1082-1083

1. RATPOTO [V] von Cham, son of RATPOTO [IV] Graf von Cham [Ratpotonen] & his first wife Mathilde im Chiemgau [Sieghardinger] (-Regensburg 14 Apr 1099).� Wegener refers to the document dated 17 Jul 1072 relating to the renewal of Kloster Michaelbeuern which is witnessed by "Ratpoto senior et Uodalrich et iunior Ratpoto filii eius"[835].� Vogt of St Emmeram.� Pfalzgraf von Bayern 1082/83.� The Chronicon of Bernold records the death in 1099 of "Rapoto Palatinus comes de Baioaria"[836].� The necrology of Augsburg St Ulrich records the death "XVIII Kal Apr" of "Rapoto com palatinus"[837].�

E.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN 1110-1209, GRAFEN von WITTELSBACH

OTTO [III] von Scheyern, son of EKKEHART Graf von Scheyern & his wife Richgard of Carniola and Istria (-22 Aug [1123], bur Indersdorf).� Wegener cites a source dated [1095] which names "Otto filius Ekihardi"[838].� The Chronicon Schirense names "Otto et Oudalricus fraters de Schyren" specifying "postea castrum Wittelenspech possederunt"[839].� �Domnus Hodalricus advocatus ecclesi� nostr�� donated property �Imichinhovin...Zimuvafin vel Werda...� to Freising church, with the consent of �fratris sui Ottonis�, by undated charter dated to the late 11th/early 12th century, witnessed by �Otto frater advocati, iterum comes Otto de Sciren, comes Ekkiperht...�[840].� Graf von Scheyern.� Vogt von Fischbachau 1102.� Vogt von Freising: �Perchtoldo de Esgilbach� exchanged property with Freising church, in the presence of �Ottonis advocatis et filii sui Ottonis�, by undated charter dated to the early 12th century[841].� Graf von Wittelsbach 1115.� Pfalzgraf of Bavaria 1110-1120.� Otto Bishop of Freising confirmed an exchange of property, confirmed by �Otto Palatinus comes senior et filius eius Otto�, by undated charter, witnessed by �...Chunrat de Dahhove...Purchart de Moseburch...�[842].� He founded the Abbey of Scheyern [1119].� The necrology of Freising Weihenstephan records the death "XI Kal Sep" of "Otto com"[843].�

m ---.� The primary source which confirms the identity of Otto�s wife has not been identified.� It is possible that she was named Kunigunde, as the necrology of Undensdorf records the death "IV Id Jul" of "Chunegunt com"[844].� This necrology records almost exclusively members of the Wittelsbach family and this entry cannot be linked to any other known person in the family.�

Pfalzgraf Otto [III] & his wife had two children:�

1. OTTO [IV] (-4/5 Aug 1156, bur Ensdorf).� �Perchtoldo de Esgilbach� exchanged property with Freising church, in the presence of �Ottonis advocatis et filii sui Ottonis�, by undated charter dated to the early 12th century[845].� Graf von Scheyern.� Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach.�

-�� see below.�

2. daughter .� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� m OTTO [IV] Graf von Wolfratshausen, son of OTTO [III] von Diessen Graf von Wolfratshausen & his wife Lauritta --- (-killed in battle Pavia 10 Nov 1136).

OTTO [IV] von Scheyern, son of OTTO [III] Graf von Scheyern & his wife --- (-4/5 Aug 1156, bur Ensdorf).� �Perchtoldo de Esgilbach� exchanged property with Freising church, in the presence of �Ottonis advocatis et filii sui Ottonis�, by undated charter dated to the early 12th century[846].� Wegener conflates Graf Otto [III] and Graf Otto [IV] into one person[847].� Europ�ische Stammtafeln shows them separately[848].� The latter is more probable from a chronological point of view.� If it is correct that Graf Otto [III] was the son of Graf Ekkehard, he must have been born just before the death of his father in [1087/88], given the age of his mother.� On the other hand, Otto I Duke of Bavaria married in [1156/58].� The difference between these two dates would be unusually great if Duke Otto was the son of Otto [III].� No primary sources have so far been found to confirm the matter one way or another.� Otto Bishop of Freising confirmed an exchange of property, confirmed by �Otto Palatinus comes senior et filius eius Otto�, by undated charter[849].� Vogt of Freising Cathedral.� Vogt von Ensdorf, Ober Pfalz.� He founded Ensdorf Monastery in 1121, and Indersdorf Convent 1124.� Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach 1124.� Vogt von Geisenfeld [1130].� The necrology of Thierhaupt records the death "Non Aug" of "Otto com de Wittelspach"[850].� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "II Non Aug" of "Otto palatinus pater ducis"[851].� The necrology of Weltenburg records the death "II Non Aug" of "Otto palatinus com"[852].�

m HEILIKA von Pettendorf, daughter of [Graf] FRIEDRICH von Pettendorf & his wife [Heilika von Staufen] (-13/14 Sep 1170, bur Ensdorf).� The Fundatio Monasterii Ensdorfensis records the death "1170 XVIII Kal Oct" of "Heylice palatine", naming her parents "Fridericum et Heylwic" and specifying that they were all buried at Ensdorf[853].� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "XVIII Kal Oct" of "Hailica palatina"[854].�

Pfalzgraf Otto [IV] & his wife had [seven] children:�

1. OTTO [V] von Wittelsbach (-Pfullendorf 11 Jul 1183, bur Scheyern).� The Annales Pegavienses name "Ottonem palationum et Fridericum comitem" as the two sons of "Ottoni palatino de Witilinsbach" & his wife[855].� Graf von Wittelsbach 1147.� Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach 8 May 1149. �The document dated 17 Sep 1156 established the duchy of Austria is witnessed by "�Otto comes palatinus et frater eius Fridericus�"[856].� Vogt of Freising Cathedral 1158.� Vogt von Weihenstephan 1160.� Graf im Kelsgau 1161.� "Amalrico patriarcha (Hierosolymis)" confirmed a donation of property "pr�dium Othmanshart et Liuchenthal" to the Knights Templars by "Othoni palatino majori, per manum Friderici, palatini comitis, fratris eius", by charter dated 27 Apr 1168[857].� �Conradus junior dux de Dachowwe...per manum patrui sui Arnoldi comitis tunc advocati et tutoris pr�nominati ducis� confirmed that �Fritilonis de Isimannigne...in manum comitis Conradi de Valeje� had donated property to Freising by undated charter, witnessed by �Friderich Palatinus comes et frater eius Otto junior, comes Bertholdus, Heinricus Ratisponensis urbis pr�fectus...�[858].� Created OTTO I Duke of Bavaria, by imperial order at Altenburg 16 Sep 1180.� The Annales Schaftlarienses record the death of "Otto dux" in 1183[859].� The necrology of Windberg records the death "V Id Jul" of "Otto dux Bawarie"[860].� The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "V Id Jul" of "Otto dux Baiorie"[861].� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "V Id Jul" of "Otto dux Bavarie"[862].�

�� -�� DUKES of BAVARIA.�

2. FRIEDRICH von Wittelsbach (-15 Sep [1198/99], bur Indersdorf).� The Annales Pegavienses name "Ottonem palationum et Fridericum comitem" as the two sons of "Ottoni palatino de Witilinsbach" & his wife[863].� The Chronicon Schirense names "Fridericus" as one of the four sons of "Ottonem�palatinus comes", specifying that he was "pater monasterionem" and was buried "Enstorf"[864].� The document dated 17 Sep 1156 established the duchy of Austria is witnessed by "�Otto comes palatinus et frater eius Fridericus�"[865].� Pfalzgraf von W�rth 1156.� von Lengenfeld 1165.� "Amalrico patriarcha (Hierosolymis)" confirmed a donation of property "pr�dium Othmanshart et Liuchenthal" to the Knights Templars by "Othoni palatino majori, per manum Friderici, palatini comitis, fratris eius", by charter dated 27 Apr 1168[866].� �Conradus junior dux de Dachowwe...per manum patrui sui Arnoldi comitis tunc advocati et tutoris pr�nominati ducis� confirmed that �Fritilonis de Isimannigne...in manum comitis Conradi de Valeje� had donated property to Freising by undated charter, witnessed by �Friderich Palatinus comes et frater eius Otto junior, comes Bertholdus, Heinricus Ratisponensis urbis pr�fectus...�[867].� Graf von Kelheim [1170].� Monk at Indersdorf 1173.� The necrology of Freising Weihenstephan records the death "XVII Kal Oct" of "Fridericus palatinus com"[868].� m --- von W�rth, daughter of MANGOLD Graf von [Donau-]W�rth & his wife ---.� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� �Pfalzgraf Friedrich & his wife had one child:�

a) FRIEDRICH .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� 1196.�

3. ULRICH (-[1160]).� "...Ulricus prepositus frater palatini..." witnessed the charter dated 1179 under which �domini Ottonis Palatini comitis� renounced a donation to Kloster Roth[869].� Canon and Archdeacon at Freising Cathedral.� Provost at Innichen 1144.

4. KONRAD von Wittelsbach (-Riedfeld [26 Oct] 1200).� The Chronicon Schirense names "Chounradus, primo Magontinus episcopus, post Salzburgensis" as one of the four sons of "Ottonem�palatinus comes"[870].� Canon at Salzburg Cathedral.� Archbishop of Mainz 1161-1177, in exile from 1165.� Cardinal of San Marco 1165.� Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina and Bishop of Sora 1166-1200.� Archbishop of Salzburg 1177-1183.� Archbishop of Mainz 1183-1200.� "�duo fratres mei palatine Fridericus et Otto�" witnessed the charter dated 1189 under which Konrad [I] Archbishop of Mainz confirmed the rights of Nonnenkloster Weende[871].� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "VII Kal Oct" of "Chunradus de Witlinspach" and his donation of "predium Wrmhershoe"[872].� If this entry refers to Archbishop Konrad it is surprising that no reference is made to his archiepiscopal status.� However, no other known Konrad has yet been identified in the family to whom this could apply.�

5. OTTO [VI] von Wittelsbach (-18 Aug 1189, bur Indersdorf).� The Chronicon Schirense names "Otto�iunior dicebatur palatinus comes de Witilininspach" as one of the four sons of "Ottonem�palatinus comes", specifying that he was buried "Undinstorf"[873].� Vogt von K�hbach 1156.� He was installed as Pfalzgraf in 1180 after his brother had been created Duke of Bavaria[874].� The necrology of Thierhaupt records the death "XV Kal Sep" of "Otto de Witelspach palatinus 1200"[875], although the year appears inaccurate.� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "XV Kal Sep" of "Otto palatinus nr advocatus"[876].� The necrology of Weltenburg records the death "XV Kal Sep" of "Otto palatinus de Wittelinspach"[877].� m BENEDIKTA von W�rth, daughter of MANGOLD Graf von [Donau-]W�rth & his wife --- (-12 Feb or 6 Apr----).� Her parentage is confirmed by the necrology of Thierhaupt which records the death "Non Apr" of "Manegoldus comes de Werdea�pater Benedict� uxoris com Ottonis de Witelsbach"[878].� The necrology of Thierhaupt records the death "II Id Feb" of "Benedicta coniunx comitis de Wittelspach"[879].� The necrology of Weltenburg records the death "VIII Id Apr" of "Benedicta palatine"[880].� Pfalzgraf Otto [VI] & his wife had five children:�

a) UDALSCHALK .� The primary source which confirms his parentage has not yet been identified.� 1158/72.�

b) AGNES (-5 Mar ----).� 1172/1219.� The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines refers to the wife of "Albertum [filius comiti Alberto de Everstein ultra Coliniam]" as "neptem archiepiscopi Moguntini que fuerat comitissa Silvestris sororem scilicet illius comitis Ottonis de Withhelebac qui interfecit Philippum de Suavia"[881].� The primary source which confirms the name of her first husband has not yet been identified.� Another indication of her two marriages is provided by the charter dated 28 Jun 1253 under which [her grandson, son of her son by her first marriage] �Gerhardus...Maguntine sedis archiepiscopus� confirmed a donation made by [her son by her second marriage] �patruus noster Otto comes de Euerstein�[882].� m firstly GERHARD [I] Wildgraf und Graf von Kyrburg, son of KONRAD Wildgraf, Graf von Kyrburg & his wife Mathilde de Bar.� 1172/98.� m secondly ([1198/1202]) [as his second wife,] ALBERT [IV] Graf von Everstein, of ALBERT [III] Graf von Everstein & his wife Ryksa of Silesia (-19 Sep [1210/17]).��

c) HEILIKA (-13 Aug after 1189).� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "Id Aug" of "Heilika ducisse Pohemie"[883].� m (before 1176) KONRAD III OTTO Duke of Moravia, son of KONRAD II Duke of Moravia & his wife Maria of Serbia (-near Naples 9 Sep 1191).� He succeeded in 1189 as KONRAD I OTTO Duke of Bohemia.� ��

d) EUPHEMIA .� Wegener cites a source dated [1182] which records "Otto palatinus et uxor illius Benedicta et filia eius Euphemia fratres nostri facti sunt"[884].�

e) OTTO [VII] (-executed 5 Mar 1209, bur Indersdorf).� The date of his first betrothal suggests that Otto was one of his parents�s youngest children.� The Chronicon Schirense names "palatinus comes Otto iuvenis" as son of "Otto�iunior dicebatur palatinus comes de Witilininspach", specifying that he killed King Philipp[885].� He succeeded in 1193 as Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach.� The Continuatio Admuntensis names "Ottone palatino comite" as the murderer of Philipp King of Germany[886].� The necrology of Scheyern records the death "III Non Mar" of "Otto palatinus com iunior occisus"[887].� Betrothed [firstly] (1202) to BEATRIX von Staufen, daughter of PHILIPP King of Germany Duke of Swabia & his wife Maria [Eirene] Angelina ([1198]-11 Aug 1212, bur Braunschweig Cathedral).� The Annales Marbacenses record that one of the four daughters of King Philipp (first in the list) married "Ottoni postea imperatoris", having been first betrothed to "palatino de Witilisbach"[888].� Her betrothal with Otto von Wittelsbach was ended to enable her betrothal with a nephew of Pope Innocent III, being negotiated in Rome as part of the settlement arrangements with her father's rival Otto of Brunswick, which prompted Otto [VII] to assassinate King Philipp[889].� [Betrothed secondly ([after 1207]) to GERTRUD of Silesia, daughter of HEINRICH I Duke of Lower Silesia, Krakow and Greater Poland & his wife Hedwig von Andechs-Merano ([1200]-30 Dec [1268]).� The Chronica principum Polonie names "tres filios et tres filias�Boleslaum, Agnetem et Sophiam, sepultos in Lubens, necnon Henricum, Conradum et Girdrudim" as children of Heinrich and his wife, adding that Gertrud was betrothed to "palatino Reni, qui regem Almanie Philippum occidit" and later became "abbatissam Trebnicensem"[890].]�

6. [HEDWIG (-16 Jul 1174).� The Not� Diessenses record the death "XVII Kal Aug" of "Hadewic comitissa", specifying that she was buried "in capitolio"[891].� The De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses records the death in 1176 of "Hiadwigis uxor eius [=Pertoldi marchio Ystrie]"[892].� The necrology of Diessen records the death "1176 Kal Aug XVII" of "Hadewic com sepulta in capitolio�uxor Berhtoldi marchionis"[893].� Her origin is less clear.� Wegener refers to the testament of Friedrich Pfalzgraf von Wittelsbach which names Berthold II Graf von Andechs as his near relative and concludes that Hedwig must therefore have been Friedrich's sister[894].� However, there must be other possibilities.� m (before 1153) as his first wife, BERTHOLD [II] Graf von Andechs, son of BERTHOLD [I] Graf von Andechs & his first wife Sophia of Istria (-14 Dec 1188).� Markgraf von Istria 1173.]��

7. ADELHEID (-8/9 Feb ----).� The Not� Genealogic� Bavaric� refers to the wife of "Otto lancravius" as "filiam palatine de Witelinsbach"[895].� The necrology of Melk records the death "V Id Feb" of "Alheidis de Stefling s^o n^a"[896].� The necrology of Undensdorf records the death "VI Id Feb" of "Alhaeit com" and her donation[897].� m OTTO [II] Landgraf von Steffling, son of OTTO [I] Burggraf von Regensburg & his wife Adelheid von Pl�tzkau (-16 Aug [1175]).

The necrology of Undensdorf records the deaths "IV Kal Nov" of "Ulricus com", "II Kal Nov" of "Otto com", "II Non Dec" of "Otto com", and "Non Dec" of "Chunradus com"[898].� As most of the entries in this necrology relate to members of the Wittelsbach family it almost certain that these four records also refer to family members.� They cannot, however, be linked with certainty to any of the known individuals listed above.�

F.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN [SPONHEIM-ORTENBERG-KRAIBURG] 1209-1248

RAPOTO [II] von Ortenberg, son of RAPOTO [I] Graf von Ortenberg [Sponheim] & his wife Elisabeth von Sulzbach (-19 Mar 1231).� "Rapoto Comes de Ortenberch" donated property to St Nikolas, for the soul of "patris sui Rapotonis comitis" in the presence of "Heinrico fratre suo et Comitissa matre eorum", by charter dated to [1190][899].� "Elisabeth cometissa in Ortenberc" donated property to Bamburg, for the soul of "mariti sui Rapotonis", by charter dated 1194, witnessed by "Comes Rapoto et frater eius Heinricus in Ortinberch�"[900].� He succeeded his father in 1186 as Graf von Ortenberg.� Graf von Kraiburg 1202.� Pfalzgraf of Bavaria 1209.� The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "XIV Kal Apr" of "Rapoto de Craiburc palatinus"[901].� The necrology of Seeon records the death "XIV Kal Apr" of "Rapoto com palatinus" and his donation[902].� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "XIV Kal Apr 1231" of "Rapoto palatinus com Bawarie"[903].�

m UDILHILDE von Dillingen, daughter of ADALBERT [III] Graf von Dillingen & his wife [Heilika] of Bavaria (-after 19 Mar 1231).� The Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� refers to an unnamed daughter of "Albertus comes de Diligen" as "uxorem Rapotonis comitis palatini Bawarie"[904].�

Pfalzgraf Rapoto & his wife had three children:�

1. RAPOTO [III] von Ortenberg (-4 Jun 1248).� He succeeded in [1235] as Graf von Kraiburg, Pfalzgraf of Bavaria.� �Heinricus comes de Ortenberch� donated �castrum in Mura� to �uxori su� Reize et pueris� by charter dated 1238, witnessed by �Rapoto Palatinus filius fratris pr�dicti comitis�[905].� The Altahenses Annales record the death in 1249 of "Rapoto comes palatinus Bawarie ultimus"[906].� The necrology of Salzburg St Rudpert records the death "II Non Jun" of "Rapoto com palatinus Bawarie"[907].� The necrology of Baumburg records the death "II Non Jun" of "Rapoto com palatinus Bavarie"[908].� m ADELHEID von N�rnberg, daughter of KONRAD I Burggraf von N�rnberg & his [first] wife Clementia --- (-19 Oct 1304, bur N�rnberg Barf�sserkloster).� �Alheidis relicta quondam comitis palatini Bawarie Rapotonis et filia nostra Elizabet� founded Kloster Raitenhaslach, with the consent of �Friderici iunioris Burchravii de Nurnberch�, by charter dated 3 Jun 1254[909].� "Fridericus Burgravius de Nurenberg" exchanged property with the bishop of Eichst�tt, with the consent of "domine Elizabeth uxori nostre et Adelhaidi sorori nostre relicte Palatini Comitis de Ortenberch", by charter dated 8 Dec 1265[910].� The linking of Friedrich�s sister in this document suggests that she may have had an interest in the property in question and therefore that she and Friedrich were born from the same marriage of their father.� This suggestion is corroborated by the charter dated 8 Sep 1269 under which [her brother] �Fridericus burgravius de Nurenberc� donated �curiam suam in Oberndorf�, held in usufruct by �nobilis domina Alheidis quondam Palatina Bawarie ipsius Burcgravii soror� to Kloster Heilsbronn for the anniversary of �bone memorie matris sue Clementis�, with the consent of �uxoris sue Elyszabeth ac predicte sororis et trium quas tunc habuit filiarum�[911].� Pfalzgraf Rapoto & his wife had one child:�

a) ELISABETH (-after [1282]).� �Alheidis relicta quondam comitis palatini Bawarie Rapotonis et filia nostra Elizabet� founded Kloster Raitenhaslach, with the consent of �Friderici iunioris Burchravii de Nurnberch�, by charter dated 3 Jun 1254[912].� Her parentage and marriage are confirmed by a charter dated 1260 under which "Heinricus�Comes Palatinus Rheni dux Bawarie" donated property to the monastery of Niederaltaich and names "nepte nostra Elisabeth filia Rapotonis quondam comitis Palatini Bawarie et marito suo Hartmanno Comite de Werdenberch"[913].� Heiress of Kraiburg.� �Elisabeth relicta...quondam Hartmanni comitis de Werdenberch� sold property to Wettingen, with the consent of �filio nostro Ruodolfo comite de Werdenberch advocato nostro�, by charter dated to after 1282, sealed by �...filii nostri Hartmanni canonici in Babenberch�[914].� m ([26 Jun 1256/11 Jul 1258]) HARTMANN [I] Graf von Werdenberg, son of RUDOLF [I] von Montfort Graf von Werdenberg & his wife Clementia von Kiburg (-[29 Sep 1264/18 Feb 1267]). �

2. --- von Ortenberg .� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� m LUDWIG [IV] "der Junge" Graf von Oettingen, son of KONRAD [III} Graf von Oettingen & his wife Elisabeth von Gr�ningen (-[1250/51]).� Pfalzgraf of Bavaria 1250.�

3. ELISABETH von Ortenberg (-[25 Aug 1273/21 Dec 1275]).� The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified.� T Wittmann notes her as �eine[r] geborne[n] Gr�fin von Ortenburg�[915].� he necrology of Kaisheim records the death "VI Id Jul" of "Elizabeth lantgravia soror comitem de �tingen"[916].� It is not certain that this entry refers to the first wife of Landgraf Friedrich [II] but her sister was married to a Graf von Oettingen.� m as his first wife, FRIEDRICH [II] Landgraf von Leuchtenberg, son of GEBHARD [III] Landgraf von Leuchtenberg & his wife Elisabeth --- (-after 2 Jun 1284).�

Chapter 13.� �� ELECTORS of BAVARIA

The reconstruction of the Electors of Bavaria has been copied from published secondary sources which appear to be reliable.� The information has not been verified against primary source documentation, unless otherwise stated.

MAXIMILIAN Herzog von Bayern, son of WILHELM V Duke of Bavaria & his wife Ren�e de Lorraine (Munich 17 Apr 1573-Ingolstadt 22 Sep 1651, bur Munich St Michael).� Duke of Bavaria 1594, when he was associated with the Government by his father.� He succeeded his father in 1597 as MAXIMILIAN I Duke of Bavaria.� Elector of Bavaria 25 Feb 1623, awarded the electorate forfeited by his cousin, Friedrich V Kurf�rst von der Pfalz, which was confirmed by the Peace of Westphalia 1648.� Acquired Oberpfalz 1628.�

m firstly (Nancy 6 Feb 1595) his first cousin, ELISABETH RENEE de Lorraine, daughter of CHARLES III Duc de Lorraine & his wife Claude de France (Nancy 9 Oct 1574-Ranshofen 4 Jan 1635, bur Munich St Michael).�

m secondly (Vienna 15 Jul 1635) MARIA ANNA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor FERDINAND II Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia & Hungary & his first wife Maria Anna Pss of Bavaria (Graz 13 Jan 1610-Munich 25 Sep 1665, bur Munich St Michael).�

Maximilian I & his second wife had two children:�

1. FERDINAND MARIA Herzog von Bayern (Munich 21/31 Oct 1636-Schleissheim 16/26 May 1679, bur Munich St Kajetan).� He succeeded his father in 1651 as FERDINAND MARIA Elector of Bavaria.� m (contracts exchanged St Gall 23 May 1650, by proxy Turin Cathedral 11 Dec 1650, in person Munich 25 Jun 1652) ADELA�DE HENRIETTE MARIE de Savoie, daughter of VICTOR AM�D�E I Duke of Savoy & his wife Christine de France (Turin 6 Nov 1636-Munich 18 Mar 1676, bur Munich St Kajetan). �Ferdinand Maria & his wife had eleven children:�

a) MARIA ANNA Christine Victoria Herzogin von Bayern (Munich 17 Nov 1660-Versailles 20 Apr 1690, bur Saint-Denis).� m (by proxy Munich 28 Jan 1680 in person Ch�lons-sur-Marne 7 Mar 1680) LOUIS Dauphin de France, son of LOUIS XIV King of France & his wife Infanta do�a Mar�a Teresa of Spain (Fontainebleau 1 Nov 1661-Ch�teau de Meudon 14 Apr 1711, bur Saint-Denis).

b) child stillborn (Jun 1661).�

c) MAXIMILIAN MARIA EMANUEL Herzog von Bayern (Munich 11 Jul 1662-Munich 26 Feb 1726, bur Munich St Kajetan).� He succeeded his father in 1679 as MAXIMILIAN II EMANUEL Elector of Bavaria, minor until 1680.�

-�� see below.�

d) LUISE Herzogin von Bayern (Munich 18 Sep 1663-Munich 10 Nov 1665, bur Munich St Kajetan).

e) child stillborn (Regensburg Mar 1664).

f) LUDWIG Herzog von Bayern (Munich 6 Apr 1665-Munich 11 Dec 1665, bur Munich St Kajetan).

g) son (b and d Dachau 4 Aug 1666).

h) KAJETAN Herzog von Bayern (2 May 1670-Munich 7 Dec 1670, bur Munich St Kajetan). �

i) JOSEPH KLEMENS Herzog von Bayern (Munich 5 Dec 1671-Bonn 12 Nov 1723, bur K�ln Cathedral).� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1679-1688.� Coadjutor at Regensburg 10 Mar 1683, at Freising 27 Nov 1684.� Canon at Hildesheim cathedral 1684, at M�nster cathedral 1684-1719, resigned.� Bishop of Freising and Regensburg 4 Nov 1685, resigned from Freising 29 Sep 1694 and from Regensburg 6 Sep 1694.� Archbishop-Elector of K�ln Jul 1688.� F�rstprovost of Berchtesgaden 1688-1695.� Canon of St Lambert at Li�ge 1690.� Coadjutor of Hildesheim 8 Jan 1694.� Bishop of Li�ge 20 Apr 1694.� Re-elected Bishop of Regensburg 17 Feb 1695, resigned 26 Mar 1715 in favour of Klemens August Duke of Bavaria.� He was banished from the Empire 29 Apr 1706, living in exile first in the Netherlands, later in France.� Ordained as a priest at Lille 24 Dec 1706.� He was restored to his properties by the Treaty of Baden 7 Sep 1714.� Bishop of Hildesheim 31 Dec 1714.� Mistress (1):� CONSTANCE de Grousselier, daughter of ---.� Joseph Klemens had two illegitimate children by Mistress (1):

i) JEAN BAPTISTE VICTOR Comte de Grosberg-Bavi�re (1706-after 1768).� m (1729) MARIE JOSEPHINE Baronne de Colins, daughter of ---.�

�� -�� COMTES de GROSBERG-BAVIERE.�

ii) ANTOINE LEVIN Comte de Grosberg-Bavi�re (1710-1757).�

j) VIOLANTA BEATRIX Herzogin von Bayern (Munich 23 Jan 1673-Florence 30 May 1731, bur Florence Santa Teresa).� m (by proxy Munich 21 Nov 1688, in person Florence 9 Jan 1689) FERDINANDO de' Medici Hereditary Prince of Tuscany, (-31 Oct 1713, bur Florence San Lorenzo).�

k) child stillborn (1674).�

2. MAXIMILIAN Herzog von Bayern (Munich 30 Sep 1638-T�rkheim, Swabia 20 Mar 1705, bur Munich St Michael).� His father created him Landgraf von Leuchtenberg 5 Jun 1650, which after his death reverted to the Electorate of Bavaria.� m (Ch�teau-Thierry 24 Apr 1668) MAURICIENNE FEBRONIE de la Tour Mademoiselle de Bouillon dite Pss d'Evreux, daughter of FREDERIC MAURICE de La Tour Duc de Bouillon, Prince de Sedan, Duc d'Albret et de Ch�teau-Thierry & his wife El�onore Catherine F�bronie Ctss de Berghes ([Paris/Ch�teau-Thierry] 12 Apr 1652-T�rkheim 20 Jun 1706, bur Munich St Michael).�

MAXIMILIAN MARIA EMANUEL Herzog von Bayern, son of FERDINAND MARIA Elector of Bavaria & his wife Ad�la�de Henriette Marie Pss de Savoie (Munich 11 Jul 1662-Munich 26 Feb 1726, bur Munich St Kajetan).� He succeeded his father in 1679 as MAXIMILIAN II EMANUEL Elector of Bavaria, minor until 1680.� Stadhouder in Holland 1691.� He was banished from the Empire from 1705 to 1714.�

m firstly (Vienna 15 Jul 1685) MARIA ANTONIA Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor LEOPOLD I & his first wife Infanta do�a Margareta Maria Teresa of Spain (Vienna 18 Jan 1669-Vienna 24 Dec 1692, Vienna Kapuzinergruft).�

m secondly (by proxy Warsaw 15 Aug 1694, in person Wesel 2 Jan 1695) TERESA KUNEGUNDA Sobieska Pss of Poland, daughter of JAN III Sobieski King of Poland & his wife Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d�Arquien (Warsaw 4 Mar 1676-Venice 11 Mar 1730, bur Munich St Kajetan).�

Mistress (1):� AGNES FRAN�OISE de Louchier, daughter of ---.�

Mistress (2):� ---.� The name of Maximilian II Emanuel�s second mistress is not known.�

Maximilian II Emanuel & his first wife had three children:

1. LEOPOLD FERDINAND (Munich 22 May 1689-Munich 25/26 May 1689, bur Munich St Kajetan).

2. ANTON (b and d 19 Nov Munich 1690, bur Munich St Kajetan).

3. JOSEPH FERDINAND LEOPOLD (Vienna 28 Oct 1692-Brussels 6 Feb 1699, bur Brussels St Gudula).� As the only surviving child of his mother, who was the only surviving child of her mother Infanta do�a Margarita of Spain, the only surviving full sister of the childless Carlos II King of Spain, Joseph Ferdinand was selected as a compromise candidate as heir to the Spanish throne.� Principe de Asturias.�

Maximilian II Emanuel & his second wife had nine children:

4. MARIA ANNA KAROLINE (Brussels 4 Aug 1696-Munich 9 Oct 1750, bur Munich St Clara).� Clarisse nun at Munich 1720.

5. KARL ALBRECHT (Brussels 6 Aug 1697-Munich 20 Jan 1745, bur Munich St Kajetan).� He succeeded his father in 1726 as KARL ALBRECHT Elector of Bavaria.� He was elected Emperor KARL VII 12 Feb 1742.� King of Bohemia 1741, crowned 7 Dec 1741.� m (Vienna 5 Oct 1722) MARIA AMALIE Archduchess of Austria, daughter of Emperor JOSEPH I Archduke of Austria, King of Bohemia and Hungary & his wife Wilhelmine Amalie Herzogin von Braunschweig-L�neburg (Vienna 22 Oct 1701-Munich 11 Dec 1756, bur Munich St Kajetan). �Mistress (1):� CHARLOTTE Freiin von Ingenheim, daughter of ---.� Mistress (2): �MARIA JOSEPHA Freiin von Morawitzky, daughter of --- (1714-1789).� Mistress (3): �JOSEPHA Gr�fin Fugger, daughter of --- (1719-1794). Karl Albrecht & his wife had seven children:�

a) MAXIMILIANA MARIA (12 Apr 1723-shortly after, bur Munich St Kajetan).

b) MARIA ANTONIA (Schlo� Nymphenburg 18 Jul 1724-Dresden 23 Apr 1780, bur Dresden Hofkirche).� m (by proxy Munich 13 Jun 1747, in person Dresden 20 Jun 1747) FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN Erbprinz von Sachsen, son of FRIEDRICH AUGUST II Elector of Saxony [AUGUST III King of Poland] & his wife Maria Josepha Archduchess of Austria (Dresden 5 Sep 1722-Dresden 17 Dec 1763, bur Dresden Hofkirche).� He succeeded in 1763 as FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN Elector of Saxony.

c) THERESIA BENEDICTA MARIA (Munich 6 Dec 1725-Frankfurt-am-Main 29 Mar 1743, bur 1805 Munich St Michael).

d) MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH KARL (Munich 28 Mar 1727-Munich 30 Dec 1777, bur Munich St Kajetan).� He succeeded his father in 1745 as MAXIMILIAN III JOSEPH Elector of Bavaria.� m (Munich 9 Jul 1747) MARIA ANNA Pss of Saxony, daughter of FRIEDRICH AUGUST II Elector of Saxony [AUGUST III King of Poland] & his wife Maria Josepha Archduchess of Austria (Dresden 29 Aug 1728-Munich 17 Feb 1797, bur Munich St Kajetan). �

e) JOSEPH LUDWIG LEOPOLD (Nymphenburg 25 Aug 1728-Munich 2 Dec 1733, bur Munich St Kajetan).

f) MARIA ANNA JOSEPHA (Nymphenburg 7 Aug 1734-Munich 7 May 1776, bur Munich St Kajetan).� m (Ettlingen 20 Jul 1755) as his second wife, LUDWIG GEORG SIMPERT Markgraf von Baden-Baden, son of LUDWIG WILHELM Markgraf von Baden-Baden & his wife Maria Sibylle Auguste Herzogin von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Baden 7 Jun 1702-Rastatt 22 Oct 1761, bur Baden-Baden Stiftskirche).

g) JOSEPHA MARIA ANTONIA WALBURGA (Munich 30 Mar 1739-Vienna 28 May 1767, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft).� m (by proxy Munich 13 Jan 1765, in person Sch�nbrunn 23 Jan 1765) as his second wife, JOSEPH Archduke of Austria King of Germany, son of Emperor FRANZ I & his wife Maria Theresia Archduchess of Austria Queen of Bohemia, King of Hungary (Vienna 13 Mar 1741-Vienna 20 Feb 1790, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft).� He was elected Emperor JOSEPH II 18 Aug 1765.� He succeeded his mother in 1780 as King of Bohemia and Hungary.�

Karl Albrecht had two illegitimate children by unknown mistresses: ��

h) LUDWIG Graf von Eschenbach (1719-1779).� Abbot of Ettal. �

i) MARIE JOSEPHA (1720-1797).� Gr�fin von Hohenfels.� Legitimated 1726.� m (1736) as his second wife, her paternal uncle, EMMANUEL FRAN�OIS Comte de Bavi�re Marquis de Villacerf, illegitimate son of MAXIMILIAN II EMANUEL Elector of Bavaria & his mistress Agn�s Fran�oise de Louchier (1695-1747).

Karl Albrecht had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

j) FRANZ LUDWIG Graf von Holnstein (1723-1780).� m (1757) his first cousin, ANNA MARIA Gr�fin von L�wenfeld, illegitimate daughter of KLEMENS AUGUST Herzog von Bayern Bishop of Hildesheim & Osnabr�ck & his mistress --- (-1783).�

-�� GRAFEN von HOLNSTEIN.�

Karl Albrecht had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):�

k) --- Graf von Helfenberg (1735-).

Karl Albrecht had one illegitimate child by Mistress (3):�

l) --- Graf Wachsenstein ([1739/40]-).

Karl Albrecht had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

m) --- de Wart.� Bavarian army officer.

6. PHILIPP MORITZ MARIA (Brussels 5 Aug 1698-Rome 12 Mar 1719, bur Rome Santa Maria della Vittoria).� Elected Bishop of Paderborn and M�nster 1719.��

7. FERDINAND MARIA INNOCENZ (Brussels 5 Aug 1699-Munich 9 Dec 1738, bur Munich St Kajetan).� m (Reichstadt 5 Feb 1719) MARIA ANNA KAROLINE LOUISE FRANZISKA Pfalzgrafn von Neuburg, daughter of PHILIPP WILHELM AUGUST Pfalzgraf von Neuburg & his wife Anna Maria Franziska Herzogin von Sachsen-Lauenburg (Reichstadt 30 Jan 1693-Ahaus, Westfalen 12 Sep 1751, bur M�nster Cathedral). �Mistress (1):� MARIA ADELHEID Gr�fin Spaur, daughter of --- (1694-1781).� Ferdinand Maria & his wife had three children:�

a) MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH FRANZ (Munich 11 Apr 1720-Munich 28 Apr 1738, bur Munich St Kajetan).

b) KLEMENS FRANZ de PAULA (Munich 19 Apr 1722-Munich 6 Aug 1770, bur Munich St Kajetan).� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1732-1742, resigned.� m (Mannheim 17 Jan 1742) as her first husband, MARIA ANNA JOSEPHA Pfalzgr�fin von Sulzbach, daughter of JOSEPH KARL EMANUEL AUGUST Erbprinz von Sulzbach & his wife Elisabeth Auguste Sophie Pfalzgrafn von Neuburg (Schwetzingen 22 Jun 1722-Munich 25 Apr 1790, bur Munich St Kajetan).� She married secondly (Jun 1780) Andreas Andr� (-Rieden am Obb 10 Jun 1807).� Klemens Franz & his wife had four children:

i) MARIA (b and d Munich 25 Sep 1748, bur Munich St Kajetan).

ii) son (b and d Munich 28 Jan 1753, bur Munich St Kajetan).

iii) MARIA (Munich 31 May 1754-Munich [1 Jun] 1754, bur Munich St Kajetan).

iv) daughter (b and d 25 Jun 1756, bur Munich St Kajetan).

c) THERESE EMANUELE (Munich 22 Jul 1723-Frankfurt-am-Main 27 Mar 1743, bur 1805 Munich Unsere Liebe Frau).

Ferdinand Maria had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

d) JOSEPH FERDINAND Graf von Salern (1718-1805).� m firstly (1753) MARIE MECHTILDIS Gr�fin von Toerring, daughter of --- (1734-1764).� m secondly (1766) JOSEPHA Graf von La Rosee, daughter of --- (-1772).

�� -�� GRAFEN von SALERN.�

8. KLEMENS AUGUST (Brussels 16 Aug 1700-Schlo� Ehrenbreitstein 6 Feb 1761, bur K�ln Cathedral).� Canon at Strasbourg cathedral.� Coadjutor of Regensburg 1715.� F�rst-Provost of Berchtesgaden and Bishop of Regensburg 1716-1719, resigned.� Provost of Alt�tting 1718-1721.� Bishop of M�nster and Paderborn 1719.� Canon at St Lambert at Li�ge 1720, canon at K�ln cathedral 1720-1723.� Archbishop-Elector of K�ln 1723.� Bishop of Hildesheim 1724.� Provost of St Paul at Li�ge 1725.� Bishop of Osnabr�ck 1728.� Hoch- und Deutschmeister of the Order of Teutonic Knights 1732.� Klemens August had one illegitimate child by an unknown mistress:

a) ANNA MARIA Gr�fin von L�wenfeld (-1783).� m (1757) her first cousin, FRANZ LUDWIG Graf von Holnstein, illegitimate son of KARL ALBRECHT Elector of Bavaria [Emperor KARL VII] & his mistress Charlotte Freiin von Ingenheim (1723-1780).

9. WILHELM (Schleissheim 12 Jul 1701-Munich 12 Feb 1703, bur Munich St Kajetan).

10. ALOIS JOHANN CHRISTOPH (Munich 21 Jun 1702-Munich 18 Jun 1705, bur Munich St Kajetan).

11. JOHANN THEODOR (Munich 3 Sep 1703-Li�ge 27 Jan 1763, bur Li�ge St Lambert).� Bishop of Regensburg 1719.� Canon at K�ln cathedral 1720.� Coadjutor of Freising 1723, Bishop of Freising 1727.� Canon of St Lambert at Li�ge 1740.� Cardinal 1743.� Bishop of Li�ge 1744.� Canon at Augsburg cathedral [1746].� F�rstprovost of Berchtesgaden and Provost of Alt�ting 1759.

12. MAXIMILIAN EMANUEL (Munich 21 Dec 1704-[18] Feb 1709, bur Munich St Kajetan).

Maximilian II Emanuel had one illegitimate child by Mistress (1):�

13. EMMANUEL FRAN�OIS Comte de Bavi�re (1695-1747).� Marquis de Villacerf.� m firstly (1725) --- Phelypeaux, daughter of ---.� m secondly (1736) his niece, MARIA JOSEPHA Gr�fin von Hohenfels, illegitimate daughter of KARL ALBRECHT Elector of Bavaria [Emperor KARL VII] & his mistress --- (1720-1797).� Emanuel Fran�ois & his second wife had one child:�

a) MARIE AMELIE Marquise de Villacerf (1744-1820).� m (1761) ARMAND Marquis d'Hautefort, son of --- (-1805).

Maximilian II Emanuel had one illegitimate child by Mistress (2):�

14. MARIA JOSEPHA von Sionsperg (1723-after 1729).

Chapter 14.� KINGS of BAVARIA

The reconstruction of the Kings of Bavaria has been copied from published secondary sources which appear to be reliable.� The information has not been verified against primary source documentation, unless otherwise stated.

MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH Pfalzgraf von Zweibr�cken, son of FRIEDRICH-MICHAEL Pfalzgraf von Birkenfeld und Bischweiler, Graf von Rappoltstein & his wife Maria Franziska Dorothea Pfalzgrafn von Sulzbach (Mannheim 27 May 1756-Schlo� Nymphenburg 23 Oct 1825, bur Munich Theatinerkirche).� Graf von Rappoltstein 1778.� Mar�chal de Camp in the French Army.� General of Cavalry in the Bavarian Army 1790.� He succeeded his brother Karl III in 1795 as MAXIMILIAN III JOSEPH Herzog von Zweibr�cken.� He succeeded his distant cousin Karl Theodor as Elector of Bavaria in 1799.� Lieutenant General of Cavalry in the Prussian Army 1799.� He assumed the title MAXIMILIAN I JOSEPH King of Bavaria 26 Dec 1805.�

m firstly (Darmstadt 30 Sep 1785) AUGUSTE WILHELMINE Pss von Hessen-Darmstadt, daughter of GEORG WILHELM Prinz von Hessen-Darmstadt & Luise Gr�fin von Leiningen-Dachsburg (Darmstadt 14 Apr 1765-Rohrbach-am-Neckar 30 Mar 1796, bur Darmstadt Schlo�kirche).�

m secondly (Karlsruhe 9 Mar 1797) KAROLINE Pss von Baden, daughter of KARL LUDWIG Erbmarkgraf von Baden & his wife Amalie Friederike Amalie Landgr�fin von Hessen-Darmstadt (Karlsruhe 13 Jul 1776-Munich 13 Nov 1841, bur Munich Theatinerkirche).

Maximilian I Joseph & his first wife had five children:

1. LUDWIG AUGUST Prinz von Zweibr�cken (Strasbourg 25 Aug 1786-Nice 29 Feb 1868, bur Munich St Bonifaz).� Erbherzog von Zweibr�cken from his father�s accession as Herzog von Zweibr�cken 1795.� Prince of Bavaria 1799.� Crown Prince of Bavaria 1805.� He succeeded his father in 1825 as LUDWIG I King of Bavaria.� He abdicated 20 Mar 1848 in favour of his son Maximilian II.� m (Munich 12 Oct 1810) THERESE Pss von Sachsen-Hildburghausen, daughter of FRIEDRICH Herzog von Sachsen-Hildburghausen & his wife Charlotte Herzogin zu Mecklenburg (Jagdschlo�, Hildburghausen 8 Jul 1792-Munich 26 Oct 1854, bur Munich St Bonifaz).

-�� KINGS of BAVARIA 1848-1918.�

2. AUGUSTE AMALIA Pss von Zweibr�cken (Strasbourg 21 Jun 1788-Munich 13 May 1851, bur Munich St Michael).� Pss of Bavaria from 1799.� m (Munich 14 Jan 1806) EUGENE de Beauharnais, Prince EUGENE-NAPOLEON, Viceroy of Italy, Prince Fran�ais, son of ALEXANDRE Vicomte de Beauharnais & his wife Jos�phine Tascher de la Pagerie (Paris 3 Sep 1781-Munich 21 Feb 1824, bur Munich St Michael).� Herzog von Leuchtenberg, F�rst von Eichst�dt 15 Oct 1817.

3. AMALIE MARIE AUGUSTA Pss von Zweibr�cken (Mannheim 9 Oct 1790-Darmstadt 24 Jan 1794, bur Darmstadt Evangelische Stadtkirche).�

4. CHARLOTTE AUGUSTE Pss von Zweibr�cken (Mannheim 8 Feb 1792-Vienna 9 Feb 1873, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft).� Pss of Bavaria from 1799.� Charlotte Auguste took the name KAROLINE AUGUSTE on her second marriage to Emperor Franz.� m firstly (Munich 8 Jun 1808, divorced Stuttgart 31 Aug 1814) as his first wife, WILHELM Crown Prince of W�rttemberg, son of --- (L�bben 27 Sep 1781-Schlo� Rosenstein 25 Jun 1864, bur Stuttgart Grabkapelle auf dem W�rttemberg).� He succeeded in 1816 as WILHELM I King of W�rttemberg.� m secondly (by proxy Munich 29 Oct 1816 in person Vienna 10 Nov 1816) as his fourth wife, FRANZ I Emperor of Austria, son of Emperor LEOPOLD II Archduke of Austria & his wife Infanta do�a Mar�a Luisa de Borb�n y Sajonia (Florence 12 Feb 1768-Vienna 2 Mar 1835, bur Vienna Kapuzinergruft). �

5. KARL THEODOR Prinz von Zweibr�cken (Munich 7 Jul 1795-Tegernsee 16 Aug 1875, bur S�cking).� Pr of Bavaria from 1799.� Field Marshall and Inspector General of the Bavarian Army 1841.� General of Cavalry in the Prussian Army 1843.� He died after falling from his horse.� m firstly (morganatically 1 Oct 1823) MARIA ANNA SOPHIA Petin, daughter of MAURITIUS Petin (lieutenant in the Palatinate) & his wife Maria Theodora von Branca (27 Jul 1796-Tegernsee 22 Feb 1838, bur Starnberg).� She was created 1 Oct 1823 Freifrau von Bayrstorff.� m secondly (morganatically, 7 May 1859) as her second husband, HENRIETTE Schoeller, widow of LUDWIG H�lken, daughter of HEINRICH Schoeller [Royal secretary] & his wife Katherina Mayr (27 Dec 1815-Tegernsee 20 Apr 1866, bur S�cking, Starnberg). She was created Frau von Frankenburg 20 May 1859.� children of first marriage:

a) CAROLINE SOPHIE Petin (Munich 17 Oct 1816-Munich 25 May 1889).� She was baptised (Munich 17 Oct 1816) under the fictitious name �Caroline Sophie Hornberg, daughter of Karl Hornberg (Counsellor at the court of Sachsen-Eisenach) & his wife Sophie n�e Theuer�.� Legitimated by the subsequent marriage of her parents.� Ennobled as �von Bayrstorff� 2 Oct 1823.� Gr�fin von Bayrstorff 19 May 1841.� m (Munich 1 May 1834) ADOLF Freiherr von Gumppenberg, son of --- (Munich 24 Feb 1804-Munich 16 Dec 1877).

b) MAXIMILIANE THEODORE Petin (Munich 30 Sep 1823-Munich 19 Mar 1885).� Legitimated by the subsequent marriage of her parents.� Ennobled as �von Bayrstorff� 2 Oct 1823.� Gr�fin von Bayrstorff 19 May 1841.� m (Munich 7 Jul 1841) AUGUST Graf von Drechsel zu Deufstetten, son of --- (Munich 28 Mar 1810-Munich 20 May 1880).

c) FRANZISKA SOPHIE von Bayrstorff (Munich 10 Oct 1827-Starnberg 2 Mar 1912).� Gr�fin von Bayrstorff 19 May 1841.� m (Tegernsee 7 Jul 1845) PAULO MARTINS de Almeida, son of --- (Rio de Janeiro 18 Jun 1806-Munich 5 Apr 1874). Visconde de Almeida (in Brazil) 14 Mar 1846.� Grandee of the Empire of Brazil 24 Jul 1872.

Maximilian I Joseph & his second wife had eight children:

6. son stillborn (Munich 5 Sep 1799).

7. MAXIMILIAN Prince of Bavaria (Amberg 28 Oct 1800-Munich 12 Feb 1803, bur Munich Theatinerkirche).

8. ELISABETH LUDOVIKA Pss of Bavaria (Munich 13 Nov 1801-Dresden 14 Dec 1873, bur Potsdam Friedenskirche).� m (Berlin 29 Nov 1823) FRIEDRICH WILHELM Crown Prince of Prussia, son of FRIEDRICH WILHELM III King of Prussia & his first wife Luise Pss von Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Berlin 15 Oct 1795-Sans Souci 2 Jan 1861, bur Potsdam Friedenskirche).� He succeeded as in 1840 as FRIEDRICH WILHELM IV King of Prussia.

9. AMALIE AUGUSTE Pss of Bavaria (Munich 13 Nov 1801-Dresden 8 Nov 1877, bur Dresden Hofkirche).� m (by proxy Munich 10 Nov 1822 in person Dresden 21 Nov 1822) JOHANN Prince of Saxony, son of MAXIMILIAN Prince of Saxony & his first wife Donna Carolina di Borbone Pss of Parma (Dresden 12 Dec 1801-Pillnitz 29 Oct 1873, bur Dresden Hofkirche).� He succeeded his brother in 1854 as JOHANN King of Saxony.

10. SOPHIE Pss of Bavaria (Munich 27 Jan 1805-Vienna 28 May 1872).� m (Vienna 4 Nov 1824) FRANZ KARL Archduke of Austria, son of FRANZ I Emperor of Austria & his second wife Donna Maria Teresa di Borbone Pss of Two Sicilies (Vienna 7 Dec 1802-Vienna 8 Mar 1878). �

11. MARIE Pss of Bavaria (Munich 27 Jan 1805-Wachwitz 13 Sep 1877).� m (Dresden 24 Apr 1833, bur Dresden Hofkirche) as his second wife, FRIEDRICH AUGUST Crown Prince of Saxony, son of MAXIMILIAN Prince of Saxony & his first wife Donna Carolina di Borbone Pss of Parma (Dresden 18 May 1797-Brennbuchel 9 Aug 1854, bur Dresden Hofkirche).� He succeeded his uncle in 1836 as FRIEDRICH AUGUST II King of Saxony.

12. LUDOVIKA Pss of Bavaria (Munich 30 Aug 1808-Munich 26 Jan 1892, bur Schlo� Tegernsee).� m (Tegernsee 9 Sep 1828) MAXIMILIAN Herzog in Bayern, son of PIUS AUGUST Herzog in Bayern & his wife Amalie Pss et Dsse d�Arenberg (Bamberg 4 Dec 1808-Munich 15 Nov 1888, bur Schlo� Tegernsee).

13. KAROLINE Pss of Bavaria (Munich 21 Jul 1810-Munich 4 Feb 1821, bur Munich Theatinerkirche).�

[1] Reuter, T. (1991) Germany in the early middle ages c.800-1056 (Longman), p. 57.�

[2] Jordan, K., trans. Falla, P. S. (1986) Henry the Lion: a Biography (Clarendon Press, Oxford), p. 12.�

[3] Jordan (1986), p. 129.�

[4] Jordan (1986), p. 129.�

[5] Jordan (1986), p. 130.�

[6] Jordan (1986), p. 130.�

[7] Fuhrmann, H., trans. Reuter, T. (1995) Germany in the high middle ages c.1050-1200 (Cambridge University Press), pp. 140 and 150.�

[8] Haverkamp, A. (1988) Medieval Germany 1056-1273 (Oxford University Press), p. 232.�

[9] Series Ducum Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 73.�

[10] Excerpta Altahensia 590, MGH SS IV, p. 36.�

[11] Excerpta Altahensia 590, MGH SS IV, p. 36.�

[12] Annales Ducum Bavari� 520, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[13] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 598, MGH SS IX, p. 767.�

[14] Origo Gentis Langobardorum 4, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 4.�

[15] Historia Langobardorum Codicis Gothani 4, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 9.�

[16] Pauli Historia Langobardorum I.21, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 59.�

[17] Thorpe, L. (trans.) (1974) Gregory of Tours: The History of the Franks (Penguin), IV.9, p. 202.�

[18] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 553, MHG SS V, p. 88.�

[19] Gregory of Tours IV.9, p. 203.�

[20] Fredegar, IV 2, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 124.�

[21] Liber Histori� Francorum 36, MGH SS rer Merov II, pp. 304 and 306.�

[22] Annales Ducum Bavari� 593, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[23] Origo Gentis Langobardorum 6, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 6.�

[24] Fredegar, IV, 34, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 134, "ad ventrem purgandum in faldaone sedebat, sagitta saucius moritur".�

[25] Pauli Historia Langobardorum IV.40, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 133.�

[26] Fredegar, IV, 34, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 134.�

[27] Fredegar, IV, 34, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 134.�

[28] Fredegar, IV, 34, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 134.�

[29] Fredegar, IV, 51, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 145.�

[30] Pauli Historia Langobardorum IV.48, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 136.�

[31] Fredegar, IV, 34, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 133.�

[32] Origo Gentis Langobardorum 6, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 6.�

[33] Pauli Historia Langobardorum III.30, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 109.�

[34] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 600, MGH SS IX, p. 767.�

[35] Excerpta Altahensia 590, MGH SS IV, p. 36.�

[36] Pauli Historia Langobardorum III.35, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 113.�

[37] Annales Ducum Bavari� 590, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[38] Origo Gentis Langobardorum 6, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 6.�

[39] Andre� Bergomatis Chronicon 1, MGH SS III, p. 232.�

[40] Pauli Historia Langobardorum III.10, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 97.�

[41] Pauli Historia Langobardorum III.9, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 97.�

[42] Pauli Historia Langobardorum III.27, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 108.�

[43] Pauli Historia Langobardorum IV.10, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 120.�

[44] Pauli Historia Langobardorum IV.3, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 117.�

[45] Annales Ducum Bavari� 593, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[46] Pauli Historia Langobardorum IV.39, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 133.�

[47] Fredegar, IV, p. 43, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 146.�

[48] Vita Columbani I.22, MGH SS rer Merov IV, p. 95.�

[49] Fredegar, IV, 87, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 164.�

[50] Pauli Historia Langobardorum IV.37, MGH SS rer Lang I, p. 129.�

[51] Annales Ducum Bavari� 652, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[52] Series Ducum Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 73.�

[53] Excerpta Altahensia 590, MGH SS IV, p. 36.�

[54] Annales Ducum Bavari� 652, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[55] Series Ducum Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 73.�

[56] Annales Ducum Bavari� 652, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[57] Annales Ducum Bavari� 652 and 670, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[58] Series Ducum Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 73.�

[59] Annales Ducum Bavari� 712, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[60] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 716 and 718, MGH SS IX, p. 768.�

[61] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 718, MGH SS XXV, p. 625.�

[62] Monumenta Necrologica Monasterii S Erentrudis Nonnbergensis, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 61.�

[63] Monumenta Necrologica Monasterii S Petri Salisburgensis, 'Ordo Ducum Defunctorum cum Conjugibus et Liberis', Salzburg Necrologies, p. 26.�

[64] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 718, MGH SS XXV, p. 625.�

[65] Series Ducum Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 73. �

[66] Pauli Historia Langobardorum VI.44, MGH SS rer Lang I, pp. 179-80.�

[67] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 718, MGH SS XXV, p. 625.�

[68] Annales Ducum Bavari� 712 and 723, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[69] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 729, MGH SS XXV, p. 625.�

[70] Monumenta Necrologica Monasterii S Petri Salisburgensis, 'Ordo Ducum Defunctorum cum Conjugibus et Liberis', Salzburg Necrologies, p. 26.�

[71] Fredegar (Continuation), 12, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 175.�

[72] Series Ducum Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 73.�

[73] Annales Ducum Bavari� 733, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[74] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 739, MGH SS IX, p. 768.�

[75] Monumenta Necrologica Monasterii S Petri Salisburgensis, 'Ordo Ducum Defunctorum cum Conjugibus et Liberis', Salzburg Necrologies, p. 26.�

[76] Settipani, C. and Kerrebrouck, P. van (1993) La pr�histoire des Cap�tiens 481-987, 1�re partie, M�rovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens (Villeneuve d'Ascq), p. 169.�

[77] Annales Ducum Bavari� 712 and 723, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[78] Series Ducum Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 73.�

[79] Fredegar (Continuation), 12, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 175.�

[80] Annales Einhardi 741, MGH SS I, p. 135.�

[81] Fredegar (Continuator), 25, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 180.�

[82] MGH Diplomatum Imperii I, Diplomata Maiorum Domum, n^o. 14, p. 101.�

[83] Annales Einhardi 741, MGH SS I, p. 135.�

[84] Fredegar (Continuation), 12, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 175.�

[85] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 739, MGH SS IX, p. 768.�

[86] Series Ducum Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 73.�

[87] Annales Einhardi 741, MGH SS I, p. 135.�

[88] Fredegar (Continuation), 12, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 175.�

[89] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 739, MGH SS IX, p. 768.�

[90] Annales Ducum Bavari� 735, MGH SS XVII, p. 365.�

[91] Fredegar (Continuator), 25, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 180.�

[92] Annales Metenses 749, MGH SS I, p. 330.�

[93] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[94] Fredegar (Continuator), 25, MGH SS rer Merov II, p. 180.�

[95] Scholz, B. W. with Rogers, B. (2000) Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories (University of Michigan Press) (�RFA�) 748, p. 39.�

[96] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 749, MHG SS V, p. 99.�

[97] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 742, MGH SS XXV, p. 625.�

[98] Annales Metenses 749, MGH SS I, p. 330.�

[99] RFA 748, p. 39.�

[100] RFA 757, p. 42.�

[101] RFA 763, p. 44.�

[102] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 772, MGH SS IX, p. 769.�

[103] RFA 787, p. 66.�

[104] RFA 788, pp. 66-7.�

[105] Reuter (1991), p. 57.�

[106] Necrologium Weltenbergense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 369.�

[107] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[108] Einhardi Annales 786, MGH SS I, p. 173.�

[109] Einhard 11, p. 448.�

[110] RFA 788, pp. 66-7.�

[111] Fragmentum Walderdorffianum, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 369.�

[112] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 772, MGH SS IX, p. 769.�

[113] RFA 787, p. 66.�

[114] D Kn 18, p. 310.�

[115] D Arn 52, p. 74.�

[116] D Arn 75, p. 112.�

[117] Annales Fuldensium Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 895, MGH SS I, p. 410.�

[118] D Arn 132, p. 197.�

[119] Annales Fuldensium Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 895, MGH SS I, p. 410.�

[120] Annales Fuldensium Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 898, MGH SS I, p. 413.�

[121] D Arn 162, p. 245.�

[122] D Arn 162, p. 245.�

[123] Annales Fuldensium Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 895, MGH SS I, p. 410.�

[124] Annales Fuldensium Pars Quinta, auctore Quodam Bawaro 898, MGH SS I, p. 413.�

[125] D Arn 162, p. 245.�

[126] D Arn 162, p. 245.�

[127] Annales Ducum Bavari� 899, MGH SS XVII, p. 366.�

[128] D LK 9, p. 108.�

[129] D LK 20, p. 125.�

[130] D LK 28, p. 138.�

[131] D LK 31, p. 143.�

[132] D LK 53, p. 178.�

[133] Continuator Reginonis Trevirensis 907, MGH SS I, p. 614.�

[134] Annales Alammanicorum Continuatio Sangallensis altera 913, MGH SS I, p. 56.�

[135] Reuter (1991), p. 136.�

[136] D K I 23, p. 22.�

[137] Continuator Reginonis Trevirensis 907, MGH SS I, p. 614.�

[138] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 907, MGH SS IX, p. 771.�

[139] Reindel, K. (1953) Die bayerischen Liupoldinger 893-989 (Munich), p. 77, charter no. 48, cited in Reuter (1991), p. 130.�

[140] Liudprandi Antapodosis IV.30, MGH SS III, p. 326.�

[141] Reuter (1991), p. 151.�

[142] D O I 30, p. 116.�

[143] D O I 33, p. 119.�

[144] D O I 49, p. 133.�

[145] Annalium Ratisponensium Supplementum 949, MGH SS XXX.2, p. 746.�

[146] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[147] D O II 142, p. 158.�

[148] Annalista Saxo 983.�

[149] Warner, D. A. (trans.) The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (2001) (Manchester University Press), p. 83, footnote 65.�

[150] D O II 151, p. 169.�

[151] Thietmar, p. 132, footnote 22.�

[152] Thietmar 3.24, p. 146, and Annalista Saxo 983.�

[153] Thietmar 4.8, p. 155.�

[154] Reuter (1991), p. 185.�

[155] Redlich, O. (ed.) (1886) Acta Tirolensia. Urkundliche Quellen zur Geschichte Tirols. Band I. Die Traditionsb�cher der Hochstifts Brixen (Innsbruck) ("Acta Tirolensia Tome I, Brixen"), 7, p. 4.� �

[156] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[157] Ekkehardi, Altahense Annales 989, MGH SS XVII, p. 363.�

[158] Acta Tirolensia Tome I, Brixen, 7, p. 4.� �

[159] Wegener, W. (1965/67) Genealogischen Tafeln zur mitteleurop�ischen Geschichte (Verlag Degener), p. 78, although he cites no primary source reference.�

[160] nQ 8, p. 217 n 280, cited in Wegener (1965/67), pp. 138 and 165.�

[161] Continuator Reginonis Trevirensis 907, MGH SS I, p. 614.�

[162] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 907, MGH SS IX, p. 771.�

[163] Reindel, K. (1953) Die bayerischen Liupoldinger 893-989 (Munich), p. 77, charter no. 48, cited in Reuter (1991), p. 130.�

[164] D K I 3, p. 3.�

[165] Thietmar 1.26, p. 86.�

[166] Reuter (1991), p. 136.�

[167] Salzburg Annals, MGH SS XXX, 742: "The Bavarians again submitted themselves freely to Duke Arnulf and made him to rule in the kingdom of the Teutons [in regno Teutonicorum]", quoted in Reuter (1991), p. 139.�

[168] Annales Sancti Rudberti Salisburgenses 921, MGH SS IX, p. 771.�

[169] D H I 19, p. 54.�

[170] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[171] Libri Anniversariorum et Necrologium Monasterii Sancti Galli, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 462.�

[172] Wegener (1965/67), p. 72, and ES I 9.� She is not mentioned in ES II 188A or R�sch, S. (1977) Caroli Magni Progenies (Verlag Degener & Co, Neustadt an der Aisch).�

[173] Ignace de Coussemaker (ed.) (1883) Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cysoing et de ses dependences (Lille), n^o. 1 and n^o. 6, quoted in Settipani (1993), p. 257 footnote 458.� .�

[174] Annales ex Annalibus Ivravensibus Antiquis 934 and 935, MGH SS XXX.2, p. 743.�

[175] D H I 19, p. 54.�

[176] Wegener (1965/67), p. 73.�

[177] Reuter (1991), p. 151.�

[178] Annales Sangallensis 954, MGH SS I, p. 79.�

[179] Wegener (1965/67), p. 76.�

[180] Reuter (1991), pp. 155-6.�

[181] Not� Necrologic� Ecclesi� Maioris Frisingensis, Freising Necrologies, p. 79.�

[182] Annales Sancti Emmerammi Ratisponensis minores 951, MGH SS I, p. 94.�

[183] Gerhardi Vita S Oudalrici Ep 12, MGH SS IV, p. 402.�

[184] D O II 133, p. 149.�

[185] Wegener (1965/67), p. 148.�

[186] Wegener (1965/67), pp. 78 and 129.�

[187] Gerhardi Vita S Oudalrici Ep 12, MGH SS IV, p. 402.�

[188] D O I 171, p. 252�

[189] Estimated birth date range based on the assumption that she was of a similar age to her husband and bearing in mind that she gave birth to her first known child in [940].�

[190] Annalista Saxo 975.�

[191] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� II.36, MGH SS III, p. 447.�

[192] Gerhardi Vita S. Oudalrici I.28, MGH SS IV, p. 415. �

[193] Thietmar 2.41, p. 122.�

[194] D O I 431, p. 584.�

[195] Thietmar 3.5, p. 150.�

[196] Necrologium Monasterii Inferioris Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 273.�

[197] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[198] Thietmar 1.21, p. 83.�

[199] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[200] Wegener (1965/67), p. 77.�

[201] Gerhardi Vita S. Oudalrici I.28, MGH SS IV, p. 415.�

[202] Gerhardi Vita S. Oudalrici I.28, MGH SS IV, p. 415.�

[203] Reuter (1991), p. 176.�

[204] Reuter (1991), p. 177.�

[205] Thietmar 3.5, p. 150.�

[206] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� I.31, MGH SS III, p. 430.�

[207] Annalista Saxo 975.�

[208] D H I 37, p. 71.�

[209] Thietmar 2.34, p. 117.�

[210] Thietmar 1.21, p. 83.�

[211] Thietmar 2.6 to 2.8, pp. 96-7.�

[212] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[213] Annalista Saxo 975.�

[214] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� II.36, MGH SS III, p. 447.�

[215] Gerhardi Vita S. Oudalrici I.28, MGH SS IV, p. 415.�

[216] Thietmar 2.41, p. 122.�

[217] D O I 220, p. 302.�

[218] D O I 431, p. 584.�

[219] Thietmar 3.5, p. 150.�

[220] Necrologium Monasterii Inferioris Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 273.�

[221] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[222] Thietmar 4.20, p. 165.�

[223] D O II 36, p. 47.�

[224] Gerhardi Vita S. Oudalrici 28, MGH SS IV, p. 415.�

[225] D O III 63, p. 469.�

[226] Annales Einsidlenses 994, MGH SS III, p. 144.�

[227] D O III 152, p. 562.�

[228] D O III 158, p. 569.�

[229] Widukindi Res Gest� Saxonic� III.44, MGH SS III, p. 458.�

[230] Thietmar 4.20, pp. 165-6.�

[231] Annalista Saxo 975.�

[232] D O II 138, p. 155.�

[233] D O II 208, p. 236.�

[234] Thietmar 4.20, pp. 165-6.�

[235] Annalista Saxo 975.�

[236] Continuator Reginonis Trevirensis 955, MGH SS I, p. 623.�

[237] Thietmar 3.5, p. 150.�

[238] Thietmar 3.7, p. 132.�

[239] Reuter (1991), p. 176.�

[240] Thietmar, p. 132, footnote 22.�

[241] Thietmar 3.26 and 4.1, pp. 148-50.�

[242] Thietmar 4.4, pp. 151-2, and 4.8, pp. 154-5.�

[243] Thietmar 4.8, p. 155.�

[244] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[245] Not� Sancti Emmerammi III, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1098.�

[246] Thietmar 4.20, p. 166.�

[247] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[248] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 995, MHG SS V, p. 117.�

[249] Abb� E. Bougaud (ed.) (1875) Chronique de l'abbaye de Saint-B�nigne de Dijon (Dijon), p. 188.�

[250] Thietmar, p. 132, footnote 22.�

[251] Vit� Heinrici et Cunegundis Imperatores Preface, MGH SS IV, p. 791.�

[252] Thietmar 6.29, p. 257.�

[253] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), Merseburg.�

[254] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), Magdeburg.�

[255] Annalista Saxo 1002.�

[256] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), Merseburg.�

[257] Nicholas, D. (1992) Medieval Flanders (Longman), p. 46.�

[258] Annales Necrologici Prumienses, MGH SS XIII, p. 219.�

[259] Annalista Saxo 1002.�

[260] France, J., Bulst, N. and Reynolds, P. (eds. and trans.) (1989) Rodulfi Glabri Historiarum Libri Quinque, Rodulfus Glaber Opera (Oxford) III.1, p. 95.�

[261] Thietmar 5.19, p. 218.�

[262] Annales Herbipolenses minores 1038, MGH SS XXIV, p. 828.�

[263] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[264] Monumenta Aquensia, Pars I, col. 24.�

[265] Wiponis, Vita Chuonradi II Imperatoris 2, MGH SS XI, p. 256.�

[266] Not� Sepulcrales Babenbergenses, MGH SS XVII, p. 629.�

[267] Mommsen, T. E. and Morrison, K. F. (trans.) (1962) Imperial Lives and Letters of the Eleventh Century (New York), "Wipo, On the election and consecration of Conrad II (1024)", from "The Deeds of Conrad II (Gesta Chuonradi II imperatoris)", reproduced in Hill, pp. 192-201.� .�

[268] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 995, MHG SS V, p. 117.�

[269] Annalista Saxo 1038.�

[270] Macartney, C. A. (1962) Hungary: A Short History (Edinburgh University Press), 1, Corvinus Library of Hungarian History, consulted at Corvinus Library of Hungarian History, consulted at <http://www.hungary.com/corvinus/lib/> (20 Jul 2003).�

[271] Bak, J�nos B. 'Queens as Scapegoats in Medieval Hungary', in Duggan, A. (ed.) (1997) Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe (The Boydell Press), p. 224 footnote 6.

[272] K�zai, S., Veszpr�my, L. and Schaer, F. (eds. and trans.) (1999) Simonis de K�za Gesta Hungarorum (CEP) 44, pp. 103-5.�

[273] Bak, 'Queens as Scapegoats', p. 225.�

[274] Domanovszky, A. (ed.) Chronici Hungarici compositio s�culi XIV, c. 69, SRH, I, 320, quoted in Bak, 'Queens as Scapegoats', p. 225.�

[275] Thietmar 7.2, p. 307. �

[276] Thietmar 7.67, p. 355.�

[277] Beyer, H. (ed.) (1860) Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien (Coblenz), Vol. I, (�Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch I�), 220, p. 278, consulted at <http:/www.rlb.de/mrHist/> (12 Dec 2007).�

[278] Annalista Saxo 1002.�

[279] Herimanni Augiensis Chronicon 1008, MHG SS V, p. 119.�

[280] Gade, J. A. (1951) Luxemburg in the Middle Ages (Leiden), p. 53.� This brother Adalbert is not given in .�

[281] Thietmar 8.18, p. 374.�

[282] Mommsen, T. E. and Morrison, K. F. (trans.) (1962) Imperial Lives and Letters of the Eleventh Century (New York), "Wipo, On the election and consecration of Conrad II (1024)", from "The Deeds of Conrad II (Gesta Chuonradi II imperatoris)", reproduced in Hill, pp. 192-201.� .�

[283] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1026, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[284] Necrologium Genealogicum Ranshofense, Passau Necrologies I, p. 424.�

[285] Vit� Heinrici et Cunegundis Imperatores Preface, MGH SS IV, p. 791.�

[286] Gade (1951), p. 54.�

[287] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses 957, MGH SS XIII, p. 198.�

[288] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1048, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[289] Necrologium Genealogicum Ranshofense, Passau Necrologies I, p. 424.�

[290] D K II 82, p. 110.�

[291] Wiponis, Vita Chuonradi II Imperatoris 35, MGH SS XI, p. 272.�

[292] Brunwilarensis Monasterii Fundatio 6, MGH SS XI, p. 398.�

[293] Annales Necrologici Fuldenses, MGH SS XIII, p. 123.�

[294] Annalista Saxo 1057 and 1083.�

[295] Haverkamp (1988), p. 110.�

[296] Fuhrmann (1995), pp. 62-3.�

[297] Annalista Saxo 1066.�

[298] Annalista Saxo 1126.�

[299] Jordan (1986), p. 4.�

[300] D H IV 304, p. 400.�

[301] Wirtembergisches Urkundenbuch, Band IV (Stuttgart, 1883) ("W�rttembergisches Urkundenbuch"), Anhang, Zwei Weingartner Codices, I, p. VIII.�

[302] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 84.�

[303] Jordan (1986), p. 6.�

[304] RHC, Historiens occidentaux, Tome IV (Paris, 1879), Alberti Aquensis Historia Hierosolymitana ("Albert of Aix (RHC)"), Liber VIII, Caps. XXXIV and XXXV, p. 579.�

[305] Albert of Aix (RHC), Liber VIII, Cap. XLIV, p. 583.�

[306] RHC, Historiens occidentaux V (Paris, 1895), Ekkehardi Abbatis Uraugiensis Hierosolymita (�Ekkehard�) XXVI, p. 32.�

[307] Necrologium Weingartense, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 221.�

[308] Jordan (1986), p. 4.�

[309] Annalista Saxo 1082.�

[310] Haverkamp (1988), p. 110.�

[311] Annales Stadenses 1105, MGH SS XVI, p. 318.�

[312] Annalista Saxo 1066.�

[313] Genealogia Welforum 9, MGH SS XIII, p. 734.�

[314] Forester, T. (trans.) (1854) The Chronicles of Florence of Worcester with two continuations (London), 1051, p. 152.�

[315] Barlow, F. (ed. and trans.) (1992) Vita �dwardi Regis: The Life of King Edward who rests at Westminster (Oxford Medieval Texts), p. 38.�

[316] Alberic de Trois Fontaines Chronica, MGH SS XXIII, p. 792.�

[317] Chibnall, M. (ed. and trans.) The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, Vol. III, (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1969-80), Vol. IV, Appendix I, p. 350.�

[318] Garmonsway, G. N. (trans) (1972) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (Dent), D, 1052 [1051].�

[319] W�rttembergisches Urkundenbuch, Band IV, Anhang, Zwei Weingartner Codices, I, p. VIII.�

[320] Bernoldi Chronicon 1094, MGH SS V, p. 457.�

[321] Necrologium Raitenbuchense, Freising Necrologies, p. 105.�

[322] Necrologium Weingartense, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 221.�

[323] Annalista Saxo 1076 and 1126. �

[324] Memorie Matilda, pp. 277-9, cited in Poull, G. (1994) La Maison souveraine et ducale de Bar (Presses Universitaires de Nancy), p. 56.�

[325] W�rttembergisches Urkundenbuch, Band IV, Anhang, Zwei Weingartner Codices, I, p. VIII.�

[326] Poull (1994), p. 58.�

[327] Jordan (1986), p. 6.�

[328] Necrologium Weingartense, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 221.�

[329] Genealogia Welforum, MGH, SS, t. XIII, p. 734.�

[330] Annalista Saxo 1076.�

[331] Bernoldi Chronicon 1089, MGH SS V, p. 449.�

[332] Annales Cremonenses 1115, MGH SS XXXI, p. 3.�

[333] Sicardi Episcopi Cremonensis Cronica 1115, MGH SS XXXI, p. 162.�

[334] Annalista Saxo 1126.�

[335] Annalista Saxo 1126.�

[336] W�rttembergisches Urkundenbuch, Band IV, Anhang, Zwei Weingartner Codices, I, p. VIII.�

[337] Jordan (1986), p. 6.�

[338] Jordan (1986), p. 7.�

[339] Jordan (1986), p. 7.�

[340] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 463.�

[341] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[342] Necrologium Weingartense, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 221.�

[343] Annalista Saxo 1070.�

[344] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 463.�

[345] Althoff, G. (ed.) (1983) Die Totenb�cher von Merseburg, Magdeburg und L�neburg (Hannover), L�neburg.�

[346] Necrologium Weingartense, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 221.�

[347] Annalista Saxo 1106.�

[348] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 121.�

[349] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 463.�

[350] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 463.�

[351] Annalista Saxo 1106.�

[352] Genealogica Zaringorum 4, MGH SS XIII, p. 736.�

[353] Zahn, J. (ed.) (1875) Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Steiermark (Graz) ("Steiermark Urkundenbuch"), Band I, 120, p. 136.�

[354] Diplomataria sacra Ducatus Styri�, Pars Altera (1756), I, p. 3.�

[355] Steiermark Urkundenbuch, Band I, 151, p. 155.�

[356] Steiermark Urkundenbuch, Band I, 175, p. 175.�

[357] Necrologium Admuntense, Salzburg Necrologies (Regio Styriaca), p. 287.�

[358] Necrologium Weingartense, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 221.�

[359] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 463.�

[360] Annalista Saxo 1106.�

[361] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 463.�

[362] Annalista Saxo 1106.�

[363] Moritz, J. (1833) Stammreihe und Geschichte der Grafen von Sulzbach (Munich), Vol. II, Erste Beilage, Lateinische Chronik des Klosters Kastel, p. 107.�

[364] Annalista Saxo 1106.�

[365] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 463.�

[366] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 127, and Haverkamp (1988), p. 142.�

[367] Haverkamp (1988), p. 145.�

[368] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 132.�

[369] Haverkamp (1988), p. 147.�

[370] Haverkamp (1988), p. 222.�

[371] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 163.�

[372] Necrologium Raitenbuchense, Freising Necrologies, p. 105.�

[373] Necrologium Weingartense, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 221.�

[374] Annales Sindelfingenses, MGH SS XVII, p. 300.�

[375] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 20, MGH SS XXI, p. 467.�

[376] Codex Hirsaugiensis (1843), p. 68.�

[377] Annales Sindelfingenses, MGH SS XVII, p. 300.�

[378] Codex Hirsaugiensis (1843), p. 68.�

[379] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 159.�

[380] Hugonis Ratisponensis Cronica, Fontes rerum Germanicarum III, p. 491.�

[381] Necrologium Weingartense, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 221.�

[382] Historia Welforum Weingartensis 15, MGH SS XXI, p. 463.�

[383] Annalista Saxo 1106.�

[384] Annalista Saxo 1138.�

[385] Continuatio Claustroneoburgensis I 1106, MGH SS IX, p. 610.�

[386] Haverkamp (1988), p. 142.�

[387] Fuhrmann (1995), p. 140.�

[388] Chounradi, Chronicon Schirense 21, MGH SS XVII, p. 621.�

[389] R�hricht, R. ed. (1893) Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani (Oeniponti) 446, p. 116.�

[390] Haverkamp (1988), p. 232.�

[391] Annales Schaftlarienses Maiores 1183, MGH SS XVII, p. 337.�

[392] Necrologium Windbergense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 383.�

[393] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[394] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[395] MB 9, 458, cited in Wegener (1965/67), p. 250.�

[396] Necrologium Scheftlariense, Freising Necrologies, p. 116.�

[397] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[398] Necrologium Weltenburgense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 369.�

[399] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[400] Necrologium Weltenburgense, Freising Necrologies, p. 369.�

[401] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[402] Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� et Agnetis Duciss�, MGH SS XVII, p. 376.�

[403] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[404] Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� et Agnetis Duciss�, MGH SS XVII, p. 376.�

[405] Quellen bayerischen Geschichte, Band I (1856), Schenkungsbuch der Probstei Berchtesgaden, CXCVI, p. 352.�

[406] Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� et Agnetis Duciss�, MGH SS XVII, p. 376.�

[407] Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� et Agnetis Duciss�, MGH SS XVII, p. 376.�

[408] Kronijk van Arent toe Bocop, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1860), vijfde deel, p. 110.�

[409] Lacomblet, T. J. (ed.) (1846) Urkundenbuch f�r die Geschichte des Niederrheins, Band II (D�sseldorf) ("Niederrheins Urkundenbuch"), 365, p. 193.�

[410] Lacomblet, T. J. (ed.) (1840) Urkundenbuch f�r die Geschichte des Niederrheins, Band I (D�sseldorf) ("Niederrheins Urkundenbuch"), 513, p. 360.�

[411] Wegener (1965/67), p. 190.�

[412] Chounradi, Chronicon Schirense 21, MGH SS XVII, p. 621.�

[413] MB 10, 401, cited in Wegener (1965/67), p. 250.�

[414] Wittmann, F. M. (ed.) (1857) Monumenta Wittelsbacensia, Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte des Hauses Wittelsbach, Erste Abteilung, Quellen zur bayerisches und deutschen Geschichte, Band V (Munich) ("Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I"), 1, p. 1.�

[415] Huillard-Br�holles, J. L. A. (1852) Historia diplomatica Friderici Secundi (Paris), Tome I, Part I, p. 317, and Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 6, p. 19. �

[416] Huillard-Br�holles (1852), Tome I, Part I, p. 346.�

[417] Huillard-Br�holles (1852), Tome I, Part II, p. 365.�

[418] Haverkamp (1988), p. 249.�

[419] Necrologium Windbergense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 383.�

[420] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[421] Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� et Agnetis Duciss�, MGH SS XVII, p. 376.�

[422] De Advocatis Altahensibus, MGH SS XVII, p. 374.�

[423] Monumenta Seeligenthalensis, Diplomatarium Miscellum I, Monumenta Boica Vol. XV, p. 443.�

[424] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[425] Necrologium F�rstenfeldense, Freising Necrologies, p. 97.�

[426] Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� et Agnetis Duciss�, MGH SS XVII, p. 376.�

[427] Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� et Agnetis Duciss�, MGH SS XVII, p. 376.�

[428] Rein, W. (ed.) (1863) Urkundenbuch, Geschichte und Beschreibung der th�ringischen Kl�ster, I, Ichtershausen (Weimar) (�Ichtershausen�) 39, p. 79.�

[429] Annales Erphordenses 1238, MGH SS XVI, p. 32.�

[430] Boehmer, J. F. (1868) Fontes Rerum Germanicarum, Band IV (Stuttgart), Kalendarium Necrologicum Thuringicum, p. 457.�

[431] Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� et Agnetis Duciss�, MGH SS XVII, p. 376.�

[432] Monumenta Seeligenthalensis, Diplomatarium Miscellum I, Monumenta Boica Vol. XV, p. 443.�

[433] Bayley, C. C. (1949) The Formation of the German College of Electors in the mid-Thirteenth Century (Toronto), pp. 9-10.�

[434] Bayley (1949), p. 20.�

[435] Bayley (1949), pp. 28-9.�

[436] Bayley (1949), p. 31.�

[437] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[438] Not� Sancti Emeranni, MGH SS XVII, p. 574.�

[439] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1229, MGH SS XVII, p. 391.�

[440] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[441] Necrologium F�rstenfeldense, Freising Necrologies, p. 97.�

[442] Necrologium Weltenburgense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 369.�

[443] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[444] Monumenta Boica Vol. XI, LXXVI, p. 217.�

[445] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1246, MGH SS XVII, p. 394.�

[446] William of Malmesbury, III, 274, p. 254, and Luard, H. R. (ed.) (1874) Matth�i Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora (London) (�MP�), Vol. V, 1248, p. 17.�

[447] Bayley (1949), p. 20.�

[448] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1258, MGH SS XVII, p. 399.�

[449] Necrologium Habsburgicum Monasterii Campi Regis, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 357.�

[450] Necrologium Stamsense, Brixen Necrologies, p. 47.�

[451] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[452] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1229, MGH SS XVII, p. 391.�

[453] Monumenta Boica Vol. XI, LXXVI, p. 217.�

[454] Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 64, p. 158.�

[455] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[456] Leuschner, J. (1980) Germany in the Late Middle Ages (North Holland Publishing Company), pp. 94-5.�

[457] Bayley (1949), p. 188.�

[458] Not� Altahenses 1294, MGH SS XVII, p. 422.�

[459] Eberhardi Archidiaconi Ratisponensis Annales 1294, MGH SS XVII, p. 594.�

[460] Oude Kronik van Brabant, Codex Diplomaticus Neerlandicus, Second Series (Utrecht 1855), deerde deel, Part 1, p. 65.�

[461] Genealogia Ducum Brabanti� Heredum Franci� 8, MGH SS XXV, p. 390.�

[462] Annales Mellicenses 1256, MGH SS IX, p. 509.�

[463] Continuatio Lambacensis 1256, MGH SS IX, p. 559.�

[464] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[465] Necrologium Weihenstephanense, Freising Necrologies, p. 203.�

[466] Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 63, p. 157.�

[467] Bayley (1949), p. 66.�

[468] Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 64, p. 158.�

[469] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1260, MGH SS XVII, p. 399.�

[470] Not� Diessenses 1271, MGH SS XVII, p. 325.�

[471] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[472] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[473] Hermanni Altahensis continuation tertia 1302, MGH SS XXIV, p. 56.�

[474] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[475] Not� Diessenses 1305, MGH SS XVII, p. 325.�

[476] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[477] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[478] Necrologium F�rstenfeldense, Freising Necrologies, p. 97.�

[479] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1267, MGH SS XVII, p. 406.�

[480] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[481] Necrologium F�rstenfeldense, Freising Necrologies, p. 97.�

[482] Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 170, p. 425.�

[483] Annales Basileenses 1274, MGH SS XVII, p. 196.�

[484] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[485] Eberhardi Archidiaconi Ratisponensis Annales 1294, MGH SS XVII, p. 594.�

[486] Necrologium F�rstenfeldense, Freising Necrologies, p. 97.�

[487] Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 163, p. 400.�

[488] Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 164, p. 401.�

[489] Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 165, p. 403.�

[490] Sudendorf, H. (1859) Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herz�ge von Braunschweig und L�neburg (Hannover), Teil I, 111, p. 69.�

[491] Codex Brandenburgensis, Zweiter Haupttheil, Band 2, DCVI, p. 7.�

[492] Sudendorf (1859), Teil I, 298, p. 160.�

[493] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[494] Monumenta Boica Vol. XI, LXXVI, p. 217.�

[495] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1235, MGH SS XVII, p. 391.�

[496] Monumenta Boica Vol. XI, LXXVI, p. 217.�

[497] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1258, MGH SS XVII, p. 399.�

[498] Gesta Episcoporum Eichstetensium 3, MGH SS XXV, p. 592.�

[499] Necrologium Altah� Superioris, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 224.�

[500] Necrologia Saeldentalense, Passau Necrologies I, p. 473.�

[501] Monumenta Boica Vol. XI, LXXVI, p. 217.�

[502] Monumenta Boica Vol. XI, LXXVI, p. 217.�

[503] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1235, MGH SS XVII, p. 391.�

[504] Wittelsbach Urkundenbuch, I, 58, p. 136.�

[505] Bayley (1949), pp. 186-8.�

[506] Not� Altahenses 1290, MGH SS XVII, p. 422.�

[507] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[508] Necrologium Weltenburgense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 369.�

[509] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[510] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1244, MGH SS XVII, p. 394.�

[511] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1271, MGH SS XVII, p. 406.�

[512] Necrologium Tegernseense, Freising Necrologies, p. 136.�

[513] Necrologium Windbergense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 383.�

[514] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[515] ES I.1 92.�

[516] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[517] ES I.1 92.�

[518] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[519] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1258, MGH SS XVII, p. 399.�

[520] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1270, MGH SS XVII, p. 406.�

[521] Kalcher, A. �Urkunden-Regesen des Klosters Seligenthal in Landshut�, Verhandlungen des historischen Vereins f�r Niederbayern, Vol. 29 (1893), 65, p. 206.�

[522] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[523] Necrologia Aldersbacensia, Passau Necrologies I, p. 4.�

[524] Kalcher �Urkunden Seligenthal� (1893), 65, p. 206.�

[525] ES I.1 92.�

[526] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[527] Necrologia Aldersbacensia, Passau Necrologies I, p. 4.�

[528] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1261, MGH SS XVII, p. 402.�

[529] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1290, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[530] Fine , J. V. A. (1994) The Late Medieval Balkans, A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest (Ann Arbour, University of Michigan Press), p. 209.�

[531] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1312, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[532] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[533] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[534] Chronicon Colmariense 1276, MGH SS XVII, p. 247.�

[535] Hamann, B. (1998) Die Habsburger, Ein biographisches Lexikon (Ueberreuter, Vienna), p. 232.�

[536] Necrologia Saeldentalense, Passau Necrologies I, p. 473.�

[537] Chronicon Osterhoviense, Fontes rerum Germanicarum II, pp. 564 and 569.�

[538] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[539] Continuatio Weichardi de Polhaim 1280, MGH SS IX, p. 810.�

[540] Chronicon Osterhoviense, Fontes rerum Germanicarum II, p. 569.�

[541] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1334, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[542] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[543] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[544] Necrologium Austriacum Gentis Habsburgic� Prius, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 123.�

[545] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1262, MGH SS XVII, p. 402.�

[546] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[547] Monumenta Necrologica S Rudperti Salisburgensis, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 91.�

[548] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[549] Not� Altahenses 1277, MGH SS XVII, p. 422.�

[550] Necrologia Aldersbacensia, Passau Necrologies I, p. 4.�

[551] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1267, MGH SS XVII, p. 406.�

[552] Not� Altahenses 1277, MGH SS XVII, p. 422.�

[553] Monumenta Garsensia, Codex Epistolaris XIV, Monumenta Boica Vol. I, p. 84.�

[554] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[555] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1290, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[556] Hermanni Altahensis continuation tertia 1296, MGH SS XXIV, p. 55.�

[557] Necrologia Aldersbacensia, Passau Necrologies I, p. 4.�

[558] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1271, MGH SS XVII, p. 406.�

[559] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1290, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[560] Kalcher �Urkunden Seligenthal� (1893), 65, p. 206.�

[561] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[562] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[563] Liber Anniversariorum Mosburgensis, Freising Necrologies, p. 105.�

[564] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[565] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1309, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[566] Hermanni Altahensis continuation tertia 1297, MGH SS XXIV, p. 56.�

[567] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[568] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[569] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[570] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[571] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[572] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1309, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[573] Boehmer, J. F. (1868) Fontes Rerum Germanicarum, Band IV (Stuttgart), Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven 1316-1361, p. 31.�

[574] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1339, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[575] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[576] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[577] Necrologia Aldersbacensia, Passau Necrologies I, p. 4.�

[578] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput IX, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 131.�

[579] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[580] Necrologium Windbergense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 383.�

[581] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[582] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1339, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[583] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesi� Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 327.�

[584] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[585] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[586] Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven 1316-1361, pp. 31 and 32.�

[587] Necrologium Habsburgicum Monasterii Campi Regis, Konstanz Necrologies, p. 357.�

[588] Necrologium Austriacum Gentis Habsburgic� Prius, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 123.�

[589] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[590] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1309, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[591] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[592] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[593] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[594] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[595] Leuschner (1980), p. 109.�

[596] Leuschner (1980), p. 109.�

[597] Leuschner (1980), pp. 110-1.�

[598] Leuschner (1980), p. 112.�

[599] Leuschner (1980), pp. 113-4.�

[600] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1347, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[601] Necrologium F�rstenfeldense, Freising Necrologies, p. 97.�

[602] Necrologium Diessense, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 7.�

[603] Leuschner (1980), p. 114.�

[604] Not� Fuerstenfeldenses de Ducibus Bavari�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 75.�

[605] Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven 1316-1361, p. 32.�

[606] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput XI, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 136.�

[607] Oude Kronik van Brabant, p. 74.�

[608] Cronica S. Petri Erfordensis Moderna, 1328, MGH SS XXX, Pars I, p. 452.�

[609] Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis 1328, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 653.�

[610] Posse, O. (1897) Die Wettiner (Leipzig, Berlin), Beilage V, p. 107.�

[611] Annales Veterocellenses 1346, MGH SS XVI, p. 44.�

[612] Codex Brandenburgensis, Zweiter Haupttheil, Band 2, DCXIII, p. 14.�

[613] Necrologia Montis St Mari�, Chur Necrologies, p. 649.�

[614] Necrologium Diessense, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 7.�

[615] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[616] Chronica Pragensis (Chronicon Francisci), Liber II, Caput XI, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 135.�

[617] Codex Brandenburgensis, Zweiter Haupttheil, Band 2, DCII, p. 2.�

[618] Chronicon Elwacense 1323, MGH SS X, p. 40.��

[619] Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven 1316-1361, p. 36.�

[620] Leuschner (1980), p. 114.�

[621] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesi� Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 329.�

[622] Not� de Sepulchris Patrum Minorum S Crucem Vindobon�, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 166.�

[623] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1347, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[624] Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven 1316-1361, pp. 31 and 32.�

[625] Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven 1316-1361, p. 73. �

[626] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[627] Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven 1316-1361, p. 36.�

[628] Knoll, P. W. (1972) The Rise of the Polish Monarchy: Piast Poland in East Central Europe 1320-1370 (University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London), pp. 182-3.�

[629] Henricus Dapifer de Diessenhoven 1316-1361, p. 73.�

[630] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 418.�

[631] Matthias Nuewenburgensis, Continuatio, p. 277.�

[632] Petri Azarii Chronicon, Cap. XV, RIS XVI, col. 421.�

[633] Schannat, J. F. (1724) Vindemi� Literari� (Fulda, Leipzig), Tome II, Anonymi Chronicon Wirtembergense, p. 27.�

[634] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1347, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[635] Necrologium Scheftlariense, Freising Necrologies, p. 116.�

[636] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[637] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesi� Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 358.�

[638] Necrologium Austriacum Gentis Habsburgic� Alterum, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 124.�

[639] Benessii de Weitmil Chronicon Ecclesi� Pragensis, Caput XIV, Scriptores Rerum Bohemicarum, Tomus II, p. 388.�

[640] Gertz, M. C. (ed.) (1918) Scriptores Minores Histori� Danic� medii �vi (Copenhagen), Vol. II, Chronica Archiepiscoporum Lundensium, XV, p. 117.�

[641] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1347, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[642] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1375, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[643] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[644] Boehmer, J. F. (1868) Fontes Rerum Germanicarum, Band IV (Stuttgart), Matthias Nuewenburgensis, p. 274.�

[645] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[646] Matthias Nuewenburgensis, p. 274.�

[647] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[648] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1375, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[649] Liber Anniversariorum Mosburgensis, Freising Necrologies, p. 105.�

[650] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[651] Leidinger, G. (1903) Andreas von Regensburg s�mtliche Werke (Munich), (Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge, Band I), Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[652] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. CXLIII, RIS XVI, col. 774.�

[653] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[654] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[655] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chartreux de Vauvert, p. 701.�

[656] P�re Anselme, Tome I, p. 271.�

[657] W�rdtwein, S. A. (1788) Nova Subsidia Diplomatica (Heidelberg), Tome X, CXVII, Anonymi Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum ab 1377 usque 1445, p. 319.�

[658] Aschbach, J. (1843) Geschichte der Grafen von Wertheim (Frankfurt-am-Main), Theil I, p. 270.�

[659] W�rdtwein (1788), Tome X, CXVII, Anonymi Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum ab 1377 usque 1445, p. 320.�

[660] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[661] W�rdtwein (1788), Tome X, CXVII, Anonymi Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum ab 1377 usque 1445, p. 318.�

[662] Aschbach (1843) Wertheim, Theil I, p. 270.�

[663] Aschbach (1843) Wertheim, Theil I, p. 270.�

[664] W�rdtwein (1788), Tome X, CXVII, Anonymi Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum ab 1377 usque 1445, p. 320.�

[665] W�rdtwein (1788), Tome X, CXVII, Anonymi Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum ab 1377 usque 1445, p. 319.�

[666] Schneider, D. (1736) Historie und Stamm-Tafel des Hoch-Gr�flichen Hauses Erbach (Frankfurt-am-Main), Urkunden, CXX, p. 283.�

[667] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[668] Robillard de Beaurepaire, C. de (1870) Chronique normande de Pierre Cochon (Rouen), Chap. XI, p. 177.�

[669] W�rdtwein (1788), Tome X, CXVII, Anonymi Chronicon Suevico-Bavaricum ab 1377 usque 1445, p. 309.�

[670] Vallet de Viriville, A. (1858) Chronique de Charles VII roi de France, par Jean Chartier (Paris), Tome I, Chap. 108, p. 208.�

[671] Obituaires de Sens Tome I.2, Chartreux de Vauvert, p. 704.�

[672] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1375, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[673] Liber Anniversariorum Mosburgensis, Freising Necrologies, p. 105.�

[674] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. CXXIX, RIS XVI, col. 736.�

[675] Chronicon Placentinum, RIS XVI, col. 546.�

[676] Annales Mediolanenses, Cap. CXLIV, RIS XVI, col. 775.�

[677] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[678] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1375, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[679] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1393, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[680] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[681] Liber Anniversariorum Mosburgensis, Freising Necrologies, p. 105.�

[682] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[683] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[684] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[685] Osio, L. (ed.) (1864) Documenti Diplomatici tratti dagli archivii Milanesi (Milan) ("Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi"), Vol. I, CLXII, p. 226.�

[686] Monumenta Necrologica Raitenhslacensia, Liber defunctorum Genealogica - Appendix, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[687] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[688] Monumenta Necrologica Raitenhslacensia, Liber defunctorum Genealogica - Appendix, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[689] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[690] Liber Anniversariorum Mosburgensis, Freising Necrologies, p. 105.�

[691] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[692] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[693] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[694] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[695] Monumenta Necrologica Raitenhslacensia, Liber defunctorum Genealogica - Appendix, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[696] Monumenta Necrologica Raitenhslacensia, Liber defunctorum Genealogica - Appendix, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[697] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[698] Necrologia Saeldentalense, Passau Necrologies I, p. 473.�

[699] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260. �

[700] Necrologia Saeldentalense, Passau Necrologies I, p. 473.�

[701] Monumenta Necrologica Raitenhslacensia, Liber defunctorum Genealogica - Appendix, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[702] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[703] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[704] Necrologium Monasterium Altah� Inferioris, Passau Necrologies I, p. 27.�

[705] Leibnitz, G. W. (1711) Scriptorum Brunsvicensia illustrantium, Tome III (Hannover), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 400.�

[706] Mencke, J. B. (1728) Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, pr�cipue Saxonicarum, Tome II (Leipzig), XIX Georgii Spalatini Historici Saxonici (�Spalatinus (1728)�), IX, cols. 1086-7, and XII, 1089.�

[707] Spalatinus (1728), IX, col. 1090.�

[708] Mencke, J. B. (1728) Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, pr�cipue Saxonicarum, Tome II (Leipzig), XVII Monumenta Landgraviorum Thuringi� et Marchionum Misni�, Epitaphium, col. 854.�

[709] Spalatinus (1728), IX, col. 1089.�

[710] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[711] Necrologia Aldersbacensia, Passau Necrologies I, p. 4.�

[712] Necrologia Aldersbacensia, Passau Necrologies I, p. 4.�

[713] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[714] Spalatinus (1728), IX, col. 1089.�

[715] Necrologium Monasterium Altah� Inferioris, Passau Necrologies I, p. 27.�

[716] Liber Anniversariorum Mosburgensis, Freising Necrologies, p. 105.�

[717] Historia Episcoporum Pataviensium et Ducum Bavari� 1375, MGH SS XXV, p. 627.�

[718] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[719] Tangl, K. �Die Grafen von Pfannberg�, Archiv f�r Kunde �sterreichischer Geschichts-Quellen, Band XVIII (Vienna, 1857) (�Tangl �Grafen von Pfannberg�, II (1857)�), 184, p. 190.�

[720] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[721] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[722] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[723] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[724] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[725] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[726] Gesta Episcoporum Frisingensium Continuationes XIV et XV, MGH SS XXIV, p. 327.�

[727] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Chronica pontificum et imperatorum Romanorum, p. 90.�

[728] Necrologium S�ldentalense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 360.�

[729] Spiller, R. (1909) Ulrich F�ertrer bayerische Chronik (Munich), (Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge, Band II, Zweite Abteilung), 348, p. 208.�

[730] Documenti Diplomatici Milanesi, Vol. I, CCXVII, p. 311.�

[731] Necrologium Scheftlariense, Freising Necrologies, p. 116.�

[732] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 350, p. 208.�

[733] Necrologium Raitenhaslacense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 260.�

[734] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[735] Scriptorum Brunsvicensia, Tome III (1711), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 392.�

[736] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[737] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 351, p. 209.�

[738] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[739] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[740] Necrologia Saeldentalense, Passau Necrologies I, p. 473.�

[741] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[742] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[743] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[744] Scriptorum Brunsvicensia, Tome III (1711), Chronicon Brunsvicensium, p. 416.�

[745] Gersdorf, E. G. �Chronicon terr� Misnensis s. Buchense�, in Espe, K. A. (ed.) Bericht vom Jahre 1839 an die Mitglieder der Deutschen Gesellschaft zu Erforschung vaterl�ndische Sprache und Alterth�mer in Leipzig (Leipzig, 1839), p. 21.�

[746] Mencke, J. B. (1728) Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, pr�cipue Saxonicarum, Tome II (Leipzig), XVII Monumenta Landgraviorum Thuringi� et Marchionum Misni�, col. 868.�

[747] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[748] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[749] Necrologia Saeldentalense, Passau Necrologies I, p. 473.�

[750] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[751] Necrologia Saeldentalense, Passau Necrologies I, p. 473.�

[752] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 349, p. 208.�

[753] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1903), Band I, Diarium sexennale, p. 317.�

[754] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 348, p. 208.�

[755] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge (1909), Band II, Zweite Abteilung, 348, p. 208.�

[756] Necrologium Austriacum Gentis Habsburgic� Alterum, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 124.�

[757] Arnold, B. (2003) Princes and territories in medieval Germany (Cambridge), pp. 125-8.�

[758] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[759] D O I 202, p. 281.�

[760] D O I 221, p. 303.�

[761] D O I 279, p. 395.�

[762] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[763] Wegener (1965/67), p. 91.�

[764] Ex Vita SS Marini et Anniani, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1069.�

[765] D H IV 295 and 296, pp. 386 and 389.�

[766] D H IV 316, p. 416.�

[767] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[768] Ex Vita SS Marini et Anniani, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1069.�

[769] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[770] Wegener (1965/67), p. 152.�

[771] Guttenberg, E. von (1932) Die Regesten der Bisch�fe von Bamberg (�Bamberger Regesten�), n 328, cited in Wegener (1965/67), p. 132.�

[772] Casus Monasterii Petrushusensis II 40, MGH SS XX, p. 647, the date 11 Aug 1081 being inserted in the margin of the edition.�

[773] Ex Vita SS Marini et Anniani, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1069.�

[774] Ex Vita SS Marini et Anniani, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1069.�

[775] D H IV 263, p. 336.�

[776] Fundatio Monasterii Berchtesgadensis, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1065.�

[777] Moritz (1833), Vol. II, Zweite Beilage, Deutsche Reimchronik des Klosters Kastel, p. 145, lines 505.�

[778] Fundatio Monasterii Berchtesgadensis, MGH SS XV 2, p. 1065.�

[779] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[780] Monumenta Necrologica S Rudperti Salisburgensis, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 91.�

[781] D O III 318, p. 744.�

[782] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[783] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[784] Wegener (1965/67), p. 91.�

[785] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[786] Ekkehardi Chronicon, MGH SS VI, pp. 225-6.� .�

[787] ES III 26.�

[788] Ekkehardi Chronicon, MGH SS VI, pp. 225-6.� .�

[789] D H III 333, p. 455.�

[790] Necrologium Milstatense, Salzburg Necrologies (Regio Carinthiaca), p. 455.�

[791] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[792] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[793] Wegener (1965/67), p. 93.�

[794] Redlich, O. (ed.) (1886, reprint 1973) Acta Tirolensia. Urkundliche Quellen zur Geschichte Tirols. Band I. Die Traditionsb�cher der Hochstifts Brixen (Innsbruck) ("Acta Tirolensia") 66, p. 27.�

[795] Ekkehardi Chronicon, MGH SS VI, pp. 225-6.� .�

[796] D H IV 440, p. 590, charter marked "verunechtet" in the compilation.�

[797] Necrologium Milstatense, Salzburg Necrologies (Regio Carinthiaca), p. 455.�

[798] Annalista Saxo, 1036, MGH SS VI, p. 679.�

[799] D H IV 440, p. 590, charter marked "verunechtet" in the compilation.�

[800] Annalista Saxo, 1036, MGH SS VI, p. 679.�

[801] Schannat, J. F. (1723) Vindemi� literari�, Collectio Prima (Fulda, Leipzig), 55, p. 78.� This charter is also discussed in Kupper, J. L. �Les origines du duch� de Limbourg-sur-Vesdre�, Revue belge de philologie et d�histoire, Tome 85, fasc. 3-4 (2007), p. 626 [available at <https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2007_num_85_3_5096 > (26 May 2018)], and Ernst, S. P. (1838) Histoire de Limbourg, Tome II (Li�ge), p. 33.�

[802] Sigeberti Chronica, 1107, MGH SS VI, p. 372.�

[803] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[804] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[805] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[806] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[807] D H II 240, p. 277.�

[808] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[809] Wegener (1965/67), p. 129.�

[810] Monumenta Tegernseensia, Codex Traditionum III, Monumenta Boica Vol. VI, p. 27.�

[811] Kupper, J. L. �La donation de la comtesse Ermengarde � l��glise de Li�ge (1078)�, Bulletin de la Commission royale d�histoire, Acad�mie royale de Belgique, Tome 179 (2013), p. 7, citing Boeren, P. C. (1938) De oorsprong van Limburg en Gelre en enkele naburige heerschappijen (Maastricht-Vroenhoven), pp. 36, 65, 101-3, 106-7 and other secondary sources.�

[812] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 324, p. 377.�

[813] D H III 246, p. 329.�

[814] Monumenta Necrologica S Rudperti Salisburgensis, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 91.�

[815] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[816] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[817] Bergrath �Die h. Irmgardis und der Salhof Bugeham�, Annalen des historischen Vereins f�r den Niederrhein, Tome 2 (1857), p. 253.�

[818] D H III, 74, p. 98.�

[819] Kupper �Ermengarde� (2013), p. 15.�

[820] Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch, I, 324, p. 377.�

[821] Vanderkindere, A. (1902) La formation territoriale des principaut�s belges au moyen-�ge (Brussels), Vol. 2, pp. 40, 168.�

[822] Kupper �Ermengarde� (2013), p. 7, citing Boeren, P. C. (1938) De oorsprong van Limburg en Gelre en enkele naburige heerschappijen (Maastricht-Vroenhoven), pp. 36, 65, 101-3, 106-7 and other secondary sources.�

[823] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 222, p. 144.�

[824] Steiermark Urkundenbuch, Band I, 77, p. 85.�

[825] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 228, p. 147.�

[826] Niederrheins Urkundenbuch, Band I, 242, p. 155, also quoted in Vanderkindere (1902), Vol. II, pp. 169-70.�

[827] Bergrath �Die h. Irmgardis� (1857), p. 257.�

[828] Monumenta Tegernseensia, Codex Traditionum III, Monumenta Boica Vol. VI, p. 27.�

[829] D H II 428, p. 548.�

[830] Wiponis Vita Chuonradi Imperatoris, 1, MGH SS XI, p. 256.�

[831] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[832] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[833] D H II 428, p. 548.�

[834] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[835] Wegener (1965/67), p. 184.�

[836] Bernoldi Chronicon 1099, MGH SS V, p. 466.�

[837] Necrologium Monasterii S Udalrici Augustensis civitatis, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 120.�

[838] Bayerische Quellen, Neue Folge, Band 5, 327 n 1478, cited in Wegener (1965/67), p. 248.�

[839] Chounradi, Chronicon Schirense 13, MGH SS XVII, p. 619.�

[840] Meichelbeck, C. (1724) Histori� Frisingensis (Vienna), Tome I, Pars altera Instrumentaria, MCCCXIII, p. 544.�

[841] Meichelbeck (1724), Tome I, Pars altera Instrumentaria, MCCCXXIV, p. 551.�

[842] Meichelbeck (1724), Tome I, Pars altera Instrumentaria, MCCCXXXV, p. 556.�

[843] Necrologium Weihenstephanense, Freising Necrologies, p. 203.�

[844] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[845] Meichelbeck (1724), Tome I, Pars altera Instrumentaria, MCCCXXIV, p. 551.�

[846] Meichelbeck (1724), Tome I, Pars altera Instrumentaria, MCCCXXIV, p. 551.�

[847] Wegener (1965/67), pp. 248-9.�

[848] ES I.1 90.�

[849] Meichelbeck (1724), Tome I, Pars altera Instrumentaria, MCCCXXXV, p. 556.�

[850] Necrologium Thierhauptense, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 38.�

[851] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[852] Necrologium Weltenburgense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 369.�

[853] Fundatio et not� Monasterii Ensdorfensis 96, MGH SS XV.2, p. 1082.�

[854] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[855] Annales Pegavienses Pr�fatio, MGH SS XVI, p. 234.�

[856] Constitutio Ducatus Austri�, MGH MGH LL, Tome 2, p. 99.�

[857] R�hricht, R. (ed.) (1893) Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani (Oeniponti) �446, p. 116.�

[858] Meichelbeck (1724), Tome I, Pars altera Instrumentaria, MCCCXLV, p. 561.�

[859] Annales Schaftlarienses Maiores 1183, MGH SS XVII, p. 337.�

[860] Necrologium Windbergense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 383.�

[861] Necrologium Monasterii S Emmerammi Ratisbonensis, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 301.�

[862] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[863] Annales Pegavienses Pr�fatio, MGH SS XVI, p. 234.�

[864] Chounradi, Chronicon Schirense 22, MGH SS XVII, p. 621.�

[865] Constitutio Ducatus Austri�, MGH MGH LL, Tome 2, p. 99.�

[866] R�hricht (1893) 446, p. 116.�

[867] Meichelbeck (1724), Tome I, Pars altera Instrumentaria, MCCCXLV, p. 561.�

[868] Necrologium Weihenstephanense, Freising Necrologies, p. 203.�

[869] Monumenta Boica, Vol. I, Monumenta Rotensia, XI, p. 365.�

[870] Chounradi, Chronicon Schirense 20, MGH SS XVII, p. 621.�

[871] Stumpf, K. F. (ed.) (1863) Urkunden zur Geschichte des Erzbisthums Mainz im zw�lften Jahrhundert (Acta Maguntina Seculi XII) (Innsbruck) ("Mainz Urkunden 12th Century"), 109, p. 110.�

[872] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[873] Chounradi, Chronicon Schirense 22, MGH SS XVII, p. 621.�

[874] Jordan (1986), p. 175.�

[875] Necrologium Thierhauptense, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 38.�

[876] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[877] Necrologium Weltenburgense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 369.�

[878] Monumenta Thierhauptana, Monumenta Boica Vol. XV, p. 141.�

[879] Necrologium Thierhauptense, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 38.�

[880] Necrologium Weltenburgense, Regensburg Necrologies, p. 369.�

[881] Chronica Albrici Monachi Trium Fontium 1141, MGH SS XXIII, p. 834.�

[882] Wilmans, R. & Finke, H. (eds.) (1874-1890) Westf�lisches Urkundenbuch, Band IV (M�nster) (�Westf�lisches Urkundenburch Band IV�), Zweite Abteilung (1880), 538, p. 324.�

[883] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[884] Not� Isnenses Neues Archiv 8, 161, cited in Wegener (1965/67), p. 253.�

[885] Chounradi, Chronicon Schirense 22, MGH SS XVII, p. 622.�

[886] Continuatio Admuntensis 1207, MGH SS IX, p. 591.�

[887] Fragmenta Necrologica Schirensia, Freising Necrologies, p. 133.�

[888] Annales Marbacenses 1201, MGH SS XVII, p. 170.�

[889] Haverkamp, A. (1988) Medieval Germany 1056-1273 (Oxford University Press), p. 241.�

[890] Chronica principum Poloni�, Silesiacarum Scriptores I, p. 100.�

[891] Not� Diessenses [1176], MGH SS XVII, p. 324.�

[892] De Fundatoribus Monasterii Diessenses III, MGH SS XVII, p. 329.�

[893] Necrologium Diessense, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 7.�

[894] Wegener (1965/67), p. 156.�

[895] Not� Genealogic� Bavaric�, MGH SS XXIV, p. 76.�

[896] Necrologium Mellicense Antiquissimum, Passau Necrologies (II), p. 522.�

[897] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[898] Necrologium Undensdorfense, Freising Necrologies, p. 172.�

[899] Monumenta San-Nicolaitana, Codex Traditionem LVII, Monumenta Boica Vol. IV, p. 258.�

[900] Monumenta Bamburgensia, Codex Traditionum CCXXXIII, Monumenta Boica Vol. III, p. 91.�

[901] Monumenta Necrologica S Rudperti Salisburgensis, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 91.�

[902] Necrologium Seonense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 217.�

[903] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[904] Genealogia Ottonis II Ducis Bavari� et Agnetis Duciss�, MGH SS XVII, p. 376.�

[905] Lang, C. H. (1823) Regesta Boicarum (Munich), Vol. II, p. 280.�

[906] Hermanni Altahenses Annales 1249, MGH SS XVII, p. 395.�

[907] Monumenta Necrologica S Rudperti Salisburgensis, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 91.�

[908] Necrologium Baumburgense, Salzburg Necrologies, p. 236.�

[909] Stillfried, R. M. von, & M�rcker, T. (eds.) (1856) Monumenta Zollerana, Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte des Hauses Hohenzollern, Band II (Berlin) ("Monumenta Zollerana (1856)"), LXI, p. 26.�

[910] Stillfried, R. M. von (1843) Monumenta Zollerana, Quellensammlung zur Geschichte des erlauchten Hauses der Grafen von Zollern und Burggrafen von N�rnberg, Erster Theil (Halle) ("Monumenta Zollerana (1843))", LXXV, p. 111.�

[911] Monumenta Zollerana (1856), Band II, CXVIII, p. 69.�

[912] Monumenta Zollerana (1856), Band II, LXI, p. 26.�

[913] Monumenta Nideraltacensia, Codex Traditionum XCVII, Monumenta Boica Vol. XI, p. 234.�

[914] Neugart (1795), Tome II, MXXI, p. 313.�

[915] Wittmann, F. M. �Geschichte der Landgrafen von Leuchtenberg�, Abhandlungen der historischen Classe der k�niglich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band VI (Munich, 1852), p. 34, citing Hund, W. (1650) Bayerisches Stammbuch, Vol. II, p. 3 [not yet consulted].�

[916] Liber Anniversariorum et Necrologium Monasterii Kaisheimensis, Augsburg Necrologies, p. 88.�

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1.��� DUKES of BAVARIA, AGILOLFING families

Chapter 2.��� MARKGRAFEN in BAVARIA 9th CENTURY

Chapter 3.��� DUKES of BAVARIA (LUITPOLDINGE)

Chapter 4.��� DUKES of BAVARIA, SAXON KINGS of GERMANY [OTTONEN]

Chapter 5.��� DUKES of BAVARIA (LUXEMBOURG)

Chapter 6.��� DUKES of BAVARIA (SALIAN KINGS of GERMANY)

Chapter 7.��� DUKE of BAVARIA (Z�TPHEN)

Chapter 8.��� DUKE of BAVARIA (GRAFEN von NORTHEIM)

Chapter 9.��� DUKES of BAVARIA (WELF)

Chapter 10.� DUKES of BAVARIA (BABENBERG)

Chapter 11.� DUKES of BAVARIA (WITTELSBACH)

A.����� DUKES of BAVARIA 1180-1294

B.����� DUKES of LOWER BAVARIA 1180-1340

C.����� DUKES of UPPER BAVARIA 1304-1340, DUKES of BAVARIA

D.����� DUKES of BAVARIA, DUKES of BAVARIA-INGOLSTADT, DUKES of BAVARIA-LANDSHUT

E.����� DUKES of BAVARIA-MUNICH 1375-1503, DUKES of BAVARIA

Chapter 12.� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN

A.����� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN (10th CENTURY)

B.����� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN 1059-1081 [PILGRIMIDEN]

C.����� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN [ARIBONEN] 985-1102

D.����� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN [RATPOTONEN] 1082-1083

E.����� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN 1110-1209, GRAFEN von WITTELSBACH

F.����� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN [SPONHEIM-ORTENBERG-KRAIBURG] 1209-1248

Chapter 13.� ������� ELECTORS of BAVARIA

Chapter 14.� KINGS of BAVARIA

Chapter 1.�� DUKES of BAVARIA, AGILOLFING families

Chapter 2.�� MARKGRAFEN in BAVARIA 9th CENTURY

Chapter 3.�� DUKES of BAVARIA (LUITPOLDINGE)

Chapter 4.�� DUKES of BAVARIA, SAXON KINGS of GERMANY [OTTONEN]

Chapter 5.�� DUKES of BAVARIA (LUXEMBOURG)

Chapter 6.�� DUKES of BAVARIA (SALIAN KINGS of GERMANY)

Chapter 7.�� DUKE of BAVARIA (Z�TPHEN)

Chapter 8.�� DUKE of BAVARIA (GRAFEN von NORTHEIM)

Chapter 9.�� DUKES of BAVARIA (WELF)

A.�� DUKES of BAVARIA 1180-1294

B.�� DUKES of LOWER BAVARIA 1180-1340

C.�� DUKES of UPPER BAVARIA 1304-1340, DUKES of BAVARIA

D.�� DUKES of BAVARIA, DUKES of BAVARIA-INGOLSTADT, DUKES of BAVARIA-LANDSHUT

E.�� DUKES of BAVARIA-MUNICH 1375-1503, DUKES of BAVARIA

A.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN (10th CENTURY)

B.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN 1059-1081 [PILGRIMIDEN]

C.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN [ARIBONEN] 985-1102

D.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN [RATPOTONEN] 1082-1083

E.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN 1110-1209, GRAFEN von WITTELSBACH

F.�� PFALZGRAFEN von BAYERN [SPONHEIM-ORTENBERG-KRAIBURG] 1209-1248

Chapter 13.� �� ELECTORS of BAVARIA