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The Industrial Revolution refers to the increased production of ____________________________ that began in England during the 18th century.
machine-made goods
A(n) _____________________ paved the way for the industrial revolution.
agricultural revolution???
Identify the two results of the enclosure movement.
enclosure movement: wealthy landowners enclosed their land with fences or hedges. the increase in their landholdings enabled them to cultivate larger fields
1. landowners tried new agricultural methods
2. large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to the cities
1. landowners tried new agricultural methods
2. large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to the cities
4. Write the name of the inventor next to each of the following inventions:
-Steam engine
-Steamboat
-Locomotive
-Railroads
-Steam engine
-Steamboat
-Locomotive
-Railroads
-Steam engine: James Watt
-Steamboat: Robert Fulton
-Locomotive: Richard Trevithick
-Railroads: George Stephenson??????
-Steamboat: Robert Fulton
-Locomotive: Richard Trevithick
-Railroads: George Stephenson??????
5. Wealthy textile merchants set up machines in large buildings called __________.
factories
6. A person who takes on the risks of a business is called a(n) _________________.
entrepreneur
1. The growth of the factory system led to _________________________, which is city building and the movement of people to cities.
urbanization
2. Factories developed in clusters because they were built near _________________.
sources of energy, such as water and coal
3. Merchants and factory owners were part of a growing ______________________ that became wealthy as a result of industrialization.
middle class (made up of skilled workers, professionals, business-people, and wealthy farmers)
4. Some factory owners, merchants, and investment bankers grew wealthier than the _____________________________ and ________________________________.
landowners and aristocrats
5. Poor workers saw little improvement in their lives and some workers, such as the __________________, smashed the machines they thought were taking their jobs.
Luddites
6. List five positive effects of the Industrial Revolution:
- created jobs for workers
- contributed to the wealth of the nation
- fostered technological progress and invention
- increased production of goods and raised the standard of living
- expanded educational opportunities
- allowed local, state, and federal governments to invest in urban improvements
- contributed to the wealth of the nation
- fostered technological progress and invention
- increased production of goods and raised the standard of living
- expanded educational opportunities
- allowed local, state, and federal governments to invest in urban improvements
7. Labor eventually won _________________________, ____________________, and _________________________.
higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions (after they joined together to form labor unions)
8. The _________________________, passed in 1819, restricted working age and hours, but children still did heavy work in factories for years afterward.
Factory Act
1. The term _____________________ refers to the economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference.
laissez faire