Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria

Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria
Spouse(s)	Taddea Visconti Elisabeth of Cleves
Noble family	House of Wittelsbach
Father	Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria
Mother	Elisabeth of Sicily
Born	c. 1337
Died	26 September 1413(1413-09-26) Niederschönenfeld

Duke Stephen III of Bavaria (German, in full: Stephan III der Kneißl, Herzog von Bayern; 1337 – 26 September 1413, Niederschönenfeld) was a Duke of Bavaria since 1375. He was the eldest son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.

Family

His maternal grandparents were Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou. Her parents were Charles II of Naples and Maria Arpad of Hungary.

Maria was a daughter of Stephen V of Hungary and his wife, queen Elisabeth, who was daughter of Zayhan of Kuni, a chief of the Cuman tribe and had been a pagan before her marriage.

Stephen V was a son of Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina. Maria Laskarina was a daughter of Theodore I Lascaris and Anna Angelina. Anna was daughter of Eastern Roman Emperor Alexius III and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina.

Reign

From 1375 to 1392, Stephen ruled Bavaria with his brothers Frederick and John II. However, in 1392, Bavaria was split into three separate Duchies, now consisting of Bavaria-Landshut, Bavaria-Ingolstadt and Bavaria-Munich. John II partitioned Bavaria as the result of his refusal to finance his brothers' expensive ambitions in the Italian court. After the division of Bavaria, Stephen retained Bavaria-Ingolstadt, although he soon came to regard his share to be inferior to the other two Duchies. From 1395 to 1397, he also jointly held Bavaria-Munich with John II, after an armed conflict between the brothers.

After the deaths of both of his brothers, Stephen attempted to extend his Duchy, this time causing conflict with his nephews. In opposition to them, Stephen also supported King Rupert against the Luxemburg. In 1402 Stephen was forced by his nephew Ernest to confine his reign to Bavaria-Ingolstadt. In 1403, he supported the citizens' uprising in Munich, although that failed. His final attempt in 1410 to reconquer Tyrol, which his father had ceded to the Grand Duchy of Habsburg was likewise unsuccessful.

Family and children

He was married twice. First, he was married on 13 October 1364 to Taddea Visconti, daughter of Bernabò Visconti and Beatrice della Scala. Second, he was married in Cologne on 16 January 1401 to Elisabeth of Cleves, daughter of Count Adolf III of Cleves. He had, from his first marriage, a son, Louis VII the Bearded, who succeeded him in Bavaria-Ingolstadt, and a daughter, who became the French queen, Isabeau of Bavaria.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria

16. Otto II, Duke of Bavaria               8. Louis II, Duke of Bavaria                       17. Agnes of the Palatinate               4. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor                             18. Rudolph I of Germany               9. Matilda of Habsburg                       19. Gertrude of Hohenburg               2. Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria                                   20. Bolesław II Rogatka               10. Bolko I the Strict                       21. Hedwig of Anhalt               5. Beatrice of Silesia                             22. Otto V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel               11. Beatrice of Brandenburg                       23. Judith of Henneberg               1. Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria                                         24. James I of Aragon               12. Peter III of Aragon                       25. Violant of Hungary               6. Frederick III of Sicily                             26. Manfred of Sicily               13. Constance of Sicily                       27. Beatrice of Savoy               3. Elisabeth of Sicily                                   28. Charles I of Naples               14. Charles II of Naples                       29. Beatrice of Provence               7. Eleanor of Anjou                             30. Stephen V of Hungary               15. Mary of Hungary                       31. Elizabeth the Cuman

Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria House of Wittelsbach Born: 1337 Died: 26 September 1413[aged 76]
Regnal titles
Preceded by Stephen II	Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt 1375–1413	Succeeded by Louis VII the Bearded