Moravia

Moravia (Morava;; Morawy; Moravia) is a historical country in the Czech Republic (forming its eastern part) and one of the historical Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. ^[1]

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War II puppet states, Litenčice, Litice Castle, Litoměřice, Litomyšl, Litovel, Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area, Livia Rothkirchen, Lola Beer Ebner, Lomcovak, Louis Antoine de Gontaut, Lower Morava Valley, Lubno (Frýdlant nad Ostravicí), Ludvík Kundera, Ludvík Svoboda, Ludwig III of Bavaria, Ludwig Karl Schmarda, Ludwig Minkus, Luftwaffe units before the 1939 invasion of Poland, Luhačovice, Luise del Zopp, Luitpold of Znojmo, Lukov Castle, Lullaby, Lumír Ondřej Hanuš, Lusatia, Lusatian Mountains, Madonna of Veveri, Magdalena Kožená, Magnoald Ziegelbauer, Majetín, Malleus Maleficarum, Malting Institute in Brno, Malverina, Manó Kogutowicz, Manhartsberg, March 1916, March 1928, Marcomannic Wars, Marcus Aurelius, Margaret of Opava, Margraviate of Austria, Margraviate of Moravia, Maria Christina of Austria, Maria Stona, Maria Theresa, Marian and Holy Trinity columns, Mariazell Basilica, Marie Rappold, Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Marija Ružička Strozzi, Martin Bauzer, Martin 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Aaron Chorin

Aaron Chorin (אהרן חארין; August 3, 1766August 24, 1844) was a Hungarian rabbi and pioneer of early religious reform.

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Aaron Ezekiel Harif

Aaron Jacob ben Ezekiel Harif was a Hungarian scholar; died at Nikolsburg, April 10, 1670.

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Aaron Samuel Kaidanover

Aaron Samuel ben Israel Kaidanover (1614 in Vilna – December 1, 1676, in Chmielnik) (Hebrew: אהרן שמואל קאידנוור) was a Polish-Lithuanian rabbi.

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Abortion in the Czech Republic

Abortion in the Czech Republic is legally allowed up to 12 weeks of pregnancy, with medical indications up to 24 weeks of pregnancy, in case of grave problems with the fetus at any time.

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Abraham Neuda

Abraham Neuda (1812 at Loštice, Moravia – February 22, 1854 in Loštice) was an Austrian rabbi.

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Abraham Samuel Bacharach

Abraham Samuel Bacharach was a Rabbi, born about 1575; died in Gernsheim, Grand Duchy of Hesse, May 26, 1615.

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Acicula parcelineata

Acicula parcelineata is a species of small land snail with an operculum, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Aciculidae.

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AD 40

AD 40 (XL) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Adam Jerzy Czartoryski

Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski (Аdomas Jurgis Čartoriskis, also known as Adam George Czartoryski in English; 14 January 177015 July 1861) was a Polish nobleman, statesman and author.

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Adamites

The Adamites, or Adamians, were adherents of an Early Christian sect that gathered in North Africa in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th centuries.

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Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany

The Gaue (Singular: Gau) were the de facto administrative sub-divisions of Nazi Germany, eclipsing the de jure Länder (states) of Weimar Germany in 1934.

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Adolf Eichmann

Otto Adolf Eichmann (19 March 1906 – 1 June 1962) was a German Nazi SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust.

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Adolf Herz

Adolf Herz (1862–1947 in Lucerne), an Austrian Mechanical Engineer was born in 1862 in Nový Jičín (Neutitschein), Moravia, now part of the Czech Republic, as son of a well-to-do brewery owner.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

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Adolf Jellinek

Adolf Jellinek (אהרן ילינק Aharon Jelinek; 26 June 1821 in Drslavice, nearby Uherské Hradiště, Habsburg Moravia (now Czech Republic)28 December 1893 in Vienna) was an Austrian rabbi and scholar.

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Adolfo Veber Tkalčević

Adolfo Veber Tkalčević (11 May 1825 − 6 August 1889) was a Croatian philologist, writer, literary critic, aestheticist and politician.

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Afrikaans exonyms

Below is list of Afrikaans exonyms.

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Aftermath of World War I

The aftermath of World War I saw drastic political, cultural, economic, and social change across Eurasia (Europe and Asia), Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved.

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Agnatic seniority

Agnatic seniority is a patrilineal principle of inheritance where the order of succession to the throne prefers the monarch's younger brother over the monarch's own sons.

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Agnes Tyrrell

Agnes Tyrrell (20 September 1846 – 18 April 1883) was a Czech-born pianist and composer.

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Alajos Drávecz

Alajos Drávecz (Alojz Dravec) (29 November 1866 – 28 August 1915) Slovenian ethnologist and writer.

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Albert Kutal

Albert Kutal (9 January 1904, Hranice na Moravě – 27 December 1976, Brno) was a Czech art historian of Moravian descent who established classifying principles of Central European Gothic sculpture as one of the first to study and analyse the medieval art of Bohemia and Moravia, and the influence upon it of Southern European iconography.

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Albin Oppenheim

Albin Oppenheim (January 8, 1875 – November 20, 1945) was an American Orthodontist who contributed significantly towards understanding in Orthodontics about the biology of Tooth Movement.

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Albin Polasek

Albin Polasek (February 14, 1879 – May 19, 1965) was a Czech-American sculptor and educator.

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Albrecht von Wallenstein

Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein (Albrecht Václav Eusebius z Valdštejna; 24 September 158325 February 1634),Schiller, Friedrich.

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Aleksander Brückner

Aleksander Brückner (29 January 1856 – 24 May 1939) was a Polish scholar of Slavic languages and literatures (Slavistics), philologist, lexicographer and historian of literature.

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Alexander Izvolsky

Count Alexander Petrovich Izvolsky or Iswolsky (Алекса́ндр Петро́вич Изво́льский,, Moscow – 16 August 1919, Paris) was a Russian diplomat remembered as a major architect of Russia's alliance with Great Britain during the years leading to the outbreak of the First World War.

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Alexander Makowsky

Alexander Makowsky (17 December 1833 in Zwittau – 30 November 1908 in Brünn) was an Austrian botanist, geologist and paleontologist.

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Alexander Roda Roda

Alexander Roda Roda (born Šandor Friedrich Rosenfeld; April 13, 1872 – August 20, 1945) was an Austrian writer.

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Alexander Uriah Boskovich

Alexander (Sándor) Uriah Boskovich (אלכסנדר (שאנדור) אוריה בּוֹסְקוֹביץ; August 16, 1907 – November 5, 1964) was an Israeli composer.

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Alexander von Krobatin

Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin (12 September 1849 – 28 September 1933) was an Austrian Field Marshal and Imperial Minister for War between 1912 and 1917.

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Alfred Ehrenreich

Alfred Ehrenreich (1882-1931) had been fascinated by sharks from an early age.

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Alfred Proksch (politician)

Alfred Proksch (8 March 1891 in Larischau (Láryšov; now a part of Býkov-Láryšov (Pickau-Larischau), nearby Jägerndorf, Austrian Silesia – 3 January 1981 in Vienna) was an Austrian Nazi Party official. Proksch enrolled in the Kaiser Infantry Regiment No. 1 of the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1910 and then the Railway Academy in Linz in 1912 before taking a job with the government railways. He returned to the army in 1914 with the Infantry Regiment No. 91 and saw action during the First World War in Poland and Russia.Philip Rees, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890, 1990, p. 305 He first became involved in politics in 1912 when he joined the German Workers' Party and worked on behalf of the party in Silesia and Moravia. After his war service Proksch settled in the now much smaller Austria and returned to politics by rejoining the renamed Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei.Rees, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right, p. 306 Proksch met Adolf Hitler in his earliest years as a Nazi and became a loyal follower of the German from then on. Proksch launched the Nazis in Upper Austria, where he would serve as Gauleiter, and founded both the party newspaper Volksstimme and the NSP-Verlag publishing house. In 1922, Proksch began to team up with the Passau National Socialists to fight against leftists in Linz. Later, he was a featured speaker in Passau and other towns in Lower Bavaria. He also served on Linz City Council for the party from 1923 to 1932. Proksch was appointed deputy Landesleiter in 1928 and then held the full leader's post between 1931 and 1933, although real power rested with Hitler's German appointee Theodor Habicht. However Proksch did have strong influence over finances and he was credited with eliminating the 30,000 schillings of debt that the party found itself in. He fled to Germany on 24 June 1933 following the banning of the Nazi Party in Austria but returned in time to take part in the coup attempt that resulted in the killing of Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934. Returning to Germany, he was elected to the Reichstag in 1936. Given Proksch's position as a Hitler loyalist his profile was raised following the Anschluss, in keeping with the other leaders of that tendency. Appointed to the Sturmabteilung as a Gruppenführer he was promoted to Obergruppenführer in 1943. In 1940 he was also made a Reichstreuhänder der Arbeit and served as president of the labour office for Vienna and Lower and Upper Danube.

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Alois Hába

Alois Hába (21 June 1893 – 18 November 1973) was a Czech composer, music theorist and teacher.

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Alois Vašátko

Alois Vašátko DFC (25 August 1908 – 23 June 1942) was a Czechoslovak artillery officer who became an air force pilot.

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Alois Vojtěch Šembera

Alois Vojtěch Šembera, also Alois Adalbert Sembera or Alois Adalbert Schembera (March 21, 1807 in Vysoké Mýto, Bohemia, Austrian Empire – March 23, 1882 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary) was a Czech linguist, historian of literature, writer, journalist and patriot.

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Aloys I, Prince of Liechtenstein

Aloys I, Prince of Liechtenstein (born Aloys Josef Johannes Nepomuk Melchior; 14 May 1759 in Vienna – 24 March 1805 in Vienna) was the Prince of Liechtenstein from 1781 until his death.

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Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein

Aloys II, Prince of Liechtenstein, born Aloys Maria Josef Johann Baptista Joachim Philipp Nerius (25/26 May 1796 – 12 November 1858), was the sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein between 1836 and 1858.

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Alphonse Mucha

Alfons Maria Mucha (24 July 1860 – 14 July 1939), known as Alphonse Mucha, was a Czech Art Nouveau painter and decorative artist, known best for his distinct style.

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Alpine chough

The Alpine chough, or yellow-billed chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus), is a bird in the crow family, one of only two species in the genus Pyrrhocorax.

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Altiphylax stoliczkai

Altiphylax stoliczkai, also known as the frontier bow-fingered gecko, Baltistan gecko, or Karakorum gecko is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae.

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Alzoniella slovenica

Alzoniella slovenica is a species of very small or minute freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae, which are sometimes known as the snouted water snails.

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Amatérská Cave

Amatérská Cave (in Czech Amatérská jeskyně, in English Amateurs Cave, not used) is part of longest cave system in the Moravia, Czech Republic.

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Anabaptist Museum (Austria)

The Anabaptist Museum is a part of the open-air museum Museumsdorf Niedersulz.

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Andreas Dudith

Andreas Dudith (Andrija Dudić Orehovički), also András Dudith de Horahovicza; * February 5, 1533 in Buda † February 22, 1589 in Wrocław), was a Hungarian nobleman of Croatian and Italian origin, bishop, humanist and diplomat in the Kingdom of Hungary. Dudith was born in Buda, capital city of the Kingdom of Hungary to a Hungarian noble family with Croatian origin. His father, Jeromos Dudits, was a Croatian and his mother was an Italian. He studied in Wrocław, Italy, Vienna, Brussels and Paris. In 1560 King Ferdinand I appointed him the bishop of Knin, Croatia. He then participated in the Council of Trent (1545–1563) where, in compliance with the wish of Ferdinand, he urged that the cup be given to the laity. Being appointed bishop of Pécs, Dudith went to Poland in 1565 as ambassador of Maximilian, where he married, and resigned his see, becoming an adherent of Protestantism. In Poland he began to sympathize with Socinian Anti-trinitarianism (the so-called Ecclesia Minor). Although he never declared himself officially a Unitarian, some researchers label him as one of the Anti-trinitarian thinkers. After the election of Stephen Báthory as king of Poland, Dudith left Kraków and went to Wrocław and later to Moravia, where he supported the Bohemian Brothers. Dudith maintained correspondence with famous Anti-trinitarians such as Giorgio Blandrata, Jacob Paleologus and Fausto Sozzini. Mihály Balázs, an expert on Central-European Anti-trinitarianism, affirms that Paleologus in Kraków lived in Dudić's house and departed from here to Transylvania. The theories of Blandrata, Sozzini and Ferenc Dávid had a great influence on him; nevertheless he always remained an Erasmian humanist, who condemned religious intolerance whether it came from Protestants or Catholics. Dudith died in 1589 in Wrocław and was buried in the Saint-Elizabeth Lutheran Church.

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Andreas Fischer (Anabaptist)

Andreas Fischer (ca. 1480 – 1540) was an Austrian/Moravian Anabaptist, and associate of Oswald Glaidt.

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Andreas Hofer (composer)

Andreas Hofer (ca. 162925 February 1684) was a German composer of the Baroque period.

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Andreas Jakob von Dietrichstein

Andreas Jakob von Dietrichstein (27 May 1689, Moravia – 5 January 1753, Salzburg) was successor to Prince-Archbishop Liechtenstein and ruled in Salzburg from 1747 to 1753, shortly before the birth of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

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Andreas Zelinka

Andreas Zelinka (Ondřej Zelinka; born 23 February 1802, in Vyškov, Moravia – 21 January 1868, in Vienna) served as the mayor of Vienna, Austria from 1861 to 1868.

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Anna Letenská

Anna Čalounová-Letenská (née Anna Svobodová) (29 August 1904 – 24 October 1942) was a Czech theatre and film actress.

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Anna Nitschmann

Anna Caritas Nitschmann (24 November 1715, Kunín, Moravia – 21 May 1760, Herrnhut, Lusatia) was a Moravian Brethren missionary (Missionarin), lyrical poet, and the second wife of Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf.

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Anna Spitzmüller

Anna Spitzmüller (September 6, 1903 – September 25, 2001) was an Austrian art historian, curator, and educator.

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Anna Ticho

Anna Ticho (Hebrew: אנה טיכו) (born October 27, 1894, died March 1, 1980) was a Jewish artist who became famous for her drawings of the Jerusalem hills.

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Anton Ehrenzweig

Anton Ehrenzweig (27 November 1908 – 5 December 1966) was an Austrian-born British theorist on modern art and modern music.

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Anton Freissler

Anton Freissler, aka Anton Freißler (March 13, 1838 in Klantendorf (Kujavy, Moravian–Silesian Region) – February 29, 1916) invented and developed a number of paternoster and elevators.

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Anton Gala

Anton Gala (March 12, 1891, Kunovice (Uherské Hradiště District), Moravia – August 29, 1977, Bratislava) was a Slovak university professor and scientist specializing in ophthalmology.

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Anton Josef Trčka

Anton Josef Trčka; 7 September 1893 – 16 March 1940) was an Austrian-born Czech photographer, painter and poet. He was mostly known for his portraits, which he signed with the name "Antios," a combination of his first and middle names. His studio was destroyed by a bomb in 1944, and photographs of artists Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele are some of the few surviving examples of his work. Trčka was born in Vienna to Czech parents who came from Moravia hence throughout his life he was connected with both Germanic and Czech cultures, and lived and worked in Prague and Vienna. In 1911 he entered the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. During that time he experimented with new photographic techniques, and some of his pictures were produced both in silver bromide and bromoil prints, as mirror images. He also often modified the background of a negative with a brush to create a more artistic expression. In the early 1910s Trčka reproduced some paintings of Egon Schiele. Trčka photographed Schiele in early 1914. Between 1916 and 1918 he served with the Austrian Army, and then worked as a military photographer. He resumed his studio work in 1924. Trčka died from gas poisoning aged 46. He was married to Clara Schlesinger.

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Anton Joseph Leeb

Anton Joseph Edler von Leeb was a mayor of Vienna.

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Anton Pilgram

Anton Pilgram (also Anton Pilchramb) (around 1460, Brno (?) – 1516, Vienna) was a late medieval Austrian (German) architect and sculptor active in the area of today's Czech Republic (Moravia), Austria and western Germany.

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Anton Rochel

Anton Rochel (18 June 1770, in Neunkirchen – 12 May 1847, in Graz) was an Austrian surgeon and naturalist, known for his botanical investigations of Banat and the Carpathians.

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Anton Schübirz von Chobinin

Anton Schübirz or Anton Schubirz von Chobinin (21 December 1748 – 11 June 1801) fought for Habsburg Austria against Ottoman Turkey and the French First Republic.

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Anton Schindler

Anton Felix Schindler (13 June 1795 – 16 January 1864) was an associate, secretary, and early biographer of Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Anton Schrötter von Kristelli

Anton Schrötter von Kristelli (26 November 1802 – 15 April 1875) was an Austrian chemist and mineralogist born in Olomouc, Moravia.

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Antonín Brus z Mohelnice

Antonín Brus (Anton) (13 February 1518 – 28 August 1580) was a Moravian Archbishop of Prague.

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Antonín Tučapský

Antonín Tučapský (27 March 1928 – 9 September 2014) was a Czech composer.

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Apostolic Administration of Český Těšín

The Apostolic Administration of Český Těšín was a short-lived (1947-78) pre-diocesan Latin Catholic jurisdiction in Czechoslovakia.

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Appeasement

Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.

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Apricot brandy

Apricot brandy can refer to a liquor (or Eau rmentation (food)|fermented apricot juice or a liqueur made from apricot flesh and kernels.

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Archangel Michael's Church (Znojmo)

Situated in Znojmo, the third most important historic city of Moravia.

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Archbishopric of Salzburg

The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (Fürsterzbistum Salzburg) was an ecclesiastical principality and state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Archduchy of Austria

The Archduchy of Austria (Erzherzogtum Österreich) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire and the nucleus of the Habsburg Monarchy.

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Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria

Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria (Erzherzog Karl Stephan von Österreich, Arcyksiążę Karol Stefan Habsburg; 5 September 1860 – 7 April 1933) was a member of the House of Habsburg, a Grand Admiral in the Austro-Hungarian Navy and candidate for the Polish crown.

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Archduke Eugen of Austria

Archduke Eugen Ferdinand Pius Bernhard Felix Maria of Austria-Teschen (21 May 1863 – 30 December 1954) was an Archduke of Austria and a Prince of Hungary and Bohemia.

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Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen

Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen (Friedrich Maria Albrecht Wilhelm Karl; 4 June 1856 – 30 December 1936) was a member of the House of Habsburg and the Supreme Commander of the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I.

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Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria

Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria (Vienna, 29 July 1818 – Gross Seelowitz (Židlochovice Castle), 20 November 1874) was the second son of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen (1771–1847) and Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg, and the maternal grandfather of King Alfonso XIII of Spain.

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Areas annexed by Nazi Germany

There were many areas annexed by Nazi Germany both immediately before and throughout the course of World War II.

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Armistice of Znaim

The Armistice of Znaim was a ceasefire agreed between Archduke Charles and Napoleon I on 12 July 1809 following the Battle of Znaim, effectively ending hostilities between Austria and France in the War of the Fifth Coalition.

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Arnold Walter

Arnold Maria Walter, OC (August 30, 1902 - October 6, 1973) was a Canadian musicologist, educator, composer and writer.

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Arthur Nikisch

Arthur Nikisch (12 October 185523 January 1922) was a Hungarian conductor who performed internationally, holding posts in Boston, London, Leipzig and—most importantly—Berlin.

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Arthur Seyss-Inquart

Arthur Seyss-Inquart (German:; 22 July 189216 October 1946) was an Austrian Nazi politician who served as Chancellor of Austria for two days – from 11 to 13 March 1938 – before the Anschluss annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany, signing the constitutional law as acting head of state upon the resignation of President Wilhelm Miklas.

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Arthur von Briesen

Arthur von Briesen (26 September 1891 – 15 May 1981) was a Generalmajor in the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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Artur Schnabel

Artur Schnabel (17 April 1882 – 15 August 1951) was an Austrian classical pianist, who also composed and taught.

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Asriel Günzig

Asriel Günzig (also known as Azriel Günzig, Ezriel Günzig, Israel Günzig, Izrael Günzig, or J. Günzig) (עזריאל גינציג) was a rabbi, scholar, bookseller, editor and writer.

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Astronomical clock

An astronomical clock is a clock with special mechanisms and dials to display astronomical information, such as the relative positions of the sun, moon, zodiacal constellations, and sometimes major planets.

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Auerbach (Jewish family)

The Jewish family Auerbach, Авербах (אוּרבּך) of the 16th to 19th century was a family of scholars, the progenitor of which was Moses Auerbach, born around 1462, court Jew to the bishop of Regensburg as of around 1497.

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August 26

No description.

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Augustin Barruel

Augustin Barruel (October 2, 1741 – October 5, 1820) was a French publicist and Jesuit priest.

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Augustinians

The term Augustinians, named after Augustine of Hippo (354–430), applies to two distinct types of Catholic religious orders, dating back to the first millennium but formally created in the 13th century, and some Anglican religious orders, created in the 19th century, though technically there is no "Order of St.

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Augustinus Olomucensis

Augustinus Olomucensis (March 1467, Olomouc – 3 November 1513, Olomouc) was a Moravian humanist and theologian.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.

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Austria–Czech Republic relations

Austria – Czech Republic relations are the neighborly relations between Austria and the Czech Republic, two member states of the European Union.

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Austria–Hungary football rivalry

The Austria–Hungary rivalry is a highly competitive sports rivalry that exists between the national football teams of the two countries, as well as their respective sets of fans.

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Austria–Hungary relations

Austria–Hungary relations are the neighborly relations between Austria and Hungary, two member states of the European Union.

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Austrian Northwestern Railway

The Austrian Northwestern Railway (German: Österreichische Nordwestbahn, ÖNWB, Czech: Rakouská severozápadní dráha) was the name of a former railway company during the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy.

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Austrian Parliament Building

The Austrian Parliament Building (Parlamentsgebäude, colloquially das Parlament) in Vienna is where the two houses of the Austrian Parliament conduct their sessions.

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Austrian Silesia

Austrian Silesia (Österreichisch-Schlesien (historically also Oesterreichisch-Schlesien, Oesterreichisch Schlesien, österreichisch Schlesien); Rakouské Slezsko; Śląsk Austriacki), officially the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia (Herzogtum Ober- und Niederschlesien (historically Herzogthum Ober- und Niederschlesien); Vévodství Horní a Dolní Slezsko), was an autonomous region of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Austrian Empire, from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary.

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Austrian walled towns

Walled towns in Austria started to appear in the 11th century.

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Austrians

Austrians (Österreicher) are a Germanic nation and ethnic group, native to modern Austria and South Tyrol that share a common Austrian culture, Austrian descent and Austrian history.

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Authors' Reading Month

Authors' Reading Month is the largest Central European literary festival running annually since 2000.

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Ábrahám Lederer

Abraham Lederer (Lederer Ábrahám, Léderer Ábrahám; January 9, 1827, Libochovice, Bohemia – September 17, 1916, Budapest) was a Czech-Hungarian educator and writer.

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Újezd u Brna

Újezd u Brna (Aujest) is a town in the Czech Republic located near the city of Brno.

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Čachtice

Čachtice (pronounced, Csejte) is a village in Nové Mesto nad Váhom District in western Slovakia with a population of 4,010 (as of 2014).

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Čachtice Castle

Čachtice Castle (Čachtický hrad, Csejte vára) is a castle ruin in Slovakia next to the village of Čachtice.

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Čermná ve Slezsku

Čermná ve Slezsku is a village in the district of Opava, Moravia, Czech Republic.

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Červená hora (Nízký Jeseník)

Červená hora (Red Mountain) is a flat geological formation in the Nízký Jeseník mountain range in Moravia, the Czech Republic.

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Červená Voda (Ústí nad Orlicí District)

Červená Voda (Mährisch Rothwasser) is a village in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic with a population of 3,264 (2006), is situated in a valley 19 km north-west from the city of Šumperk and belongs to the Okres Ústí nad Orlicí district.

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Česká Lípa

Česká Lípa (Böhmisch-Leipa, לאיפא Laypa) is a city in the Czech Republic.

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Česká zbrojovka Uherský Brod

Česká zbrojovka a.s. Uherský Brod (ČZUB) (English: Czech Arms Factory) is a Czech firearms manufacturer.

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České Budějovice

České Budějovice (Budweis or Böhmisch Budweis, Budovicium) is a statutory city in the Czech Republic.

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Český Krumlov

Český Krumlov (Krumau or Böhmisch Krumau), is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Českomoravská

Českomoravská is a Prague Metro station on Line B opened in 1990.

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Šárka Pančochová

Šárka Pančochová (born 1 November 1990) is a Czech snowboarder.

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Špilberk Castle

Špilberk Castle (German: Spielberg) is a castle on the hilltop in Brno, Southern Moravia.

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Štíty

Štíty (until 1949 Šilperk Schildberg) is a small town in the Olomouc Region of Moravia, in the Czech Republic.

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Štěpán Trochta

Štěpán Trochta (26 March 1905 – 6 April 1974) was a Czech Roman Catholic cardinal in the former Czechoslovakia who served as the Bishop of Litoměřice from 1947 until his death and was a professed member from the Salesians of Don Bosco.

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Šternberk

---- Šternberk ((Mährisch-)Sternberg) is a town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.

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Štramberk ears

Štramberk ears is a Moravian confectionery product made of corn-shaped gingerbread dough traditionally baked in the Štramberk and the surrounding area of Moravia.

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Šumperk

Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg) is a district town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.

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Šumperk District

Šumperk District (Okres Šumperk) is a district (okres) within the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic with a population of 123 890.

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Želiezovce group

The Želiezovce group was an archaeological group ("culture") during the first part of the Middle Neolithic period in western Slovakia, Spiš, Transdanubia, adjacent Austria, southern Moravia, and southern and south-eastern Poland.

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Židlochovice

Židlochovice (Groß Seelowitz) is a town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Živnostenská banka

Živnostenská banka (also known under acronyms ŽB or ZIBA) was a major commercial bank operating in the Czech Republic.

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Žuráň

Žuráň (268 metres) is a small hill near the village of Podolí in the Czech Republic.

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Baška (Frýdek-Místek District)

Baška is a municipality in Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Babefphite

Babefphite is a rare phosphate mineral with the general formula BaBe(PO4)(F,OH).

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Bacău

Bacău (Barchau, Bákó) is the main city in Bacău County, Romania.

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Baden culture

The Baden culture, 3600–2800 BC, is a Chalcolithic culture found in Central and Southeast Europe.

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Baemi

The Baemi, (Bæmi) or Baimoi, were a Germanic tribe who are only known by their mention in Ptolemy's Geography.

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Baidar

Baidar was the second son of Chagatai Khan.

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Balog de Manko Bük

Balogh von Mankobük or Balog de Manko Bück in its present Germanized form, mankóbüki Balogh in Hungarian, is a noble family from the Habsburg Monarchy, originally from the region of Sopron/Ödenburg, which belongs to the historical Hungarian nobility.

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Balthasar Hubmaier

Balthasar Hubmaier, also Hubmair, Hubmayr, Hubmeier, Huebmör, Hubmör, Friedberger, Pacimontanus (c. 1480 in Friedberg, Duchy of Bavaria in the Holy Roman Empire 10 March, 1528 in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria in the Holy Roman Empire) was an influential German Anabaptist leader.

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Baltic-Adriatic Corridor

The Baltic-Adriatic Corridor or Baltic-Adriatic Axis (Baltisch-Adriatische Achse) is a European initiative to create a high capacity north-south railway corridor connecting Gdańsk on the Baltic Sea with Bologna and the Adriatic.

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Banker's lamp

The banker's lamp (or Emeralite) is a style of electric table lamp characterised by a brass stand, green glass lamp shade and pull-chain switch (though modern versions may make use of alternate switch types).

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Banochaemae

The Banochaemae, Baenochaemae, Bainochaimai or Bonochamae were a Germanic tribe recorded only in the Geography of Claudius Ptolemy.

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Baron Diego Pereira d'Aguilar

Baron Diego Lopes Pereira d'Aguilar (born 1699 Portugal; died 10 August 1759, London) was an Austro-English Jewish businessman, community leader and philanthropist, originally a Portuguese converso, who lived in the 18th century.

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Barthold Douma van Burmania

Barthold Douma van Burmania (bapt. 17 November 1695 in Hallum – 24 March 1766 in Vienna) was a Dutch statesman and ambassador to the court of Vienna in the eighteenth century.

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Bartosz Paprocki

Bartosz Paprocki (also Bartholomeus Paprocky or Bartholomew Paprocki, Bartłomiej (Bartosz) Paprocki, Bartoloměj Paprocký z Hlahol a Paprocké Vůle; ca. 1540/43 in Paprocka Wola near Sierpc – 27 December 1614 in Lviv, Poland, today Ukraine) was a Polish and Czech writer, historiographer, translator, poet, heraldist and pioneer in Polish and Bohemian-Czech genealogy (often referred to as the "father of Polish and Bohemian-Czech genealogy").

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Baruch Fränkel-Teomim

Baruch ben Yehoshua Yechezkel Feivel Fränkel-Te'omim, Boruch Frankel Thumim (1760–1828) was a rabbi, Talmudist at Vishnitsa, Austrian Galicia, and at Leipnik, Moravia, during the 1st half of the 19th century.

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Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady, Brno

The Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady in Old Brno Abbey is a high Gothic, monumental convent temple.

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Bast shoe

Bast shoes are shoes made primarily from bast — fiber taken from the bark of trees such as linden or birch.

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Bata Shoes

Bata Brands is a multinational shoes maker based in Lausanne, Switzerland.

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Battle of Austerlitz

The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Biskupice

The Battle of Biskupice (Püspöki csata, Schlacht bei Bischdorf, Bitka pri Biskupiciach) was a battle between the Kurucs (Hungarians) and the Danish auxiliaries of the Habsburg army in April 21, 1704.

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Battle of Chlumec

The Battle of Chlumec was the culmination of a 12th-century war of succession in the Duchy of Bohemia.

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Battle of Dürenstein

The Battle of Dürenstein (Schlacht bei Dürnstein; also known as Dürrenstein, Dürnstein and Diernstein), on 11 November 1805, was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition.

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Battle of Domstadtl

The Battle of Domstadtl, also spelled Domstadt, Czech Domašov, was a battle between Habsburg Monarchy and Kingdom of Prussia at a Moravian village Domašov nad Bystřicí during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War) on 30 June 1758, preceded by a minor clash at Guntramovice (Gundersdorf) on 28 June.

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Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf

The Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf (30 August 1757) was a victory for the Russian force under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin over a smaller Prussian force commanded by Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt, during the Seven Years' War.

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Battle of Grunwald

The Battle of Grunwald, First Battle of Tannenberg or Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War.

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Battle of Hochkirch

The Battle of Hochkirch took place on 14 October 1758 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).

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Battle of Hollabrunn (1809)

The Battle of Hollabrunn was a rearguard action fought on 9 July 1809 by Austrian VI Korps of the ''Kaiserlich-königliche Hauptarmee Hauptarmee'' under Johann von Klenau against elements of the French IV Corps of the ''Grande Armée d'Allemagne'', under the command of André Masséna.

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Battle of Ilava

The Battle of Ilava was a battle in the Hussite Wars between the Hussites and the Hungarian-Royalists army near Ilava (hist. Lewa) in Upper Hungary (today mostly Slovakia) on November 11, 1431.

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Battle of Koroncó

The Battle of Koroncó took place on 13 June 1704 at Koroncó in Moson County, Hungary between the Kurucs (Hungarians) and the army of Habsburg Empire (Germans, Danes, Serbs, Croats).

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Battle of Kunersdorf

The decisive Battle of Kunersdorf occurred on 12 August 1759 near Kunersdorf (Kunowice), immediately east of Frankfurt an der Oder (the second largest city in Prussia).

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Battle of Mailberg

The Battle of Mailberg took place on 12 May 1082.

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Battle of Memmingen

The Battle of Memmingen was a battle at Memmingen during the 1805 German campaign of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Nagysalló

The Battle of Nagysalló was fought on 19 April 1849, was one of the battles of the Spring Campaign in the Hungarian War of Independence from 1848–1849, fought between the Habsburg Empire and the Hungarian Revolutionary Army.

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Battle of Neu Titschein

The Battle of Neu Titschein or Titschein (Moravia, now Nový Jičín, Czech Republic) was fought on 25 July 1621 during the Thirty Years' War between the Roman Catholic forces of Jean de Gauchier and the Protestant army of Johann Georg Jägerndorf of Hohenzollern.

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Battle of Pressburg

The Battle of Pressburg (Schlacht von Pressburg) or Battle of Pozsony (Pozsonyi csata), or Battle of Bratislava (Bitka pri Bratislave) was a three-day-long battle, fought between 4–6 July 907, during which the East Francian army, consisting mainly of Bavarian troops led by Margrave Luitpold, was annihilated by Hungarian forces.

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Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)

The Battle of Saint Gotthard (Szentgotthárdi csata; Saint Gotthard Muharebesi; Schlacht bei Mogersdorf and Schlacht bei St.; Bataille de Saint-Gothard) was fought on August 1, 1664 as part of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664), between an Habsburg army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, Jean de Coligny-Saligny, Wolfgang Julius, Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, Prince Leopold of Baden, Georg Friedrich of Waldeck and an Ottoman army under the command of Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Paşa.

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Battle of Schöngrabern

The Battle of Schöngrabern, also known as the Battle of Hollabrunn, was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition, fought on 16 November 1805 near Hollabrunn in Lower Austria, four weeks after the Battle of Ulm and two weeks before the Battle of Austerlitz (Slavkov, Moravia - now Czech Republic).

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Battle of Smolenice

The Battle of Smolenice (Szomolányi csata, Schlacht bei Smolenitz, Bitka pri Smoleniciach) was a battle between the Kuruc (a group of Hungarian peasants and irregular warriors), and the forces of the Habsburg Empire, soldiers of the Holy Roman Empire and auxiliaries from Denmark.

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Battle of the Standard

The Battle of the Standard, sometimes called the Battle of Northallerton, in which English forces repelled a Scottish army, took place on 22 August 1138 on Cowton Moor near Northallerton in Yorkshire.

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Battle of Trenčín

The Battle of Trenčín (Schlacht bei Trentschin, Trencséni csata, Bitka pri Trenčíne) was a battle between the Hungarian Kuruc forces of Francis II Rákóczi and the Imperial Army of the Habsburgs.

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Battle of Trnava (1430)

The Battle of Trnava or Battle of Nagyszombat was a battle in the Hussite Wars between the Hussites and the Hungarian-Royalists-Serbian army near Trnava (Nagyszombat) in the Kingdom of Hungary (today in Slovakia).

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Battle of Vyšehrad

The Battle of Vyšehrad was a series of engagements at the start of the Hussite War between Hussite forces and Catholic crusaders sent by Emperor Sigismund.

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Battle of Wagram

The Battle of Wagram (5–6 July 1809) was a military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars that ended in a costly but decisive victory for Emperor Napoleon I's French and allied army against the Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles of Austria-Teschen.

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Battle of Wischau

The Battle of Wischau occurred on 25 November 1805, between the Russian and French armies.

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Battle of Wisternitz

The Battle of Wisternitz or Dolní Věstonice was fought on August 5, 1619 between a Moravian force under Friedrich von Tiefenbach (Teuffenbach) and an Austrian army under:de:Heinrich von Dampierre.

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Battle of Zorndorf

The Battle of Zorndorf, fought on August 25, 1758 during the Seven Years' War, was fought between Russian troops commanded by Count William Fermor and a Prussian army commanded by King Frederick the Great. The battle was tactically inconclusive, with both armies holding their ground and claiming victory.Franz A.J. Szabo. The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756–1763. Routledge. 2013. P. 167 The site of the battle was the Prussian village of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland).

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Battle of Zsibó

Battle of Zsibó (Zsibói csata, Schlacht bei Siben, Bătălia de la Jibou) was fought on November 15, 1705 between the Kuruc (Hungarian) army (supported by French contingents) and forces of the Habsburg Empire, Kingdom of Denmark and Vojvodian Serbs in Zsibó, Principality of Transylvania (today: Jibou, Romania).

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Battle on the Marchfeld

The Battle on the Marchfeld (i.e. Morava Field; Bitva na Moravském poli; Morvamezei csata) at Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen took place on 26 August 1278 and was a decisive event for the history of Central Europe for the following centuries.

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Batu Khan

Batu Khan (Бат хаан, Bat haan, Бату хан, Bá dū, хан Баты́й, Μπατού; c. 1207–1255), also known as Sain Khan (Good Khan, Сайн хаан, Sayn hân) and Tsar Batu, was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire.

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Bayan I

Bayan I was the first khagan of the Avar Khaganate, between 562 and 602.

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Býčí skála Cave

Býčí skála Cave (in Czech Býčí skála, in German Stierfelsen, in English The Bull Rock Cave) is part of the second longest cave system in the Moravia, Czech Republic.

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Břeclav

Břeclav (Lundenburg; Leventevár) is a town in the Moravia, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic, approximately 55 km southeast of Brno.

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Břetislav Bakala

Břetislav Bakala (Fryšták, 12 February 1897 – Brno, 1 April 1958) was a Czech conductor, pianist, and composer.

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Březí (Břeclav District)

Březí (Bratelsbrunn) is a village in Břeclav District, South Moravian Region, Czech Republic.

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Březová (Uherské Hradiště District)

Březová is a village and municipality (obec) in Uherské Hradiště District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic.

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Březová nad Svitavou

Březová nad Svitavou (Brüsau) is a small town in Svitavy District in the Czech Republic.

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Beaker culture

The Bell-Beaker culture (sometimes shortened to Beaker culture), is the term for a widely scattered archaeological culture of prehistoric western and Central Europe, starting in the late Neolithic or Chalcolithic and running into the early Bronze Age (in British terminology).

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Beckov Castle

Beckov Castle (Beckovský hrad/Beckov; Beckói vár) is a castle in ruins located near the village of Beckov in Nové Mesto nad Váhom District, Trenčín Region, western Slovakia.

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Beda Dudík

Beda František Dudík (29 January 1815, at Kojetín, Moravia – 18 January 1890, as abbot and titular bishop at the monastery of Raigern) was a Benedictine Moravian historian.

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Bedřich Antonín Wiedermann

Bedřich Antonín Wiedermann (November 10, 1883 in Ivanovice na Hané, Moravia – November 5, 1951 in Prague) was a Czech organist, composer, and teacher.

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Bedřich Pokorný

Bedřich Pokorný (6 March 1904 Brno – 25 March 1968 Brno) was a Czechoslovak secret service officer.

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Bedřich Smetana

Bedřich Smetana (2 March 1824 – 12 May 1884) was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his country's aspirations to independent statehood.

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Bedřichovice

Bedřichovice is a village in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic, about 3 kilometres to the East of Brno, an administrative part of Šlapanice (around 7.000 people).

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Behind the Shadows

Behind the Shadows is an album by Moravian folk metal band Silent Stream of Godless Elegy, originally released in 1998 by Redblack.

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Beneš decrees

The Decrees of the President of the Republic (Dekrety presidenta republiky, Dekréty prezidenta republiky) and the Constitutional Decrees of the President of the Republic (Ústavní dekrety presidenta republiky, Ústavné dekréty prezidenta republiky), commonly known as the Beneš decrees, were a series of laws drafted by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in the absence of the Czechoslovak parliament during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in World War II.

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Berlin 1881 chess tournament

The Deutscher Schachbund (DSB, the German Chess Federation) had been founded in Leipzig on July 18, 1877.

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Bernard Connor

Bernard Connor or O'Connor M.D. (c.1666–1698) was an Irish physician and historian.

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Bernard Grun

Bernard Grun (Bernhard Grün; 11 February 1901 28 December 1972) was a German.

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Bernard Illowy

Rabbi Dr.

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Bernard Rudofsky

Bernard Rudofsky (April 19 1905 - March 12, 1988) was a Czech American writer, architect, collector, teacher, designer, and social historian.

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Bernard Szumborski

Bernard Szumborski (Bernard von Zinnenberg) was a Moravian knight and a mercenary.

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Bernardino Ochino

Bernardino Ochino (1487–1564) was an Italian, who was raised a Roman Catholic and later turned to Protestantism and became a Protestant reformer.

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Bernd Posselt

Bernd Posselt (born June 4, 1956) is a German politician, who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1994 to 2014, representing the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) and the European People's Party (EPP).

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Bernhard von Eskeles

Bernhard, Knight and Baron von Eskeles (BernhardRitter und Freiherr von Eskeles) (12 February 1753, Vienna – 7 August 1839, Hietzing (near Vienna, now Vienna)) was an Austrian-Jewish banker/financier and Court Jew.

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Berthelsdorf

Berthelsdorf (Batromjecy) is a former municipality in the district of Görlitz, in the southeastern part of the Free State of Saxony, Germany.

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Berthold of Ratisbon

Berthold of Ratisbon was a Franciscan of the monastery of Ratisbon and the most powerful preacher of repentance in the thirteenth century.

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Berthold Oppenheim

Berthold Oppenheim (1867–1942) was the rabbi of Olomouc,Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography.

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Bertold of Regensburg

Bertold of Regensburg (c. 1220 – 13 December 1272) was a German preacher during the high Middle Ages.

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Beskids

The Beskids or Beskid Mountains (Beskidy, Czech and Beskydy, Rusyn: Бескиды (Beskidy), Бескиди (Beskydy)) is a traditional name for a series of mountain ranges in the Carpathians, stretching from the Czech Republic in the west along the border of Poland with Slovakia up to Ukraine in the east.

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Biała Prudnicka

Biała, or Biała Prudnicka (Zülz) is a town in Poland, in Opole Voivodeship, in Prudnik County, with 2,687 inhabitants (2004).

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Bible translations into Czech

The Czech literature of the Middle Ages is very rich in translations of Biblical books, made from the Vulgate.

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Bishopric of Trent

The Prince-Bishopric of Trent or Bishopric of Trent for short is a former ecclesiastical principality roughly corresponding to the present-day Northern Italian autonomous province of Trentino.

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Black Army of Hungary

The Black Army (Fekete sereg, pronounced), also called the Black Legion/Regiment – possibly after their black armor panoply – is a common name given to the military forces serving under the reign of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary.

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Blanche of Valois

Blanche of Valois (baptised Marguerite; 1317–1348) was a Queen consort of Germany and Bohemia by her marriage to King and later Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.

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Blansko

Blansko (Blanz) is a town in Blansko District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Blučina burial

The Blučina burial is a Migration Period princely burial at Blučina, near Brno, Moravia, Czech Republic, excavated in 1953 by Karel Tihelka (1898-1973).

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Blud of Bludov

Blud z Bludova (Blud of Bludov) was the founder of the village of Bludov village and the Moravian aristocratic house of Zierotin.

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Bludov Castle

Bludov Castle (Bludovský hrad) is now ruined former mediaeval fortification, one of the oldest in northern Moravia.

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Bludov Chateau

Bludov Chateau (Bludovský zámek) is a Baroque château with Late Renaissance elements, located in town Bludov, northern Moravia, the Czech Republic.

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Bludoveček and Zámeček

Bludoveček and Zámeček is a hamlet administered by Bludov council in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.

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Boček I of Poděbrady

Boček I of Poděbrady (also: Boček I of Kunštát and Poděbrady, Botschek I. of Podiebrad, Boček I. z Kunštátu a Poděbrad; died: 1373) was founder of the Poděbrady line of the House of Kunštát.

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Boček II of Poděbrady

Boček II of Poděbrady (also: Boček II of Kunštát and Poděbrady; Boček II. or Botschek von Podiebrad or Botschek der Ältere von Podiebrad; Boček II. or Boček II. or Boček starší z Poděbrad; died: 1417) may have been treasurer or even chief treasurer of Bohemia between 1377 and 1387.

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Bořivoj II, Duke of Bohemia

Bořivoj II (also Borivoj or Borivoi) (c. 1064 – 2 February 1124) was the Duke of Bohemia from 25 December 1100 until May 1107 and from December 1117 until 16 August 1120.

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Bob Ctvrtlik

Robert Jan "Bob" Ctvrtlik (born July 8, 1963) is an American volleyball player, Olympic gold medalist, businessman and former member of the International Olympic Committee.

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Bohemia

Bohemia (Čechy;; Czechy; Bohême; Bohemia; Boemia) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic.

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Bohemian

A Bohemian is a resident of Bohemia, a region of the Czech Republic or the former Kingdom of Bohemia, a region of the former Crown of Bohemia (lands of the Bohemian Crown).

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Bohemian Forest

The Bohemian Forest, known in Czech as Šumava and in German as Böhmerwald, is a low mountain range in Central Europe.

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Bohemian Forest Region

The Bohemian Forest Region is a historical region in the Czech Republic.

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Bohemian Reformation

The Bohemian Reformation (also known as the Czech Reformation or Hussite Reformation), preceding the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, was a Christian movement in the late medieval and early modern Kingdom and Crown of Bohemia (present-day Czech Republic) striving for a reform of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Bohemian Revolt

The Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620) was an uprising of the Bohemian estates against the rule of the Habsburg dynasty that began the Thirty Years' War.

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Bohemian Romani

Bohemian Romani or Bohemian Romany is a dialect of Romani (a European Indo-Aryan language) formerly spoken by the Romani people of Bohemia, the western part of today's Czech Republic.

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Bohemian-Moravian Highlands

The Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Českomoravská vrchovina or Vysočina; Böhmisch-Mährische Höhe) is an extensive and long range of hills and low mountains over long, which runs in a northeasterly direction across the Czech Republic and forms the border between Bohemia and Moravia.

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Bohemism

Bohemisms or Czechisms' are words and expressions borrowed or derived from the Czech language.

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Bohumil Mořkovský

Bohumil Mořkovský (December 14, 1899 – July 16, 1928) was a Czech gymnast who competed for Czechoslovakia in the 1924 Summer Olympics.

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Boiga ochracea

Boiga ochracea, commonly called the tawny cat snake, is a species of rear-fanged snake in the family Colubridae.

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Bolesław I the Brave

Bolesław I the Brave (Bolesław I Chrobry, Boleslav Chrabrý; 967 – 17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław I the Great (Bolesław I Wielki), was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025.

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Bolesław II the Generous

Bolesław II the Generous, also known as the Bold and the Cruel (Bolesław II Szczodry; Śmiały; Okrutny; c. 1042 – 2 or 3 April 1081 or 1082), was Duke of Poland from 1058 to 1076 and third King of Poland from 1076 to 1079.

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Bolesław Masłowski

Bolesław Masłowski was a Polish chemist born in 1851 in Włodawa.

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Bolesław of Bytom

Bolesław of Bytom (Bolesław bytomski; 1330 –), was a Duke of Koźle from 1347 and Duke of Bytom since 1352 until his death.

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Bolesław V the Chaste

Bolesław V the Chaste (Bolesław Wstydliwy; 21 June 1226 – 7 December 1279) was a Duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland from 1232 and High Duke of Poland from 1243 until his death, as the last male representant of the Piast Lesser Poland branch.

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Boleslaus I, Duke of Bohemia

Boleslaus I the Cruel, also called Boleslav I (Boleslav I. Ukrutný) (– 15 July, 967 or 972), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was ruler (kníže, "duke" or "prince") of the Duchy of Bohemia from 935 to his death.

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Bolko II of Ziębice

Bolko II of Ziębice (Bolko II Ziębicki) (1 February 1300 – 11 June 1341) was a Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice in Poland from 1301 to 1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), of Świdnica-Ziębice from 1312 to 1322 (with his brother as co-ruler), and sole Duke of Ziębice from 1322 until his death.

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Bolko II the Small

Bolko II the Small (Bolko II Mały (Świdnicki), Bolko II (Schweidnitz); c. 1312 – 28 July 1368), was the last independent Duke of the Piast dynasty in Silesia.

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Borůvka's algorithm

Borůvka's algorithm is an algorithm for finding a minimum spanning tree in a graph for which all edge weights are distinct, or a minimum spanning forest in the case of a graph that is not connected.

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Boskovice

Boskovice (Boskowitz) is a town in the Czech Republic.

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Bouzov Castle

Bouzov Castle (Hrad Bouzov) is an early 14th-century fortress first mentioned in 1317.

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Branimir Altgayer

Branimir Altgayer (born either 8 November 1897 in Przekopane, Galicia; or 8 December 1897 in Kutjevo, Slavonia – died 15 May 1950 (or 15 May 1951) in Zagreb) was a German minority leader in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Independent State of Croatia, and an SS officer during World War II.

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Branimir of Croatia

Branimir (Branimiro) was a ruler of the Duchy of Croatia who reigned as duke (knez) from 879 to 892.

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Bratislava–Brno Offensive

The Bratislava–Brno Offensive was an offensive conducted by the Red Army in western Slovakia and south Moravia towards the end of World War II.

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Bren light machine gun

The Bren gun, usually called simply the Bren, are a series of light machine guns (LMG) made by Britain in the 1930s and used in various roles until 1992.

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Bretislav I

Bretislav I (Břetislav I.; 1002/1005–10 January 1055), known as the "Bohemian Achilles", of the Přemyslid dynasty, was Duke of Bohemia from 1035 until his death.

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Bretislav II

Bretislaus II (c. 1060 – 22 December 1100) was the Duke of Bohemia from 14 September 1092 until his death.

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Brněnec

Brněnec (Brünnlitz) is a village in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic.

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Brno

Brno (Brünn) is the second largest city in the Czech Republic by population and area, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia.

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Brno central station referendum, 2016

Brno central station referendum, 2016, is a municipal referendum on the location of Brno Main Railway Station, in Brno, Moravia, Czech Republic and the way of its future modernisation.

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Brno Conservatory

The Brno Conservatory, also Brno Conservatoire (Konzervatoř Brno), was established in Brno on 25 September 1919 by Moravian composer Leoš Janáček.

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Brno death march

The Brno death marchRozumět dějinám, Zdeněk Beneš, p. 208 (Brünner Todesmarsch) is traditional German term for the forced expulsion of the German inhabitants of Brno (Brünn) after World War II.

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Brno Highlands

The Brno Highlands (Czech: Brněnská vrchovina, German: Brünner Bergland) is a mountain range in Moravia, Czech Republic.

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Brno University of Technology

Brno University of Technology (abbreviated: BUT; in Czech: Vysoké učení technické v Brně – Czech abbreviation: VUT) is a university located in Brno, Czech Republic.

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Brno-Bohunice

Bohunice is a district of the second largest city in the Czech Republic - Brno.

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Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God

The Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God (officially the Hospitaller Order of the Brothers of Saint John of God; abbreviated as O.H.) are a Roman Catholic order founded in 1572.

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Bruno, Nebraska

Bruno is a village in Butler County, Nebraska, United States.

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Bruntál District

Bruntál District (Okres Bruntál, Bezirk Freudenthal) is a district (okres) within Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Bryndza

Bryndza (from Romanian brânză) is product of a sheep milk cheese made mainly in Slovakia, Romania and Moldova and Serbia, but also in Poland, Ukraine, Hungary and part of Moravia (Moravian Wallachia) in Czech Republic.

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Buchlov

The Buchlov castle (German: Burg Buchlau) is a royal castle that, along with Bare Hill (Czech: Holý kopec) and Saint Barbara’s Chapel, belongs to the points of interest in the Chřiby mountains in southeastern Moravia, Czech Republic.

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Buchlovice Castle

Buchlovice castle (German: Schloss Buchlau) is a castle about west of Uherské Hradiště, in south-east Moravia, Czech Republic.

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Budišov nad Budišovkou

Budišov nad Budišovkou (Bautsch) is a town in Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Budweiser Budvar Brewery

Budweiser Budvar ("Budvar from Budweis") is a brewery in the Czech city of České Budějovice (Budweis), best known for its original Budweiser or Budweiser Budvar pale lager brewed using artesian water, Moravian barley and Saaz hops.

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Bukovite

Bukovite is a rare selenide mineral with formula Tl2Cu3FeSe4.

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Burg Kreuzenstein

Burg Kreuzenstein is a castle near Leobendorf in Lower Austria, Austria.

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Burg Raabs an der Thaya

Burg Raabs an der Thaya is a castle in municipality Raabs an der Thaya, Lower Austria, Austria, built in the second half of the 11th century, it is above sea level.

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Buri tribe

The Buri were a Germanic tribe mentioned in the Germania of Tacitus, where they initially "close the back" of the Marcomanni and Quadi of Bohemia and Moravia.

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Bytom

Bytom (Polish pronunciation:; Silesian: Bytůń, Beuthen O.S.) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice.

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Bzenec

Bzenec (Bisenz) is a town in the southeast of Moravia, in the Czech Republic.

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Camber Castle

Camber Castle, also known formerly as Winchelsea Castle, is a 16th-century Device Fort, built near Rye by King Henry VIII to protect the Sussex coast of England against French attack.

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Camellia sinensis

Camellia sinensis is a species of evergreen shrub or small tree whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea.

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Carbonari

The Carbonari (Italian for "charcoal makers") was an informal network of secret revolutionary societies active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831.

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Carlisle, Cumbria

Carlisle (or from Cumbric: Caer Luel Cathair Luail) is the county town of Cumbria.

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Carlo Abbate

Carlo Abbate (c. 1600 – before 1640) was an Italian music theorist, composer, and Franciscan priest.

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Carlos Capelán

Carlos Capelán (Montevideo, Uruguay, 1948) is a contemporary artist.

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Carnival

Carnival (see other spellings and names) is a Western Christian and Greek Orthodox festive season that occurs before the liturgical season of Lent.

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Carpathian German Party

The Carpathian German Party (Karpatendeutsche Partei, abbreviated KdP) was a political party in Czechoslovakia, active amongst the Carpathian German minority of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus'.

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Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.

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Carpathian Ruthenia

Carpathian Ruthenia, Carpatho-Ukraine or Zakarpattia (Rusyn and Карпатська Русь, Karpats'ka Rus' or Закарпаття, Zakarpattja; Slovak and Podkarpatská Rus; Kárpátalja; Transcarpatia; Zakarpacie; Karpatenukraine) is a historic region in the border between Central and Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast, with smaller parts in easternmost Slovakia (largely in Prešov Region and Košice Region) and Poland's Lemkovyna.

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Carpatho-Ukraine

Carpatho-Ukraine (Карпа́тська Украї́на, Karpats’ka Ukrayina) was an autonomous region within Czechoslovakia from late 1938 to March 15, 1939.

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Carpoforo Tencalla

Carpoforo Tencalla (or Tencala) (10 September 1623 - 9 March 1685) was an influential Swiss-Italian Baroque painter of canvases and frescoes.

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Cartellverband

The Union of Catholic German Student Fraternities (Cartellverband der katholischen deutschen Studentenverbindungen or Cartellverband (CV)) is a German umbrella organization of Catholic male student fraternities (Studentenverbindung).

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Casimir II the Just

Casimir II the Just (Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy; 1138 – 5 May 1194) was a Lesser Polish Duke at Wiślica during 1166–1173, and at Sandomierz after 1173.

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Catalan exonyms

The following is a list of Catalan exonyms, that is to say, names for countries, regions, cities, towns, rivers, etc.

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Catharine, Kansas

Catharine is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Catherine Township, Ellis County, Kansas, United States.

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Cathedral of the Divine Saviour

Cathedral of the Divine Saviour (Katedrála Božského Spasitele), located in the center of Ostrava, is the second largest Roman Catholic cathedral in Moravia and Silesia (after the basilica in Velehrad near Uherské Hradiště).

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Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany

The Catholic Diocese of the Old Catholics in Germany is the German member body of the Union of Utrecht of Old Catholic Churches, which follow Ultrajectine theology.

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Catholic sexual abuse cases in Europe

The Catholic sexual abuse scandal in Europe has affected several dioceses in European nations.

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Catholic Slavs

Catholic Slavs and Slavic Catholic are terms used for the historically and/or predominantly Catholic Slavic nations and the history of Catholicism among the Slavic peoples; especially amongst the Western Slavs.

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Catholic-National Conservative Party in Moravia

The Creating Catholic-National Conservative Party in Moravia, was a Czech catholic political party in Moravia.

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Central Europe

Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.

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Central Moravian Carpathians

The Central Moravian Carpathians (Středomoravské Karpaty) are a mountain range within the Czech Republic belonging to the Outer Western Carpathians.

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Central Sudetes

The Central Sudetes (Orlická oblast or Střední Sudety, Sudety Środkowe, Mittelsudeten) are the central part of the Sudetes mountain range on the border of the Czech Republic and Poland.

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Chaim Yahil

Chaim Yahil (חיים יחיל, 1905–1974) was an Israeli diplomat.

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Charlemagne

Charlemagne or Charles the Great (Karl der Große, Carlo Magno; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800.

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Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles IV (Karel IV., Karl IV., Carolus IV; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378Karl IV. In: (1960): Geschichte in Gestalten (History in figures), vol. 2: F-K. 38, Frankfurt 1963, p. 294), born Wenceslaus, was a King of Bohemia and the first King of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor.

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Charles Sealsfield

Charles Sealsfield was the pseudonym of Austrian-American journalist Carl (or Karl) Anton Postl (3 March 1793 – 26 May 1864), an advocate for a German democracy.

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Charles University

Charles University, known also as Charles University in Prague (Univerzita Karlova; Universitas Carolina; Karls-Universität) or historically as the University of Prague (Universitas Pragensis), is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic. Founded in 1348, it was the first university in Central Europe. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe in continuous operation and ranks in the upper 1.5 percent of the world’s best universities. Its seal shows its protector Emperor Charles IV, with his coats of arms as King of the Romans and King of Bohemia, kneeling in front of St. Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia. It is surrounded by the inscription, Sigillum Universitatis Scolarium Studii Pragensis (Seal of the Prague academia).

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Chełmno extermination camp

Chełmno extermination camp (Vernichtungslager Kulmhof), built during World War II, was the first of the Nazi German extermination camps and was situated north of the metropolitan city of Łódź (renamed to Litzmannstadt), near the village of Chełmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof an der Nehr in German).

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Chief Rabbi

Chief Rabbi is a title given in several countries to the recognised religious leader of that country's Jewish community, or to a rabbinic leader appointed by the local secular authorities.

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Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party

The Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (Křesťanská a demokratická unie – Československá strana lidová, KDU–ČSL, often shortened to lidovci ('the populars') is a Christian-democratic political party in the Czech Republic. The party took part in almost every Czech Government since 1990. In the June 2006 election, the party won 7.2% of the vote and 13 out of 200 seats; but in the 2010 election, this dropped to 4.4% and they lost all their seats. The party regained its parliamentary standing in the 2013 legislative election, winning 14 seats in the new parliament, thereby becoming the first party ever to return to the Chamber of Deputies after dropping out.

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Christian Carl André

Christian Carl André (1763-1831) was a leading 19th century European natural scientist, publisher, economist and educator.

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Christian David

Christian David (1692–1751) was a German Lutheran missionary, writer and hymnwriter.

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Christian Graf von Haugwitz

Christian August Heinrich Kurt Graf von Haugwitz (11 June 1752 – 1832) was a German statesman, best known for serving as Foreign Minister of Prussia during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Christian Mayer (astronomer)

Christian Mayer (August 20, 1719 – April 16, 1783) was a Czech-German Catholic priest, astronomer and teacher.

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Christianity in the 9th century

In 9th century Christianity, Charlemagne was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor, which continued the Photian schism.

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Christianization of Moravia

The Christianization of Moravia refers to the spread of the Christian religion in the lands of medieval Moravia (Great Moravia).

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Christianization of the Rus' Khaganate

The Christianization of the Rus' people is supposed to have begun in the 860s and was the first stage in the process of Christianization of the East Slavs which continued well into the 11th century.

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Christoffer Hjort

Christoffer Hjort (1561–1616) was a Norwegian clergyman and crypto-Catholic.

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Church of St. James the Greater (Jihlava)

The Church of St.

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Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Prostějov

Parish Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (Czech: Farní kostel Povýšení svatého Kříže) is Catholic church in Prostějov, Moravia.

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Chwarszczany

Chwarszczany (Quartschen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Boleszkowice, within Myślibórz County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border.

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Cieszyn Silesia

Cieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia (Polish:, Czech: or, German: Teschener Schlesien or Olsagebiet) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River.

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Cisleithanian legislative election, 1848

Parliamentary elections were held for the first time the Austrian section of the Habsburg Monarchy in June 1848.

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Civitas Schinesghe

Civitas Schinesghe is the first recorded name related to Poland as a political entity (the name is a Latinization of hrady knezske or grody książęce, "ducal forts/oppidia") first attested in 991/2.

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Clan Ostoja

Clan Ostoja (ancient Polish: Ostoya) was a powerful group of knights and lords in late-medieval Europe.

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Clarinet

The clarinet is a musical-instrument family belonging to the group known as the woodwind instruments.

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Clement Mary Hofbauer

Clement Mary Hofbauer, C.Ss.R., (Klemens Maria Hofbauer) (26 December 1751 – 15 March 1820) was a Moravian hermit and later a priest of the Redemptorist congregation.

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Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia

The coat of arms of Czechoslovakia were changed many times during Czechoslovakia’s history, some alongside each other.

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Coat of arms of Moravia

The coat of arms of Moravia has been used for centuries representing Moravia, a traditional province in present-day Czech Republic.

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Coat of arms of the Czech Republic

The coat of arms of the Czech Republic displays the three historical regions—the Czech lands—which make up the nation.

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Coats of arms of Europe

This is a list of the national coats of arms or equivalent emblems used by countries and dependent territories in Europe.

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Coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire

Over its long history, the Holy Roman Empire used many different heraldic forms, representing its numerous internal divisions.

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Coffee Hag albums

The Coffee Hag albums were published in the early 20th century by the Kaffee Handelsgesellschaft AG (Kaffee HAG, Coffee Hag) in Bremen, Germany, starting with heraldic stamps and collector's albums.

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Collegium Musicum

The Collegium Musicum was one of several types of musical societies that arose in German and German-Swiss cities and towns during the Reformation and thrived into the mid-18th century.

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Collegium Nobilium (Olomouc)

Following the Thirty Years' War, the education in Moravia was firmly in the hands of Jesuits.

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Coloman of Stockerau

Saint Coloman of Stockerau (Colmán; Colomannus; died 18 October 1012) was an Irish saint.

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Common fig

Ficus carica is an Asian species of flowering plant in the mulberry family, known as the common fig (or just the fig).

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Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia

The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (Komunistická strana Čech a Moravy, KSČM) is a communist party in the Czech Republic.

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Conrad I, Duke of Bohemia

Conrad I of Brno (died 6 September 1092) was the duke of Bohemia for eight months in 1092.

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Conrad II of Znojmo

Conrad II of Znojmo (Konrád II.; d. 1161), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was a Bohemian prince who ruled in the Moravian principality of Znojmo from 1123 to 1128 and again from 1134 until his death.

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Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor

Conrad II (4 June 1039), also known as and, was Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1027 until his death in 1039.

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Constance of Hungary

Constance of Hungary (c. 1180 – 6 December 1240) was the second Queen consort of Ottokar I of Bohemia.

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Constitutional court

A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law.

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Cornštejn Castle

Cornštejn Castle (Czech: hrad Cornštejn or Cornštýn, Corštejn, Corštýn, German: Zornstein) is a castle near Bítov, west of Znojmo, in south-west Moravia, the Czech Republic.

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Corps Austria Frankfurt am Main

Corps Austria is a member Corps of the Kösener Senioren-Convents-Verband, the association of the oldest student fraternities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

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Cosmographia (Sebastian Münster)

The Cosmographia ("Cosmography") by Sebastian Münster (1488–1552) from 1544 is the earliest German-language description of the world.

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Count Gustav Kálnoky

Count Gustav Siegmund Kálnoky (Hungarian: gróf Kálnoky Gusztáv Zsigmond) (December 29, 1832February 13, 1898), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat, statesman.

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Count Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart

Count Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart (Karl Graf von Hohenwart) (February 12, 1824 in Vienna – April 26, 1899) was an Austrian politician who served as Minister-President of Austria in 1871.

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Count Leopold Berchtold

Leopold (Anton Johann Sigismund Josef Korsinus Ferdinand) Graf Berchtold von und zu Ungarschitz, Frättling und Püllütz (Gróf Berchtold Lipót, Leopold hrabě Berchtold z Uherčic) (18 April 1863 – 21 November 1942), was an Austro-Hungarian politician, diplomat and statesman who served as Imperial Foreign Minister at the outbreak of World War I.

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Court Jew

In the early modern period, a court Jew, or court factor (Hofjude, Hoffaktor), was a Jewish banker who handled the finances of, or lent money to, European royalty and nobility.

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Croats

Croats (Hrvati) or Croatians are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia.

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Croats in the Czech Republic

Croats are one of the 12 recognized minorities in the Czech Republic.

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Crown of Bolesław I the Brave

The Crown of Bolesław I the Brave (in Polish: Korona Chrobrego, also known in Latin as the Corona Privilegiata) was the coronation crown of the Polish monarchs.

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Crutched Friars

The Fratres Cruciferi (cross-bearing brethren) are a Roman Catholic religious order.

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Csárdás

Csárdás, often seen as Czárdás, is a traditional Hungarian folk dance, the name derived from (old Hungarian term for tavern).

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Cy Grant

Cyril Ewart Lionel "Cy" Grant (8 November 1919 – 13 February 2010) was a Guyanese actor, musician, writer and poet.

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Cyrilovite

Cyrilovite (NaFe33+(PO4)2(OH)4·2(H2O)) is a hydrous sodium iron phosphate mineral.

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Czech Americans

Czech Americans (Čechoameričané), known in the 19th and early 20th century as Bohemian Americans, are citizens of the United States who are of Czech descent.

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Czech Baroque architecture

Czech Baroque architecture refers to the architectural period of the 17th and 18th century in Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia, which comprised the Crown of Bohemia and today constitute the Czech Republic.

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Czech branch of the House of Thurn and Taxis

The Czech branch of the House of Thurn and Taxis (Thurn und Taxis) is a dynastic cadet branch of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis, a German noble family that was a key player in the postal services in Europe in the 16th century and became well known as the owner of breweries and builder of many castles.

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Czech Canadians

Czech Canadians are Canadian citizens of Czech ancestry or Czech Republic-born people who reside in Canada.

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Czech diaspora

The Czech diaspora refers to both historical and present emigration from the Czech Republic, as well as from the former Czechoslovakia and the Czech lands (including Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia).

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Czech folklore

Czech folklore is the folk tradition which has developed among the Czech people over a number of centuries.

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Czech Gothic architecture

Czech Gothic architecture refers to the architectural period primarily of the Late Middle Ages in the area of the present-day Czech Republic (former Crown of Bohemia, primarily consisting of the Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia).

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Czech heraldry

Czech heraldry is greatly influenced by Austrian heraldry since the country used to be a part of the Habsburg monarchy, and by German heraldry, but also shows Hungarian and Slavic influences.

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Czech immigration to Mexico

Czech Mexicans (accessdate) are citizens of Mexico who are of Czech descent.

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Czech lands

The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands (České země) are the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia.

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Czech language

Czech (čeština), historically also Bohemian (lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group.

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Czech legislative election, 2013

Early legislative elections were held in the Czech Republic on 25 and 26 October 2013, seven months before the constitutional expiry of the elected parliament's four year legislative term.

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Czech Renaissance architecture

Czech Renaissance architecture refers to the architectural period of the early modern era in Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia, which then comprised the Crown of Bohemia and today constitute the Czech Republic.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.

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Czech Silesia

Czech Silesia (České Slezsko; Czeski Ślůnsk; Tschechisch-Schlesien; Śląsk Czeski) is the name given to the part of the historical region of Silesia presently located in the Czech Republic.

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Czech Texans

Czech Texans are residents of the state of Texas who are of Czech ancestry.

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Czech traditional clothing

Czech traditional clothing expresses Czech history relative to Czech culture and behaviour.

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Czech tramping

Tramping (in Czech and Slovak language) is a movement incorporating woodcraft, hiking/backpacking/camping and scouting, with a characteristic flavour of and styled on American culture, especially the Wild West.

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Czech units of measurement

A number of locally-specific units of measurement were used in the territory of what is now the Czech Republic to measure length, area, capacity and so on.

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Czech wine

Wine in the Czech Republic is produced mainly in southern Moravia, although a few vineyards are located in Bohemia.

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Czech–Slovak languages

The Czech and Slovak languages form the Czech–Slovak (or Czecho–Slovak) subgroup within the West Slavic languages.

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Czechization

Czechization (čechizace, počeštění; Tschechisierung) is a cultural change in which something ethnically non-Czech is made to become Czech.

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Czechoslovak Air Force

The Czechoslovak Air Force (Československé letectvo) or the Czechoslovak Army Air Force (Československé vojenské letectvo) was the air force branch of the Czechoslovak Army formed in October 1918.

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Czechoslovak Basketball League

The Czechoslovak Basketball League (abbreviation CSBL) was the highest level professional club basketball competition for men in Czechoslovakia.

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Czechoslovak Hussite Church

The Czechoslovak Hussite Church (Církev československá husitská, CČSH or CČH) is a Christian church that separated from the Catholic Church after World War I in former Czechoslovakia.

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Czechoslovak National Council

Czechoslovak National Council (or Czecho-Slovak National Council) was an organization founded by Czech and Slovak émigrés during World War I to liberate their homeland from Austria-Hungary.

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Czechoslovak parliamentary election, 1929

Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 27 October 1929.

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Czechoslovak parliamentary election, 1946

Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 26 May 1946.

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Czechoslovak Trade Union Association

Czechoslovak Trade Union Association (Odborové sdružení československé), abbreviated to OSČ, was a national trade union center, founded in 1897 in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945

The Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945 (Československý válečný kříž 1939–1945 in Czech, Československý vojnový kríž 1939–1945 in Slovak) is a military decoration of the former state of Czechoslovakia which was issued for those who had provided great service to the Czechoslovak state (in exile) during the years of World War II.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

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Czechoslovakism

Czechoslovakism (Čechoslovakismus, Čechoslovakizmus) is the nationalism of Czechoslovaks and Czechoslovak culture either for which Czechs and Slovaks embrace a Pan-Slavic state in which they function as constituent nations (political form), or for which the two nations form a single West Slavic ethnic group (ethnic form of Czechoslovakism).

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Czechs

The Czechs (Češi,; singular masculine: Čech, singular feminine: Češka) or the Czech people (Český národ), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and Czech language.

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Czechs in Omaha, Nebraska

Czechs in Omaha, Nebraska have made significant contributions to the political, social and cultural development of the city since the first immigrants arrived in 1868.

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D46 motorway (Czech Republic)

D46 motorway (Dálnice D46), formerly Expressway R46 (Rychlostní silnice R46) is a highway in southern Czech Republic.

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Dačice

Dačice (Datschitz) is a town in southwestern Moravia, currently belonging to the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Dacian bracelets

The Dacian bracelets are bracelets associated with the ancient people known as the Dacians, a distinct branch of the Thracians.

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Dacians

The Dacians (Daci; loc Δάοι, Δάκαι) were an Indo-European people, part of or related to the Thracians.

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Dagome iudex

Dagome iudex is one of the earliest historical documents relating to Poland.

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Dalberg

Dalberg is the name of an ancient and distinguished German noble family, derived from the hamlet and castle (now in ruins) of Dalberg or Dalburg near Kreuznach in Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Dalibor Brazda

Dalibor Brazda (9 September 1921 - 17 August 2005), was a Czech/Swiss music composer, arranger, and conductor.

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Daniel Mandl

Daniel Mandl (April 20, 1891 – March 23, 1945) was a civil engineer, inventor, and a student of anthroposophy.

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Danish exonyms

Bilingual town sign of Flensburg, Germany Danish language exonyms for non-Danish speaking locations exist, primarily in Europe, but many of these are no longer commonly used, with a few notable exceptions.

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Danube–Oder Canal

The Danube–Oder Canal (Donau-Oder-Kanal; Kanał Odra-Dunaj) is a planned and partially constructed artificial waterway in the Lobau floodplain of the Danube at Vienna, that was supposed to stretch along the Morava River to the Oder at the city of Kędzierzyn-Koźle in Poland.

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Darney

Darney is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

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Darwinism

Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

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David Ernst Oppenheim

David Ernst Oppenheim (20 April 1881 — 18 February 1943) was an Austrian educator and psychologist who collaborated with Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler.

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David HaLevi Segal

David ha-Levi Segal (c. 1586 – 20 February 1667), also known as the Turei Zahav (abbreviated Taz) after the title of his significant halakhic commentary on the Shulchan Aruch, was one of the greatest Polish rabbinical authorities.

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David Kaufmann

David Kaufmann (7 June 1852 – 6 July 1899) (Hebrew: דוד קויפמן) was a Jewish-Austrian scholar born at Kojetín, Moravia (now in the Czech Republic).

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David Nitschmann der Bischof

David Nitschmann der Bischof (David Nitschmann the Bishop, December 18, 1695/1696, Zauchtenthal/Suchdol nad Odrou, Northern Moravia - October 8, 1772, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA) was with Johann Leonhard Dober one of the two first missionaries of the Moravian Brethren (Herrnhuter Brüder) in the West Indies in 1732, and the first Bishop of the Renewed Unitas Fratrum, the Moravian Church or Evangelische Brüdergemeine.

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David Zeisberger

David Zeisberger (April 11, 1721 – November 17, 1808) was a Moravian clergyman and missionary among the Native Americans in the Thirteen Colonies.

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Dünamünde Action

The Dünamünde Action (Aktion Dünamünde) was an operation launched by the Nazi German occupying force and local collaborationists in Biķernieki forest, near Riga, Latvia.

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Dürer's Rhinoceros

Dürer's Rhinoceros is the name commonly given to a woodcut executed by German painter and printmaker Albrecht Dürer in 1515.

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Dětřichov (Svitavy District)

Dětřichov (German: Dittersdorf) is a small village and municipality on the Bohemia-Moravia borderline in the Svitavy District of the Pardubice Region, Czech Republic.

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Dětřichov nad Bystřicí

Dětřichov nad Bystřicí (Dittersdorf) is a village and municipality in Bruntál District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Děvín in Moravia (Pavlov Hills)

Děvín Mayden Berg; (Girl´s hill or Maiden hill); (549 metres) is the highest (double-peaked) mountain of Pavlov Hills, northern part of (Mikulov Highlands), Moravia Czech Republic.

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Della Torre

The Della Torre (or Torriani) were an Italian noble family who rose to prominence in Lombardy during the 12th-14th centuries, until they held the lordship of Milan before being ousted by the Visconti.

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Democratic Peasants' Party (Bukovina)

The Democratic Peasants' Party (PȚD), also known as Democratic Party, Peasants' Party, National Democratic Party or Unirea Society, was a provincial party in Bukovina, Austria-Hungary, one of several groups claiming to represent the ethnic Romanians.

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Demographics of Czechoslovakia

Population (1991): 15.6 millions, of which Czechs 62.8%, Slovaks 31%, Hungarians 3.8%, Romani people 0.7%, Silesians 0.3%.

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Demographics of North Carolina

Demographics of North Carolina covers the varieties of ethnic groups who reside in North Carolina and relevant trends.

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Demolirer

Demolirer-Polka (Demolition Men's Polka) op.

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Demonym

A demonym (δῆμος dẽmos "people, tribe", ὄόνομα ónoma "name") is a word that identifies residents or natives of a particular place, which is derived from the name of that particular place.

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Denis d'or

The Denis d’or (“golden Dionysus”) was, in the broadest sense, possibly the first electric musical instrument in history.

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Department of Musicology (Palacký University, Faculty of Philosophy)

The Department of Musicology is an institute of Palacký University Faculty of Philosophy, which conducts research and provides education in the fields of musicology and fine art.

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Desná (Morava)

Desná (Tess) is a river situated in Olomouc region of Czech republic, left tributary of the Morava.

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Device Forts

The Device Forts, also known as Henrician castles and blockhouses, were a series of artillery fortifications built to defend the coast of England and Wales by Henry VIII.

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Devil's Dykes

The Devil's Dykes (Hungarian: Ördög árok), also known as the Csörsz árka ("Csörsz Ditch") or the Limes Sarmatiae (Latin for "Sarmatian border"), are several lines of Roman fortifications built mostly during the reign of Constantine I (312–337), stretching between today's Hungary, Romania and Serbia.

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Dewey's Bakery

Dewey's Bakery is a retail bakery offering fresh baked goods including custom cakes, Moravian cookies, cheese straws, artisan cheese biscuits.

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Dietrichstein

Dietrichstein was the name of one of the most prominent Austrian noble families originating from Carinthia.

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Dissolution of Czechoslovakia

The Dissolution of Czechoslovakia (Rozdělení Československa, Rozdelenie Česko-Slovenska), which took effect on 1 January 1993, was an event that saw the self-determined split of the federal state of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, entities that had arisen before as the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic in 1969 within the framework of Czechoslovak federalisation.

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Diviš Bořek of Miletínek

Diviš Bořek z Miletínka (Diwisch Borek von Miletin) (died 8 January 1438) was a captain of the Hussites in eastern and central Bohemia.

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Dobri Zhelyazkov

Dobri Zhelyazkov Fetisov (Добри Желязков Фетисов, pronounced) (1800–1865) was the first Bulgarian factory-owner and industrialist, the founder of the first textile factory in Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

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Dobrochov

Dobrochov is a village and municipality (obec) in Prostějov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.

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Dobrujan Germans

The Dobrujan Germans (Dobrudschadeutsche) were an ethnic German group, within the larger category of Black Sea Germans, for over one hundred years.

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Dolní Věstonice

Dolní Věstonice (Unterwisternitz) is a small village in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Dolní Věstonice (archaeology)

Dolní Věstonice (often without diacritics as Dolni Vestonice) refers to an Upper Paleolithic archaeological site near the village of Dolní Věstonice, Moravia in the Czech Republic,on the base of Děvín Mountain, dating to approximately 26,000 BP, as supported by radiocarbon dating.

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Domašov nad Bystřicí

Domašov nad Bystřicí, formerly Domštát (Domstadtl) is a village and municipality (obec) in Olomouc District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic.

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Domagoj of Croatia

Domagoj (Domagoi) (died 876) was a duke (knez) of the Duchy of Croatia in 864–876 and the founder of the House of Domagojević.

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Domenico Martinelli

Domenico Martinelli (November 30, 1650 – September 11, 1718) was an Italian architect who worked for Carlo Fontana during 1678.

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Dominik Duka

Dominik Jaroslav Duka (born 26 April 1943, Hradec Králové, Bohemia and Moravia (now Czech Republic)) is the 36th Archbishop of Prague and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Don Cossacks

Don Cossacks (Донские казаки) are Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don.

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Donatus of Muenstereifel

Donatus of Muenstereifel is a catacomb saint whose relics are found in the Jesuit church in Bad Muenstereifel.

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Dušan Jurkovič

Dušan Jurkovič (August 23, 1868 – December 21, 1947) was a Slovak architect, ethnographer and artist.

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Duchess Therese of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Duchess Therese Mathilde Amalie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Herzogin Therese Mathilde Amalie zu Mecklenburg-Strelitz; 5 April 1773 – 12 February 1839) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and a Duchess of Mecklenburg.

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Duchy of Bohemia

The Duchy of Bohemia, also referred to as the Czech Duchy, (České knížectví) was a monarchy and a principality in Central Europe during the Early and High Middle Ages.

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Duchy of Głubczyce

Duchy of Głubczyce (Hlubčické knížectví, Herzogtum Leobschütz, Księstwo Głubczyckie) was one of the duchies of Silesia.

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Duchy of Münsterberg

The Duchy of Münsterberg (Herzogtum Münsterberg) or Duchy of Ziębice (Księstwo Ziębickie, Minstrberské knížectví) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, with a capital in Münsterberg (Ziębice).

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Duchy of Silesia

The Duchy of Silesia (Księstwo śląskie, Herzogtum Schlesien) with its capital at Wrocław was a medieval duchy located in the historic Silesian region of Poland.

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Duke of Olomouc

The title of Duke of Olomouc (dux) or Prince of Olomouc (kníže olomoucký) was held by members of the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty in the Middle Ages in Moravia.

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Dukla Olomouc (basketball)

Dukla Olomouc was a professional basketball club based in Olomouc, the historical capital city of Moravia.

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Dura, Africa

Dura was an Ancient city and bishopric in Roman North Africa, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see.

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Dutch exonyms

Below is list of Dutch language exonyms for places in non-Dutch-speaking areas of Europe.

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Dvorce (Bruntál District)

Dvorce (in 1869-1910: Dvorec, Hof in Mähren) is a village and municipality in Bruntál District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Dyje–Svratka Valley

The Dyje–Svratka Valley (Czech: Dyjsko-svratecký úval, Thaya-Schwarza Talsenke, Dyjsko-svratecký úval) is a geomorphological feature (specifically a special type of vale) in Moravia (The Czech Republic). The highest prominence over the Dyje–Svratka Valley is Děvín Peak at.

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Early Modern Romania

The Early Modern Times in Romania started after the death of Michael the Brave, who ruled in a personal union, Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldaviathree principalities in the lands that now form Romania for three months, in 1600.

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Easter egg tree

A German tradition of decorating trees and bushes with Easter eggs is known as the Ostereierbaum, or Easter egg tree.

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Easter traditions

Since its origins, Easter has been a time of celebration and feasting and many traditional Easter games and customs developed, such as egg rolling, egg tapping, pace egging, cascarones or confetti eggs, and egg decorating.

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Economy of the Habsburg Monarchy

With the abolition of serfdom in the 18th century, the Habsburg Monarchy, with the major industrial, mining areas and forestry of regions Moravia and Bohemia leading the way, began to experience unprecedented economic growth.

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Edmund Campion

Saint Edmund Campion, S.J., (24 January 1540 – 1 December 1581) was an English Roman Catholic Jesuit priest and martyr.

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Edmund Reitter

Edmund Reitter (22 October 1845 – 15 March 1920) was an Austrian entomologist, writer and a collector.

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Eduard Palla

Eduard Palla (3 September 1864, Kremsier – 7 March 1922, Graz) was an Austrian botanist and mycologist of Moravian descent.

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Eduard Topchjan

Eduard Topchjan (Էդուարդ Թոփչյան; born in Yerevan) is an Armenian conductor, the principal conductor and artistic director of the Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra.

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Eduard Zirm

Eduard Konrad Zirm (18 March 1863 – 15 March 1944) was an ophthalmologist who performed the first successful human full-thickness corneal transplant on 7 December 1905.

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Edward Adolf Sonnenschein

Edward Adolf Sonnenschein (20 November 1851 – 2 September 1929, Bath) was an English classical scholar and writer on Latin grammar and verse.

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Edward R. Straznicky

Edward R. Straznicky (Moravia, Austria 1820New York City, 9 February 1876) was superintendent of the Astor Library 1872-1876.

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Edward Rydz-Śmigły

Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły (11 March 1886 – 2 December 1941; nom de guerre Śmigły, Tarłowski, Adam Zawisza), also called Edward Śmigły-Rydz, was a Polish politician, statesman, Marshal of Poland and Commander-in-Chief of Poland's armed forces, as well as painter and poet.

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Egon Kornauth

Egon Kornauth (14 May 1891 – 28 October 1959) was an Austrian composer and music teacher.

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Eibenschütz

Eibenschütz is a European Jewish surname whichof origin is to be traced to the Moravian town of Ivančice - Eybenschütz in German.

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Eisenstadt

Eisenstadt (Kismarton, Željezni grad, Željezno, Železno) is a city in Austria, the state capital of Burgenland.

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El Fin

El Fin is a 2012 film written and directed by Costa Rican film director Miguel Gómez, and co-produced with his brother Dennis Gómez.

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Elazar Fleckeles

Elazar Fleckeles (August 26, 1754 in Prague – April 27, 1826) was an Austrian rabbi and author.

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Elżbieta Sieniawska

Elżbieta Helena Sieniawska née Lubomirska (1669 in Końskowola – 21 March 1729 in Oleszyce) was a Polish noblwoman, Grand Hetmaness of the Crown (Hetmanowa wielka koronna) and renowned patron of arts.

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Elbe Germanic peoples

The Elbe Germanii (Elbgermanen) or Elbe Germanic peoples were Germanic tribes whose settlement area, based on archaeological finds, lay either side of the Elbe estuary on both sides of the river and which extended as far as Bohemia and Moravia, clearly the result of a migration up the Elbe river from the northwest in advance of the main Migration Period until the individual groups ran into the Roman Danube Limes around 200 AD.

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Elections in the First Czechoslovak Republic

Parliamentary elections in the First Czechoslovak Republic were held in 1920, 1925, 1929 and 1935.

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Eliška Junková

Eliška Junková (16 November 1900 – 5 January 1994), born Alžběta Pospíšilová and also known as Elisabeth Junek, was a Czechoslovak automobile racer.

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Eliška Kleinová

Eliška Kleinová, born Elisabeth "Lisa" Klein (February 27, 1912, Přerov, Moravia – September 2, 1999, Prague) was a Czech Jewish pianist, music educator, and was the sister of Gideon Klein.

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Elisabeth of Moravia

Elizabeth of Moravia (German: Elisabeth von Mähren, Czech: Alžběta Moravská, Upper Sorbian: Hilžbjeta Morawska, c. 1355 – 20 November 1400) was the second daughter and third issue of John Henry of Moravia, (grandson of Přemysl II, Otakar, King of Bohemia) and his second wife Margaret of Opava.

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Elisabeth von Gutmann

Elisabeth von Gutmann (6 January 187528 September 1947) was Princess of Liechtenstein as the wife of Prince Franz I.

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Elizabeth Granowska

Elizabeth Granowska or Elisabeth Pilecki (Elżbieta Granowska z Pileckich / Elżbieta z Pilczy; – 12 May 1420 in Kraków) was Queen consort of Poland (1417–1420) as the third wife of Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland (reigning from 1386 to 1434).

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Elizabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)

Elizabeth of Bohemia (Eliška Přemyslovna) (20 January 1292 – 28 September 1330) was a princess of the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty who became queen consort of Bohemia as the first wife of King John the Blind (John of Luxembourg).

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Elizabeth Richeza of Poland

Elizabeth Richeza of Poland (Eliška-Rejčka; Ryksa-Elżbieta; 1 September 1288 – 19 October 1335), was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast and by her two marriages Queen consort of Bohemia, Poland and Duchess consort of Austria and Styria.

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Elmar Klos

Elmar Klos (26 January 1910 – 31 July 1993) was a Czechoslovak film director of Czech origin who collaborated for 17 years with his Slovak colleague Ján Kadár and with him won the 1965 Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film with the film The Shop on Main Street.

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Elmendorf Christian Community

The Elmendorf Christian Community, called Elmendorf Hutterite Colony by GAMEO, is an independent Anabaptist community of Hutterite tradition.

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Emanuel Schreiber

Emanuel Schreiber (December 13, 1852–1932) was an American rabbi born at Leipnik, Moravia.

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Emil Filla

Emil Filla (4 April 1882 – 7 October 1953), a Czech painter, was a leader of the avant-garde in Prague between World War I and World War II and was an early Cubist painter.

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Emil Jellinek

Emil Jellinek, known after 1903 as Emil Jellinek-Mercedes (6 April 1853 – 21 January 1918) was a wealthy European automobile entrepreneur with Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft ('DMG'), responsible in 1900 for commissioning the first 'modern' car, the Mercedes 35hp.

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Emil Weiss

Emil Weiss (Aug 14 1896 – Jan 6 1965) Illustrator, one of the last “press artists” (that old journalistic specialty superseded by photography, which is undoubtedly faster and perhaps more literally accurate, but seldom as penetrating.).

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Emilie Ortlöpp

Countess Emilie of Reichenbach-Lessonitz née Ortlöpp (13 May 1791 in Berlin – 12 February 1843 in Frankfurt) was the mistress and later second wife of Elector William II of Hesse.

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Emilie Schindler

Emilie Schindler (née Pelzl; 22 October 1907 – 5 October 2001) was a Sudeten German-born woman who, with her husband Oskar Schindler, helped to save the lives of 1,200 Jews during World War II by employing them in his enamelware and munitions factories, providing them immunity from the Nazis.

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Emnilda

Emnilda (Emnilda słowiańska; – 1017), was a Slavic princess and Duchess of the Polans from 992 by her marriage with the Piast ruler Bolesław I the Brave.

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Endorsements for the Czech presidential election, 2018

This is a list of notable individuals and organizations who voiced their endorsement for the office of the Czech president, including those who subsequently retracted or withheld their endorsement, of any candidate during Czech presidential election, 2018.

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Energy in the Czech Republic

Energy in the Czech Republic describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in the Czech Republic.

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Engelmar Unzeitig

Blessed Engelmar Unzeitig (1 March 1911 – 2 March 1945), born Hubert Unzeitig, was a German Roman Catholic priest who died in the Dachau Concentration Camp during World War II on the charge of being a priest.

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English exonyms

An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place (a toponym), or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage (the endonym).

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Episcopal Conference of Czech Republic

Czech Bishops' Conference (CBC) is constant chorus of Catholic bishops of the Czech Republic.

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Erica Pedretti

Erica Pedretti, née Schefter (born 25 February 1930, in Šternberk, Moravia, Czechoslovakia) is a Swiss author and artist.

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Erich Übelacker

Erich Übelacker (19 October 1899 – 30 June 1977) was a German automobile engineer.

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Erich Fritz Schweinburg

Erich Fritz Schweinburg (November 6, 1890 – July 7, 1959) was a Jewish-Austrian writer and attorney.

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Erich Kulka

Erich Kulka (18 February 1911 in Vsetín, Austria-Hungary12 July 1995 in Jerusalem Israel) was a Czech-Israeli writer, historian and journalist who survived the Holocaust.

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Erik Trinkaus

Erik Trinkaus, PhD, (born December 24, 1948) is a paleoanthropologist specialised on Neandertal biology and human evolution.

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Ernst Christoph von Nassau

Ernst Christoph von Nassau, sometimes called Christoph Ernst, (1686 in Hartmannsdorf (Jaczków) near Glogau–19 November 1755 in Sagan) was a Prussian general lieutenant and knight of the Black Eagle Order.

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Ernst Friedrich Glocker

Ernst Friedrich Glocker (1 May 1793 – 18 July 1858) was a German mineralogist, geologist and paleontologist.

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Ernst Gideon von Laudon

Baron Ernst Gideon von Laudon (German: Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon (originally Laudohn or Loudon) (13 February 1717 – 14 July 1790) was an Austrian generalisimo, one of the most successful opponents of the Prussian king Frederick the Great, allegedly lauded by Alexander Suvorov as his teacher. He served the position of military governorship of Habsburg Serbia from his capture of Belgrade in 1789 until his death, cooperating with the resistance fighters of Koča Anđelković.

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Ernst Lothar

Ernst Lothar (25 October 1890 – 30 October 1974) was a Moravian-Austrian writer, theatre director/manager and producer.

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Ernst Mach

Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as study of shock waves.

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Ernst Späth

Ernst Späth (14 May 1886, in Moravský Beroun (Bärn), northern Moravia – 30 September 1946, in Zurich) was an Austrian chemist, specializing in natural products.

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Ernst Sträussler

Ernst Sträussler (June 17, 1872, Ungarisch-Hradisch – July 11, 1959, Vienna) was an Austrian neuropathologist born in the Moravian city of Ungarisch-Hradisch.

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Ernst Weiss

Dr Ernst Weiss (German: Weiß, August 28, 1882 – June 15, 1940) was a German-speaking Austrian author of Jewish descent.

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Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary

The ethno-linguistic composition of Austria-Hungary according to the census of 31 December 1910 was as follows.

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Ethnic groups in Omaha, Nebraska

Various ethnic groups in Omaha, Nebraska have lived in the city since its organization by Anglo-Americans in 1854.

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Ethnic minorities in Czechoslovakia

This article describes ethnic minorities in Czechoslovakia from 1918 until 1992.

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Etti Plesch

Etti Plesch (3 February 1914 – 28 April 2003), Austro-Hungarian countess, huntress, racehorse owner and socialite. Plesch lost two of her six husbands to the same woman, Louise de Vilmorin, a French literary figure, and owned two winners of The Derby, in Psidium in 1961 and Henbit in 1980.

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Eucobresia diaphana

Eucobresia diaphana is a species of small air-breathing land snail or semi-slug in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Vitrinidae.

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Eugen Beyer

Eugen Beyer (* 18 February 1882 in Pohrlitz (Moravia), † 25 July 1940 in Salzburg) was an Austrian Feldmarschalleutnant in the 1930s and Wehrmacht General of the Infantry during the early years of the Second World War.

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Eurasian lynx

The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is a medium-sized wild cat native to Siberia, Central, Eastern, and Southern Asia, Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

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European early modern humans

European early modern humans (EEMH) in the context of the Upper Paleolithic in Europe refers to the early presence of anatomically modern humans in Europe.

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European Free Alliance

The European Free Alliance (EFA) is a European political coalition that consists of various regionalist political parties in Europe.

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EV9 The Amber Route

EuroVelo 9 (EV9), named the Amber Route - is a long EuroVelo long-distance cycling route running from the city of Gdańsk, Poland on the Baltic Sea to Pula, Croatia on the Adriatic Sea.

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Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren

The Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren (ECCB) (Českobratrská církev evangelická; ČCE) is the largest Czech Protestant church and the second largest church in general after the Catholic Church.

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Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia

The expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after World War II was part of a series of evacuations and expulsions of Germans from Central and Eastern Europe during and after World War II.

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Facing the Modern: The Portrait in Vienna 1900

Facing the Modern: The Portrait in Vienna 1900 was an exhibition at the National Gallery, London, running from 9 October 2013 through to 12 January 2014.

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Factions in the Frankfurt Assembly

The factions in the Frankfurt Assembly were the groups or political factions (Fraktionen) that developed among delegates to the Frankfurt Parliament that met from 18 May 1848 to 31 May 1849 in the Paulskirche in Frankfurt am Main.

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Fantaghirò 4

Fantaghirò 4 (alternately titled as The Cave of the Golden Rose 4) is the fourth film from the Fantaghirò series.

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Faraualla

Faraualla is an Italian female vocal quartet from the region of Apulia, which explores vocal polyphony.

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FC Fastav Zlín

FC Fastav Zlín is a Czech professional football club from Zlín, Moravia.

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Ferdiš Duša

Ferdiš Duša (13 January 1888 in Frýdlant nad Ostravicí – 1958 ibidem) was a Czech folk painter, graphic artist, illustrator and manufacturer of ceramics, coming from the borderland between Moravia and Silesia.

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Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra

Ferdinand Karl Franz Schwarzmann, Ritter von Hebra (7 September 1816, in Brno, Moravia – 5 August 1880 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary) was an Austrian physician and dermatologist known as the founder of the New Vienna School of Dermatology, an important group of physicians who established the foundations of modern dermatology.

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Ferdinand Stoliczka

Ferdinand Stoliczka (Czech written Stolička, June 7, 1838 – June 19, 1874) was a Moravian palaeontologist who worked in India on paleontology, geology and various aspects of zoology, including ornithology, malacology, and herpetology.

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Ferdinand Trauttmansdorff

Ferdinand Trauttmansdorff (born 28 July 1950), is the Austrian ambassador in Prague.

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Ferdinand Troyer

Count Ferdinand Troyer (February 1, 1780 – July 23, 1851) was an Austrian noble, philanthropist, and amateur clarinettist.

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Field system

The study of field systems (collections of fields) in landscape history is concerned with the size, shape and orientation of a number of fields.

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Filip Fabricius

Filip Fabricius, later of Rosenfeld and Hohenfall (ca 1570 – 1632) was a Bohemian Catholic officer best known for being thrown out of the Prague Castle window during the Second Defenestration of Prague with two Catholic noblemen, Count Jaroslav Bořita of Martinice and Count Vilém Slavata of Chlum and Košumberk.

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First Battle of Komárom (1849)

The First battle of Komárom was one of the most important battles of the Hungarian War of Independence, fought on 26 April 1849, between the Hungarian and the Austrian Imperial main armies, which ended, in some opinions with a Hungarian victory, while others say that actually it was undecided.

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First Battle of Vác (1849)

The Battle of Vác, fought on 10April 1849, was one of two important battles which took place in Vác during the Spring Campaign of the Hungarian War of Independence between the Austrian Empire and the Hungarian revolutionary army.

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First Czechoslovak Republic

The first Czechoslovak Republic (Czech / Československá republika) was the Czechoslovak state that existed from 1918 to 1938.

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First Mongol invasion of Poland

The Mongol Invasion of Poland from late 1240 to 1241 culminated in the battle of Legnica, where the Mongols defeated an alliance which included forces from fragmented Poland and their allies, led by Henry II the Pious, the Duke of Silesia.

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First Presbyterian Church Cemetery

The First Presbyterian Church Graveyard is the oldest graveyard in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States.

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First Silesian War

The First Silesian War was a theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession.

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First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline

The First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline (I. Wiener Hochquellenwasserleitung) is a major part of Vienna's water supply and was the first source of safe drinking water for that city.

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FK Drnovice

FK Drnovice was a Czech football club based in the Moravian village of Drnovice near Vyškov, founded in 1932.

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Flag of Moravia

An official appearance of the Flag of Moravia, unlike the provincial Moravian coat of arms, does not exist, because such a flag has never been granted to Moravia.

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Flag of the Duchy of Teschen

The flag of the Duchy of Teschen was established in 2016 through the initiative of regional history enthusiasts in cooperation with the prominent Polish heraldic and vexologist Alfred Znamierowski.

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Flags of Europe

This is a list of international, national and subnational flags used in Europe.

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Flaying of Marsyas (Titian)

The Flaying of Marsyas is a painting by the Italian late Renaissance artist Titian, probably painted between about 1570 and his death in 1576, when in his eighties.

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Floridsdorf

Floridsdorf is the 21st district of Vienna, Austria (21.). Floridsdorf is located in the northern part of Vienna.

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Fool (stock character)

There are several distinct, although overlapping categories of fool as a stock character in creative works (literature, film, etc.) and folklore: simpleton fool, clever fool, and serendipitous fool.

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Foot (unit)

The foot (feet; abbreviation: ft; symbol: ′, the prime symbol) is a unit of length in the imperial and US customary systems of measurement.

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Foreign relations of Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein's foreign economic policy has been dominated by its customs union with Switzerland (and with Austria-Hungary until World War I).

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Foreign relations of the Axis powers

Foreign relations of the Axis powers includes states which were not officially members of the Axis but had relations with one or more Axis members.

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Forest Idyl

Forest Idyl (sometimes spelled Forest Idyll, but originally titled "Idyl") is a bronze statue created in 1924 by Albin Polasek while he was head of the Sculpture Department at the Art Institute of Chicago.

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Francis Lederer

Francis Lederer (November 6, 1899 – May 25, 2000) was a Czech-born film and stage actor with a successful career, first in Europe, then in the United States.

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Franciscus de Neve (II)

Franciscus de Neve (II) (also: Frans de (II) Neve, Fraciscus de Neuff, Francesco della Neve and nicknames: Bloosaerken and Blaserken) (1632, Antwerp – after 1704) was a Flemish painter and engraver.

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Franciszek Kleeberg

Franciszek Kleeberg (1 February 1888, Tarnopol – 5 April 1941 near Dresden) was a Polish general.

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Frankfurt Parliament

The Frankfurt Parliament (Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany, elected on 1 May 1848 (see German federal election, 1848).

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František Adam Míča

Jan Adam František Míča (born 11 January 1746 in Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou, Bohemia - died 19 March 1811 in Vienna) was a Bohemian composer, jurist, and nephew of the kapellmeister František Václav Míča.

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František Bartoš (folklorist)

František Bartoš (16 March 1837, Zlín, Moravia - 11 June 1906) was a Moravian ethnomusicologist, folklorist, folksong collector, and dialectologist.

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František Brixi

František Xaver Brixi (2 January 1732 – 14 October 1771) was a Czech classical composer of the 18th century.

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František Brož

František Brož (10 April 1896 in Prague – 21 July 1962 in Prague) was a Czech violist, composer, conductor and music educator.

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František Bubák

František Bubák (22 July 1866, Rovensko pod Troskami – 19 September 1925, Prague) was a Czech mycologist and phytopathologist.

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František Chvostek

František Chvostek (Franz Chvostek) (May 21, 1835 – November 16, 1884) was a Czech-Austrian military physician.

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František Fajtl

Lieutenant General František Fajtl (20 August 1912 – 4 October 2006) was a Czech fighter pilot of World War II.

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František Klácel

František Matouš Klácel (April 8, 1808, Česká Třebová - March 17, 1882, Belle Plaine, Iowa, US) was a Czech author, philosopher, pedagogue, and journalist from Bohemia.

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František Koláček

František Koláček (9 October 1851, Slavkov u Brna, Moravia – 8 December 1913, Prague) was Czech physicist.

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František Neumann

František Neumann (16 June 187425 February 1929) was a Czech conductor and composer.

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František Palacký

František Palacký (14 June 1798 – 26 May 1876) was a Czech historian and politician, the most influential person of the Czech National Revival, called "Father of the Nation".

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František Sláma (musician)

František Sláma (November 19, 1923 – May 5, 2004) was a significant Czech chamber music performer.

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František Sláma (politician)

Dr.

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František Sušil

František Sušil (14 June 1804 in Rousínov, Moravia - 31 May 1868 in Bystřice pod Hostýnem) was a Moravian Roman Catholic priest most noted for his published collection of traditional Moravian folk music, Moravské národní písně, which contained 2091 songs and 2361 texts.

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František Tomášek

František Tomášek (30 June 1899, Studénka, Moravia – 4 August 1992, Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in Bohemia, the 34th Archbishop of Prague, and a Roman Catholic theologian.

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Franz Bauer

Franz Andreas Bauer (later Francis) (14 March 1758 – 11 December 1840) was an Austrian microscopist and botanical artist.

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Franz Boos

Franz Boos (23 December 1753 (Frauenalb) – 9 February 1832 (Vienna)) was an Austrian gardener-botanist in the Age of Enlightenment, a voyager and collector of natural history specimens for Emperor Joseph II of Austria, who reigned from 1765 to 1790.

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Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf

K.u.k. Feldmarschall Franz Xaver Joseph Conrad Graf von Hötzendorf Franz Xaver Josef Graf Conrad von Hötzendorf (11 November 1852 – 25 August 1925), sometimes anglicised as Hoetzendorf, was an Austrian Field Marshal and Chief of the General Staff of the military of the Austro-Hungarian Army and Navy 1906–1917.

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Franz de Paula Ulrich, 3rd Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau

Franz de Paula Ulrich, 3rd Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz und Tettau, was a Bohemian noble and general in service of the House of Habsburg. He was born in Zlonice, Bohemia, 23 June 1726, and died in Prague, Bohemia (present day Czech Republic) 19 December 1792. Originally a career bureaucrat in Habsburg state service, he inherited the family properties and title following the deaths of his father and his uncle in 1749, and the childless death of his cousin in 1752. Upon his succession, he left state service and joined the Habsburg military. He distinguished himself in several battles of the Seven Years' War, particularly at the battles of Lobositz and Kolin. He retired from the military in 1778, just prior to the War of the Bavarian Succession, to care for his widespread estates in Moravia, Bohemia, and Vienna. He died in 1792.

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Franz Ewald Theodor Bachmann

Franz Ewald Theodor Bachmann (21 July 1850 Lisse nr Posen – 1937), was a medical practitioner and naturalist.

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Franz Fiedler

Franz Fiedler (17 February 1885 in Prostějov, Austria-Hungary – 5 February 1956 in Dresden, GDR) was a photographer.

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Franz Joseph I of Austria

Franz Joseph I also Franz Josef I or Francis Joseph I (Franz Joseph Karl; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and monarch of other states in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 to his death.

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Franz Konwitschny

Franz Konwitschny (August 14, 1901, Fulnek, Moravia – July 28, 1962, Belgrade) was a German conductor and violist.

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Franz Lauska

Franz Seraphin Lauska (13 January 1764 – 18 April 1825), baptised as Franciscus Ignatius Joannes Nepomucensis Carolus Boromaeus,Anke Sieber: Franz Lauska (1764–1825).

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Franz Petrasch

Franz, Freiherr von Petrasch (1746 – 17 January 1820) was an Austrian general officer serving in the Austrian Empire during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Franz Schubert

Franz Peter Schubert (31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras.

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Franz von Dietrichstein

Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein (František Serafín z Ditrichštejna, 22 August 1570 – 19 September 1636), of the Austrian and Moravian House of Dietrichstein, was Prince of Dietrichstein, Archbishop of Olomouc, Governor (Landeshauptmann) of Moravia and a Cardinal.

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Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg

Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg (2 July 1742 in Vienna – 19 December 1825 in Vienna) was an Austrian general who saw service in the Seven Years' War and Wars of the French Revolution.

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Franz Xaver Neruda

Franz Xaver Neruda (or František) (December 3, 1843 – March 19, 1915) was a Danish cellist and composer of Moravian origin.

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Franz Xaver Richter

Franz (Czech: František) Xaver Richter, known as François Xavier Richter in France (December 1, 1709 – September 12, 1789) was an Austro-Moravian singer, violinist, composer, conductor and music theoretician who spent most of his life first in Austria and later in Mannheim and in Strasbourg, where he was music director of the cathedral.

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Franz Xaver von Gietl

Franz Xaver Ritter von Gietl (27 August 1803 – 19 March 1888) was a German physician.

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Franziska Scanagatta

Franziska Scanagatta (also called Francesca Scanagatta) (1 August 1776 – 1865) was an Italian woman who disguised herself as a man in order to attend an Austrian officer school in 1794.

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Franziskus von Sales Bauer

Franziskus von Sales Bauer (January 26, 1841 – November 25, 1915) was an Austro-Hungarian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Frýdek, Frýdek-Místek

Frýdek (Latin: Fridecca, German: Friedek, Friedeck, Polish: Frydek) was an independent town in Silesia that was joined with the Moravian town of Místek on 1 January 1943 to form the town of Frýdek-Místek.

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Frýdlant nad Ostravicí

Frýdlant nad Ostravicí (Friedland (an der Ostrawitza); Vriedlant) is a small town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Frederick Augustus de Zeng

Baron Frederick Augustus de Zeng (1756 in Dresden, Saxony – 26 April 1838 in Clyde, New York) was a Hessian mercenary who served in one of the regiments in the British service in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution.

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Frederick V of the Palatinate

Frederick V (Friedrich V.; 26 August 1596 – 29 November 1632) was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and served as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620.

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Frederick, Duke of Bohemia

Frederick (Bedřich) (– 25 March 1189), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was Duke of Bohemia from 1172 to 1173 and again from 1178 to his death.

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Fredro (Bończa)

The Fredro (plural: Fredrowie, feminine form: Fredrówna) was a Polish noble family originated from Silesia or Moravia.

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French exonyms

Below is a list of French language exonyms for places in non-French-speaking areas.

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Frenstat, Texas

Frenstat is an unincorporated community in Burleson County, Texas, United States.

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Freud family

The family of Sigmund Freud, the pioneer of psychoanalysis, lived in Austria and Germany until the 1930s before emigrating to England, Canada and the United States.

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Friedrich Adler (writer)

Friedrich Adler (February 13, 1857, Amschelberg, Bohemia, Austrian Empire now Kosova Hora, Czech Republic – February 2, 1938, Prague) was an Austrian jurist, translator and writer of Bohemian origin.

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Friedrich Franz

Friedrich Franz, Bedřich Franz, (1 December 1783 – 4 December 1860) was a professor of physics and applied mathematics at the Faculty of Philosophy of University of Olomouc, who greatly influenced his student Gregor Johann Mendel, later known as "The Father of Genetics".

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Friedrich Kühne

Friedrich Kühne (24 April 1870 – 13 October 1959), born Franz Michna, was a German film actor of the silent era.

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Friedrich Kratochwil

Friedrich Kratochwil (born 1944 in Břeclav, Moravia) is a German university professor who studied at the University of Munich before migrating to the United States, then subsequently returning to Europe.

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Friedrich Leo von Rottenberger

Friedrich Leo von Rottenberger (3 September 1872, Třebíč – 27 March 1938, Vienna) was an Austrian gardener and landscape architect.

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Friedrich Materna

Friedrich Materna (21 June 1885 – 11 November 1946) was a General in the Bundesheer (Austrian Federal Army) in the 1930s and the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War.

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Friedrich Sebastian Wunibald Truchsess zu Waldburg

Frederick Sebastian Wunibald Truchsess von Waldburg, born 1677 – 4 July 1745, was a Prussian lieutenant general and diplomat for Frederick II of Prussia.

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Friedrich von Berchtold

Count Friedrich Carl Eugen Vsemir von Berchtold, baron von Ungarschitz (Bedřich Karel Eugen Všemír Berchtold hrabě z Uherčic) (25 October 1781 – 3 April 1876), was a German-speaking Bohemian physician and botanist from Austrian descent.

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Friedrich Welwitsch

Friedrich Martin Josef Welwitsch (5 February 1806 – 20 October 1872) was an Austrian explorer and botanist who in Angola discovered the plant Welwitschia mirabilis.

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Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz

Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Haugwitz (Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Haugwitz), Fridrich Vilém Haugwitz; 11 December 1702, Saxony – 30 August 1765, Deutsch Knönitz (Miroslavské Knínice), Habsburg Moravia) was Supreme Chancellor of the United Court Chancery and the head of Directorium in publicis et cameralibus under Maria Theresa of Austria. He also served as one of the key advisors in instituting Maria Theresa's reforms. Haugwitz attempted to bring both centralization and economic reform to the Habsburg lands.

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Fritz Grünbaum

Fritz Grünbaum (7 April 1880 in Brno, Moravia as Franz Friedrich Grünbaum – 14 January 1941 at the Dachau concentration camp, Germany) was an Austrian Jewish cabaret artist, operetta and pop song writer, director, actor and master of ceremonies.

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Fritz Lang

Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang (December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976) was an Austrian-German-American filmmaker, screenwriter, and occasional film producer and actor.

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Fulneck Moravian Church

Fulneck Moravian Church and its associated settlement were established on the Fulneck estate, Pudsey, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, in 1744 by Count Nicolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, a Moravian Bishop and Lutheran priest, following a donation of land by the evangelical Anglican clergyman, Benjamin Ingham.

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Fulnek

Fulnek (Fulnek) is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, exactly 29,2 km south from Opava and 40 km west from Ostrava.

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Fundamental Articles of 1871

The Fundamental Articles of 1871 (Fundamentalartikel, Fundamentálky) were a set of proposed changes to the Austro-Hungarian constitution regarding the status of the Bohemian Crownlands.

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Gaul

Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine.

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Genadendal

Genadendal is a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa, built on the site of the oldest mission station in the country.

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Gennaro Basile

Gennaro Basile was an Italian painter, born in Naples but active in the German-speaking countries.

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Genocides in history

Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group.

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Geography of the Czech Republic

The geography of the Czech Republic is quite varied.

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Geology of the Western Carpathians

The Western Carpathians are an arc-shaped mountain range, the northern branch of the Alpine-Himalayan fold and thrust system called the Alpide belt, which evolved during the Alpine orogeny.

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Georg Flegel

Georg Flegel (1566 Olomouc – 23 March 1638, Frankfurt-am-Main) was a German painter, best known for his still life works.

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Georg Joseph Kamel

Georg Joseph Kamel (Georgius Josephus Camellus; Jiří Josef Kamel; Jorge Camel; 21 April 1661 – 2 May 1706) was a Jesuit missionary, pharmacist and naturalist known for producing the first comprehensive accounts of Philippine flora and fauna and for introducing Philippine nature to the European learned world.

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Georg Matthäus Vischer

Georg Matthäus Vischer (22 April 1628 – 13 December 1696) was an Austrian topographer, cartographer, engraver and parish priest in Leonstein (Upper Austria) and Vienna.

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Georg Scherer

Georg Scherer (1540 – 30 November 1605) was a Roman Catholic pulpit orator and controversialist.

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George Benedict Zabelka

George B. Zabelka, a Catholic chaplain with the U.S. Army Air Force, was stationed on Tinian Island in the South Pacific in 1945, where he was assigned to 509th Composite Group.

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George Brady (Holocaust survivor)

George Brady, O.Ont (born February 9, 1928) is a Holocaust survivor of both Theresienstadt (Terezin) and Auschwitz (Oswiecim, Poland), who became a Canadian businessman and was awarded the Order of Ontario.

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George of Poděbrady

George of Kunštát and Poděbrady (23 April 1420 – 22 March 1471), also known as Poděbrad or Podiebrad (Jiří z Poděbrad; Georg von Podiebrad), was King of Bohemia (1458–1471).

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George Placzek

George Placzek (native name: Georg Placzek) (September 26, 1905 – October 9, 1955) was a Czech physicist.

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Gerard van Swieten

Gerard van Swieten (7 May 1700 – 18 June 1772) was a Dutch-Austrian physician.

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Gerhard Flesch

Gerhard Friedrich Ernst Flesch (8 October 1909 – 28 February 1948) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era.

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Gerhard Taschner

Gerhard Taschner (25 May 192221 July 1976) was a noted German violinist and teacher.

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Gerhoh of Reichersberg

Gerhoh of Reichersberg (Latin: Gerhohus Reicherspergensis. b. at Polling 1093; d. at Reichersberg, 27 June 1169) was one of the most distinguished theologians of Germany in the twelfth century.

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German Christian Social People's Party

German Christian Social People's Party (Deutsche Christlich-Soziale Volkspartei, DCVP, Německá křesťansko sociální strana lidová) was an ethnic German political party in Czechoslovakia, formed as a continuation from the Austrian Christian Social Party.

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German nationalism in Austria

German nationalism (Deutschnationalismus) is a political ideology and historical current in Austrian politics.

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German occupation of Czechoslovakia

The German occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945) began with the German annexation of Czechoslovakia's northern and western border regions, formerly being part of German-Austria known collectively as the Sudetenland, under terms outlined by the Munich Agreement.

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German order of battle for Operation Fall Weiss

This article details the order of battle of German army units invading Poland in 1939.

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German revolutions of 1848–49

The German revolutions of 1848–49 (Deutsche Revolution 1848/1849), the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution (Märzrevolution), were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries.

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German South Moravia

German South Moravia was a historical region of Czechoslovakia.

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German town law

The German town law (Deutsches Stadtrecht) or German municipal concerns (Deutsches Städtewesen) was a set of early town privileges based on the Magdeburg rights developed by Otto I. The Magdeburg Law became the inspiration for regional town charters not only in Germany, but also in Central and Eastern Europe who modified it during the Middle Ages.

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German–Polish War (1002–18)

The German–Polish War which took place from 1002 to 1018 consisted of a series of struggles between the Ottonian king Henry II of Germany (Holy Roman Emperor from 1014) and the Polish Piast ruler Bolesław I the Brave.

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Germanisation

Germanisation (also spelled Germanization) is the spread of the German language, people and culture or policies which introduced these changes.

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Germans in Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)

The German-speaking population in the interwar Czechoslovak Republic, 23.3% of the population at the 1921 census, is usually reduced to the Sudeten Germans, but actually there were linguistic enclaves elsewhere in Czechoslovakia, and among the German-speaking urban dwellers there were "ethnic Germans" and/or Austrians as well as German-speaking Jews.

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Gerti Deutsch

Gerti Deutsch (also known as Gertrude Helene Deutsch and Gertrude Hopkinson) (1908-1979) was an Austrian-born British photographer.

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Gewürztraminer

Gewürztraminer is an aromatic wine grape variety, used in white wines, and performs best in cooler climates.

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Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette

Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette (6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), in the United States often known simply as Lafayette, was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War.

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Giorgi family

The House of Giorgi (in the sources also De Giorgi, Georgio, Zorzi, or, during late Renaissance also Latinized as de Georgiis; later in Croatian also Žurgović, more recently Đurđević) is a princely and ruling dynasty and one of the most prestigious noble families of the Republic of Ragusa that first began to gather prominence in Rome and the Republic of Venice.

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Gisela Januszewska

Gisela Januszewska (also known by surnames Kuhn, Rosenfeld and Roda; 22 January 1867 – 2 March 1943) was an Austrian physician.

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Giuseppe Francesco Borri

Giuseppe Francesco Borri (4 May 1627 in Milan – 20 August 1695 in Rome) was an alchemist, prophet and doctor.

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Glagolitic script

The Glagolitic script (Ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰹⱌⰰ Glagolitsa) is the oldest known Slavic alphabet.

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Golden Bull of Sicily

The Golden Bull of Sicily (Zlatá bula sicilská, Bulla Aurea Siciliæ) was a decree issued by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in Basel on 26 September 1212 that confirmed the royal title obtained by Ottokar I of Bohemia in 1198, declaring him and his heirs Kings of Bohemia.

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Gorazd (Pavlík)

Bishop Gorazd of Prague, given name Matěj Pavlík (26 May 1879 – 4 September 1942), was the hierarch of the revived Orthodox Church in Moravia, the Church of Czechoslovakia, after World War I. During World War II, having provided refuge for the assassins of SS-Obergruppenfuhrer Reinhard Heydrich, called The Hangman of Prague, in the cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Prague, Gorazd took full responsibility for protecting the patriots after the Schutzstaffel found them in the crypt of the cathedral.

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Gotini

The Gotini (in Tacitus), who are generally equated to the Cotini in other sources, were a Gaulish tribe living during Roman times in the mountains approximately near the modern borders of the Czech Republic, Poland (Silesia), and Slovakia.

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Gottfried Finger

Gottfried Finger (ca. 1655-6 – buried 31 August 1730), also Godfrey Finger, was a Moravian Baroque composer.

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Gotthard Deutsch

Gotthard Deutsch (31 January 1859 – 14 October 1921), also spelled Gottard Deutsch, was a scholar of Jewish history.

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Granger, Texas

Granger is a city in Williamson County, Texas, United States.

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Gravettian

The Gravettian was an archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic that succeeded the Aurignacian circa 33,000 years BP..

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Gründerzeit

Gründerzeit (literally: “founders’ period”) was the economic phase in 19th-century Germany and Austria before the great stock market crash of 1873.

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Great Moravia

Great Moravia (Regnum Marahensium; Μεγάλη Μοραβία, Megálī Moravía; Velká Morava; Veľká Morava; Wielkie Morawy), the Great Moravian Empire, or simply Moravia, was the first major state that was predominantly West Slavic to emerge in the area of Central Europe, chiefly on what is now the territory of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland (including Silesia), and Hungary.

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Great Northern War plague outbreak

During the Great Northern War (1700–1721), many towns and areas of the Circum-Baltic and East-Central Europe suffered from a severe outbreak of the plague with a peak from 1708 to 1712.

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Greater Germanic Reich

The Greater Germanic Reich (Großgermanisches Reich), fully styled the Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation (Großgermanisch Reich der Deutschen Nation) is the official state name of the political entity that Nazi Germany tried to establish in Europe during World War II.

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Green Party (Slovakia)

not to be confused with Slovak Green Party The Green Party (Strana zelených, SZ), until January 2006 called Green Party in Slovakia (Strana zelených na Slovensku), is an environmentalist political party in Slovakia without parliamentary representation.

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Gregor Mendel

Gregor Johann Mendel (Řehoř Jan Mendel; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) was a scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia.

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Gregorian chant

Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Guido Adler

Guido Adler (1 November 1855, Ivančice (Eibenschütz), Moravia – 15 February 1941, Vienna) was a Bohemian-Austrian musicologist and writer.

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Guido von List

Guido Karl Anton List, better known as Guido von List (5 October 1848 – 17 May 1919), was an Austrian occultist, journalist, playwright, and novelist.

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Gustav Adolph Kenngott

Gustav Adolph Kenngott (January 6, 1818 – March 7, 1897) was a German mineralogist.

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Gustav Groß

Gustav Groß (1856–1935) was a national liberal German Bohemian politician.

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Gustav Haloun

Gustav Haloun (12 January 1898, Brtnice, Moravia, Austria-Hungary — 24 December 1951, Cambridge, England) was a Czech sinologist.

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Gustav Mahler

Gustav Mahler (7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian late-Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation.

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Gustav Niessl von Mayendorf

Gustav Niessl von Mayendorf (26 April 1839 in Verona – 1 September 1919 in Hütteldorf, Vienna; often cited as G. von Niessl), was an Austrian astronomer and mycologist.

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Gustav Tschermak von Seysenegg

Gustav Tschermak von Seysenegg (19 April 1836 – 24 May 1927) was an Austrian mineralogist.

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Habsburg (disambiguation)

Habsburg generally refers to the House of Habsburg, an important and influential European family that held several royal titles.

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Halina Janiszewska

Halina Janiszewska (born Halina Maria Rogoyska on May 1, 1909 in Vitkovice, Moravia, died on November 17, 2006 in New York City) was a Polish social and political activist as well as a long-time member of the executive board of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America.

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Hallstatt culture

The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western and Central European culture of Early Iron Age Europe from the 8th to 6th centuries BC, developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC (Late Bronze Age) and followed in much of its area by the La Tène culture.

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Halušky

Halušky (in Czech and Slovak, singular: haluška; galuska, haluska or nokedli; gălușcă; galuška; галушка; virtinukai) are a traditional variety of thick, soft noodles or dumplings cooked in the Central and Eastern European cuisines (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Poland, Serbia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Romania and Hungary).

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Hana Machatová-Bogušovská

Hana Machatová-Bogušovská (born 31 July 1938) is a retired Czech rhythmic gymnast.

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Hanakia

Hanakia may refer to.

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Haná

Haná or Hanakia (Haná or Hanácko, Hanna or Hanakei) is an ethnographic region in central Moravia in the Czech Republic.

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Hanns Martin Schleyer

Hanns Martin Schleyer (1 May 1915 – 18 October 1977) was a German business executive and employer and industry representative, who served as President of two powerful commercial organizations, the Confederation of German Employers' Associations (Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen Arbeitgeberverbände, BDA) and the Federation of German Industries (Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie, BDI).

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Hans Balatka

Hans Balatka (March 5, 1827 – April 17, 1899) was a United States conductor and composer.

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Hans Hut

Hans Hut (c. 14906 December 1527) was a very active Anabaptist in southern Germany and Austria.

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Hans Joachim von Zieten

Hans Joachim von Zieten, sometimes spelled Johann Joachim von Ziethen, (14 May 1699 – 26 January 1786), also known as Zieten aus dem Busch, was a cavalry general in the Prussian Army.

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Hans Knirsch

Hans Knirsch (September 14, 1877, Triebendorf – December 6, 1933, Duchcov) was an Austro-German activist from Moravia for Austrian National Socialism.

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Hans Krebs (SS general)

Hans Krebs (26 April 1888 – 15 February 1947) was an Ethnic German Nazi Party member and SS-Brigadeführer from Czechoslovakia.

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Hans Ledwinka

Hans Ledwinka (14 February 1878 – 2 March 1967) was an Austrian automobile designer.

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Hans Molisch

Hans Molisch (6 December 1856, Brünn, Habsburg Moravia - 8 December 1937, Wien, Austria) was a Czech-Austrian botanist.

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Hans Otto

Hans Otto (1881–1931) was an Austrian film director and screenwriter of the silent era.

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Hans Schimmerling

Hanus aldo Schimmerling (1900–1967), was a pianist, composer, teacher, musicologist, and writer, known professionally as Hanns Aldo Schimmerling, was born to Hugo Schimmerling, a dentist, and Eugenie (Jennie) Grossman in Brno, the capital of Moravia in the Czech Republic.

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Hans Schlaffer

Hans Schlaffer (d. Schwaz, 4 February 1528) was a former Catholic priest, who became an Anabaptist in 1526.

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Hantec slang

Hantec is a unique slang previously spoken among lower classes in Brno, Czech Republic during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Haplogroup C-M130

Haplogroup C is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, defined by UEPs M130/RPS4Y711, P184, P255, and P260, which are all SNP mutations.

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Hardegg

Hardegg is a town in the district of Hollabrunn in Lower Austria, Austria.

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Havířov railway station

Havířov railway station is a train station in Havířov, Czech Republic, located on a line between the cities of Ostrava and Český Těšín.

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HC Vítkovice Ridera

HC Vítkovice Ridera is an ice hockey club based in Vítkovice (The Moravian-part of Ostrava) in the Czech Republic, competing in the Czech Extraliga.

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Heidi Lück

Heidi Lück née Pfeifer (born 6 April 1943) is a German social-democratic (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands SPD) politician and member of the Bavarian state parliament (Bayerischer Landtag) in the Sonthofen-Lindau electoral constituency.

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Heinrich Auspitz

Carl Heinrich Auspitz (September 2, 1835, in Nikolsburg, Moravia 22 May 1886, in Vienna) was a Jewish Austrian dermatologist.

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Heinrich Friedjung

Heinrich Friedjung (January 18, 1851 – July 14, 1920) was an Austrian historian and journalist.

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Heinrich Glücksmann

Heinrich Glücksmann (born 7 July 1864, in Rackschitz (Rakšice, nearby Moravský Krumlov) – died June 1947, in Argentina) was a Moravian-born Austrian author.

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Heinrich Kramer

Heinrich Kramer (1430 – 1505), also known under the Latinized name Henricus Institor, was a German churchman and inquisitor.

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Heinrich Maier

Heinrich Maier, DDr., born February 16, 1908 in Großweikersdorf, was executed on March 22, 1945 as the last victim of Hitler's régime in Vienna.

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Heinrich von Heß

Heinrich Hermann Josef Freiherr von Heß (also: von Hess) (17 March 1788, Vienna – 13 April 1870, Vienna), was an Austrian soldier and field marshal, who entered the army in 1805 and was soon employed as a staff officer on survey work.

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Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst

Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst (8 June 18128 October 1865) was a Moravian-Jewish violinist, violist and composer.

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Heinrich Wilhelm Schott

Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (7 January 1794 in Brünn (Brno), Moravia – 5 March 1865 at Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna) was an Austrian botanist well known for his extensive work on aroids (Family Araceae).

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Helen of Znojmo

Helena of Znojmo (Helena Znojemská; Helena znojemska; c. 1141–1202/06), was a Bohemian princess, a member of the Přemyslid dynasty.

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Helen Zelezny-Scholz

Helen Zelezny, also known in Europe as Helene Zelezny-Scholz, Helen Scholz or Helene Scholzová-Železná (16 August 1882 – 18 February 1974), was a Czech born sculptor and architectural sculptor.

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Helena Bochořáková-Dittrichová

Helena Bochořáková-Dittrichová (July 31, 1894, Vyškov, Moravia – 28 March 1980, Brno, Czechoslovakia) was a Czech illustrator, graphic novelist, and later a painter.

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Hellmut Diwald

Hellmut Diwald (13 August 1924 – 26 May 1993) was a German historian and Professor of Medieval and Modern History at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg from 1965 to 1985.

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Hellmuth Karasek

Hellmuth Karasek (4 January 1934 – 29 September 2015) was a German journalist, literary critic, novelist and the author of many books on literature and film.

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Henrietta Catharina, Baroness von Gersdorff

Henrietta Catharina, Baroness von Gersdorff (maiden name von Friesen auf Roetha, 6 October 1648, Sulzbach, Upper Palatinate – 6 March 1726, Grosshennersdorf, Upper Lusatia, Saxony) was a German Baroque religious poet, an advocate of Pietism and also a supporter of the beginnings of the Moravian Church.

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Henry Boernstein

Henry Boernstein (November 4, 1805 - September 10, 1892) was the publisher of the Anzeiger des Westens in St. Louis, Missouri, the oldest German newspaper west of the Mississippi River.

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Henry I, Margrave of Austria

Henry I (Heinrich, died 23 June 1018), known as Henry the Strong (Heinrich der Starke), was the Margrave of Austria from 994 to his death in 1018.

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Henry II the Pious

Henry II the Pious (Henryk II Pobożny) (1196 – 9 April 1241),*Cawley, Charles; Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Medieval Lands Project; Silesia v3.0; Dukes of Breslau (Wrocław) and Lower Silesia 1163–1278 (Piast) (Chap 4); Heinrich II Duke of Lower Silesia; retrieved May 2015.

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Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor

Henry II (Heinrich II; Enrico II) (6 May 973 – 13 July 1024), also known as Saint Henry, Obl. S. B., was Holy Roman Emperor ("Romanorum Imperator") from 1014 until his death in 1024 and the last member of the Ottonian dynasty of Emperors as he had no children.

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Henry IV of Neuhaus

Henry IV of Neuhaus (also known as Henry IV of Hradec; Jindřich IV.; 13 April 1442 – 17 January 1507), was a member of the Telč branch of the noble von Neuhaus family.

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Henry Kulka

Henry (Jindřich, Heinrich) Kulka (29 March 1900 – 9 May 1971) was a Moravian (Czechoslovak) modern architect who was a key figure in the development of ‘Raumplan’ architecture in central Europe between 1919 and 1938.

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Herborn Academy

The Herborn Academy (Academia Nassauensis) was a Calvinist-Reformed institution of higher learning in Herborn from 1584 to 1817.

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Herburt coat of arms

Herburt - is a Polish coat of arms.

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Heredity

Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

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Herman Potočnik

Herman Potočnik (pseudonym Hermann Noordung; 22 December 1892 – 27 August 1929) was a Slovene rocket engineer and pioneer of cosmonautics (astronautics).

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Hermann Edler von Zeissl

Hermann Edler von Zeissl (22 September 1817 – 23 September 1884) was a Moravia-born Austrian Jewish dermatologist who was born in the village of Vierzighuben (Čtyřicet Lánů, Svitavy-Lány), near Zwittau, Moravia.

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Hermann Göring

Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering;; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German political and military leader as well as one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945.

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Hermann Pokorny

Hermann Pokorny (Kroměříž, Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1882–1960, Budapest, Hungary) was a World War I Austro-Hungarian Army cryptologist whose work with Russian ciphers contributed substantially to Central Powers victories over Russia.

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Hermann Wassertrilling

Hermann Wassertrilling, or Hebrew: Ẓebi-Hirsch ben Nathan Wassertrilling, (Zwi-)Hirsch Wassertrilling (born in Boskowitz, Moravia) was an Austrian Hebraist who flourished in the 19th century.

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Hermína Týrlová

Hermína Týrlová (11 December 1900 in Březové Hory – 3 May 1993 in Zlín) was a prominent Czech animator, screen writer, and film director.

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Herrmannstadt

Herrmannstadt is a common misspelling of Hermannstadt that is the German name for the following cities.

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Highways in the Czech Republic

Highways in the Czech Republic are managed by the state-owned Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic –, established in 1997.

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Hildebert and Everwin

Hildebert and Everwin were two lay medieval artists.

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Historical mystery

The historical mystery or historical whodunit is a subgenre of two literary genres, historical fiction and mystery fiction.

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History of Austria

The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state.

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History of birth control

The history of birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, refers to the methods or devices that have been historically used to prevent pregnancy.

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History of Bratislava

Bratislava (~1000-1919 called Pozsony/Pressburg), the capital of Slovakia and the country's largest city, enjoyed a rich and colorful history.

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History of Brno

Brno was recognised as a town in 1243 by Wenceslaus I, King of Bohemia, but the area had been settled since the 2nd century.

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History of Christianity during the Middle Ages

The history of Christianity during the Middle Ages is the history of Christianity between the Fall of Rome and the onset of the Protestant Reformation during the early 16th century, the development usually taken to mark the beginning of modern Christianity.

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History of Christianity in Slovakia

The beginnings of the history of Christianity in Slovakia can most probably be traced back to the period following the collapse of the Avar Empire at the end of the 8th century.

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History of Christianity in the Czech Lands

The history of Christianity in the Czech Lands began in the 9th century.

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History of Czechoslovak nationality

The history of Czechoslovak nationality involves the rise and fall of national feeling among Czechs and Slovaks.

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History of Czechoslovakia

With the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy at the end of World War I, the independent country of CzechoslovakiaEdited by Keith Sword The Times Guide to Eastern Europe Times Book, 1990 p. 53 (Czech, Slovak: Československo) was formed as a result of the critical intervention of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, among others.

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History of Czechoslovakia (1918–38)

The Czechoslovak First Republic emerged from the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in October 1918.

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History of early modern period domes

The construction of domes in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries relied primarily on empirical techniques and oral traditions rather than the architectural treatises of the times, which avoided practical details.

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History of Germany

The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered.

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History of Liechtenstein

Political identity came to the territory now occupied by the Principality of Liechtenstein in 814, with the formation of the subcountry of Lower Rhætia.

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History of Maramureș

Maramureș (in Romanian; Dacian: Maramarista; Latin: Marmatia; Máramaros; Мармарощина) is a historical region in the north of Transylvania, along the upper Tisa River.

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History of Mongolia

Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BCE to 1st century CE), the Xianbei state (93 to 234 CE), the Rouran Khaganate (330-555), the Turkic Khaganate (552-744) and others, ruled the area of present-day Mongolia.

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History of Moravia

The history of Moravia, one of the Czech lands, is diverse and characterized by many periods of foreign governance.

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History of Novi Sad

Novi Sad is the second largest city of Serbia.

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History of Poland (1939–1945)

The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany to the end of World War II.

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History of Poland during the Piast dynasty

The period of rule by the Piast dynasty between the 10th and 14th centuries is the first major stage of the history of the Polish nation.

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History of Protestantism

Protestantism originated from work of several theologians starting in the 12th century, although there could have been earlier cases of which there is no surviving evidence.

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History of science

The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural and social sciences.

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History of Silesia

In the second half of the 2nd millennium B.C. (late Bronze Age) Silesia belonged to the Lusatian culture.

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History of Slovakia

This article discusses the history of the territory of Slovakia.

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History of the Czech lands

The history of what are now known as the Czech lands (České země) is very diverse.

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History of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages

The history of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages encompasses the period from the rule of Vladislav II (c.1110–1174 AD) to that of Henry of Bohemia (c.1265–1335).

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History of the Czechs in Baltimore

The history of the Czechs in Baltimore dates back to the mid-19th century.

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History of the Germans in Poland

The history of the Germans in Poland dates back over a millennium.

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History of the Jews in Czechoslovakia

table 1.

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