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Middle Ages

Index Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. [1]

9971 relations: A Confederacy of Dunces, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, A Coruña, A Fire Upon the Deep, A History of Chess, A History of Christianity (Johnson book), A Kestrel for a Knave, A Knight's Tale, A Touch of Magic, A Treatise on the Astrolabe, A Wizard in Rhyme, A World Lit Only by Fire, A World of Difference (novel), A. H. de Oliveira Marques, A. 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Amphisbaena, Amphora, Amriswil, Amrum, Amsoldingen, Amsterdam, Amsterdam Centraal station, Amsterdam Museum, Amstetten (Württemberg), Amtgard, Amtmann, Amusement park, An Introduction to Old Norse, Anachitis, Anachronism, Anafi, Anagram, Anal sex, Analogy, Anarchism in the United Kingdom, Anarchist economics, Anastenaria, Anatoly Fomenko, Anchorite, Ancient astronauts, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination, Ancient Empires (mobile game), Ancient Greek literature, Ancient Greek medicine, Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Hawaii, Ancient history of Transylvania, Ancient Macedonians, Ancient Roman units of measurement, Ancient Rome, Ancient technology, Andalusia, Andalusian cuisine, Andau, Andebu, Anderitum, Andernach, Andora, Andravida, André Kertész, Andrei Belyanin, Andrei Rublev (film), Andrija Buvina, Andrijevica, Andriyivskyy Descent, Androcles, Angelburg, Anger, Angeren, Angers, Angers Cathedral, Angharad, Angie Bray, Angilbert, Anglefort, Anglian Tower, Anglican 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Instruments, Bathampton Down, Bathing, Batman Black and White, Batroun, Battering ram, Battle, Battle Blaze, Battle cry, Battle of Achelous (917), Battle of Adrianople, Battle of Avignon, Battle of Badajoz (1936), Battle of Bosworth Field, Battle of Fuengirola, Battle of Harlaw, Battle of Lincoln (1217), Battle of Mohács, Battle of Nicopolis, Battle of Ongal, Battle of Roncevaux Pass, Battle of Stilo, Battle of the Gates of Trajan, Battle of the Golden Spurs, Battle of Tours, Battle of Valea Albă, Battle of Worringen, Battle of Zawichost, Battle on the Marchfeld, BattleLore (board game), Battlement, Batz-sur-Mer, Bautzen, Bavarian Geographer, Bawean, Bay of Gibraltar, Bay of Kiel, Bayreuth, Bayt Jibrin, Bácsalmás, Bánovce nad Bebravou, Báthory family, Bærum, Békéscsaba, Bönnigheim, Börger, Bözen, Büsum, Büttelborn, Bălți, Beadsman, Beagle, Bear-leader, Beard, Bearley, Beast of the Earth, Beasts (Crowley novel), Beat about the Bush, Beatrice Portinari, Beatus of Liébana, Beaucaire, 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Book curse, Book of Esther, Book of hours, Book of Judith, Book of Leinster, Book of Prophecies, Book of the Civilized Man, Book of the Penitence of Adam, Book of Zephaniah, Boppard, Borcea, Border Reivers, Borgman, Borgnone, Borgo (rione of Rome), Borjomi, Bormio, Borna, Leipzig, Borough, Borough High Street, Borras, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Borsodnádasd, Borychiv Descent, Bosa, Boscobel House, Botany, Bothal Castle, Bothwell Castle, Botkyrka Municipality, Boudevilliers, Boudica, Boudry, Bouillon, Boules, Boulevard, Boulevard Saint-Germain, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Bourbon Restoration, Bourbon-Lancy, Bourgeoisie, Bourges, Bourne Castle, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Bourtreehill House, Bow Back Rivers, Bowed psaltery, Bowling (cricket), Bowtell, Boxing Day, Boy bishop, Boy player, Boyana Church, Bozhidar Spasov, Brabantian dialect, Bradwell Abbey, Brașov, Braga, Braine-l'Alleud, Brakel, Germany, Bramley, Surrey, Brampton Bryan, Brancaleone at the Crusades, Branding iron, Brandon, County Durham, 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Expand index (9921 more) »

A Confederacy of Dunces

A Confederacy of Dunces is a picaresque novel by American novelist John Kennedy Toole which reached publication in 1980, eleven years after Toole's suicide.

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A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court is an 1889 novel by American humorist and writer Mark Twain.

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A Coruña

A Coruña (is a city and municipality of Galicia, Spain. It is the second most populated city in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country. The city is the provincial capital of the province of the same name, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982, before being replaced by Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña is a busy port located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It provides a distribution point for agricultural goods from the region.

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A Fire Upon the Deep

A Fire Upon the Deep is a science fiction novel by American writer Vernor Vinge, a space opera involving superhuman intelligences, aliens, physics, space battles, love, betrayal, genocide, and a conversation medium resembling Usenet.

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A History of Chess

The book A History of Chess was written by H. J. R. Murray (1868–1955) and published in 1913.

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A History of Christianity (Johnson book)

A History of Christianity is a 1976 study of the history of Christianity by the British historian Paul Johnson.

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A Kestrel for a Knave

A Kestrel for a Knave is a novel by English author Barry Hines, published in 1968.

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A Knight's Tale

A Knight's Tale is a 2001 American medieval adventure-comedy film written, produced, and directed by Brian Helgeland.

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A Touch of Magic

A Touch of Magic (1961) is a cult-classic General Motors sponsored-film short musical.

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A Treatise on the Astrolabe

A Treatise on the Astrolabe is a medieval instruction manual on the astrolabe by Geoffrey Chaucer.

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A Wizard in Rhyme

A Wizard in Rhyme is a series of fantasy novels by American writer Christopher Stasheff.

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A World Lit Only by Fire

A World Lit Only by Fire (1992), by American historian William Manchester, is an informal history of the European Middle Ages, structured into three sections: "The Medieval Mind", "The Shattering", and "One Man Alone".

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A World of Difference (novel)

A World of Difference is a 1990 science fiction novel by American writer Harry Turtledove.

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A. H. de Oliveira Marques

António Henrique Rodrigo de Oliveira Marques (23 August 1933 - 23 January 2007) was a Portuguese historian.

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A. Martin Freeman

A.

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A2 (Croatia)

The A2 motorway (Autocesta A2) is a motorway in the Hrvatsko Zagorje region of northern Croatia, connecting Zagreb to the Macelj border crossing and Slovenia.

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A303 road

The A303 is a trunk road in southern England, running between Basingstoke in Hampshire and Honiton in Devon via Stonehenge.

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A466 road

The A466, also known as the Wye Valley Road, is a road from Hereford, England to Chepstow, Wales via Monmouth, Tintern and the Wye Valley.

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A59 road

The A59 is a major road in England which is around long and runs from Wallasey, Merseyside to York, North Yorkshire.

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Aabenraa

The city of Aabenraa or Åbenrå (Apenrade,; Sønderjysk: Affenråe), with a population of 15,814 (1 January 2014), is at the head of the Aabenraa Fjord, an arm of the Little Belt, in Denmark, north of the town of Schleswig.

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Aachen

Aachen or Bad Aachen, French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle, is a spa and border city.

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Aalborg

Aalborg, is Denmark's fourth largest city with an urban population of 136,000, including 22,000 in the twin city Nørresundby 600 meters across the Limfjord.

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Aalborg County

Aalborg County is a former province in Denmark, located in north-eastern Jutland around the eastern approach to the Limfjord.

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Aalen

Aalen is a former Free Imperial City located in the eastern part of the German state of Baden-Württemberg, about east of Stuttgart and north of Ulm.

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Aalst, Belgium

Aalst (Alost, Brabantian: Oilsjt) is a city and municipality on the Dender River, northwest from Brussels.

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Aardenburg

Aardenburg is a small city (population as of 2008: 2,438) close to the Dutch border with Belgium.

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Aarhus

Aarhus (officially spelled Århus from 1948 until 31 December 2010) is the second-largest city in Denmark and the seat of Aarhus municipality.

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Aarne Ruben

Aarne Ruben, 2009. Aarne Ruben (17 July 1971 in Tallinn) is an Estonian writer.

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Aartswoud

Aartswoud (West Frisian: Ierswoud) is an unincorporated village in the Dutch province of North Holland, part of the municipality of Opmeer.

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Ab Kettleby

Ab Kettleby is a village and civil parish in the Melton district of Leicestershire, England, located north of Melton Mowbray, on the A606 road.

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Abaújvár

Abaújvár is a village in northeastern Hungary, next to the Slovak border.

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Abandoned village

An abandoned village is a village that has, for some reason, been deserted.

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Abanilla

Abanilla is a Spanish municipality located in the Comarca Oriental (composed by Fortuna and Abanilla) in the Autonomous Community of Murcia.

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Abarimon

Abarimon or antipode is in mythology a people whose feet are turned backwards, but in spite of this handicap were able to run at great speed.

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Abatement (heraldry)

An abatement (sometimes termed rebatement) is a modification of a coat of arms, representing a less-than honorable augmentation, imposed by an heraldic authority (such as the Court of Chivalry in England) or by royal decree for misconduct.

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Abbadid dynasty

The Abbadid dynasty or Abbadids (Arabic,بنو عباد) was an Arab Muslim dynasty which arose in Al-Andalus on the downfall of the Caliphate of Cordoba (756–1031).

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Abbécourt

Abbécourt is a French commune in the Aisne department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

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Abbess

In Christianity, an abbess (Latin abbatissa, feminine form of abbas, abbot) is the female superior of a community of nuns, which is often an abbey.

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Abbey

An abbey is a complex of buildings used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess.

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Abbey of Saint Gall

The Abbey of Saint Gall (Abtei St.) is a dissolved abbey (747–1805) in a Roman Catholic religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

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Abbot of Iona

The Abbot of Iona was the head of Iona Abbey during the Middle Ages and the leader of the monastic community of Iona, as well as the overlord of scores of monasteries in both Scotland and Ireland, including Durrow, Kells and, for a time, Lindisfarne.

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Abbots Bromley

Abbots Bromley is a village and civil parish within the English county of Staffordshire, England.

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Abdeen Palace

Abdeen Palace (قصر عابدين) is a historic Cairo palace, and one of the official residences and the principal workplace of the President of Egypt, located above Qasr el-Nil Street in eastern Downtown Cairo, Egypt.

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Abensberg

Abensberg is a town in the Lower Bavarian district of Kelheim, in Bavaria, Germany, lying around 30 km southwest of Regensburg, 40 km east of Ingolstadt, 50 northwest of Landshut and 100 km north of Munich.

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Aberavon

Aberavon (Aberafan) is a settlement in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales.

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Aberdaron

Aberdaron is a community, electoral ward and former fishing village at the western tip of the Llŷn Peninsula (Penrhyn Llŷn) in the Welsh county of Gwynedd.

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Aberdeen

Aberdeen (Aiberdeen,; Obar Dheathain; Aberdonia) is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 37th most populous built-up area, with an official population estimate of 196,670 for the city of Aberdeen and for the local authority area.

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Aberdeen Bestiary

The Aberdeen Bestiary (Aberdeen University Library, Univ Lib. MS 24) is a 12th-century English illuminated manuscript bestiary that was first listed in 1542 in the inventory of the Old Royal Library at the Palace of Westminster.

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Aberdeenshire

Aberdeenshire (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland.

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Aberffraw

Aberffraw (Aberffro) is a small village and community on the south west coast of the Isle of Anglesey (Ynys Môn), in Wales, by the west bank of the Afon Ffraw (Ffraw River).

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Abergavenny

Abergavenny (Y Fenni, archaically Abergafenni meaning "Mouth of the River Gavenny") is a market town in Monmouthshire, Wales.

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Aberglaslyn Pass

The Aberglaslyn Pass (Bwlch Aberglaslyn) is a narrow gorge of considerable beauty in Snowdonia, Gwynedd, north Wales.

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Aberglasney

Aberglasney House and Gardens is a medieval house and gardens set in the Tywi valley in the parish of Llangathen, Carmarthenshire, West Wales.

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Aberllefenni

Aberllefenni is a village in the south of Gwynedd, Wales.

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Abertillery

Abertillery (Abertyleri, meaning mouth of the River Tyleri) is the largest town of the Ebbw Fach valley in what was the historic county of Monmouthshire, Wales.

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Ablon

Ablon is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

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Ablution in Christianity

Ablution, in religion, is a prescribed washing of part or all of the body of possessions, such as clothing or ceremonial objects, with the intent of purification or dedication.

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Abnormal psychology

Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and thought, which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder.

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Aboa Vetus & Ars Nova

Aboa Vetus and Ars Nova is a museum in central Turku, Finland.

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Abraham ben Nathan

Abraham ben Nathan (אברהם בן נתן) was a Provençal rabbi and scholar born in the second half of the 12th century, probably at Lunel, Languedoc, where he also received his education.

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Abraham ibn Ezra

Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra (אַבְרָהָם אִבְּן עֶזְרָא or ראב"ע; ابن عزرا; also known as Abenezra or Aben Ezra, 1089–c.1167) was one of the most distinguished Jewish biblical commentators and philosophers of the Middle Ages.

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Abram, Greater Manchester

Abram is a village and electoral ward in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England.

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Absalon

Absalon or Axel (21 March 1201) was a Danish archbishop and statesman, who was the Bishop of Roskilde from 1158 to 1192 and Archbishop of Lund from 1178 until his death.

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Abtsteinach

Abtsteinach is a community in the Bergstraße district in Hesse, Germany.

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Abtwil, Aargau

Abtwil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

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Academic degree

An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.

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Academic dress of the University of St Andrews

Academic dress at the University of St Andrews is an important part of university life, with students wearing distinctive academic gowns whilst studying at the University of St Andrews.

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Accidental (music)

In music, an accidental is a note of a pitch (or pitch class) that is not a member of the scale or mode indicated by the most recently applied key signature.

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Accolade

The accolade (also known as dubbing or adoubement) (benedictio militis) was the central act in the rite of passage ceremonies conferring knighthood in the Middle Ages.

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Accounting

Accounting or accountancy is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial information about economic entities such as businesses and corporations.

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Acephali

In church history, the term acephali (from Ancient Greek: ἀκέφαλοι akephaloi, "headless", singular ἀκέφαλος akephalos from ἀ- a-, "without", and κεφαλή kephalé, "head") has been applied to several sects that supposedly had no leader.

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Achard

Achard is a surname and was a given name in the Middle Ages As a surname, it may refer to.

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Acharei Mot

Acharei Mot (also Aharei Mot, or Aharei Mos) (Hebrew for "after the death") is the 29th weekly Torah portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.

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Achelous

In Greek mythology, Achelous (Ancient Greek: Ἀχελώїoς, and later Ἀχελῷος Achelṓios) was originally the god of all water and the rivers of the world were viewed by many as his sinews.

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Achern

Achern is a city in Western Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Achieved status

Achieved status is a concept developed by the anthropologist Ralph Linton denoting a social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen.

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Achtkarspelen

Achtkarspelen is a municipality in Friesland in the northern Netherlands.

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Acklam, Middlesbrough

Acklam is a suburb of Middlesbrough, in the unitary authority of Middlesbrough, in north-east England and is associated with the county of North Yorkshire for ceremonial purposes.

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Acquaformosa

Acquaformosa (Firmosa) is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza in the Calabria region of Italy.

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Acre

The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems.

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Acre, Israel

Acre (or, עַכּוֹ, ʻAko, most commonly spelled as Akko; عكّا, ʻAkkā) is a city in the coastal plain region of Israel's Northern District at the extremity of Haifa Bay.

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Acrise

Acrise is an ecclesiastical and civil parish in the Folkestone and Hythe district, Kent, England, about six miles north of Folkestone.

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Acrobatics

Acrobatics (from Greek ἀκροβατέω akrobateō, "walk on tiptoe, strut") is the performance of extraordinary human feats of balance, agility, and motor coordination.

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Acton, Cheshire

Acton is a small village and civil parish lying immediately west of the town of Nantwich in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England.

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Acts of the Martyrs

Acts of the Martyrs (Latin Acta Martyrum) are accounts of the suffering and death of a Christian martyr or group of martyrs.

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Acumincum

Acumincum was an ancient Roman settlement, located in the present day town of Stari Slankamen, Serbia.

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AD 1

AD 1 (I), 1 AD or 1 CE is the epoch year for the Anno Domini calendar era.

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AD 10

AD 10 (X) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 100

AD 100 (C) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 11

AD 11 (XI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 12

AD 12 (XII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 13

AD 13 (XIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 14

AD 14 (XIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 15

AD 15 (XV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 16

AD 16 (XVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 17

AD 17 (XVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 18

AD 18 (XVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 19

AD 19 (XIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 20

AD 20 (XX) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 23

AD 23 (XXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 24

AD 24 (XXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 26

AD 26 (XXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 27

AD 27 (XXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 28

AD 28 (XXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 29

AD 29 (XXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 31

AD 31 (XXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 32

AD 32 (XXXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 33

AD 33 (XXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 34

AD 34 (XXXIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 35

AD 35 (XXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 36

AD 36 (XXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 37

AD 37 (XXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 38

AD 38 (XXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 39

AD 39 (XXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 4

AD 4 (IV) was a common year starting on Wednesday or a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar.

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AD 41

AD 41 (XLI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 43

AD 43 (XLIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 44

AD 44 (XLIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 48

AD 48 (XLVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 49

AD 49 (XLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 5

AD 5 (V) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 52

AD 52 (LII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 53

AD 53 (LIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 59

AD 59 (LIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 6

AD 6 (VI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 60

AD 60 (LX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 61

AD 61 (LXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 62

AD 62 (LXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 63

AD 63 (LXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 64

AD 64 (LXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 66

AD 66 (LXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 67

AD 67 (LXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 68

AD 68 (LXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 69

AD 69 (LXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 7

AD 7 (VII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 70

AD 70 (LXX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 71

AD 71 (LXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 72

AD 72 (LXXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 73

AD 73 (LXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 74

AD 74 (LXXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 75

AD 75 (LXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 77

AD 77 (LXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 78

AD 78 (LXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 79

AD 79 (LXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 8

AD 8 (VIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 80

AD 80 (LXXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 81

A.D. 81 (LXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 82

AD 82 (LXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 83

AD 83 (LXXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 84

AD 84 (LXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 85

AD 85 (LXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 86

AD 86 (LXXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 87

AD 87 (LXXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 89

AD 89 (LXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 9

AD 9 (IX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 90

AD 90 (XC) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 91

AD 91 (XCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 92

AD 92 (XCII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 93

AD 93 (XCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 94

AD 94 (XCIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 95

AD 95 (XCV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 96

AD 96 (XCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 97

AD 97 (XCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 98

AD 98 (XCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Adal Sultanate

The Adal Sultanate, or Kingdom of Adal (alt. spelling Adel Sultanate), was a Muslim Sultanate located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din II after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. The kingdom flourished from around 1415 to 1577. The sultanate and state were established by the local inhabitants of Harar. At its height, the polity controlled most of the territory in the Horn region immediately east of the Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinia). The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire.

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Adam

Adam (ʾĀdam; Adám) is the name used in the opening chapters of the Book of Genesis for the first man created by God, but it is also used in a collective sense as "mankind" and individually as "a human".

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Adam Müller

Adam Heinrich Müller (30 June 1779 – 17 January 1829; after 1827 Ritter von Nitterdorf) was a German publicist, literary critic, political economist, theorist of the state and forerunner of economic romanticism.

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Adam of Bremen

Adam of Bremen (Adamus Bremensis; Adam von Bremen) was a German medieval chronicler.

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Adamant

Adamant and similar words are used to refer to any especially hard substance, whether composed of diamond, some other gemstone, or some type of metal.

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Adamites

The Adamites, or Adamians, were adherents of an Early Christian sect that gathered in North Africa in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th centuries.

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Adare

Adare is a small village in County Limerick, Ireland, located south-west of the city of Limerick.

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Addingham

Addingham (formerly Haddincham, Odingehem 1086)Mills, A.D. (2003).

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Adelantado

Adelantado (meaning "advanced") was a title held by Spanish nobles in service of their respective kings during the Middle Ages.

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Adelard of Bath

Adelard of Bath (Adelardus Bathensis; 1080 1152 AD) was a 12th-century English natural philosopher.

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Adelsö

Adelsö is an island in the middle of Lake Mälaren in Sweden, near southern and northern Björkfjärden.

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Adelsheim

Adelsheim is a small town in northern Baden-Württemberg, about 30 km north of Heilbronn.

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Adenau

Adenau is a town in the High Eifel in Germany.

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Adil Shahi dynasty

The Adil Shahi or Adilshahi, was a Shia Muslim dynasty, founded by Yusuf Adil Shah, that ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur, centred on present-day Bijapur district, Karnataka in India, in the Western area of the Deccan region of Southern India from 1489 to 1686.

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Adlington, Lancashire

Adlington is a small town and civil parish in Lancashire, England, near the West Pennine Moors and the town of Chorley.

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Admiral of the fleet

An admiral of the fleet or fleet admiral (sometimes also known as admiral of the navy or grand admiral) is a military naval officer of the highest rank.

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Admont Abbey

Admont Abbey (Stift Admont) is a Benedictine monastery located on the Enns River in the town of Admont, Austria.

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Adolf Erman

Johann Peter Adolf Erman (31 October 185426 June 1937) was a renowned German Egyptologist and lexicographer.

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Adolph Goldschmidt

Adolph Goldschmidt (15 January 1863 – 5 January 1944) was a Jewish German art historian.

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Adolphe Napoléon Didron

Adolphe Napoléon Didron (1806–1867) was a French art historian and archaeologist.

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Adolphus Ballard

Adolphus Ballard (22 February 1867 – 1915) was an English historian and solicitor.

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Adolphus von Dalberg

Adolphus von Dalberg (29 May 1678 – 3 November 1737) was a German Benedictine Prince-Abbot of Fulda Abbey and founder of the former university in the same city — University of Fulda.

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Adoption

Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parent or parents.

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Adrara San Rocco

Adrara San Rocco (St. Roch in Bergamo dialect) is an Italian town in the province of Bergamo, in the administrative region of Lombardy.

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Adult

Biologically, an adult is a human or other organism that has reached sexual maturity.

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Adverse possession

Adverse possession, sometimes colloquially described as "squatter's rights", is a legal principle that applies when a person who does not have legal title to a piece of propertyusually land (real property)attempts to claim legal ownership based upon a history of possession or occupation of the land without the permission of its legal owner.

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Advocatus

During the Middle Ages, the Latin word advocatus (in English, advocate; in French avoué; in German, Vogt) was a general term for any person called (ad vocatus) to defend another, such as a lawyer or an advocatus ecclesiae, usually a lay lord charged with the protecting a particular church.

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Adysh

Adishi (Adysh, Hadysh) is a highland village, 2,040 metres above sea level, in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Georgia, 44 kilometres from the town of Mestia.

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Adysh Gospels

The Adysh Gospels (Adishi Four Gospels) (ადიშის ოთხთავი) is an important early medieval Gospel Book from Georgia.

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Aegopodium podagraria

Aegopodium podagraria L. commonly called ground elder, herb gerard, bishop's weed, goutweed, gout wort, and snow-in-the-mountain, and sometimes called English masterwort, Mrs.

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Aelius Donatus

Aelius Donatus (fl. mid-fourth century AD) was a Roman grammarian and teacher of rhetoric.

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Aemilius Macer

Aemilius Macer of Verona was a Roman didactic poet.

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Aeon (Thelema)

In the religion of Thelema, it is believed that the history of humanity can be divided into a series of aeons (also written æons), each of which was accompanied by its own forms of "magical and religious expression".

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Aeterni Patris

Aeterni Patris (English: Of the Eternal Father) was an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII in August 1879, (not to be confused with the apostolic letter of the same name written by Pope Pius IX in 1868 calling the First Vatican Council).

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Aetites

In the magico-medical tradition of Europe and the Near East, the aetites (singular in Latin) or aetite (anglicized) is a stone used to promote childbirth.

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Affetside

Affetside is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England.

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Afon Lwyd

The Afon Lwyd (Grey River) is a 13-mile long river in south-east Wales which flows from its source north of Blaenavon, through Abersychan, Pontnewynydd, Pontypool, Llanfrechfa and Cwmbran before flowing into the River Usk at Caerleon, which subsequently flows into the Bristol Channel in Newport.

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Africa (Petrarch)

Africa is an epic poem in Latin hexameters by the 14th century Italian poet Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca).

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African Romance

African Romance or African Latin is an extinct Romance language that is assumed to have been spoken in the Roman province of Africa by the Roman Africans during the later Roman and early Byzantine Empires and several centuries after the annexation of the region by the Umayyad Caliphate in 696.

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Age of consent

The age of consent is the age below which a minor is considered to be legally incompetent to consent to sexual acts.

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Age of Empires

Age of Empires is a series of historical real-time strategy video games, originally developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Studios.

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Age of Empires II

Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings is a real-time strategy video game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft.

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Agnano

Agnano is a volcanic crater in Napoli, Italy, situated northwest of Naples in the Campi Flegrei region.

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Agno, Ticino

Agno is a historic town and a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

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Agnone

Agnone is a comune in the province of Isernia, in the Molise region of southern Italy.

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Agriculture in India

The history of Agriculture in India dates back to Indus Valley Civilization Era and even before that in some parts of Southern India.

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Agrimonia

Agrimonia (from the Greek ἀργεμώνη), commonly known as agrimony, is a genus of 12–15 species of perennial herbaceous flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with one species also in Africa.

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Agropoli

Agropoli (Cilentan: Aruòpole or Aruòpëlë) is a town and comune, former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see located in the Cilento area of the province of Salerno, Campania, Italy.

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Aharon HaLevi

Aharon ben Joseph ha-Levi (אהרון הלוי‎; 1235 – c. 1290), known by his Hebrew acronym Ra'aH, was a medieval rabbi, Talmudic scholar and Halakhist.

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Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis

Aigrefeuille-d'Aunis is a French commune in the Charente-Maritime department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

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Aimoin

Aimoin of Fleury (Aimoinus (Annonius; Aemonius) Floriacensis), French chronicler, was born at Villefranche-de-Longchat about 960, and in early life entered the monastery of Fleury, where he became a monk and passed the greater part of his life.

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Ainaži

Ainaži (pronounced; Heinaste, Haynasch) is a harbour town in the Vidzeme region of Latvia.

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Ainhice-Mongelos

Ainhice-Mongelos is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in southwestern France.

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Air raid shelter

Air raid shelters, also known as bomb shelters, are structures for the protection of non-combatants as well as combatants against enemy attacks from the air.

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Aiud

Aiud (Brucla, Nagyenyed, Hungarian pronunciation:; Straßburg am Mieresch) is a city located in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania.

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Aix-en-Issart

Aix-en-Issart is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.

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Aix-en-Provence

Aix-en-Provence (Provençal Occitan: Ais de Provença in classical norm, or Ais de Prouvènço in Mistralian norm,, Aquae Sextiae), or simply Aix (medieval Occitan Aics), is a city-commune in the south of France, about north of Marseille.

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Aix-les-Bains

Aix-les-Bains (French: Èx-los-Bens, Aquae Gratianae), locally called Aix, is a commune in the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

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Ajaccio

Ajaccio is a French commune, prefecture of the department of Corse-du-Sud, and head office of the Collectivité territoriale de Corse (capital city of Corsica).

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Ajuran (clan)

The Ajuran (Arabic: أجران) is a Somali clan.

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Ajuran Sultanate

The Ajuran Sultanate (Dawladdii Ajuuraan, الدولة الأجورانيون), also spelled Ajuuraan Sultanate, and often simply as Ajuran, was a Somali empire in the medieval times that dominated the Indian Ocean trade.

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Akelarre

Akelarre is the Basque term meaning Witches' Sabbath (the place where witches hold their meetings).

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Akele Guzai

Akele Guzai was a province in the interior of Eritrea until 1996, when the newly independent national government consolidated all provinces into six regions.

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Akeley, Buckinghamshire

Akeley is a village and civil parish about north of Buckingham in the Aylesbury Vale district of Buckinghamshire.

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Akeman Street

Akeman Street was a major Roman road in England that linked Watling Street with the Fosse Way.

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Akershus Fortress

Akershus Fortress (Akershus Festning) or Akershus Castle (Akershus slott) is a medieval castle that was built to protect and provide a royal residence for Oslo, the capital of Norway.

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Akhmim

Akhmim (أخميم,; from Egyptian: Khent-min ; Sahidic Ϣⲙⲓⲛ) is a city in the Sohag Governorate of Upper Egypt.

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Akkadian Empire

The Akkadian Empire was the first ancient Semitic-speaking empire of Mesopotamia, centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region, also called Akkad in ancient Mesopotamia in the Bible.

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Al Khan

Al Khan is a southern suburb of the city of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

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Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus (الأنْدَلُس, trans.; al-Ándalus; al-Ândalus; al-Àndalus; Berber: Andalus), also known as Muslim Spain, Muslim Iberia, or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal.

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Al-Dhahabi

Al-Dhahabi (Full name: Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī al-Dimashqī al-Shāfiʿī, محمد بن احمد بن عثمان بن قيم ، أبو عبد الله شمس الدين الذهبي), known also as Ibn al-Dhahabī (5 October 1274 – 3 February 1348), a Shafi'i Muhaddith and historian of Islam.

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Al-Juwayni

Imam al-Haramayn Dhia' ul-Din Abd al-Malik ibn Yusuf al-Juwayni al-Shafi'i (امام الحرمین ضیاءالدین عبدالملک ابن یوسف جوینی شافعی, 17 February 1028— 19 August 1085; 419—478 AH) was a Persian Sunni Shafi'i jurist and mutakallim theologian.

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Al-Kindi

Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; Alkindus; c. 801–873 AD) was an Arab Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician and musician.

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Al-Maʿarri

Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri (Arabic, full name; December 973 – May 1057) was a blind Arab philosopher, poet, and writer.

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Al-Maris (region)

Al-Maris (المريس) was a Medieval Arabic name for Lower Nubia, the region of the Nile around the first and second cataracts, including Aswan.

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Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad

Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad (Arabic,المدرسة النظامية), one of the first nezamiyehs, was established in 1065.

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Al-Sakhawi

Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn `Abd al-Rahman al-Sakhawi (شمس الدين محمد بن عبدالرحمن السخاوي, 1428/831 AH - 1497/902 AH) was a reputable Shafi'i Muslim hadith scholar and historian who was born in Cairo.

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Al-Tabari

Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī (محمد بن جریر طبری, أبو جعفر محمد بن جرير بن يزيد الطبري) (224–310 AH; 839–923 AD) was an influential Persian scholar, historian and exegete of the Qur'an from Amol, Tabaristan (modern Mazandaran Province of Iran), who composed all his works in Arabic.

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Al-Zahrawi

Abū al-Qāsim Khalaf ibn al-‘Abbās al-Zahrāwī al-Ansari (أبو القاسم خلف بن العباس الزهراوي;‎ 936–1013), popularly known as Al-Zahrawi (الزهراوي), Latinised as Abulcasis (from Arabic Abū al-Qāsim), was an Arab Muslim physician, surgeon and chemist who lived in Al-Andalus.

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Alaşehir

Alaşehir, in Antiquity and the Middle Ages known as Philadelphia (Φιλαδέλφεια, i.e., "the city of him who loves his brother") is a town and district of Manisa Province in the Aegean region of Turkey.

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Alabama Museum of Health Sciences

The Alabama Museum of the Health Sciences was opened and dedicated at the UAB campus in 1975.

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Alabaster

Alabaster is a mineral or rock that is soft, often used for carving, and is processed for plaster powder.

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Alain de Lille

Alain de Lille (or Alanus ab Insulis) (11281202/03) was a French theologian and poet.

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Alamut Castle

Alamut (الموت, meaning "eagle's nest") was a mountain fortress located in Alamut region in the South Caspian province of Daylam near the Rudbar region in Persia, approximately 100 km (60 mi) from present-day Tehran.

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Alan (given name)

Alan is a masculine given name in the English language.

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Alan Bennett

Alan Bennett (born 9 May 1934) is an English playwright, screenwriter, actor and author.

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Alans

The Alans (or Alani) were an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity.

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Alanya

Alanya, formerly Alaiye, is a beach resort city and a component district of Antalya Province on the southern coast of Turkey, in the country's Mediterranean Region, east of the city of Antalya.

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Alappuzha

Alappuzha, also known as Alleppey, is the administrative headquarters of Alappuzha District of Kerala state of southern India.

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Alappuzha district

Alappuzha is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala in India.

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Alba-la-Romaine

Alba-la-Romaine is a commune in the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southern France.

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Albacete

Albacete (translit) is a city and municipality in the Spanish autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha, and capital of the province of Albacete.

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Albaicín

The Albaicín or Albayzín (ٱلْبَيّازِينْ) as it was known under Muslim rule, is a district of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.

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Alban Towers

Alban Towers is an apartment building on Massachusetts Avenue in Northwest Washington, D.C. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, and is considered to be one of the best examples of Gothic Revival architecture in Washington.

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Albania

Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe.

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Albania (placename)

The toponym Albania may indicate several different geographical regions: a country in the Balkans; an ancient land in the Caucasus; as well as Scotland, Albania being a Latinization of a Gaelic name for Scotland, Alba; and even a city in the U.S. state of New York.

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Albanian art

The Albanian art (—) refers to all artistic expressions and artworks in Albania or produced by Albanians.

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Albanian cuisine

The Albanian cuisine (—) is a representative of the cuisine of the Mediterranean.

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Albanian literature

Albanian literature stretches back to the Middle Ages and comprises those literary texts and works written in the Albanian language.

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Albanians

The Albanians (Shqiptarët) are a European ethnic group that is predominantly native to Albania, Kosovo, western Macedonia, southern Serbia, southeastern Montenegro and northwestern Greece, who share a common ancestry, culture and language.

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Albanians of Romania

The Albanians (Shqiptarë in Albanian, Albanezi in Romanian) are an ethnic minority in Romania.

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Alberic of Trois-Fontaines

Alberic of Trois-Fontaines (Aubri or Aubry de Trois-Fontaines; Albericus Trium Fontium) (died 1252) was a medieval Cistercian chronicler who wrote in Latin.

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Albert Chevallier Tayler

Albert Chevallier Tayler (1862–1925) was an English artist who specialised in portrait and genre painting, but was also involved in the plein air methods of the Newlyn School.

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Albert Jay Nock

Albert Jay Nock (October 13, 1870 – August 19, 1945) was an American libertarian author, editor first of The Freeman and then The Nation, educational theorist, Georgist, and social critic of the early and middle 20th century.

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Albert Mackey

Albert Gallatin Mackey (March 12, 1807 – June 20, 1881) was an American medical doctor and author.

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Albert of Aix

Albert of Aix(-la-Chapelle) or Albert of Aachen (floruit circa AD 1100), historian of the First Crusade, was born during the later part of the 11th century, and afterwards became canon (priest) and custos (guardian) of the church of Aachen.

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Albertus Magnus

Albertus Magnus, O.P. (c. 1200 – November 15, 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a German Catholic Dominican friar and bishop.

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Albi

Albi (Albi) is a commune in southern France.

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Alblasserwaard

The Alblasserwaard is a polder in the province South Holland in the Netherlands.

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Albrecht Altdorfer

Albrecht Altdorfer (c. 1480 – February 12, 1538) was a German painter, engraver and architect of the Renaissance working in Regensburg.

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Albret

The lordship (seigneurie) of Albret (Labrit), situated in the Landes, gave its name to one of the most powerful feudal families of France in the Middle Ages.

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Alburgh

Alburgh (pronounced "Ahbra") is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk.

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Alburquerque, Badajoz

Alburquerque is a town in the province of Badajoz in Spain.

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Alby, Öland

Alby is a village on the Baltic Sea in the Hulterstad district at the western fringe of the Stora Alvaret.

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Alby, Botkyrka

Alby is a suburb in Botkyrka Municipality within Stockholm.

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Alcalá de Henares

Alcalá de Henares, meaning Castle on the Henares (river), in Arabic قلعة النار, is a Spanish city located northeast of the country's capital, Madrid.

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Alcamo

Alcamo (Sicilian: Àrcamu) is the fourth-largest town in the province of Trapani in Sicily, with a population of 45,307 inhabitants.

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Alceo Dossena

Alceo Dossena (1878–1937) was an Italian sculptor.

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Alchemy

Alchemy is a philosophical and protoscientific tradition practiced throughout Europe, Africa, Brazil and Asia.

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Alcman

Alcman (Ἀλκμάν Alkmán; fl.  7th century BC) was an Ancient Greek choral lyric poet from Sparta.

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Alderley Edge

Alderley Edge is a village and civil parish in Cheshire, England.

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Aldrans

Aldrans is a municipality in the Innsbruck-Land District, Tyrol (Austria) at an altitude of, which had an area of and 2,496 inhabitants as January 2015.

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Aldworth

Aldworth is a mostly cultivated village and civil parish in the English county of Berkshire, close to the boundary with Oxfordshire, in a rural area between Reading, Newbury and Streatley.

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Alejandro Planchart

Alejandro Enrique Planchart (born July 29, 1935) is a Venezuelan-American musicologist, conductor, and composer.

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Aleksandrovo, Subotica

Aleksandrovo (Serbian Cyrillic: Александрово) is a neighborhood of Subotica, Serbia.

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Alessandro Pavolini

Alessandro Pavolini (September 27, 1903 – April 28, 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and essayist, notable for his involvement in the Fascist government, during World War II, and also, for his cruelty against the opponents of fascism.

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Alex Woolf

Alex Woolf, (born 1963) is a British medieval historian and academic.

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Alexander romance

The Romance of Alexander is any of several collections of legends concerning the exploits of Alexander the Great.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

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Alexander the Great in the Quran

The story of Dhul-Qarnayn (in Arabic ذو القرنين, literally "The Two-Horned One", also transliterated as Zul-Qarnain or Zulqarnain), mentioned in the Quran, may be a reference to Alexander III of Macedon (356–323 BC), popularly known as Alexander the Great.

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Alexandre Desplat

Alexandre Michel Gérard Desplat (born 23 August 1961) is a French-Greek film composer.

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Alexandria Codex

The Alexandria Codex of Sofia is a 15th-century manuscript collection that includes the illustrated "Alexandria", the Trojan Legend (a story about the Trojan war), the Legend for the Indian Kingdom, and various liturgical articles, proverbs and texts devoted to fortune-telling.

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Alexandria Eschate

Alexandria Eschate or Alexandria Eskhata (Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια Ἐσχάτη), literally "Alexandria the Farthest", was a city founded by Alexander the Great, at the south-western end of the Fergana Valley (modern Tajikistan) in August 329 BCE.

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Alexiad

The Alexiad (translit) is a medieval historical and biographical text written around the year 1148, by the Byzantine historian and princess Anna Komnene, daughter of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.

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ALF Tales

ALF Tales is a 30-minute Saturday morning animated series that aired on NBC from September 10, 1988 to December 9, 1989.

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Alférez (rank)

Alférez is a junior officer rank in the militaries of Spain, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay.

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Alfonso X of Castile

Alfonso X (also occasionally Alphonso, Alphonse, or Alfons, 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284), called the Wise (el Sabio), was the King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284.

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Alfred Duggan

Alfred Duggan (1903–1964) was a British historian, archeologist and best-selling historical novelist during the 1950s.

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Alfred Nicolas Rambaud

Alfred Nicolas Rambaud (2 July 1842 – 10 November 1905) was a French historian.

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Alfred the Great

Alfred the Great (Ælfrēd, Ælfrǣd, "elf counsel" or "wise elf"; 849 – 26 October 899) was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.

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Alfred Zwiebel

Alfred Zwiebel (November 6, 1914 - February 25, 2005) was a German-American landscape, floral, and still-life painter.

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Algeria

Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.

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Algernon Charles Swinburne

Algernon Charles Swinburne (5 April 1837 – 10 April 1909) was an English poet, playwright, novelist, and critic.

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Alice Perrers

Alice Perrers (1348–1400) was a fourteenth-century English royal mistress whose lover and patron was King Edward III of England.

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Alien invasion

The alien invasion or space invasion is a usual part of science fiction stories and film, in which extraterrestrials invade the Earth either to exterminate and supplant human life, enslave it under an intense state, harvest people for food, steal the planet's resources, or destroy the planet altogether.

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Alissos

Alissos (Αλισσός) is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Dymi, Achaea, Greece.

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Alite

Alite is a name for tricalcium silicate, Ca3SiO5, sometimes formulated as 3CaO·SiO2 (C3S in cement chemist notation, CCN).

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Alkborough

Alkborough is a parish of 458 people in 192 households (2011 census) in North Lincolnshire, England, located near the northern end of The Cliff range of hills overlooking Trent Falls, the confluence of the River Trent and the River Ouse.

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Alkelda

Saint Alkelda (Hǣlcelde, "healing spring"; died on March 28, c. 800), also spelt Alcelda or Alchhild, was an Anglo-Saxon princess of whom almost nothing is known and whose existence has been questioned.

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Alkmaar

Alkmaar is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland.

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Alkrington

Alkrington Garden Village is a surburban area of Middleton, in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, Greater Manchester England.

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All Saints' Church, Earls Barton

All Saints' Church, Earls Barton is a noted Anglo-Saxon Church of England parish church in Earls Barton, Northamptonshire.

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All Saints' Church, Northampton

All Saints' Church, Northampton situated in the centre of Northampton, is a Parish Church of the Church of England and Northampton's Civic Church.

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All Saints' Church, Tudeley

All Saints' Church in Tudeley, Kent, England, is the only church in the world that has all its windows in stained glass designed by Marc Chagall.

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All Saints' Church, Wigan

All Saints' Church in Wallgate, Wigan, Greater Manchester, England, is an Anglican parish church.

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Alle, Switzerland

Alle (Alle) is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy of the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

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Allegorical interpretation of the Bible

Allegorical interpretation of the Bible is an interpretive method (exegesis) that assumes that the Bible has various levels of meaning and tends to focus on the spiritual sense, which includes the allegorical sense, the moral (or tropological) sense, and the anagogical sense) as opposed to the literal sense. It is sometimes referred to as the quadriga, a reference to the Roman chariot that was drawn by four horses. Allegorical interpretation has its origins in both Greek thought and the rabbinical schools of Judaism. In the Middle Ages, it was used by Bible commentators of Christianity.

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Allegorical interpretations of Genesis

Allegorical interpretations of Genesis are readings of the biblical Book of Genesis that treat elements of the narrative as symbols or types, rather than viewing them literally as historical events.

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Allegory in the Middle Ages

Allegory in the Middle Ages was a vital element in the synthesis of biblical and classical traditions into what would become recognizable as medieval culture.

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Allen & Grier

Allen & Grier is a folk rock parody duo that in 1963 released the comedy album Better To Be Rich Than Ethnic on Vee Jay Records.

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Alley

An alley or alleyway is a narrow lane, path, or passageway, often reserved for pedestrians, which usually runs between, behind, or within buildings in the older parts of towns and cities.

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Allod

An allod (Old Low Franconian allōd ‘fully owned estate’, from all ‘full, entire’ and ōd ‘estate’, Medieval Latin allodium), also allodial land or allodium, refers, in the law of the Middle Ages and early Modern Period and especially within the Holy Roman Empire, to a freehold estate in land over which the allodial landowner (allodiary) had full ownership and right of alienation.

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Allomerus decemarticulatus

Allomerus decemarticulatus is an Amazonian ant species found in the tropics of South America.

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Almagest

The Almagest is a 2nd-century Greek-language mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy. One of the most influential scientific texts of all time, its geocentric model was accepted for more than 1200 years from its origin in Hellenistic Alexandria, in the medieval Byzantine and Islamic worlds, and in Western Europe through the Middle Ages and early Renaissance until Copernicus.

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Almaty

Almaty (Алматы, Almaty; Алматы), formerly known as Alma-Ata (Алма-Ата) and Verny (Верный Vernyy), is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of 1,797,431 people, about 8% of the country's total population.

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Almodóvar del Campo

Almodóvar del Campo is a town and municipality of Spain, in the province of Ciudad Real, some 14 km S.S.W. of Ciudad Real, on the northern side of the Sierra de Alcúdia.

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Almond milk

Almond milk is a plant milk manufactured from almonds with a creamy texture and nutty flavor, although other types or brands are flavored in imitation of dairy milk.

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Almshouse

An almshouse (also known as a poorhouse) is charitable housing provided to people in a particular community.

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Alonnisos

Alonnisos (Αλόννησος), also transliterated as Alonissos or Alonisos, is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea.

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Alpe d'Huez

LAlpe d'Huez is a ski resort at.

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Alphabet of Sirach

The Alphabet of ben Sirach (Alphabetum Siracidis, Othijoth ben Sira) is an anonymous medieval text inspired by the Wisdom of Sirach.

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Alphabetum Kaldeorum

The Alphabetum Kaldeorum is one of the best known ciphers of the Middle Ages.

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Alraune

Alraune (German for Mandrake) is a novel by German novelist Hanns Heinz Ewers published in 1911.

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Alrekstad

Alrekstad (Norwegian:Kongsgården på Alrekstad, Old Norse: Álreksstaðir) was one of the largest Kongsgård estates on the west coast of Norway during the early Middle Ages.

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Als (island)

Als (Alsen) is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea.

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Alsdorf

Alsdorf is a municipality in the district of Aachen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Alsfeld

Alsfeld is a town in the center of Hesse, in Germany.

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Alstahaug

Alstahaug is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway.

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Altai Mountains

The Altai Mountains (also spelled Altay Mountains; Altai: Алтай туулар, Altay tuular; Mongolian:, Altai-yin niruɣu (Chakhar) / Алтайн нуруу, Altain nuruu (Khalkha); Kazakh: Алтай таулары, Altai’ tay’lary, التاي تاۋلارى Алтайские горы, Altajskije gory; Chinese; 阿尔泰山脉, Ā'ěrtài Shānmài, Xiao'erjing: اَعَرتَىْ شًامَىْ; Dungan: Артэ Шанмэ) are a mountain range in Central and East Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan come together, and are where the rivers Irtysh and Ob have their headwaters.

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Altare della Patria

The Altare della Patria ("Altar of the Fatherland"), also known as the Monumento Nazionale a Vittorio Emanuele II ("National Monument to Victor Emmanuel II") or Il Vittoriano, is a monument built in honor of Victor Emmanuel, the first king of a unified Italy, located in Rome, Italy.

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Altarpiece

An altarpiece is an artwork such as a painting, sculpture or relief representing a religious subject made for placing behind the altar of a Christian church.

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Altavilla Silentina

Altavilla Silentina (Cilentan: Autavìdda) is a town and comune located in the province of Salerno, Campania, some 100 km south of Naples, Italy.

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Altenburg Abbey

Altenburg Abbey (Stift Altenburg) is a Benedictine monastery in Altenburg, Lower Austria.

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Altenglan

Altenglan is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Alternative energy

Alternative energy is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel.

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Althaea officinalis

Althaea officinalis (marsh-mallow, marsh mallow (خطمی، ختمی, ختمية الطبية، خبيز), or common marshmallow) is a perennial species indigenous to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, which is used as a medicinal plant and ornamental plant.

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Altlußheim

Altlußheim is a municipality in Baden-Württemberg and belongs to Rhein-Neckar-Kreis.

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Altnau

Altnau is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

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Alto Malcantone

Alto Malcantone is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

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Alto Trás-os-Montes

Alto Trás-os-Montes, or Nordeste Transmontano, is a large NUTS-level 3 subregion of the Norte Region of Portugal.

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Alum

An alum is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium with the general formula, where X is a monovalent cation such as potassium or ammonium.

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Alvin (given name)

Alvin is an English, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovene, and Sorbian male given name.

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Alyosha Popovich

Alyosha Popovich (Алё́ша Попо́вич, literally Alexey, son of the priest), is a folk hero of Kievan Rus, a bogatyr (i.e., a medieval knight-errant).

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Alyscamps

The Alyscamps is a large Roman necropolis, which is a short distance outside the walls of the old town of Arles, France.

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Alyth

Alyth (Gaelic: Ailt) is a town in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, situated under the Hill of Alyth five miles northeast of Blairgowrie.

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Alzenau

Alzenau (until 31 December 2006 officially Alzenau i.UFr.) is a town in the north of the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany.

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Alzey

Alzey is a Verband-free town – one belonging to no Verbandsgemeinde – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Amalarius

Amalarius (c.775–c.850) was a Frankish prelate and courtier, temporary bishop of Trier (812–13) and Lyon (865–68) and an accomplished liturgist.

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Amaravati Buddhist Monastery

Amaravati is a Theravada Buddhist monastery at the eastern end of the Chiltern Hills in South East England.

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Amarok (band)

Amarok, named after the Eskimo word for 'wolf', are a Spanish progressive rock band, with mediterranean and Middle Ages musical influences.

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Amator

Saint Amator Amadour or Amatre was bishop of Auxerre from 388 until his death on 1 May 418.

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Amaxades

Amaxades (Αμαξάδες, Bulgarian: Арабаджи, Arabacıköy) is a village and a former community in the Rhodope regional unit, East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece.

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Ambassador of the Shadows

Ambassador of the Shadows is volume six in the French comic (or bande dessinée) science fiction series Valérian and Laureline created by writer Pierre Christin and artist Jean-Claude Mézières.

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Ambérieu-en-Bugey

Ambérieu-en-Bugey (pronounced) is a French commune in the department of Ain in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France.

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Amber

Amber is fossilized tree resin, which has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times.

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Ambergris

Ambergris (or, ambra grisea, ambre gris), ambergrease, or grey amber, is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish colour produced in the digestive system of sperm whales.

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Amble

Amble is a town, civil parish and seaport on the North Sea coast of Northumberland, England.

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Amblie

Amblie is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of northwestern France.

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Ambling gait

An ambling gait or amble is any of several four-beat intermediate horse gaits, all of which are faster than a walk but usually slower than a canter and always slower than a gallop.

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Ambrussum

Ambrussum is a Roman archaeological site in Villetelle, Hérault département, in southern France.

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Ambundu

The Northern Mbundu or Ambundu (distinct from the Southern Mbundu or Ovimbundu) are a Bantu people living in Angola's North-West, North of the river Kwanza.

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Amercement

An amercement is a financial penalty in English law, common during the Middle Ages, imposed either by the court or by peers.

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American Academy in Rome

The American Academy in Rome is a research and arts institution located on the Gianicolo (Janiculum Hill) in Rome.

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American craft

American craft is craft work produced by independent studio artists, working with traditional craft materials and/or processes such as wood, woodworking or furniture making, glass or glassblowing, clay or ceramics, textiles, metal or metalworking.

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American Empire: The Victorious Opposition

American Empire: The Victorious Opposition is the third and final book in the American Empire alternate history series by Harry Turtledove, and the seventh in the Southern Victory series of books.

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American Heroes Channel

American Heroes Channel (AHC; formerly Military Channel and originally Discovery Wings Channel) is an American digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by Discovery Inc. The network carries programs related to the military, warfare, and military history and science.

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Amersfoort

Amersfoort is a city and municipality in the province of Utrecht, Netherlands.

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Amersham Museum

Amersham Museum is a small local museum based in Amersham, Buckinghamshire, England.

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Amfissa

Amfissa (Άμφισσα, also mentioned in classical sources as Amphissa) is a town in Phocis, Greece, part of the municipality of Delphi, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.

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Amiens

Amiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille.

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Amlwch

Amlwch is the most northerly town in Wales and is a community.

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Ammonia

Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.

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Amnon of Mainz

Amnon of Mainz or Amnon of Mayence is the subject of a medieval legend that became very popular.

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Amphisbaena

The amphisbaena (plural: amphisbaenae) (αμφισβαίνια) is a mythological, ant-eating serpent with a head at each end.

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Amphora

An amphora (Greek: ἀμφορεύς, amphoréus; English plural: amphorae or amphoras) is a type of container of a characteristic shape and size, descending from at least as early as the Neolithic Period.

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Amriswil

Amriswil is a town and a municipality in Arbon District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland near the Lake Constance.

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Amrum

Amrum (''Öömrang'' North Frisian: Oomram) is one of the North Frisian Islands on the German North Sea coast, south of Sylt and west of Föhr.

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Amsoldingen

Amsoldingen is a municipality in the Thun administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.

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Amsterdam Centraal station

Amsterdam Centraal (abbreviation: Asd) is the largest railway station of Amsterdam, Netherlands, and a major national railway hub.

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Amsterdam Museum

The Amsterdam Museum, until 2011 called the Amsterdams Historisch Museum, is a museum about the history of Amsterdam.

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Amstetten (Württemberg)

Amstetten is a municipality in Alb-Donau-Kreis, 20 kilometers north-west of Ulm in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Amtgard

Amtgard is a battle gaming and live-action fantasy roleplaying and boffer combat game with chapters primarily based in the United States and Canada as well as Germany, Croatia, and South Korea.

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Amtmann

The Amtmann or Ammann (in Switzerland) was an official in German-speaking countries of Europe and in some of the Nordic countries from the time of the Middle Ages whose office was akin to that of a bailiff.

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Amusement park

An amusement park is a park that features various attractions, such as rides and games, as well as other events for entertainment purposes.

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An Introduction to Old Norse

An Introduction to Old Norse is a textbook written by E. V. Gordon, arising from his teaching at the University of Leeds and first published in 1927 in Oxford at The Clarendon Press.

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Anachitis

In divination, an anachitis, or anancitis, meaning "stone of necessity" is a stone used to call up spirits from water.

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Anachronism

An anachronism (from the Greek ἀνά ana, "against" and χρόνος khronos, "time") is a chronological inconsistency in some arrangement, especially a juxtaposition of persons, events, objects, or customs from different periods of time.

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Anafi

Anafi (Ανάφη) is a Greek island community in the Cyclades.

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Anagram

An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once.

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Anal sex

Anal sex or anal intercourse is generally the insertion and thrusting of the erect penis into a person's anus, or anus and rectum, for sexual pleasure.

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Analogy

Analogy (from Greek ἀναλογία, analogia, "proportion", from ana- "upon, according to" + logos "ratio") is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analog, or source) to another (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process.

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Anarchism in the United Kingdom

Anarchism in the UK initially developed within the context of radical Whiggery and Protestant religious dissent.

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Anarchist economics

Anarchist economics is the set of theories and practices of economic activity within the political philosophy of anarchism.

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Anastenaria

The Anastenaria (Bulgarian Нестинарство, Greek Αναστενάρια) is a traditional fire-walking ritual performed in some villages in Northern Greece and Southern Bulgaria.

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Anatoly Fomenko

Anatoly Timofeevich Fomenko (Анато́лий Тимофе́евич Фоме́нко) (born 13 March 1945 in Stalino, USSR) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician, professor at Moscow State University, well known as a topologist, and a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Anchorite

An anchorite or anchoret (female: anchoress; adj. anchoritic; from ἀναχωρητής, anachōrētḗs, "one who has retired from the world", from the verb ἀναχωρέω, anachōréō, signifying "to withdraw", "to retire") is someone who, for religious reasons, withdraws from secular society so as to be able to lead an intensely prayer-oriented, ascetic, or Eucharist-focused life.

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Ancient astronauts

"Ancient astronauts" (or "ancient aliens") refers to the pseudoscientific idea that intelligent extraterrestrial beings visited Earth and made contact with humans in antiquity and prehistoric times.

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Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River - geographically Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the countries of Egypt and Sudan.

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Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination

The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina. Egypt has had a legendary image in the Western world through the Greek and Hebrew traditions.

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Ancient Empires (mobile game)

Ancient Empires is a fantasy turn-based tactics game series developed by Macrospace for cell phones.

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Ancient Greek literature

Ancient Greek literature refers to literature written in the Ancient Greek language from the earliest texts until the time of the Byzantine Empire.

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Ancient Greek medicine

Ancient Greek medicine was a compilation of theories and practices that were constantly expanding through new ideologies and trials.

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Ancient Greek philosophy

Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC and continued throughout the Hellenistic period and the period in which Ancient Greece was part of the Roman Empire.

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Ancient Hawaii

Ancient Hawaii is the period of Hawaiian human history preceding the unification in 1810 of the Kingdom of Hawaiokinai by Kamehameha the Great.

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Ancient history of Transylvania

In ancient times, Romans exploited the gold mines in what is now Transylvania extensively, building access roads and forts to protect them, like Abrud.

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Ancient Macedonians

The Macedonians (Μακεδόνες, Makedónes) were an ancient tribe that lived on the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmon and lower Axios in the northeastern part of mainland Greece.

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Ancient Roman units of measurement

The ancient Roman units of measurement were largely built on the Hellenic system, which in turn was built upon Egyptian and Mesopotamian influences.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Ancient technology

During the growth of the ancient civilizations, ancient technology was the result from advances in engineering in ancient times.

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Andalusia

Andalusia (Andalucía) is an autonomous community in southern Spain.

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Andalusian cuisine

Andalusian cuisine is the cuisine of Andalusia, Spain.

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Andau

Andau (Mosontarcsa, Moson-Tarcsa), (Turcze) is a village in Burgenland, Austria, near the border of Hungary.

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Andebu

Andebu is a village in Sandefjord municipality, Vestfold County, and a former municipality.

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Anderitum

Anderitum (also Anderida or Anderidos) was a Saxon Shore fort in the Roman province of Britannia.

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Andernach

Andernach is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, of currently about 30,000 inhabitants.

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Andora

Andora, or Marina di Andora as it is often called, is a town on the Italian Riviera in the region of Liguria, included in the province of Savona.

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Andravida

Andravida (Ανδραβίδα) is a town and a former municipality in Elis, in the northwest of the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece.

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André Kertész

André Kertész (2 July 1894 – 28 September 1985), born Kertész Andor, was a Hungarian-born photographer known for his groundbreaking contributions to photographic composition and the photo essay.

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Andrei Belyanin

Andrei Olegovich Belyanin (born 24 January 1967, Astrakhan) is a Russian science fiction and fantasy writer, who wrote at least 15 novels with many of then selling over 2 million copies.

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Andrei Rublev (film)

Andrei Rublev (Russian: Андрей Рублёв) is a 1966 Soviet biographical historical drama film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky and co-written with Andrei Konchalovsky.

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Andrija Buvina

Andrea Buvina (also known as Andrija Buvina, or Andrea Guvina, Gavina or Gruvina) was a 13th-century medieval Croatian sculptor and painter.

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Andrijevica

Andrijevica (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Андријевица) is a town and the seat of Andrijevica Municipality in eastern Montenegro.

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Andriyivskyy Descent

Andriyivskyy Descent (Андріївський узвіз, Andriyivs’kyi uzviz, literally: Andrew's Descent) is a historic descent connecting Kiev's Upper Town neighborhood and the historically commercial Podil neighborhood.

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Androcles

Androcles (Ἀνδροκλῆς) or Androclus is the name given by some sources to the main character of a common folktale that is included in the Aarne–Thompson classification system as type 156.

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Angelburg

Angelburg is a community in western Marburg-Biedenkopf in northwest Middle Hesse in Germany.

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Anger

Anger or wrath is an intense negative emotion.

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Angeren

Angeren is a village in the municipality of Lingewaard, Gelderland province, Netherlands.

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Angers

Angers is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris.

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Angers Cathedral

The Saint Maurice Cathedral of Angers (Cathédrale Saint-Maurice d'Angers) is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Angers in Angers, France.

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Angharad

Angharad is a feminine given name in the Welsh language, having a long association with Welsh royalty, history and myth.

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Angie Bray

Angela Lavinia Bray (born 13 October 1953) is a British Conservative Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ealing Central and Acton from 2010 to 2015.

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Angilbert

Saint Angilbert (– 18 February 814), sometimes known as Angilberk or Engelbert, was a noble Frankish poet who was educated under Alcuin and served Charlemagne as a secretary, diplomat, and son-in-law.

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Anglefort

Anglefort is a commune in the department of Ain in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France.

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Anglian Tower

The Anglian Tower is the lower portion of an Early Medieval tower on the city walls of York in the English county of North Yorkshire.

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Anglican doctrine

Anglican doctrine (also called Episcopal doctrine in some countries) is the body of Christian teachings used to guide the religious and moral practices of Anglicans.

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Anglican sacraments

In keeping with its prevailing self-identity as a via media or "middle path" of Western Christianity, Anglican sacramental theology expresses elements in keeping with its status as a church in the Catholic tradition and a church of the Reformation.

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Anglo-Saxon law

Anglo-Saxon law (Old English ǣ, later lagu "law"; dōm "decree, judgment") is a body of written rules and customs that were in place during the Anglo-Saxon period in England, before the Norman conquest.

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Anglo-Saxons

The Anglo-Saxons were a people who inhabited Great Britain from the 5th century.

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Anhaux

Anhaux is a French commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France in the former province of Lower Navarre.

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Ani

Ani (Անի; Ἄνιον, Ánion; Abnicum; ანი, Ani, or ანისი, Anisi; Ani) is a ruined medieval Armenian city now situated in Turkey's province of Kars, next to the closed border with Armenia.

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Aniconism in Islam

Aniconism is a proscription in Islam against the creation of images of sentient beings.

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Aniconism in Judaism

Aniconism in Judaism covers a number of areas.

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Anima Christi

The "Anima Christi" is a Catholic prayer to Jesus; it is of medieval origin.

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Animals in sport

Animals in sport are a specific form of working animals.

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Anita Blake mythology

In the Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter series of novels, author Laurell K. Hamilton has developed a detailed mythology.

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Anjou

Anjou (Andegavia) is a historical province of France straddling the lower Loire River.

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Anna Bijns

Anna Bijns (1493 in Antwerp – 1575 in Antwerp) was a writer, schoolteacher and nun who taught until she was 80 years old.

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Anna Thomas

Anna Thomas (born July 12, 1948) is a film screenwriter, film producer and writer.

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Annals of Boyle

The Annals of Boyle, also Cottonian Annals, are a chronicle of medieval Ireland.

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Annals of Inisfallen

The Annals of Inisfallen are a chronicle of the medieval history of Ireland.

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Annals of the Four Masters

The Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland (Annála Ríoghachta Éireann) or the Annals of the Four Masters (Annála na gCeithre Máistrí) are chronicles of medieval Irish history.

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Anne Azéma

Anne Azéma is a French-born soprano, scholar, and stage director.

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Anne Dudley

Anne Dudley (born 7 May 1956) is an English composer, keyboardist, conductor and pop musician.

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Anne of Bohemia

Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 – 7 June 1394) was Queen of England as the first wife of King Richard II.

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Annecy-le-Vieux

Annecy-le-Vieux is a former commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

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Anno Domini

The terms anno Domini (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

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Annunciation

The Annunciation (from Latin annuntiatio), also referred to as the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Annunciation of Our Lady, or the Annunciation of the Lord, is the Christian celebration of the announcement by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she would conceive and become the mother of Jesus, the Son of God, marking his Incarnation.

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Anointing of the sick

Anointing of the sick, known also by other names, is a form of religious anointing or "unction" (an older term with the same meaning) for the benefit of a sick person.

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Anselm of Laon

Anselm of Laon (Anselmus; 1117), properly Ansel (Ansellus), was a French theologian and founder of a school of scholars who helped to pioneer biblical hermeneutics.

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Anselm of Lucca

Saint Anselm of Lucca (Anselmus; Anselmo; 1036 – March 18, 1086), born Anselm of Baggio (Anselmo da Baggio), was a medieval bishop of Lucca in Italy and a prominent figure in the Investiture Controversy amid the fighting in central Italy between Matilda, countess of Tuscany, and Emperor Henry IV.

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Anthony Salvin

Anthony Salvin (17 October 1799 – 17 December 1881) was an English architect.

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Anthony the Great

Saint Anthony or Antony (Ἀντώνιος Antṓnios; Antonius); January 12, 251 – January 17, 356) was a Christian monk from Egypt, revered since his death as a saint. He is distinguished from other saints named Anthony such as, by various epithets of his own:,, and For his importance among the Desert Fathers and to all later Christian monasticism, he is also known as the. His feast day is celebrated on January 17 among the Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches and on Tobi 22 in the Egyptian calendar used by the Coptic Church. The biography of Anthony's life by Athanasius of Alexandria helped to spread the concept of Christian monasticism, particularly in Western Europe via its Latin translations. He is often erroneously considered the first Christian monk, but as his biography and other sources make clear, there were many ascetics before him. Anthony was, however, the first to go into the wilderness (about 270), which seems to have contributed to his renown. Accounts of Anthony enduring supernatural temptation during his sojourn in the Eastern Desert of Egypt inspired the often-repeated subject of the temptation of St. Anthony in Western art and literature. Anthony is appealed to against infectious diseases, particularly skin diseases. In the past, many such afflictions, including ergotism, erysipelas, and shingles, were referred to as St. Anthony's fire.

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Anti-capitalism

Anti-capitalism encompasses a wide variety of movements, ideas and attitudes that oppose capitalism.

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Anti-Romanian sentiment

Anti-Romanian sentiment or Romanophobia (antiromânism, românofobie) is hostility toward or prejudice against Romanians as an ethnic, linguistic, religious, or perceived racial group, and can range from individual hatred to institutionalized, violent persecution.

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Anti-Russian sentiment

Anti-Russian sentiment or Russophobia is a diverse spectrum of negative feelings, dislikes, fears, aversion, derision and/or prejudice of Russia, Russians or Russian culture.

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Antichthon

Antichthon is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the Australasian Society for Classical Studies.

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Antichthones

Antichthones, in geography, are those peoples who inhabit the antipodes, regions on opposite sides of the Earth.

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Antikythera mechanism

The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient Greek analogue computer and orrery used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendar and astrological purposes decades in advance.

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Antilles

The Antilles (Antilles in French; Antillas in Spanish; Antillen in Dutch and Antilhas in Portuguese) is an archipelago bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the south and west, the Gulf of Mexico to the northwest, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north and east.

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Antioch

Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia je epi Oróntou; also Syrian Antioch)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ, "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη, "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiok; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; Hebrew: אנטיוכיה, Antiyokhya; Arabic: انطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya.

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Antiochia ad Cragum

Antiochia ad Cragum (Αντιόχεια του Κράγου) also known as Antiochetta or Latin: Antiochia Parva (meaning "Little Antiochia") is an ancient Hellenistic city on Mount Cragus overlooking the Mediterranean coast, in the region of Cilicia, in Anatolia.

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Antipope Benedict XIII

Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor (25 November 1328 – 23 May 1423), known as el Papa Luna in Spanish and Pope Luna in English, was an Aragonese nobleman, who as Benedict XIII, is considered an antipope (see Western Schism) by the Catholic Church.

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Antiqua–Fraktur dispute

The Antiqua–Fraktur dispute was a typographical dispute in 19th- and early 20th-century Germany.

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Antiquarian

An antiquarian or antiquary (from the Latin: antiquarius, meaning pertaining to ancient times) is an aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past.

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Antisemitic canard

Antisemitic canards are unfounded rumors or false allegations which are defamatory towards Judaism as a religion, or defamatory towards Jews as an ethnic or religious group.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.

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Anton Anderledy

Very Rev.

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Antoni Lange

Antoni Lange (1863 – 17 March 1929) was a Polish poet, philosopher, polyglot (15 languages), writer, novelist, science-writer, reporter and translator.

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Antonio Salviati

Antonio Salviati (18 March 1816 – 25 January 1890) was an Italian glass manufacturer and founder of the Salviati family firm.

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Antrifttal

Antrifttal is a community in the Vogelsbergkreis in Hesse, Germany.

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Antwerp (province)

Antwerp (Antwerpen) is the northernmost province both of the Flemish Region, also called Flanders, and of Belgium.

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Anubis

Anubis (Ἄνουβις, Egyptian: jnpw, Coptic: Anoup) is the Greek name of a god associated with mummification and the afterlife in ancient Egyptian religion, usually depicted as a canine or a man with a canine head.

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Aphrodite

Aphrodite is the ancient Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation.

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Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius

Written in Syriac in the late seventh century, the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius shaped and influenced Christian eschatological thinking in the Middle Ages.

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Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction

Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction is a subgenre of science fiction, science fantasy or horror in which the Earth's technological civilization is collapsing or has collapsed.

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Apocalyptic literature

Apocalyptic literature is a genre of prophetical writing that developed in post-Exilic Jewish culture and was popular among millennialist early Christians.

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Apocrisiarius

An apocrisiarius, the Latinized form of apokrisiarios (ἀποκρισιάριος), sometimes Anglicized as apocrisiary, was a high diplomatic representative during Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages.

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Apocrypha

Apocrypha are works, usually written, of unknown authorship or of doubtful origin.

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Apollonius the Apologist

Saint Apollonius the Apologist or Saint Apollonius of Rome (died 21 April 185) was a 2nd-century Christian martyr and apologist (not to be confused with Apollinaris Claudius, another contemporary apologist) who was martyred in 185 under the Emperor Commodus (161-192).

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Apostolic Constitutions

The Apostolic Constitutions or Constitutions of the Holy Apostles (Latin: Constitutiones Apostolorum) is a Christian collection of eight treatises which belongs to the Church Orders, a genre of early Christian literature, that offered authoritative "apostolic" prescriptions on moral conduct, liturgy and Church organization.

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Apostrophe

The apostrophe ( ' or) character is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritical mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets.

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Apothecary

Apothecary is one term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses materia medica to physicians, surgeons, and patients.

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Appingedam

Appingedam (Gronings: n Daam) is a municipality and a city in the northeastern Netherlands.

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Apple butter

Apple butter is a highly concentrated form of apple sauce produced by long, slow cooking of apples with cider or water to a point where the sugar in the apples caramelizes, turning the apple butter a deep brown.

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Apple pie

An apple pie is a pie or a tart, in which the principal filling ingredient is apple.

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Appledore, Kent

Appledore is a village and civil parish in the Ashford District of Kent, England.

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Apprentice Adept

Apprentice Adept is a heptalogy of fantasy and science fiction novels written by English American author Piers Anthony.

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Apprenticeship

An apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading).

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Approaches to evangelism

Throughout history, Christians have used many different approaches to spread Christianity via the practice of evangelism.

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Aqua Anio Novus

Aqua Anio Novus (Latin for "New Anio aqueduct") was an ancient aqueduct of Rome.

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Aqua vitae

Aqua vitae (Latin for "water of life") or aqua vita is an archaic name for a concentrated aqueous solution of ethanol.

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Aquaculture

Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other organisms.

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Aquilegia formosa

Aquilegia formosa, the crimson columbine, western columbine, or (ambiguously) "red columbine", is a common and attractive wildflower native to western North America, from Alaska to Baja California, and eastward to Montana and Wyoming.

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Aquilonia (Conan)

Aquilonia is a fictional country created by Robert E. Howard for the fictional character Conan the Barbarian, who eventually becomes its king.

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Aquitaine

Aquitaine (Aquitània; Akitania; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Aguiéne), archaic Guyenne/Guienne (Occitan: Guiana) was a traditional region of France, and was an administrative region of France until 1 January 2016.

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Aquitani

The Aquitanians (Latin: Aquitani) were a people living in what is now southern Aquitaine and southwestern Midi-Pyrénées, France, called Gallia Aquitania by the Romans in the region between the Pyrenees, the Atlantic ocean, and the Garonne, present-day southwestern France.

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Aquitanian language

The Aquitanian language was spoken on both sides of the western Pyrenees in ancient Aquitaine (approximately between the Pyrenees and the Garonne, in the region later known as Gascony) and in the areas south of the Pyrenees in the valleys of the Basque Country before the Roman conquest.

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Arab slave trade

The Arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the Arab world, mainly in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Southeast Africa and Europe.

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Arab world

The Arab world (العالم العربي; formally: Arab homeland, الوطن العربي), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية) or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of the Arab League.

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Arab–Byzantine wars

The Arab–Byzantine wars were a series of wars between the mostly Arab Muslims and the East Roman or Byzantine Empire between the 7th and 11th centuries AD, started during the initial Muslim conquests under the expansionist Rashidun and Umayyad caliphs in the 7th century and continued by their successors until the mid-11th century.

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Arabella Huntington

Arabella Duval Yarrington "Belle" Huntington (c.1851–1924) was the second wife of American railway tycoon and industrialist Collis P. Huntington, and then the second wife of Henry E. Huntington.

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Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

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Arabic numerals

Arabic numerals, also called Hindu–Arabic numerals, are the ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, based on the Hindu–Arabic numeral system, the most common system for the symbolic representation of numbers in the world today.

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Arabic parts

In astrology, the Arabian/Arabic parts or lots are constructed points based on mathematical calculations of three horoscopic entities such as planets or angles.

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Arabs

Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.

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Aragon

Aragon (or, Spanish and Aragón, Aragó or) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.

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Arak, Iran

Arak (اراک, Arāk), also known as Soltan Abad (سلطان آباد, Soltān Ābād), is the capital of Markazi Province, Iran.

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Arator

Arator was a sixth-century Christian poet from Liguria in northwestern Italy.

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Arbëreshë people

The Arbëreshë (Arbëreshët e Italisë or Shqiptrarët e Italisë), also known as Albanians of Italy or Italo-Albanians, are an Albanian ethnic and linguistic group in Southern Italy, mostly concentrated in scattered villages in the region of Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Molise and Sicily.

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Arbedo-Castione

Arbedo-Castione is a municipality in the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

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Arbigny

Arbigny is a commune in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France.

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Arcana (Swedish band)

Arcana is Swedish neoclassical dark wave band formed in 1994 and was originally signed to the Cold Meat Industry label.

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Arcanis

Arcanis was originally a campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons game, created by Henry Lopez and supported by Paradigm Concepts.

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Arch bridge

An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch.

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Arch of Janus

The Arch of Janus is the only quadrifrons triumphal arch preserved in Rome.

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Arch of Titus

The Arch of Titus (Arco di Tito; Arcus Titi) is a 1st-century AD honorific arch, located on the Via Sacra, Rome, just to the south-east of the Roman Forum.

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Archchancellor

An archchancellor (archicancellarius, Erzkanzler) or chief chancellor was a title given to the highest dignitary of the Holy Roman Empire, and also used occasionally during the Middle Ages to denote an official who supervised the work of chancellors or notaries.

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Archdeacon Newton

Archdeacon Newton is a hamlet and rural parish of several farms in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of County Durham, in England.

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Archduchy of Austria

The Archduchy of Austria (Erzherzogtum Österreich) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire and the nucleus of the Habsburg Monarchy.

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Archery

Archery is the art, sport, practice or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows.

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Archie Duncan (historian)

Archibald Alexander McBeth Duncan, FBA, FRHistS, FRSE (17 October 1926 – 20 December 2017) was a Scottish historian.

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Archimedes

Archimedes of Syracuse (Ἀρχιμήδης) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer.

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Archipelago National Park

Archipelago National Park (Skärgårdshavets nationalpark, Saaristomeren kansallispuisto) is a national park in Southwest Finland.

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Architect Kasemi

Architect Kasëmi (1570–1659), born in Gramsh, Albania, was an Albanian master of Ottoman classical architecture.

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Architecture of Africa

The architecture of Africa, like other aspects of the culture of Africa, is exceptionally diverse.

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Architecture of Aylesbury

The architecture of Aylesbury, the county town of Buckinghamshire, reflects the ordinary architecture which can be found in many small towns in England where the buildings of the town were designed by local architects.

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Architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina is largely influenced by four major periods where political and social changes determined the creation of distinct cultural and architectural habits of the region.

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Architecture of England

The architecture of England is the architecture of modern England and in the historic Kingdom of England.

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Architecture of Germany

The architecture of Germany has a long, rich and diverse history.

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Architecture of Limerick

As with other cities in Ireland, Limerick has a history of great architecture.

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Architecture of London

London is the second largest urban area – and largest city (see List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits) – in the European Union area; as the ancient city of Londinium founded in the first century CE and nearly continuously inhabited, it is not characterised by any single predominant architectural style but areas of the city exhibit very strong and influential urban qualities which have deeply influenced urban planning globally.

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Architecture of Norway

The architecture of Norway has evolved in response to changing economic conditions, technological advances, demographic fluctuations and cultural shifts.

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Architecture of Sweden

This article covers the architecture of Sweden from a historical perspective.

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Archpoet

The Archpoet (1130 – c. 1165), or Archipoeta (in Latin and German),Jeep 2001: 21.

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Archpriest

An archpriest is an ecclesiastical title for certain priests with supervisory duties over a number of parishes.

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Arcore

Arcore is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Monza and Brianza in the Italian region Lombardy, located about northeast of Milan.

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Arctium

Arctium is a genus of biennial plants commonly known as burdock, family Asteraceae.

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Arctium lappa

Arctium lappa, commonly called greater burdock,, edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the sunflower family, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable.

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Arcturus

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Ardglass

Ardglass is a coastal fishing village, townland (of 321 acres) and civil parish in County Down, Northern Ireland, in the historic barony of Lecale Lower.

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Ardtole Church

Ardtole Church (Ulster Scots: Ardtole Kirk) is a 15th-century ruined church standing on a hilltop overlooking the Irish Sea and the Isle of Man, 0.75 miles (1.2 km) north-east of the town of Ardglass in County Down, Northern Ireland, at grid ref: J564382.

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Ardudwy

Ardudwy is an area of Gwynedd in north-west Wales, lying between Tremadog Bay and the Rhinogydd.

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Arenberg

Arenberg, also spelled as Aremberg or Ahremberg, is a former county, principality and finally duchy that was located in what is now Germany.

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Arethas of Caesarea

Arethas of Caesarea (Ἀρέθας; born c. 860 AD) was Archbishop of Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia (modern Kayseri, Turkey) early in the 10th century, and is considered one of the most scholarly theologians of the Greek Orthodox Church.

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Arezzo

Arezzo is a city and comune in Italy, capital of the province of the same name located in Tuscany.

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Argalasti

Argalasti (Αργαλαστή) is a village and a former municipality in Magnesia, Thessaly, Greece.

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Argenbühl

Argenbühl is a municipality in the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Argentan

Argentan is a commune and the seat of two cantons and of an arrondissement in the Orne department in northwestern France.

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Argentine literature

Argentine literature, i.e. the set of literary works produced by writers who originated from Argentina, is one of the most prolific, relevant and influential in the whole Spanish speaking world, with renowned writers such as Jorge Luis Borges, Julio Cortázar, Leopoldo Lugones and Ernesto Sabato.

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Argis

Argis is a French commune in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France.

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Argoncilhe

Argoncilhe is a Portuguese civil parish, located in the municipality (concelho) of Santa Maria da Feira.

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Argument from silence

To make an argument from silence (Latin: argumentum ex silentio) is to express a conclusion that is based on the absence of statements in historical documents, rather than their presence.

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Argumentum ad baculum

Argumentum ad baculum (Latin for "argument to the cudgel" or "appeal to the stick") is the fallacy committed when one appeals to force or the threat of force to bring about the acceptance of a conclusion.

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Argus (album)

Argus is the third album by the rock band Wishbone Ash.

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Arianism

Arianism is a nontrinitarian Christological doctrine which asserts the belief that Jesus Christ is the Son of God who was begotten by God the Father at a point in time, a creature distinct from the Father and is therefore subordinate to him, but the Son is also God (i.e. God the Son).

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Ariano Irpino

Ariano Irpino (formerly Ariano di Puglia or simply Ariano) is an Italian town and municipality in the province of Avellino, in the Campania region.

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Arigna

Arigna (formerly Arigneach) is a village in County Roscommon, Ireland.

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Arish

Arish or el Arīsh (العريش, Hrinokorura) is the capital and largest city (with 164,830 inhabitants) of the Egyptian governorate of North Sinai, as well as the largest city on the entire Sinai Peninsula, lying on the Mediterranean coast of the Sinai peninsula, northeast of Cairo.

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Aristarchus of Samos

Aristarchus of Samos (Ἀρίσταρχος ὁ Σάμιος, Aristarkhos ho Samios; c. 310 – c. 230 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who presented the first known model that placed the Sun at the center of the known universe with the Earth revolving around it (see Solar system).

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Aristocracy of Norway

Aristocracy of Norway refers to modern and medieval aristocracy in Norway.

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Aristocrat (fashion)

Aristocrat is a Japanese street fashion that is inspired by what is thought to have been worn by middle class and higher social status Europeans in the Middle Ages, as well as the upper class in the 19th century.

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Aristotelian theology

Aristotelian theology and the scholastic view of God have been influential in Western intellectual history.

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Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.

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Arithmetic

Arithmetic (from the Greek ἀριθμός arithmos, "number") is a branch of mathematics that consists of the study of numbers, especially the properties of the traditional operations on them—addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

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Arkel

Arkel is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland.

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Arkina district

Arkina district was the part of the medieval Armenian city of Ani where, in 990, Trdat the Architect completed the building of the Mother Cathedral of Ani.

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Arlingham

Arlingham is a village and civil parish in the Stroud District of Gloucestershire, England.

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Arllechwedd

The ancient Welsh cantref of Arllechwedd in north-west Wales was part of the kingdom of Gwynedd for much of its history until it was included in the new county of Caernarfonshire, together with Arfon and Llŷn under the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284.

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Arlon

Arlon (Arel,; Aarlen,; Arel; Årlon) is a Walloon municipality of Belgium located in and capital of the province of Luxembourg.

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Armenian diaspora

The Armenian diaspora refers to the communities of Armenians outside Armenia and other locations where Armenians are considered an indigenous population.

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Armenian Highlands

The Armenian Highlands (Haykakan leṙnašxarh; also known as the Armenian Upland, Armenian plateau, Armenian tableland,Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.) New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, pp. 1-17 or simply Armenia) is the central-most and highest of three land-locked plateaus that together form the northern sector of the Middle East.

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Armenian illuminated manuscripts

Armenian illuminated manuscripts form a separate tradition, related to other forms of Medieval Armenian art, but also to the Byzantine tradition.

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Armenian nobility

The Armenian nobility (Հայ ազնվականություն) was a class of persons which enjoyed certain privileges relative to other members of society under the laws and customs of various regimes of Armenia.

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Armenians in Bulgaria

Armenians (арменци, armentsi) are the fifth largest minority, after Russians, in Bulgaria, numbering 6,552 according to the 2011 census, down from 10,832 in 2001, while Armenian organizations estimate up to 22,000.

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Armenians in Cyprus

Armenians in Cyprus or Armenian-Cypriots (Կիպրահայեր, Αρμενοκύπριοι, Kıbrıs Ermenileri) are ethnic Armenians who live in Cyprus.

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Armillary sphere

An armillary sphere (variations are known as spherical astrolabe, armilla, or armil) is a model of objects in the sky (on the celestial sphere), consisting of a spherical framework of rings, centred on Earth or the Sun, that represent lines of celestial longitude and latitude and other astronomically important features, such as the ecliptic.

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Armour

Armour (British English or Canadian English) or armor (American English; see spelling differences) is a protective covering that is used to prevent damage from being inflicted to an object, individual or vehicle by direct contact weapons or projectiles, usually during combat, or from damage caused by a potentially dangerous environment or activity (e.g., cycling, construction sites, etc.). Personal armour is used to protect soldiers and war animals.

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Armoured cavalry

Armoured cavalry (or U.S. armored) began to replace horse cavalry as the reconnaissance arm in most armies after the First World War, although many armies continued to maintain horse cavalry through the end of the Second World War.

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Armoured fighting vehicle

An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is an armed combat vehicle protected by armour, generally combining operational mobility with offensive and defensive capabilities.

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Arms of Canada

The Arms of Canada (Armoiries du Canada), also known as the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada or formally as the Arms of Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada (Armoiries de Sa Majesté la Reine du chef du Canada), is, since 1921, the official coat of arms of the Canadian monarch and thus also of Canada.

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Army

An army (from Latin arma "arms, weapons" via Old French armée, "armed" (feminine)) or land force is a fighting force that fights primarily on land.

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Army of Darkness

Army of Darkness (also known as Bruce Campbell vs. Army of Darkness) is a 1992 American horror comedy film directed and co-written by Sam Raimi, co-produced by Robert Tapert and Bruce Campbell and co-written by Ivan Raimi.

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Army of the Czech Republic

The Army of the Czech Republic (Armáda České republiky, AČR), also known as the Czech Army or Czech Armed Forces, is the military service responsible for the defence of the Czech Republic in compliance with international obligations and treaties on collective defence.

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Arnay-le-Duc

Arnay-le-Duc is a French commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

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Arne, Dorset

Arne is a village and civil parish in the Purbeck district of Dorset, England; situated east of Wareham.

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Arnis

Arnis, also known as Kali or Eskrima, is the national sport and martial art of the Philippines.

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Arnold de Lantins

Arnold de Lantins (fl. 1420s – before 2 July 1432) was a Netherlandish composer of the late medieval and early Renaissance eras.

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Arnulf of Milan

Arnulf of Milan, or Arnulfus Mediolanensis (flourished c. 1085) was a medieval chronicler of events in Northern Italy.

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Aroldo

Aroldo is an opera in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based on and adapted from their earlier 1850 collaboration, Stiffelio.

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Arosio, Switzerland

Arosio is a village and former municipality in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.

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Arquata del Tronto

Arquata del Tronto is a comune (municipality) in Province of Ascoli Piceno in the Italian region Marche, located about.

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Arran (Caucasus)

Arran (Middle Persian form), also known as Aran, Ardhan (in Parthian), Al-Ran (in Arabic), Aghvank and Alvank (in Armenian), (რანი-Ran-i) or Caucasian Albania (in Latin), was a geographical name used in ancient and medieval times to signify the territory which lies within the triangle of land, lowland in the east and mountainous in the west, formed by the junction of Kura and Aras rivers, including the highland and lowland Karabakh, Mil plain and parts of the Mughan plain, and in the pre-Islamic times, corresponded roughly to the territory of modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan.

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Ars antiqua

Ars antiqua, also called ars veterum or ars vetus, is a term used by modern scholars to refer to the Medieval music of Europe during the high Middle Ages, between approximately 1170 and 1310.

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Ars Magica

Ars Magica is a role-playing game set in 'Mythic Europe' - a historically-grounded version of Europe and the Levant around AD 1200, with the added conceit that conceptions of the world prevalent in folklore and institutions of the High Middle Ages are factual reality (a situation known informally as the 'medieval paradigm').

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Arsenic poisoning

Arsenic poisoning is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body.

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Arsita

Arsita is a medieval town and comune in Province of Teramo in the Abruzzo region of eastern Italy.

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Art Institute of Chicago

The Art Institute of Chicago, founded in 1879 and located in Chicago's Grant Park, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the United States.

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Art needlework

Art needlework was a type of surface embroidery popular in the later nineteenth century under the influence of the Pre-Raphaelites and the Arts and Crafts Movement.

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Art of Europe

The art of Europe, or Western art, encompasses the history of visual art in Europe.

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Art of memory

The art of memory (Latin: ars memoriae) is any of a number of loosely associated mnemonic principles and techniques used to organize memory impressions, improve recall, and assist in the combination and 'invention' of ideas.

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Arta (regional unit)

Arta (Περιφερειακή ενότητα Άρτας) is one of the regional units of Greece.

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Arte della Lana

The Arte della Lana was the wool guild of Florence during the Late Middle Ages and in the Renaissance.

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Artemare

Artemare is a commune in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France.

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Arthur Frothingham

Arthur Lincoln Frothingham, Jr. (1859 – July 1923) was an early professor of art history at Princeton University and an archaeologist.

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Arthur Giry

Jean-Marie-Joseph-Arthur Giry (29 February 184813 November 1899) was a French historian, noted for his studies of France in the Middle Ages.

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Arthur Hyman

Arthur Hyman (April 10, 1921 – February 8, 2017) was a professor of philosophy at Yeshiva University.

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Arthur Machen

Arthur Machen (3 March 1863 – 15 December 1947) was a Welsh author and mystic of the 1890s and early 20th century.

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Articella

The Articella is a collection of medical treatises bound together in one volume that was used mainly as a textbook and reference manual between the 13th and the 16th centuries.

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Artik

Artik (Armenian: Արթիկ), is a town and urban municipal community in the Shirak Province of Armenia.

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Artillery

Artillery is a class of large military weapons built to fire munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry's small arms.

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Artisan

An artisan (from artisan, artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.

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Arts and Crafts movement

The Arts and Crafts movement was an international movement in the decorative and fine arts that began in Britain and flourished in Europe and North America between about 1880 and 1920, emerging in Japan (the Mingei movement) in the 1920s.

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Artsakh (historic province)

Artsakh (Արցախ) was the tenth province (nahang) of the Kingdom of Armenia from 189 BC until 387 AD and afterwards a region of the Caucasian Albanian satrapy of Sasanid Persia from 387 to the 7th century.

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Arundel House

Arundel House was a London town-house or palace located between the Strand and the River Thames, near St Clement Danes.

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Arvanites

Arvanites (Αρβανίτες, Arvanítes; Arvanitika: Arbëreshë / Αρbε̰ρεσ̈ε̰ or Arbërorë) are a bilingual population group in Greece who traditionally speak Arvanitika, a dialect of the Albanian language, along with Greek.

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Arvanitika

Arvanitika (Arvanitika: αρbε̰ρίσ̈τ, arbërisht; αρβανίτικα, arvanítika), also known as Arvanitic, is the variety of Albanian traditionally spoken by the Arvanites, a population group in Greece.

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Ascain

Ascain (Basque Azkaine) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

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Asceticism in Judaism

Asceticism is a term derived from the Greek verb ἀσκέω, meaning "to practise strenuously," "to exercise." Athletes were therefore said to go through ascetic training, and to be ascetics.

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Aschaffenburg

Aschaffenburg is a town in northwest Bavaria, Germany.

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Ascoli Piceno

Ascoli Piceno (Asculum) is a town and comune in the Marche region of Italy, capital of the province of the same name.

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Ascona

Ascona Ascona is a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

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Aseity

Aseity (from Latin a "from" and se "self", plus -ity) is the property by which a being exists in and of itself, from itself, or exists as so-and-such of and from itself.

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Asen's Fortress

Asen's Fortress (Асенова крепост, Asenova krepost), identified by some researchers as Petrich (Петрич), is a medieval fortress in the Bulgarian Rhodope Mountains, south of the town of Asenovgrad, on a high rocky ridge on the left bank of the Asenitsa River.

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Ash Williams

Ashley Joanna Williams is a fictional character and the protagonist of The Evil Dead franchise.

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Ashford Castle

Ashford Castle is a medieval and Victorian castle that has been expanded over the centuries and turned into a five star luxury hotel near Cong on the Mayo-Galway border, on the shore of Lough Corrib in Ireland.

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Ashford Green Corridor

Ashford Green Corridor is a green space that runs through the town of Ashford in Kent, England.

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Ashkelon

Ashkelon (also spelled Ashqelon and Ascalon; help; عَسْقَلَان) is a coastal city in the Southern District of Israel on the Mediterranean coast, south of Tel Aviv, and north of the border with the Gaza Strip.

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Ashkenazi Hasidim

The Hasidim of Ashkenaz (חסידי אשכנז, trans. Khasidei Ashkenaz; "German Pietists") were a Jewish mystical, ascetic movement in the German Rhineland during the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or simply Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכְּנַזִּים, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation:, singular:, Modern Hebrew:; also), are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium.

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Ashland, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana

Ashland is a village in the northernmost portion of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.

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Ashley Horace Thorndike

Ashley Horace Thorndike (1871 – April 17, 1933) was an American educator and expert on William Shakespeare.

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Ashot I of Armenia

Ashot I (Աշոտ Ա; c. 820 – 890) was an Armenian king who oversaw the beginning of Armenia's second golden age (862 – 977).

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Ashton-under-Lyne

Ashton-under-Lyne is a market town in Tameside, Greater Manchester, England.

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Asian Educational Services

Asian Educational Services (AES) is a New Delhi, India-based publishing house that specialises in antiquarian reprints of books that were originally published between the 17th and early 20th centuries.

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Asinara

Asinara is an Italian island of in area.

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Askenazy school

The Askenazy school (Polish: Szkoła Askenazego, sometimes referred to as Lwów–Warsaw School of History, Lwowsko-warszawska szkoła historyczna) was an informal group of Polish historians formed in the early 20th century under the influence of Szymon Askenazy in the University of Lwow and Warsaw University.

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Askham Bog

Askham Bog is small area of peat bog and Site of Special Scientific Interest situated within the Vale of York in North Yorkshire, England.

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Askham Bryan

Askham Bryan is a village and civil parish in the unitary authority of City of York in the north of England, 6 miles south-west of York, west of Bishopthorpe, and close to Askham Richard and Copmanthorpe.

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Askia Mohammad I

Askia Muhammad I (ca. 1443 – 1538), born Muhammad Ture or Mohamed Toure in Futa Tooro, later called Askia, also known as Askia the Great, was an emperor, military commander, and political reformer of the Songhai Empire in the late 15th century.

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Aspasia Manos

Aspasia Manos (Ασπασία Μάνου; 4 September 1896 – 7 August 1972) was a Greek commoner who became the wife of Alexander I, King of Greece.

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Aspic

Aspic is a dish in which ingredients are set into a gelatin made from a meat stock or consommé.

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Aspirin

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.

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Assarting

Assarting is the act of clearing forested lands for use in agriculture or other purposes.

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Assassination

Assassination is the killing of a prominent person, either for political or religious reasons or for payment.

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Assassins

Order of Assassins or simply Assassins (أساسين asāsīn, حشاشین Hashâshīn) is the common name used to refer to an Islamic sect formally known as the Nizari Ismailis.

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Assens, Denmark

Assens is a town with a population of 5,956 (1 January 2014) on the west coast of the island of Funen on the eastern side of the Little Belt in central Denmark.

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Assier

Assier is a commune in the Lot department in the Occitanie region of south-western France.

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Assizes of Jerusalem

The Assizes of Jerusalem are a collection of numerous medieval legal treatises written in Old French containing the law of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem and Kingdom of Cyprus.

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Assumption Cathedral in Smolensk

The Cathedral Church of the Assumption, dominating the city of Smolensk from Cathedral Hill, has been the principal church of the Smolensk bishopric for 800 years.

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Assyria

Assyria, also called the Assyrian Empire, was a major Semitic speaking Mesopotamian kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East and the Levant.

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Assyrians in Iran

Assyrians in Iran (آشوریان ایران), are an ethnoreligious and linguistic minority in present-day Iran.

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Assyrians in Iraq

Assyrians in Iraq are an ethnoreligious and linguistic minority in present-day Iraq, and are the indigenous population of the region.

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Astacus astacus

Astacus astacus, the European crayfish, noble crayfish, or broad-fingered crayfish, is the most common species of crayfish in Europe, and a traditional food source.

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Astano

Astano is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

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Astarac

Astarac is a region in Gascony, a county in the Middle Ages.

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Astley, Greater Manchester

Astley is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England, which is crossed by the Bridgewater Canal and the A580 East Lancashire Road.

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Astley, Shropshire

Astley is a small village and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

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Aston Clinton

Aston Clinton is a historic village and civil parish in the Vale of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England.

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Astrarium

An astrarium, also called a planetarium, is the mechanical representation of the cyclic nature of astronomical objects in one timepiece.

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Astrolabe

An astrolabe (ἀστρολάβος astrolabos; ٱلأَسْطُرلاب al-Asturlāb; اَختِرِیاب Akhteriab) is an elaborate inclinometer, historically used by astronomers and navigators to measure the inclined position in the sky of a celestial body, day or night.

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Astrological age

An astrological age is a time period in astrologic theology which astrologers claim parallels major changes in the development of Earth's inhabitants, particularly relating to culture, society, and politics.

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Astrology and astronomy

Astrology and astronomy were archaically treated together (astrologia), and were only gradually separated in Western 17th century philosophy (the "Age of Reason") with the rejection of astrology.

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Astrology of sect

Sect is an ancient astrological concept in which the seven traditional "planets" (including the Sun, the Moon and the five starry planets) are assigned to two different categories: diurnal or nocturnal sect.

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Astronomy

Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.

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Asturias

Asturias (Asturies; Asturias), officially the Principality of Asturias (Principado de Asturias; Principáu d'Asturies), is an autonomous community in north-west Spain.

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Astypalaia

Astypalaia (Greek: Αστυπάλαια), is a Greek island with 1,334 residents (2011 census).

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Atelier

An atelier is the private workshop or studio of a professional artist in the fine or decorative arts, where a principal master and a number of assistants, students, and apprentices can work together producing pieces of fine art or visual art released under the master's name or supervision.

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Atherstone

Atherstone is a town and civil parish in the English county of Warwickshire.

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Atlas Comics (1950s)

Atlas Comics is the 1950s comic-book publishing label that evolved into Marvel Comics.

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Atlas do Visconde de Santarém

The Atlas do Visconde de Santarém known sometimes in English as the Viscount of Santaréms world atlas, is an important compendium lithographic reproductions of medieval European maps and navigation charts.

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Atley Hill

Atley Hill is a hamlet in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England.

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Atropa belladonna

Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the nightshade family Solanaceae, which includes tomatoes, potatoes, and aubergine.

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Attempts to ban football games

There have been many attempts to ban football, from the middle ages through to the modern day.

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Attendorn

Attendorn is a German town in the Olpe district in North Rhine-Westphalia.

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Attigny, Ardennes

Attigny is a French commune in the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

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Attiswil

Attiswil is a municipality in the Oberaargau administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

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Aubrac

Aubrac is a small village in the southern Massif Central of France.

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Aucassin and Nicolette

Aucassin et Nicolette (12th or 13th century) is an anonymous medieval French chantefable, or combination of prose and verse (literally, a "sung story", similar to a prosimetrum).

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Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki

Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki is the principal public gallery in Auckland, New Zealand, and has the most extensive collection of national and international art in New Zealand.

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Auctores octo morales

The Auctores octo morales (Eight Moral Authors) was a collection of Latin textbooks, of an elementary standard, that was used for pedagogy in the Middle Ages in Europe.

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Aude

Aude is a department in south-central France named after the river Aude.

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Aude (river)

The Aude (Latin Atax) is a river of southern France that is long.

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Audley's Castle

Audley's Castle is a 15th-century castle located 1 mile (1.6 km) north-east of Strangford, County Down, Northern Ireland, on a rocky height overlooking Strangford Lough.

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Aue-Schwarzenberg

Aue-Schwarzenberg is a former district in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.

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Auen, Germany

Auen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt

Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, commonly referred to by its German acronym, ANRW, or in English as Rise and Decline of the Roman World, is an extensive collection of books dealing with the history and culture of ancient Rome.

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Augsburg

Augsburg (Augschburg) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.

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August Ludwig von Schlözer

August Ludwig von Schlözer (5 July 1735, Gaggstatt9 September 1809, Göttingen) was a German historian who laid foundations for the critical study of Russian history.

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August Potthast

August Potthast (13 August 1824, Höxter, Province of Westphalia13 February 1898, Leobschütz), was a German historian, was born at Höxter, and was educated at Paderborn, Münster and Berlin.

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August Sedláček

August Sedláček (28 August 1843 – 15 January 1926) was a distinguished Czech historian and archivist.

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August Wilhelm Schlegel

August Wilhelm (after 1812: von) Schlegel (8 September 176712 May 1845), usually cited as August Schlegel, was a German poet, translator and critic, and with his brother Friedrich Schlegel the leading influence within Jena Romanticism.

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Augusta Raurica

Augusta Raurica is a Roman archaeological site and an open-air museum in Switzerland located on the south bank of the Rhine river about 20 km east of Basel near the villages of Augst and Kaiseraugst.

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Auguste Molinier

Auguste Molinier (30 September 185119 May 1904) was a 19th-century French historian.

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Aulic Council

The Aulic Council (Consilium Aulicum, Reichshofrat, literally meaning Court Council of the Empire) was one of the two supreme courts of the Holy Roman Empire, the other being the Imperial Chamber Court.

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Aurelian of Réôme

Aurelian of Réôme (Aurelianus Reomensis) (fl. c. 840 – 850) was a Frankish writer and music theorist.

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Aurelian Walls

The Aurelian Walls (Mura aureliane) are a line of city walls built between 271 AD and 275 AD in Rome, Italy, during the reign of the Roman Emperors Aurelian and Probus.

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Aurich (district)

Aurich is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Aurochs

The aurochs (or; pl. aurochs, or rarely aurochsen, aurochses), also known as urus or ure (Bos primigenius), is an extinct species of large wild cattle that inhabited Europe, Asia, and North Africa.

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Aurora Consurgens (album)

Aurora Consurgens is an album by the power metal band Angra.

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Ausiàs March

Ausiàs March (1400March 3, 1459) was a medieval Valencian poet and knight from Gandia, Valencia.

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Ausonius

Decimus or Decimius Magnus Ausonius (– c. 395) was a Roman poet and teacher of rhetoric from Burdigala in Aquitaine, modern Bordeaux, France.

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Australian residential architectural styles

Australian residential architectural styles have evolved significantly over time, from the early days of structures made from relatively cheap and imported corrugated iron (which can still be seen in the roofing of historic homes) to more sophisticated styles borrowed from other countries, such as the Victorian style from the United Kingdom, the Georgian style from North America and Europe and the Californian bungalow from the United States.

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Austrian literature

Austrian literature is the literature written in Austria, which is mostly, but not exclusively, written in the German language.

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Austrian National Library

The Austrian National Library (Österreichische Nationalbibliothek) is the largest library in Austria, with more than 12 million items in its various collections.

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Autobiography

An autobiography (from the Greek, αὐτός-autos self + βίος-bios life + γράφειν-graphein to write) is a self-written account of the life of oneself.

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Autumn

Autumn, also known as fall in American and Canadian English, is one of the four temperate seasons.

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Avala

Avala (Авала) is a mountain in Serbia, overlooking Belgrade.

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Avaldsnes

Avaldsnes is a village in Karmøy municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.

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Avaldsnes Church

Avaldsnes Church (Avaldsnes kirke, formally St. Olav's Church at Avaldsnes, St Olavskirken på Avaldsnes) is a parish church in Karmøy municipality in Rogaland county, Norway.

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Avalon (DC Comics)

Avalon is the name of two fictional locations in the DC Comics universe.

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Ave Maris Stella

"Ave Maris Stella" (Latin for "Hail Star of the Sea") is a plainsong Vespers hymn to Mary from about the eighth century.

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Ave verum corpus

"" is a short Eucharistic hymn that has been set to music by various composers.

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Averøy

Averøy is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway.

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Avesnes family

The Avesnes family played an important role during the Middle Ages.

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Avesta (locality)

Avesta is a locality and the seat of Avesta Municipality in Dalarna County, Sweden, with 11,949 inhabitants in 2015.

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Aveyron

Aveyron (Avairon) is a department located in the north of the Occitanie region of southern France named after the Aveyron River.

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Avicenna

Avicenna (also Ibn Sīnā or Abu Ali Sina; ابن سینا; – June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.

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Avilés

Avilés is a city in Asturias, Spain.

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Avner Greif

Avner Greif (born 1955) is an economics professor at Stanford University, Stanford, California.

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Avodah Zarah

Avodah Zarah (Hebrew: "foreign worship", meaning "idolatry" or "strange worship") is the name of a tractate of the Talmud, located in Nezikin, the fourth Order of the Talmud dealing with damages.

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Avon Gorge

The Avon Gorge is a 1.5-mile (2.5-kilometre) long gorge on the River Avon in Bristol, England.

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Axial Age

Axial Age (also Axis Age, from Achsenzeit) is a term coined by German philosopher Karl Jaspers in the sense of a "pivotal age" characterizing the period of ancient history from about the 8th to the 3rd century BCE.

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Axial tilt

In astronomy, axial tilt, also known as obliquity, is the angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis, or, equivalently, the angle between its equatorial plane and orbital plane.

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Aydıncık, Mersin

Aydıncık is a town and district of Mersin Province on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, from Mersin and from Antalya.

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Aylesby

Aylesby is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England.

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Aylsham

Aylsham is a historic market town and civil parish on the River Bure in north Norfolk, England, nearly north of Norwich.

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Ayr

Ayr (Inbhir Àir, "Mouth of the River Ayr") is a large town and former Royal Burgh on the west coast of Ayrshire in Scotland.

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Ayrarat

Ayrarat was a province of old Armenia (c. 300–800).

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Ayutthaya Kingdom

The Ayutthaya Kingdom (อยุธยา,; also spelled Ayudhya or Ayodhaya) was a Siamese kingdom that existed from 1351 to 1767.

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Azuchi–Momoyama period

The is the final phase of the in Japan.

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Azurite

Azurite is a soft, deep blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits.

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Ádhamh Ó Cuirnín

Ádhamh Ó Cuirnín was an Irish medieval scribe from a north Connacht bardic family.

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Árni beiskur

Árni beiskur (or Árni the Bitter) (died 22 October 1253) was an Icelander.

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Ávila, Spain

Ávila (Latin: Abula) is a Spanish town located in the autonomous community of Castile and León, and is the capital of the Province of Ávila.

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Ä

Ä (lower case ä) is a character that represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter A with an umlaut mark or diaeresis.

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Älvkarleby Municipality

Älvkarleby Municipality (Älvkarleby kommun) is a municipality in Uppsala County in east central Sweden.

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Ätran (river)

Ätran is a Swedish river.

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Åfjord

Åfjord is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.

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Æthelwald Moll of Northumbria

Æthelwald Moll was King of Northumbria, the historic petty kingdom of Angles in medieval England, from 759 to 765.

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Çeşme

Çeşme is a coastal town and the administrative centre of the district of the same name in Turkey's westernmost end, on a promontory on the tip of the peninsula that also carries the same name and that extends inland to form a whole with the wider Karaburun Peninsula.

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Çermenikë

Çermenikë or Çermenika is an upland northeast of Elbasan, in central Albania.

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Èze

Èze (Eza, Esa) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France, not far from the city of Nice.

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Émile Mâle

Émile Mâle (2 June 1862 – 6 October 1954) was a French art historian, one of the first to study medieval, mostly sacral French art and the influence of Eastern European iconography thereon.

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Épinay-sur-Orge

Épinay-sur-Orge is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.

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Étampes

Étampes is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France.

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Île de la Cité

The Île de la Cité is one of two remaining natural islands in the Seine within the city of Paris (the other being the Île Saint-Louis).

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Ó Cléirigh

O'Cleary (Ó Cléirigh) is the surname of a learned Gaelic Irish family whose members appear in historical records dating to the mid-Medieval Period.

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Ó Duibh dá Bhoireann

The Ó Duibhdábhoireann (O'Davoren) family were a scholarly clan of Corcomroe, Thomond (modern-day County Clare), Ireland active since medieval times.

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Ó Fearghail

The Farrell or O'Farrell (Irish orthography: Ó Fearghail) is an Irish clan whose name can be traced back to king Fearghail, who was killed fighting alongside Brian Boru in the Battle of Clontarf in 1014.

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Óbidos, Portugal

Óbidos (Eburobrittium) is a town (vila) and a municipality in the Oeste Subregion in Portugal.

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Ödeshög Municipality

Ödeshög Municipality (Ödeshögs kommun) is a municipality in Östergötland County, Sweden.

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Öland

Öland (known in Latin as Oelandia, and sometimes written Øland in other Scandinavian languages, and Oland internationally) is the second largest Swedish island and the smallest of the traditional provinces of Sweden.

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Örebro Castle

Örebro Castle is a medieval castle fortification in Örebro, Närke, Sweden.

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Örjans Vall

Örjans Vall is a football stadium in Halmstad, Sweden, built in 1922.

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Örtug

Örtug, or ortig (Finnish: äyrityinen, aurto, or aurtua), was a medieval currency unit in Sweden.

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Överhogdal tapestries

The Överhogdal tapestries (Överhogdalstapeten) are a group of extraordinarily well-preserved textiles dating from late Viking Age or early Middle Ages that were discovered in Överhogdal, Sweden.

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Ü

Ü, or ü, is a character that typically represents a close front rounded vowel.

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Überlingen

Überlingen is a German city on the northern shore of Lake Constance (Bodensee).

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Černošice

Černošice is a town in Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic.

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Český Brod

Český Brod (Böhmisch Brod) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Čiovo

Čiovo (pronounced; Bua) is a small island located off the Adriatic coast in Croatia with an area of (length, width up to), population of 5,908 inhabitants (2011) and its highest peak is 218 m (Rudine).

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Čurug

Čurug is a village in the municipality of Žabalj, in the South Bačka District of Serbia.

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Đurađ Branković

Đurađ Branković (Ђурађ Бранковић; Brankovics György; 1377 – 24 December 1456) was the Serbian Despot from 1427 to 1456 and a baron of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Ēostre

Ēostre or Ostara (Ēastre or, Northumbrian dialect Ēastro Sievers 1901 p. 98, Mercian dialect and West Saxon dialect (Old English) Ēostre; *Ôstara) is a Germanic goddess who, by way of the Germanic month bearing her name (Northumbrian: Ēosturmōnaþ; West Saxon: Ēastermōnaþ; Ôstarmânoth), is the namesake of the festival of Easter in some languages.

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İstinye

İstinye is a neighbourhood in Istanbul, on the European side of the city.

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Łan

Łan (in English lan; in Latin laneus, in German Lahn), is an old unit of field measurement used in Poland.

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Łazy

Łazy is a town in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Łęczyca

Łęczyca (in full The Royal Town of Łęczyca; Królewskie Miasto Łęczyca; לונטשיץ) is a town of 14,362 inhabitants in central Poland.

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Łochów

Łochów is a town in the Węgrów County, Masovian Voivodeship, the seat of the urban-rural gmina Łochów, Poland.

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Łowicz

Łowicz is a town in central Poland with 28,811 inhabitants (2016).

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Łuków

Łuków is a city in eastern Poland with 30,727 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2005).

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Świętokrzyskie Mountains

The Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Góry Świętokrzyskie,, Holy Cross Mountains) are a mountain range in central Poland, near the city of Kielce.

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Świdnik

Świdnik is a municipality in eastern Poland with 40,186 inhabitants (2012), situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, southeast of the city of Lublin.

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Świebodzin

Świebodzin (Schwiebus) is a town in western Poland with 21,757 inhabitants (2004).

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Šabac

Šabac (Serbian Cyrillic: Шабац) is a city located in the Mačva region of western Serbia.

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Šaca

Šaca (Saca) is a borough of Košice, Slovakia.

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Šamorín

Šamorín (Somorja, Sommerein) is a small Slovak town in western Slovakia, southeast of Bratislava.

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Šubić

The Šubić were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages; they held the county of Bribir (Varvaria) in inland Dalmatia.

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Żabbar

Żabbar (Ħaż-Żabbar), also known as Città Hompesch, is a city in the South Eastern Region of Malta.

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Żelechów

Żelechów (Yiddish זשעלעכאָוו) is a town in east Poland in Masovian Voivodeship in Garwolin County.

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Żnin

Żnin (Znin, 1941-45: Dietfurt) is a small town in Poland with a population of 14,181 (June 2014).

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Baba Vida

Baba Vida (Баба Вида) is a medieval fortress in Vidin in northwestern Bulgaria and the town's primary landmark.

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Babels

Babels is an international network of volunteer interpreters and translators that was born out of the European Social Forum (ESF) process and whose main objective is to cover the interpreting needs of the various Social Forums.

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Baby hatch

A baby hatch or baby box is a place where people (typically mothers) can bring babies, usually newborn, and abandon them anonymously in a safe place to be found and cared for.

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Bacharach

Bacharach (also known as Bacharach am Rhein) is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bachelor of Laws

The Bachelor of Laws (Legum Baccalaureus; LL.B. or B.L.) is an undergraduate degree in law (or a first professional degree in law, depending on jurisdiction) originating in England and offered in Japan and most common law jurisdictionsexcept the United States and Canadaas the degree which allows a person to become a lawyer.

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Bad Aussee

Bad Aussee is a town in the Austrian state of Styria, located at the confluence of the three sources of the Traun River in the Ausseerland region.

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Bad Ems

Bad Ems is a town in Rheinland Pfalz, Germany.

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Bad König

Bad König is a town and resort (Kurort) in the central Odenwald in the Odenwaldkreis (district) in Hesse, Germany, 29 km southeast of Darmstadt.

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Bad Kreuznach

Bad Kreuznach is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg

Bad Münster am Stein-Ebernburg is a spa town of about 4,000 inhabitants (as of 2004) in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bad Mergentheim

Bad Mergentheim (Mergentheim until 1926) is a town in the Main-Tauber-Kreis district in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

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Bad Sobernheim

Bad Sobernheim is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bad Tölz

Bad Tölz is a town in Bavaria, Germany and the administrative center of the district of Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen.

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Bad Urach

Bad Urach is a town in the district of Reutlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Bad Zurzach

Bad Zurzach is a municipality in the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

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Badby

Badby is a village and a rural parish of about in the Daventry district of the county of Northamptonshire, England.

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Badge

A badge is a device or accessory, often containing the insignia of an organization, which is presented or displayed to indicate some feat of service, a special accomplishment, a symbol of authority granted by taking an oath (e.g., police and fire), a sign of legitimate employment or student status, or as a simple means of identification.

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Badlesmere, Kent

Badlesmere is a village and civil parish in the Swale district of Kent, England, and about five miles south of Faversham.

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Badshot Lea

Badshot Lea is a geographically small village NE of Farnham, Surrey, England, and close to Aldershot.

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Baerenthal

Baerenthal (Lorraine Franconian: Bäredal) is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.

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Baghdad

Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq.

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Bagistan, Uzbekistan

Bagistan, also written as Bogustan, Bog-i Ston and Baghistan, is a village located in the Bostonlyk district of the Tashkent province of Uzbekistan, in the southeast of the Charvak Reservoir at 960 m a.s.l. of western extremity of the Koksu Ridge (West Tien Shan).

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Baglan, Neath Port Talbot

Baglan is a village in Wales, named after Saint Baglan.

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Bagnall, Staffordshire

Bagnall is a village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England, north-east of Stoke-on-Trent.

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Bagnères-de-Bigorre

Bagnères-de-Bigorre (Banhèras de Bigòrra) is a commune and subprefecture of the Hautes-Pyrénées Department in the Occitanie region of southwestern France.

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Bagnoles-de-l'Orne

Bagnoles-de-l'Orne is a former commune in the Orne department in northwestern France.

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Bagrationi dynasty

The Bagrationi dynasty (bagrat’ioni) is a royal family that reigned in Georgia from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, being among the oldest extant Christian ruling dynasties in the world. In modern usage, this royal line is often referred to as the Georgian Bagratids (a Hellenized form of their dynastic name), also known in English as the Bagrations. The common origin with the Armenian Bagratuni dynasty has been accepted by several scholars Toumanoff, Cyril, "Armenia and Georgia", in The Cambridge Medieval History, Cambridge, 1966, vol. IV, p. 609. Accessible online at (Although, other sources claim, that dynasty had Georgian roots). Early Georgian Bagratids through dynastic marriage gained the Principality of Iberia after succeeding Chosroid dynasty at the end of the 8th century. In 888, the Georgian monarchy was restored and united various native polities into the Kingdom of Georgia, which prospered from the 11th to the 13th century. This period of time, particularly the reigns of David IV the Builder (1089–1125) and his great granddaughter Tamar the Great (1184–1213) inaugurated the Georgian Golden Age in the history of Georgia.Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. "Burke’s Royal Families of the World: Volume II Africa & the Middle East, 1980, pp. 56-67 After fragmentation of the unified Kingdom of Georgia in the late 15th century, the branches of the Bagrationi dynasty ruled the three breakaway Georgian kingdoms, Kingdom of Kartli, Kingdom of Kakheti, and Kingdom of Imereti, until Russian annexation in the early 19th century. While the Treaty of Georgievsk's 3rd Article guaranteed continued sovereignty for the Bagrationi dynasty and their continued presence on the Georgian Throne, the Russian Imperial Crown later broke the terms of the treaty, and their treaty became an illegal annexation. The dynasty persisted within the Russian Empire as an Imperial Russian noble family until the 1917 February Revolution. The establishment of Soviet rule in Georgia in 1921 forced some members of the family to accept demoted status and loss of property in Georgia, others relocated to Western Europe, although some repatriated after Georgian independence in 1991.

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Bahriye Üçok

Bahriye Üçok (1919 – October 6, 1990) was a Turkish academic of theology, left-wing politician, writer, columnist, and women's rights activist whose assassination in 1990 remains unresolved.

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Baia Mare

Baia Mare (Nagybánya; Frauenbach; Бая-Маре; Rivulus Dominarum; באניע, Banya) is a municipality along the Săsar River, in northwestern Romania; it is the capital of Maramureș County.

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Baibars

Baibars or Baybars (الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري, al-Malik al-Ẓāhir Rukn al-Dīn Baybars al-Bunduqdārī) (1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), of Turkic Kipchak origin — nicknamed Abu al-Futuh and Abu l-Futuhat (Arabic: أبو الفتوح; English: Father of Conquest, referring to his victories) — was the fourth Sultan of Egypt in the Mamluk Bahri dynasty.

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Baidoa

Baidoa (Baydhabo), is capital in the southwestern Bay region of Somalia.

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Bail

Bail is a set of restrictions that are imposed on a suspect while awaiting trial, to ensure they comply with the judicial process.

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Baile Hill

Baile Hill is a man-made earth mound in the Bishophill area of York, England.

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Bailleur

A bailleur, a French term, is a land owner who outsourced uncultivated parcels of land as part of an early Middle Age sharecropping system known as complant — a precursor to the métayage system.

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Bajina Bašta

Bajina Bašta (Бајина Башта) is a town and municipality located in the Zlatibor District of western Serbia.

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Bakhdida

Bakhdida (ܒܲܓܼܕܹܝܕܵܐ, Arabic:بخديدا, languages), also known as Baghdeda, Qaraqosh, or Al-Hamdaniya, is an Assyrian city in northern Iraq within the Nineveh Governorate, located about 32 km (20 mi) southeast of the city of Mosul and 60 km west of Erbil amid agricultural lands, close to the ruins of the ancient Assyrian cities Nimrud a