Timeline of Aachen

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Aachen, Germany.

Prior to 14th century[edit]

451 – Town "pillaged by the Huns."^[1]
786 – Palace of Charlemagne construction begins.^[2]
796 – Palatine Chapel construction begins (approximate date).
799 – Karlsschützengilde [de] (militia) formed.^[3]
813 – 13 September: Coronation of Louis the Pious as King of the Franks.^[4]
814 – 28 January: Death of Charlemagne.^[5]
816 – Catholic Council of Aachen establishes the Rule of Aix.
936 – 7 August: Coronation of King of Germany Otto I in Aachen Cathedral.
961 – Coronation of Otto II.
983
- Coronation of Otto III as King of Germany.^[1]
- Chapel rebuilt.^[4]
1028 – Coronation of Henry III as King of Germany.
1054 – Coronation of Henry IV
1087 – Coronation of Conrad II.
1099 – Coronation of Henry V as King of Germany.
1125 – Coronation of Lothair II as King of the Romans.
1138 – Coronation of Conrad III as King of the Romans.
1147 – Coronation of Henry Berengar as King of Germany.
1152 – Coronation of Frederick I as King of the Romans.
1169 – Coronation of Henry VI as King of the Romans.
1198 – Coronation of Otto IV.
1205 – Coronation of Philip of Swabia.
1215
- Coronation of Frederick II.
- Karlsschrein (shrine of Charlemagne) built in cathedral.^[4]
1222 – Coronation of Henry as German King.
1248 – Siege of Aachen; followed by coronation of William II of Holland.
1257 – Coronation of Richard as King of the Romans.
1273 – Coronation of Rudolph I.
1292 – Coronation of Adolf, King of Germany.
1298 – Coronation of Albert I.
late 13th century – Ponttor (city gate) built, first mentioned in 1320.^[6]
1300 – Marschiertor [de] (gate) built (approximate date).

14th–18th centuries[edit]

1306 – Aachen becomes a Free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire.
1309 – Coronation of Henry VII as King of the Romans.
1314 – Coronation of Louis IV as King of the Romans.
1349 – Coronation of Charles IV as King of the Romans.
1353 – Aachen Town Hall built.^[4]
1376 – Coronation of Wenceslaus IV as King of Germany.
1414 – Coronation of Sigismund as King of the Romans.
1442 – Coronation of Frederick III as King of the Romans.
1486 – Coronation of Maximilian I as King of the Romans.
1520 – Coronation of Charles V as King of Germany.
1531 – Coronation of Ferdinand I as King of Germany.
1580 – Protestant Reformation (approximate date).
1601 – Population: 14,171.

1614 – August: Siege of Aachen.
1656 – Fire.
1668 – May: Town hosts signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668).^[7]
1748 – April: Town hosts international Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle and signing of treaty.^[7]
1787 – Aachen Symphony Orchestra [de] active.
1794 – Town occupied by French forces.^[5]
1795 – Population: 23,413.

19th century[edit]

1801
- Town becomes part of France, per Peace of Lunéville.
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Aachen established.^[8]
1815 – Town becomes part of the Kingdom of Prussia, per Congress of Vienna.
1817
- Mayersche Buchhandlung [de] (bookseller) in business.^[9]
- Population: 32,300.^[10]
1818 – October: Town hosts international Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle.
1825
- Theater Aachen opens.
- Lower Rhenish Music Festival held.
1834 – Lower Rhenish Music Festival held; performers include Frédéric Chopin.
1840 – Population: 44,289.
1841 – Cologne-Aachen railway begins operating.
1846 – Lower Rhenish Music Festival held, directed by Felix Mendelssohn; performers include Jenny Lind.

1849 – Reuters news agency in business.^[11]
1853 – Aachen–Mönchengladbach railway begins operating.
1857 – Lower Rhenish Music Festival held, directed by Franz Liszt.
1859 – Church of Our Lady built.^[12]
1867 – Population: 67,923.^[13]
1870 – Polytechnikum (school) opens.
1880 – Tram begins operating.
1885
- Verein für Kunde der Aachener Vorzeit [de] (history association) founded.
- Population: 95,321.
1888 – Church of St. James built.^[12]
1890 – Population: 103,470.^[4]
1895 – Electric tram begins operating.
1897 – Burtscheid becomes part of Aachen.
1900 – Alemannia Aachen football club formed.

20th century[edit]

1905 – Aachen Hauptbahnhof (railway station) opens.
1908 – Jünglingverein Sankt Jakob Aachen (sport club) formed.
1919 – Population: 145,748.^[14]
1923 – October: Rhenish Republic established.
1924 – Rhenish Republic ends.
1928 – Tivoli stadium opens.
1942 – Forced labour camp established in the Burtscheid district.^[15]
1944
- April: Forced labour camp moved from Burtscheid to the Steinebrück district.^[15]
- May: Forced labour camp in Steinebrück dissolved.^[15]
- October: Battle of Aachen. Americans capture city.
1949 – Aachen I parliamentary district created.
1950 – Zimmertheater Aachen founded.
1951 – Theater Aachen rebuilt.
1954 – Elysee Theatre re-opens.^[16]
1956 – Belvedere Water Tower built.
1959 – Scotch-Club opens.
1960 – Aachener Tierpark [de] (zoo) established.^[17]
1961 – Museum established in Frankenberg Castle.
1965 – Computermuseum Aachen [de] founded.
1968 – Bilal Mosque [de] built.^[18]
1970 – July: Aachen Open Air Pop Festival held.
1971
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences established.
- Population: 176,626.
1972
- Brand becomes part of Aachen.
- Kurt Malangré becomes mayor.
- Population: 238,570.
1980 – Rugby Club Aachen formed.
1985 – Klinikum Aachen opens.
1986
- First independent Theatre (Theater 99) opens
- Neuer Aachener Kunstverein [de] (art nonprofit) founded.^[19]
1989 – Jürgen Linden becomes mayor.
2000 – Karlsgarten (garden) opens.^[20]

21st century[edit]

2003 – Cologne–Aachen high-speed railway in operation.
2006 – Host of World Equestrian Games.
2009
- New Tivoli stadium opens.
- Marcel Philipp [de] becomes mayor.^[21]
- City becomes part of Städteregion Aachen.
2012 – Population: 240,086.
2015 – City hosts the 2015 European Dressage Championships.
2019 – Treaty on Franco-German Cooperation and Integration signed by French president Macron and German Federal Chancellor Merkel.
2020 – Sibylle Keupen becomes first female mayor.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b "Aix-la-Chapelle". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822. hdl:2027/njp.32101073846667.
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Aix-la-Chapelle" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 448–449.
^ Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Chambers 1901.
^ ^a ^b Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Aix-la-Chappelle", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via Hathi Trust
^ Baukunst Nordrhein-Westfalen (German)
^ ^a ^b William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Aix-la-Chappelle". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
^ Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 (in German). Leipzig: O.A. Schulz. 1870.
^ Brockhaus 1896.
^ Chambers's Encyclopaedia. 1891.
^ ^a ^b Joseph Lins (1913). "Aachen". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Aix-la-Chapelle". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. 1901.
^ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Arbeitserziehungslager Aachen-Burtscheid". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
^ "Movie Theaters in Aachen, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoos and Aquariums of the World (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
^ Ossama Hegazy (2015). "Towards a German Mosque". In Erkan Toğuşlu (ed.). Everyday Life Practices of Muslims in Europe. Leuven University Press. pp. 193–216. ISBN 978-94-6270-032-1.
^ "Germany". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^ Freundeskreis Botanischer Garten Aachen (2000). "Die Eröffnung des Karlsgartens" (in German). BIOZAC – BIOlogisches Zentrum AAChen. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
^ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

Bibliography[edit]

in English[edit]

published in the 18th-19th centuries

Thomas Nugent (1749), "Aix la Chapelle", The Grand Tour, vol. 1, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762598
David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Aix-la-Chapelle". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood. hdl:2027/mdp.39015082314801.
"Aix-la-Chapelle", Hand-book for travellers on the continent (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, 1838, OCLC 2030550
Frederick Knight Hunt (1845), "Aix-la-Chapelle", The Rhine: its scenery & historical & legendary associations, London: Jeremiah How
Theodore Alois Buckley (1862), "Aix-la-Chapelle", Great Cities of the Middle Ages (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, Warne, & Routledge
Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Aix-la-Chapelle". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 1. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064786.
C.B. Black (1876), "Aix-la-Chapelle", Guide to the north of France, ... Belgium and Holland, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black
"Aix-la-Chapelle", The Rhine (8th ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1882, OCLC 7416969
W. Pembroke Fetridge (1885), "Aix-la-Chapelle", Harper's hand-book for travellers in Europe and the east, New York: Harper & Brothers
Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Aachen", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
Aix-La-Chapelle (Aachen) as a Health Resort. London: J. & A. Churchill. 1899.

published in the 20th century

"Aix-la-Chapelle". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. 1901.
"Aix-la-Chapelle", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483
Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Aachen", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards

in German[edit]

Johann Nopp (1643). Aacher Chronick [Chronicle of Aachen] (in German). Cölln: Kalkoven.
Zeiller, Martin (1680). "Achen". Topographia Westphaliae. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. p. 6+.. Circa 1647/1660
Christian Quix. Beiträge zur Geschichte der Stadt Aachen und ihrer Umgebungen. Mit 14 Urkunden, Dritter Band, Jacob Anton Mayer, 1838.
"Aachen". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
Heinrich Benrath (1860), Aachen, Burtscheid und ihre Umgebung [Aachen, Burtscheid and Vicinity] (in German), Aachen: Benrath & Vogelsang, OCLC 225286655, OL 24660587M
Hugo Loersch. Aachener Rechtsdenkmäler aus dem 13., 14. und 15. Jahrhundert. Bonn 1871.
Friedrich Haagen. Geschichte Achens von seinen Anfängen bis zur neuesten Zeit. Band 2: Vom Jahre 1400–1865. Aachen 1874.
"Aus Aachens Vorzeit", Mittheilungen des Vereins "Aachens Vorzeit" (in German), Aachen: Kommissions-Verlag der Cremerschen Buchhandlung: 10 v, 1888–1907
"Aachen". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064429.
Aachen (Germany) Oberbürgermeister (1907). Bericht über die Verwaltung der Stadt Aachen ... 1897–1906 [Report on the administration of the city of Aachen] (in German).
Max Wohlhage: Aachen im Dreissigjährigen Kriege Aachen 1911.
E. Uetrecht (1913). "Aachen". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut Meyer. hdl:2027/njp.32101073695320.
Paul Clemen, ed. (1924). Die profanen Denkmäler und die Sammlungen der Stadt Aachen. Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz [de] (in German). Vol. 10.
Aachen, Deutscher Städteatlas (in German), vol. 4, Institut für vergleichende Städtegeschichte, 1989, ISBN 3891150008

External links[edit]

Europeana. Items related to Aachen, various dates

[galignani1822-1] "Aix-la-Chapelle". Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium (4th ed.). Paris: A. and W. Galignani. 1822. hdl:2027/njp.32101073846667.

[brit1910-2] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Aix-la-Chapelle" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 448–449.

[Tallau2008-3] Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.

[FOOTNOTEChambers1901-4] Chambers 1901.

[haydn1910-5] Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Aix-la-Chappelle", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via Hathi Trust

[6] Baukunst Nordrhein-Westfalen (German)

[tegg1870-7] William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Aix-la-Chappelle". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.

[katolsk-8] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.

[schulz1870-9] Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 (in German). Leipzig: O.A. Schulz. 1870.

[FOOTNOTEBrockhaus1896-10] Brockhaus 1896.

[11] Chambers's Encyclopaedia. 1891.

[catholic1913-12] Joseph Lins (1913). "Aachen". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[chambers1901-13] "Aix-la-Chapelle". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. 1901.

[14] "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.

[aab-15] "Arbeitserziehungslager Aachen-Burtscheid". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2022.

[16] "Movie Theaters in Aachen, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

[Kisling2000-17] Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoos and Aquariums of the World (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.

[18] Ossama Hegazy (2015). "Towards a German Mosque". In Erkan Toğuşlu (ed.). Everyday Life Practices of Muslims in Europe. Leuven University Press. pp. 193–216. ISBN 978-94-6270-032-1.

[NewMuseum-19] "Germany". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

[20] Freundeskreis Botanischer Garten Aachen (2000). "Die Eröffnung des Karlsgartens" (in German). BIOZAC – BIOlogisches Zentrum AAChen. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

[21] "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 8 December 2013.

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v t e Years in Germany (1871–present)
19th century	Pre-1871 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900
20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Prior to 14th century[edit]

14th–18th centuries[edit]

19th century[edit]

20th century[edit]

21st century[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

in English[edit]

in German[edit]

External links[edit]