Worldwide
Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN IN
POWER
1700-1740
Female
leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
|
1700-01 Leading Member of the Council of Regency Dowager Queen
Mar�a Ana de Baviera-Neoburgo y Hessen-Darmstadt of Spain and the
Indies |
Considered herself to be the "principal minister" of her husband, Carlos
II (1665-1700), after their marriage in 1691, and she was politically
very influential. After her husband's death, she was member of The
Governing Board from 1.-16. November. The Board had no formal
chairman, but she had the "preferred vote". In 1700 Felipe V of
Bourbon became king - he was great-grandson of Felipe IV, who reigned
(1621-65), and became king after a war of succession between the
Habsburg and Bourbon heirs to the throne. She was confined to Toledo
and from 1706 she lived in exile in France until she returned to
Spain one year before she died. Born as Maria Anna von der
Pfalz-Neuburg, she lived (1667-1740). |
|
1700-33 Sovereign Princess Ippolita I Ludovisi of Elba and
Piombino, Marchioness of Populonia, Princess of Venosa, Countess
of Conza and Lady of Scarlino, Populonia, Vignale, Abbadia del Fango,
Suvereto, Buriano, Isola d�Elba, Montecristo, Pianosa, Cerboli,
Palmaiola and Castelvetere (Italy) |
Ippolita succeeded sister Olimpia as Principessa sovrana,
and married to Gregorio II Boncompagni, Duke of Sora and Acre,
Marquess of Vignola et cetera, who was co-prince until his death in 1707.
She was daughter of Niccol� I and his third wife Costanza
Pamphili, and was succeeded by the
oldest of her six daughters, Maria Eleonora Boncompagni Ludovisi, who
reigned 1733-45.
Ippolita lived
(1663-1724). |
|
1700-07 Regent
H.H Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Tara Bai Sahib Maharaj of Satara (India)
|
Also known as Sita
Bai Ali Sahib or or Tarabai. In 1714 her son,
H.H Kshatrtiya-Kulawatasana Sinhasanadhishwar Shrimant Raja Shahu
Sambahaji II Bhonsle Chhatrapati Maharaj (1698-1760), became ruler of
Kolhapur.
Tara Bai lived (1675-1761). |
|
1700 Regent The Rajawat Maharani Sahiba of Bikander (in Punjab
India) |
Widow of Maharaja Sri Anup Singhji Bahadur, Maharaja of Bikaner and
regent for son, who succeeded half-brother. |
|
1700-17.. Sultan Aisa of Ma�yuta (Mayotte, today a French
Possession) |
At
a not known date, she was succeeded by daughter, Sultan Monavo.
|
|
Around 1700 Adatuang Adi We Rakkia Karaeng Kanjenne of
Sidenreng (Indonesia) |
Succeeded father, Adatuang La Mallewai as ruler of the Bugis state in
South-Western Celebes/Sulawesi. |
|
Circa
1700-07/41 Regent Princess Tara Bona of Marato (India) |
Deposed by a rival Faction of the family but continued the fight until
she was finally beaten in 1741. |
|
1700-circa 1750 1st Asantehemaa Nana Nyarko Kusi Amoa
of Asante (Ghana) |
There are different interpretations of the role of the Queen Mother of
the Asante, but it seems that she held the important office of "ohemaa"
- the second highest political position in the state. Theoretically an
Ashanti Queen Mother was next to the king in the sense that she
automatically took upon the king's responsibilities should a condition
arise which made it later for the latter to administer. She was a full
member and co-President of the governing body and she took part in
all-important decisions. She was de facto royal co-ordinator and
possessed traditional legitimacy in determining the right successor to
the stool of the Ashanti King. She exercised a general supervisory
authority over women but did not in fact represent the overall
interest of the women.
Nyaaako was mother of king Opoku Ware I (1720-50) and the 4th
Asantehemaa Konadu Yaadom I, who was in office (Ca.1778-1809). |
|
1700-10 Regent Dowager Rani Tarabai of Kolhapur
(India) |
After the death of her husband, she assumed control of the government
in the name of her son Shambhaji II. A truce was sought which was
promptly rejected by the emperor. A new assault by the Marathas in
Malwa and the ransacking of Hyderabad further frustrated the
octogenarian emperor. Tarabai and the Marathas always aggravated
Aurangzeb, which eventually drained all his strength and resolve. He
had spent more than two decades pursuing an evasive and crafty enemy
and his extreme old age left him frail and weak until his death in
1707.After the emperor�s death, her nephew, Shahuji Shivaji II was
released by Emperor Bahadur Shah, and immediately claimed the Maratha
throne and challenged her and her son Shambhaji II. A power struggle
ensued and finally with the help of a skilful Brahmin, Balaji
Vishwanath, Shahuji Shivaji II was able to consolidate his power. She
lived (1675-1761). |
|
Around 1700 Mo�ng Ratu Dona Ines Ximenes da Silva of Flores
(Indonesia) |
Followed
her brother Mo�ng Ratu Don Simao (Samaoh) as ruler, and was later
succeeded by the grandson of a brother of her mother Mo�ng Ratu Don
Siku Koru as ruler of the Roman Catholic principality at the island of
Flores. The Ximenes da Silva-dynasty ruled until 1952 and continued as
civil rulers until 1960 over Sikka. |
|
Circa
1700-40 Queen Alemba of Sambi (Angola) |
Reigned jointly with Ului Nonudu. Sambi or Sambu was one of the large
clusters of Ovimbundu States, which was founded at various times from
around 1600. |
|
1700-12 Princess-Abbess Maria Magdalena Sohler of
Heggbach (Germany) |
A
forceful and energetic administrator and was engaged in various
disputes with neighbouring nobles. The chapter was hit by heavy taxes
during the War of the Spanish Succession and the continued passage
thorough the territory of foreign troops. From around 1705 her
epileptic attacks increased and she was unable to perform her duties.
|
|
1700-11 Princesse-Abbesse Elisabeth Charlotte Gabrielle de
Lorraine of Remiremont (France) |
Her
father, Duke L�opold of Lorraine, tried to impose her as Coadjutrice
with the right of succession. The Princess-Abbess Doroth�e asked the
Professors at Sorbonne for advice, but they didn�t answer before her
death 2 years later, so King Louis XIV imposed �lisabeth as sovereign
of the territory. She lived (1700-11). |
|
1700-52
Territorial Landowner
Countess Christina Piper T�rnflycht
of the estates of Krageholm, Sturefors
and H�gestad in Sk�ne and �ngs� in V�stmanland and Toppeladug�rd, Ugglarp,
Bj�rnstorp, �stra Torup, Assarstorp, Baldringe, Viggebyholm, Sturefors
1747-52
Owner of the
fideicommis of
Christinehovs with
Andarums, Torups, H�gestads and Baldringe s�terier (Sweden) |
Very influential locally and known as "Queen Christina at Christinehov".
She was left in charge of the family's wast estates from the the
time her husband, Royal Councillor Baron and Count (Friherre and greve), Carl Piper (1647 - 1716) went with
King Karl XII at war in Sk�ne, Poland and Russia
1700. He was taken prisoner in
1709 and died 5 years later. In the beginning it included at least
20.000 and she expanded it. 1725 she bought the estate of Andrarums wich included an mine of the chemical
compound of Alum and a factory with a total of 900 employees which she also expanded.
It was in function until 1912. She founded the fideicommis of Sturefors with Viggbyholm
in 1747 for her daughter-son Nils Adam Bielke, which included a large number of estates and
farms in Hanekinds, Bankekinds, �kerbo, Kinda and the shires of Hammarkinds in
�sterg�tlands l�n. She also created 2 other fideicommis of Engs� for her son Carl Fredrik and
S�derby with Gerstaberg for the family of Counts of L�wen. Of her 8 children 1 son and 4 daughters survived.
She was daughter of the Mayor Stockholm, Olof Hansson T�rnflycht (1640-1713),
and lived (1673-1752). |
|
1700-16 Throne Claimer Princess Pedi Wangmo of Sikkim (India) |
Claimed the throne from her young half-brother, Muwong Chador Namgyal (b.
1686) because she was the oldest. Her mother was a Bhutanese
and who invited a force from Bhutan to assassinate him, and he was carried off to Lhasa where he distinguished himself in
Buddhist learning and Tibetan literature. Meanwhile, Bhutanese forces
had captured the Rabdentse Palace and after eight years of occupation
the Deb Raja of Bhutan eventually withdrew the Bhutanese expedition
upon the mediation of the Tibetan Government. Chador Namgyal then
returned and started to consolidate his kingdom, driving out the
Bhutanese forces. Bhutan made another invasion and though many of the
areas under Bhutanese occupation were cleared, what are today
Kalimpong and Rhenock were lost. In 1716, while the king was at Ralung
hot springs, she conspired with a Tibetan doctor to arrange
bloodletting from a main artery and thus caused the king's death. The
doctor was eventually executed at Namchi and she strangled to death
with a silk scarf. |
|
1700s Shin Rani Guwari of Gilgat (Dardistan) (India)
|
Dardistan is a mountainous region in the Ladakh area in Northern
India, inhabited by indigenous tribes. |
|
1700s Chieftainess Kaipkire of the Herero Tribe (Namibia) |
Led her people in battles against British slave traders. There are
records of Herero women fighting German soldiers as late as 1919. |
|
1700s Rani Anubai of Ichalkarnji (India) |
Reigned the
principality which is situated in present day's Maharashtra. |
|
17... Queen Regnant Ramananandrianjaka Rambolamasoandro
of Ambohidratrimo
(Madagascar) |
Priviously known as Princess Ravorambato
or Ravormbato, she deposed her uncle King
Andrianbelanonona. Her granddaugther, Princess Rembolamasoandro was married to
the king of Madagascar. |
|
17... Sultan Nyau wa Faume of Ngazidja (Comoro Islands)
|
The
island is also known as Grande Comore. |
|
17... Sultan Adji di Kurin-dana Malaka of Berau (Indonesia) |
Berau is a scarcely populated area in the Island of Borneo. |
|
17... Ratu Mas of Tanah Bumbu (Indonesia) |
Succeessor of her father, Pangeran Dipati Tuha, and married to Daeng Malewa,
Pangeran Dipati who succeeded her. Their daughter Ratu Intan became
Ratu of the Cantung and Batulicin statelettes and married Sultan Anom
of Pasir, also known as Sultan Dipati Anom Alamsyah Aji Dipati
(1768-99). |
|
Circa
17... Amanyanabo Kambasa of Okolo-Ama (Nigeria) |
Ruler of a city-state known to the Europeans as Bonny. The first
ruler whose reign is dated reigned from 1759 some generations after Kambasa. |
|
17... Inas Embun Serin of Undang Luak (Malaysia) |
The
state was one of nine minor states that joined in the Negeri Sembilan
Confederation. |
|
17... Queen Logenge of Bimba (Cameroon) |
She
succeeded father Mbimbi and her husband King Kwan of Duala was
co-regent to 1792. |
|
17... Princess Nanasipau'u, Tu'i Tonga Fefine,
Tonga |
Daughter of Fatafehi Tu'ipulatu-i-Langi Tu'oteau [Tu'ipulatu II],
Tu'i Tonga (who died 1770) and his third wife, Latutama. Her
oldest daughter became the Tamaha, the younger Tu'i Tonga Fefine. As
Tu'i Tonga Fefine Princess Nanasipau'u held higher rank than
her father, her mother or her brothers, and she was considered to be abowe marriage, but could take the lovers she wanted. |
|
17... Amira Ghaliyy al-Whhabiyya in Saudi Arabia |
A
Hanibali from Tarba, she led a military resistance movement to defend
Mecca against foreign take over in the beginning of the 18th century.
She was given the title of Amira, the female equivalent of the title
of Amir - military leader. |
|
17.../18... The Omukama of The Bashambo Dynasty in Mpororo
(Uganda) |
Queen Mother Regnant of the kingdom, which was founded
circa 1650. It covered much of the Kigezi region of Uganda and what is
now northern Rwanda. |
|
1701 and 1704-05 Regent Infanta Caterina de Bragan�a of Portugal |
Stepped in as leader of the government during the illness of her
brother Dom Pedro II (1648-83-1706). had held the title of Princess
da Beira 1653-62 (Hereditary Princess) until her marriage to Charles
II of England, Scotland ind Ireland (1660-85)and remained
in England, living at Somerset House, through the reign of her
brother-in-law, James II and his deposement in the Glorious
Revolution by Mary II and William III, but her position deteriorated
as the practice of her religion led to misunderstandings and
increasing isolation and she returned to Portugal in 1692. She had
at least 2 miscarriages and lived (1638-1705). |
|
1701-02 Regent Dowager Duchess Elisabeth Sophia von Brandenburg
of Livonia and Courland and Semgallen (Courland/Kurzeme) (Latvia) |
Reigned in the name of her son, Friedrich Wilhelm (1692-98-1711), who
had first been under regency of his uncle Ferdinand, who became Duke
in 1711. The region is also known as Livland and Kurland or Kurzmene.
Elisabeth Sophia lived (1674-1770). |
|
Circa
1701-1754 Queen Alliquippa of the Seneca Tribe (USA) |
Also
known as Allequippa, or Allaquippa, she was a politician and a member of the Seneca tribe, one of the Iroquois
Indian nations. The first records of her were her saying goodbye to
William Penn in Delaware, New Jersey in 1701. She warned the
Pennsylvania government officials in 1747 that the French were trying
to take over the area as they came from Ohio. She found this out
apparently as she was making a trip across the state. In 1753 as
George Washington traveled through Logstown, he stopped to see her and
gave her gifts of a watch coat. She was a key ally of the British
during the French and Indian War. Together with her son Kanuksusy, and
warriors from her band of Mingo Seneca, she traveled to Fort Necessity
to assist George Washington but did not take an active part in the
Battle of the Great Meadows on 3-4 July 1754. She lived (1680/85-1754). |
|
1701-11 Princess-Abbess Maria Anna Susana zu Rhein of Sch�nis
(Switzerland) |
Received the Papal Nuntius, Vincenzo Bichi in the chapter in the last
year of her reign. Two other members of
her family were F�rst�btissin of the territory, the first from 1664
and the second from 1735. She was daughter of Hans Wilhelm zu Rhein zu
Mortzwiller and Beatrix Reich von Reichenstein. |
|
1701-14 Politically Influential Marie-Anne de la Tr�moille,
Princess des Ursins in Spain |
Her
first husband, Adrien Blaise de Talleyrand, Prince de Chalais fled to
Spain after having involved in a duel in 1663 and died shortly after.
She moved to Spain and married Flavio Orsini, duke of Bracciano in
1675. After his death in 1701 she sold his estates, assumed the title
of Princesse des Ursins, a corruption of Orsini, and became Mistress
of the Robes of Queen Maria Luisa de Savoia, who, together with her
husband Felipe V of Spain (Philippe d'Anjou), was completely under her
influence. She ensured that he dismissed his French advisors and
relied on native Spanish aides. In 1704 her enemies at the French
court secured her recall, but she still had the support of Madame de
Maintenon. The following year she returned to Spain, with a free hand,
and with what was practically the power to name her own ministry.
During the worst times of the war of the Spanish Succession she was
the real head of the Bourbon party, and was well aided by the spirited
Queen. She did not hesitate to quarrel even with such powerful
personages as the Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo, Portocarrero, when
they proved hostile. After Maria Luisa's death, Felipe married
Elisabetta Farnese who dismissed her. She spent the rest of her life
in Rome. The daughter of the Duc de Noirmontier and Ren�e Julie Aubri,
she lived (1642-1722). |
|
1701-circa 17 Titular Head of the Moctezuma Dynasty of the
Kingdom of Tecnochtitlan Do�a Fausta Domenga Sarmiento de Vallardares
y Moctezuma, IV Condesa de Moctezuma (Mexico) |
Followed her mother, Maria Jeronima Tesifon de Moctezuma as Head of
the former Indian dynasty and was succeeded by her sister, Do�a Melchora Juana, and lived (circa 1693-circa
1717). |
|
1702-14 H.M. Anne Stuart, Queen of Great Britain, France and
Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Supreme Head on Earth of the
Church of England and Ireland
1708 Lord High Admiral of England (United Kingdom) |
Ascended the throne after the death of her
brother-in-law, William, who had been joint ruler with her
sister, Mary II and on 1 May 1707 she presided over the union of the
Parliaments of Scotland and England, creating the parliament of Great
Britain. She was married to Danish Prince J�rgen (George), she
experienced 18 pregnancies between 1683 and 1700, but only five
children were born alive and only one survived infancy - William, Duke
of Gloucester, who died in 1700 at the age of 12. She refrained from
politically antagonizing Parliament, but was compelled to attend most
Cabinet meetings to keep her half-brother, James the Old Pretender,
under heel. She was the last sovereign to veto an act of Parliament.
The most significant constitutional act in her reign was the Act of
Union in 1707, which created Great Britain by finally fully uniting
England and Scotland. Her relative, Electress Sophia of Hanover was
appointed heir in 1701, but she died a few months before Anne, and her
son therefore became king Georg I. She died after a lifelong battle
with the blood disease porphyria after having lived (1665-1714). |
|
1702-08 Regent Dowager Duchess Hedvig Sofia of Sweden of
Holstein-Gottorp (Germany) |
Married to Friedrich of Slesvig-Holstein-Gottorp (1671-1702) in 1698. She
stayed in Gottorp for about one year and in 1700 her only child, Karl
Friedrich (1700-39), was born, and two years later her husband was
killed in battle. She was proclaimed regent while the guardianship was
given to her brother, Karl. XII. She was Hereditary Princess of
Sweden until her death, and her son stayed in Sweden until 1718, and
was generally considered to be heir to the throne - instead his aunt,
Ulrika Eleonora the Younger, was chosen as reigning Queen, after the
death of her brother, Karl XII. Karl Friedrich's son Carl Peter Ulrich
later became Czar Peter of Russia. Hedvig Sofia was daughter of Karl
XI and Ulrika Eleonora the Older, and lived (1681-1708). |
|
1702 Governor, Lieutenant General and Administrator Queen Maria Luisa Gabriala
de Saboya of Spain |
Appointed regent during her husband, Felipe V's campaign in Italy.
Mother of four sons, two of whom died in infancy and two others became
the kings Luis I Felipe of Spain (1707-1724) and Fernando IV
(1713-46-59). She was influential during his whole government together
with The Princesse des Ursine, and the three conducted the government
business together - as the "Council of Three". Her father, Duke
Vittorio Amedeo II, was duke of Savoia and became King of Sicily in
1713, which he exchanged with Sardinia in 1718. She lived (1688-1714). |
|
1702-06 Regent Dowager Countess Amalia Regina von Zinzendorff
und Pottendorf of Ortenburg
(Germany) |
In charge of the government during the ilness of
husband, Georg Philipp von Ortenburg
(1655-1702), and after his death, she took over the regency for their
only surviving son, Johan George
(1686-1725) with the approval of Emperor Leopod I. She reformed the school-system and introduced compulsory
primary education for children aged 5-12, and managed to keep the
county out of the upheaveals of the War of the Spanish Succession
1701-14, except from a minor incident in 1703, and she send her son
to Great Britain for his education to keep him out of the Austrian
army.
She also promoted
the Evangelican church of the state lived
(1663-1709). |
|
1702-09 In Charge of the Government
Dowager Duchess
Eleonore Charlotte von Sachsen-Lauenburg
of
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhage (Denmark and Germany) |
Married
Christian Adolf von
Slesvig-Holsten-S�nderborg-Franzhage in 1676. In 1668 King Frederik III had removed him from the duchy because his heavy dephts.
She travelled to Copenhagen to try to persuade the king to hand back
the territories, but instead they settled in Franzhagen. After her
husband's death, she was in charge of the government because of her
sons had married below their staus. Leopold Christian (d. 1707) and
Ludwig Carl (d. 1708).
She lived (1646-1709). |
|
1702-11 Politically Influential The Duchess of Marlborough in
Great Britain |
Sarah Jennings was a childhood friend of Princess Anne. In 1677 she
married John Churchill, later 1st duke of Marlborough. On Anne�s
marriage in 1683 she was appointed Lady of the bedchamber and became a
close confidante. Although temporarily out of favour (1692�94) owing
to the political disgrace of her husband, Sarah maintained a close
relationship with the Queen. No king's mistress had ever wielded the
power granted to the duchess, but she became too confident in her
position. She developed an overbearing demeanour towards Anne, and
berated the Queen in public. Around 1705 they began to quarrel over
Whig cabinet appointments. Until then Sarah had wielded considerable
influence at court, but gradually Abigail Masham, a kinswoman both of
Sarah herself and of the Tory leader Robert Harley, replaced her in
Anne�s affections. Finally dismissed in 1711, she and her husband went
abroad in 1713. After his death in 1722 she supervised completion of
the building of Blenheim Palace, quarrelling bitterly with its
architect, Sir John Vanbrugh, and with most of her relatives. She
lived (1660�1744). |
|
1702-10 Administratrice Christine de Salm-Salm of Remiremont, Saint
Pierre and Metz et cetera (France) |
In
1684 her sister, Princess-Abbess Doroth�e de Salm, had her named as
Second-in-Command against the ancient tradition that the Doyenne was
the Deputy to the Abbess, and named Secr�te, the third-in-command,
after the death of Anne de Malain de Lux by the Pope, but
never-the-less the ladies of the chapter elected
Elisabeth-Gabrielle-Fran�oise Rouxel de M�davy to the post, but
Christina von Salm continued as her sister's de-facto deputy, and she
was Acting Princess-Abbess during the minority of �lisabeth-Charlotte.
She lived (1653-?). |
|
1703-? The Iyoba of Uselu in Benin (Nigeria) |
Mother of king Ewuakpe of Benin (1700-12). His successor Ozuere
only reigned for one year and did not appoint his mother Iyoba of
Uselu since this traditionally happened after three years of reign by
the king. |
|
1703-11 Postmistress General Dorothea Kragh in Denmark |
In
1694 she married the 63-year-old gehejmestatsminister (Minister of
State) and chief of the Admiralty, baron Jens Juel til Juelinge (d.
1700). Her second husband was the king's natural son, Count Christian Gyldenl�ve of Sams�,
whom she
followed toItaly, where he was in command of a battalion, and
gave birth to their first son, Christian Danneskiold-Sams�e there. The
second son, Frederik, was born in 1703, four month's after Christian's
death. Already while pregnant she negotiated with Frederik 4. about
taking over the income from the Danish postal service, which her
husband had had since 1689. She was appointed Generalpostmester, and
much to the surprise of most people, she took over the management
herself with the help of a number of representatives. 1705 she made
new and detailed instructions to the local postmasters, and when her
contract ended in 1711 the post service was a good business with a
surplus. In 1715 she married, gehejmer�d (Privy Councillor), Count
Hans Adolf Ahlefeldt, and lived (1675-1754). |
|
1704-05 Regent Princess Palatine Therese Kunigunde Sobieska of
Bavaria (Germany) |
1695 she became the second wife of Kurf�rst Maximilian II Emmanuel
(1662-1726). In 1683 he aided the Holy Roman Emperor at Vienna in the
battle against the Turks. In 1691 he became governor of the Spanish
Netherlands. And apparently she was in charge of the government in a
period when he was away from the Electorate. Among their children was
Karl VII Albert elector of Bavaria, who became Holy Roman Emperor in
1742. Daughter of King Jan III of Poland Sobieski, and lived
(1676-1730). |
|
1704-15 Regent Dowager Duchess Gisela Agnes von Rath of
Anhalt-K�then (Germany)
1715-40 Reigning
Dowager Lady of the City,
Land and Castle of Nienburg |
Her husband, Emmanuel Albrecht (1671-1704), had designated her as heir
for their son Leopold (1694-1704-28). She promoted the Lutheran
faith and founded a Chapter for Noble ladies,
das Adlige Damenstift Gisela-Agnes-Stift, and
also promoted the composer Johan Sebastian Bach. Her family was of
lower nobility and in 1694 Emperor Leopold I had named her Countess
of the Realm, Reichsgr�fin von Nienburg and 1699 her son handed over
the City, Land and Castle of Nienburg (Saale) to her, and she
reigned it as her dowry when she handed over the government to her
son.
She
lived (1670-1740). |
|
1704-08 Reigning Princess Tassi Hangbe of Abomey (Benin) |
She
does not appear in the official king's lists but it is generally
agreed that she reigned after her brother Akaba (1685-1704) and was
followed on the throne by another brother, Agaja, and became one of
Abomey (or Dahomey)'s most important rulers, who reigned until 1740.
|
|
1704 Regent Princess Fatima of the Maldive Islands |
When the news of the possible drowning of her husband, Isdu King Siri
Muthei Ranmani Loka/ Sultan Ibrahim Mudhiruddine who after his
abdication was known as Isdu Ibrahim Bodu Kilegefan, while returning
from the Hajj pilgrimage reached Mal� in 1704, she attempted to usurp
the throne in her own right. Her rival and brother-in-law,
Admiral-in-chief Hussain was banished to Naifaru. She was however
displaced from the Eterekoilu - the residence of the Sultans -
by the Prime Minister Mohamed Faamuladeyri Thakurufan who was crowned
as King Siri Kula Sundhura Siyaaka Sasthura - Sultan Mudzhaffar
Mohamed Imaduddine II. |
|
1704-06 Head of the Guardian Government Dowager
Hereditary Princess
Elisabeth Marie Sofie von Schleswig-Holstein-Nordburg of
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Pl�n (Denmark and Germany)
1706-67 Reigning Dowager Lady of Ahrensb�k |
As her husband, Hereditary Prince Adolf August had died 4 days before his father,
Duke, Hans Adolf von Holstein-Pl�n, she became regent for 2 year old son, Leopold August, but
he died at the age of 4 and an interregnum followed for a number of
years, and she moved to her dowry in Ahrensb�k. 1710 she married Duke
August Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel (1662-1731) as his third
wife, though he was gay and had no children in any of his marriages.
Also known as erbprinzessin Elisabeth von Holsten-Nordborg, she lived (1683-1767). |
|
1704-43 Princess of the Realm Ursula Katharina zu Altenbockum
of Teschen (Poland)
1705-43 Dame of the Castle and City of Hoyerswerda (Germany)
|
After her divorce from Prince Georg Dominicus Lubomirski she became
the maitresse of August the Strong of Sachsen, and gave birth to a
son,
Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe (1704-74),
after which she was named Reichsf�rstin. She was involved in the
fall of the Saxon Chancellor Beichlingen. She later married Prince
Friedrich Ludwig von W�rttemberg, who died 1734. Shortly before her
death, she sold the Lordship of Hoyerswerda to August III. She was
born in Lithuania and lived (1680-1743). |
|
1704-36 Reigning
Dowager Lady Luise Elisabeth von W�rttemberg-Bernstadt of the
Castle of Jahnschen in Forst in Sachsen-Merseburg (Germany)
|
Her husband,
Philipp Sachsen-Merseburg zu Lauchs�tt (1657-90), was killed at
Fleurus.
During her residence, the city of Forst experienced its last feudal
period of economic growth. All her 3 children died in infancy, and she
lived (1673-1736). |
|
1704-07 and 1711-14 Reigning Abbess-General Teresa Josefa de
Lanuza of the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in
Burgos (Spain)
|
The Abbess of the chapter had the right to hold her own courts, in civil and criminal cases, granted letters dismissorial for ordination, and issued licenses authorizing priests,
within the limits of her abbatial jurisdiction, to hear confessions,
to preach, and to engage in the cure of souls. She was privileged also
to confirm Abbesses, to impose censures, and to convoke synod. |
|
1704-42
Reigning Abbess
Louise-Fran�oise de Rochechouart
of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
Succeeded her
aunt Gabrielle de Rochechouart de Mortemart. |
|
1704-18 Acting Princess-Abbess Marie Aurora von K�nigsmarck of Quedlinburg
(Germany)
|
Her father, General Graf Konrad Christoph von K�nigsmarck, fell in
battle and she went with her mother, the Swedish Baroness Maria
Christina von Wrangel af Lindeberg, to Sweden. After her death in 1691
she lived with her sister in Hamburg. 1696-97 she was the mistress of
Elector Friedrich August II of Sachsen. Afterwards she retired to Quedlinburg where she became second-in-command as Pr�pstin, but lived
in Berlin, Dresden and Hamburg. 1702 she went on a diplomatic mission
to the Swedish army in Narwa. After the Peace of she retired to
Quedlinburg and was the Acting Sovereign as no Princess-Abbess was
elected. She was in dispute with the other ladies of the chapter,
Dechaness Eleonora Sophie von Schwarzenburg and her sister Maria
Magdalena and various attempts to reconciliate the three failed even
though the King of Prussia and the Emperor intervened. She spoke
various languages, was a virtuous player of Lute and Viola da Gamba,
and composed various operas, lieder and cantata. She lived
(1662-1728). |
|
1704-09 and 1735-36
Politically Influential
Queen Katarzyna Leszczyńska of
Poland |
Involved in politics during the reign of husband, king Stanisław
Leszczyński of Poland and afterwards Duke of Lorraine and Bar. Her
daughter, Maria Leszczyńska, was Queen of France and Duchess of
Lorraine. Katarzyna lived (1680-1747).
|
|
1705-48 Sovereign Duchesse Elisabeth de Lorraine-Lillebonne of
Luxembourg-Saint-P�l (France) |
Also known as Princess Elisabeth de Elboeuf she bought the Duchy in
1705 from Marie of Orleans sold it to
Elizabeth of Lorraine-Lillebonne, widow of Louis de Melun, prince of
Epinoy, and their daughter married the prince of Rohan-Soubise, who
thus became count of St Pol.
In 1724 she transferred it to her son Louis de Melun,
prince of Epinoy, and when he died it was inherited by
her daughter,
the Princesse de Soubise. She was daughter of Fran�ois-Marie de
Lorraine-Lillebon and Anne de Lorraine-Vaudemont and her
sister, Beatrix de Lorraine-Lillebonne
was Abbess at Retiremont. She lived (1664-1748). |
|
1705-17 Joint Sovereign Countess Albertine Susanne zu Limpurg-Speckfeld
of 1/3rd of Limpurg-Speckfeld (Germany) |
Oldest daughter and heiress (erbtochter) of Georg-Eberhard Lord zu Limpurg-Speckfeld, whose
brother, Volrath zu Limpurg-Sponheim, left five daughters as co-heirs
after his death in 1712, with whom she and her sisters and cousins
co-reigned the territories from 1713. She was married to Friedrich von Welz,
and succeeded by son, Friedrich Ernst. |
|
1705-65 Joint Sovereign Countess Christiane Caroline Henriette zu Limpurg-Speckfeld
of 1/3rd of Limpurg-Speckfeld (Germany) |
When the last male member
of the family died in 1713, she and 9 other female heiresses (erbt�chter)
took over the reign.
She was second daughter of Georg-Eberhard Lord zu Limpurg-Speckfeld,
and had
no children with her husband Victor-Sigismund von Gr�venitz. She lived
(1691-1765) |
|
1705-54 Joint Sovereign Countess Amalia Friederike Alexandra zu
Limpurg-Speckfeld of 1/rd of Limpurg-Speckfeld (Germany) |
Together with
her sisters and cousins she took over the reign in 1713. She was third daughter of daughter of Georg-Eberhard Lord zu Limpurg-Speckfeld,
she was first married to Johann Georg von Wolframsdorf and secondly to
Count Joachim von Rechteren (d. 1715) and was succeeded first by
oldest son Count Friedrich-Ludwig von Rechteren-Limburg, who again was
succeeded by his son Adolf Friedrich who reigned until 1819, until he
was succeeded by Amalia's youngest son, Friedrich-Reinhald.
Amalia, whose daughter, Josine-Elisabeth (d. 1738) and
granddaughter by the same name were also co-heiresses, lived (1689-1754).
|
|
1705-06 Sovereign Lady Dowager Duchess Mauricienne F�bronie de
La Tour-d'Auvergne von Bayern of Schwabeck (Germany) |
Also known as Mauritia Febronia, Princess d��vreux, she was daughter
of Fr�d�ric Maurice de la Tour d'Auvergne, Duke de Bouillon (d. 1652)
and Eleonore Katharina von Berg (d. 1657), she grew up under the
protection of King Louis XIV, and married Duke Maximilian Philipp of
Bayern, Landgraf von Leuchtenberg (1638-1705), who acted as regent
1679-80 for his nephew, making her the first Lady of the electorate.
After her husband's death she reined the lordship. It was during the
War of the Spanish Succession. Her husband had received Letters of
Protection from both the Habsburg Emperor and the King of France to
prevent the lordship from being looted, and she vehemently secured
that the foreign soldiers lived up to the letters. She had no
children, and lived (1652-1706) |
|
1705-1711 Politically Influential Empress Wilhelmine Amalie zu
Braunschweig-L�neburg of The Holy Roman Empire |
During the reign of her husband Josef I von Habsburg, she sided with
her mother-in-law, Eleonora Magdalena von der Pfalz-Neuburg, and they
even founded their own little court party. After her husband's death,
she was no longer involved with politics, except for the promotion of
her two daughters. Her brother-in-law, Emperor Karl VI, proclaimed the
Pragmatic Sanction, which placed his own daughters before those of his
deceased brother, Emperor Josef. At first she fought against this and
counted on the support of their two sons-in-law, the Electors of
Bavaria and Saxony, but gave up when the Austrian court did not
support her. In 1740, after the sudden death of Emperor Karl VI, both
her sons-in-law decided to claim the Imperial office. At first they
had the support of Wilhelmine Amalie but, when the Bavarians started
to prepare for war, she sided with her niece, Maria Teresa. She
founded a convent, where she spent the rest of her life, having lived
(1673-1742). |
|
1705-33 Politically Influential Wilhelmine von Gr�venitz in
W�rttemberg (Germany) |
Known as "Die Gr�venitz", she was the mistress and from 1706 the
official Maitresse of Duke Eberhard Ludwig and she gained control of
the whole administration and employed a "secret police" in order to
maintain her position. She surrounded the Duke with her prot�g�s and
confidants, became the centre of a court party and sold court offices,
and had her brother, Wilhelm Friederich, appointed as Prime Minister.
In 1707 she had married Eberhard Ludwig married as his second wife in
a
morganatic marriage; but
the marriage was dissolved because of pressure from the Emperor. She
went in exile in Switzerland followed by the Duke until they both
returned in 1710 after she had been married to the Landhofmeister Graf
von W�rben. When Eberhard Ludwig's only son died in 1731 he returned
to his wife, Johanna Elisabeth von Baden-Durlach with the hope of
producing a new heir, but he died of a stroke two years later. After
his death she fled to Berlin and was prosecuted by his nephew and
successor, but a compromise was reached. Christine Wilhelmine
Friederike lived. (1686-1744). |
|
1705-14 Politically Influential Lady Abigail Masham in United
Kingdom of Great Britain |
In
1704 she became Lady of the Bedchamber Queen Anne through the
influence of her cousin Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough. In
1707 she married Samuel Masham (later a baron), a groom to Anne�s
husband, Prince J�rgen (George) of Denmark. Abigail Masham gradually
supplanted the Duchess of Marlborough in the Queen�s affection and
became the instrument through which Robert Harley, her kinsman,
exerted his influence on Anne. In 1714, however, they quarrelled with
and she, secured his dismissal as lord treasurer, and assured Viscount
Bolingbroke (Henry St. John) of supreme political power. After Anne�s
death (1714), she lived in retirement until her death in 1734. |
|
1706-54 Temporary in charge of the Government Princess Anna
Louise F�se of Anhalt-Dessau (Germany) |
Generally known as Annelise, she was married to Leopold I
(1676-93-1747), who spend much of his reign away as officer in the army of
Brandenburg, and she was left in charge of the government and reigned
with insight and intelligence. She was daughter of a chemist and
against the opposition of his mother, Henri�tte Catharina; they had
married in 1698, when he took over the government after his mother's
regency, which had lasted from 1693. In 1701 years she was given the
rank of a Countess of the Realm (Reichsgr�fin) legitimizing their
children. When her son, Leopold II died in December 1751, his wife,
Gisela Agnes von Anhalt-K�ten had already died a few months earlier,
and her younger son, Dietrich, took over for her 11 year old
grandson, Leopold III, with her continuing to be in charge when
Dietrich was away with the Preussian army where he was Field Marshal
like his father and brothers. The mother of 10 children, she lived (1677-1754). |
|
1706-before 1723
Sovereign Lady
Juana de Moura y Arag�n of
las Islas Terceras in the Azores (Portugal) |
Succeeded her
sister, Leonor as 5th Marchioness de Castelo Rodrigo, 4th Countess of
Lumiares, 34rd Duchess of Nocera from 1675 and Governor of Sicily in
1677. She was daughter of Francisco de Moura y Melo and Anna
Mar�a d�Aragona and married to Gilberto Pius, Prince of San Gregorio.
The couple had four children the eldest of whom born in 1672 succeeded
her as 6th Marquess. |
|
1706-17 Princess-Abbess Anna Juliana Helene von
Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein of Thorn (The Netherlands)
1708-17 Princess-Abbess of Elten and Abbess of Vreden
(Germany) |
During her reigh the
principality ended it's long lasting disputes with the Republic of the
Netherlands with a treaty in 1715, which defined the rights of the
abbey and the Staten Generaal - the Dutch parliament. In Elten she was
succeeded by Maria Eugenia von Manderscheid. |
|
1706-24 Princess-Abbess Marie Fran�oise Josephine de Glymes de Berghes of
Nivelles, Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles (Belgium) |
Daughter of Philipp Franz
de Glymes, Prince de Berghes, Count de Grimberghe
etc, who was Governor of Hainault and later of Brussels and Marie
Jacqueline de Lalaing, Baroness de Gaesbeek, and lived (1678-1724). |
|
1706-37
Princess-Abbess
Maria Mechtildis Berchtold
of
G�ss bei Leoben (Austria) |
Member of
an Austrian Countly family. |
|
1706-53 Princess
and Abbess Marie Gertrude von Berlepsch of the Stift zu den Engeln
in Prag (Chapel of Angels in Prague) in Austria-Hungary |
After husband, Wilhelm Ludwig von Berlepsch (1639-76), died of the
wounds he received by the siege of Philippsburg, she became
responsible for her two sons, Sittich Herbold (1673-1712) and the
posthumously born, Peter Philipp Josef (1676-1721). As she chose to
have her second son baptised by an Evangelican priest in 1680, the
Prince-Abbot of Fulda sieged her castle Eichenzell and fined her 200
gulden, but she refused to bow. The same year the Emperor took her
under his protection and in 1684 she was named Hofmeisterin (Mistress
of the Court) in the Court of the first wife of the Pfalzgraf Johann
Wilhelm von Pfalz Neuburg, and after her death in 1689, Marie Gertrude
continued in office as Oberhofmeisterin (Chief Mistress) by the first
wife of the Pfalzgraf and Elector Karl Philipp nach Neuburg an der
Donau. 1690 she was appointed Oberhofmeisterin of Marie Anna who
married king Carlos II of Spain, and during her time in Spain, she had
a decisive influence on the politics of the country and thereby also
in the rest of Europe. She worked for the interests of Austria and was
very influential when it came to appointment to important offices and
became very rich. In 1695, the Emperor raised her and her sons to the
positions of Counts of the Realm (Reichsgrafenstand), but in the
meantime the opposition against the German influence on the
Queen-Regent grew, and Marie Gertrude left Spain in 1700. She bought
back the part of the Estate of Eichenzell that had been taken as
security by the Abbot of Fulda in 1680, and in 1699, she bought the
Lordship of the Realm of Mylendok (Reichsherrschaft), and lived her to
her death. 1706 she became the first Abbess of the newly founded
Ladies Chapel in Prague (englischen weltlichen Fr�ulein-Stift in der
Neustadt Prag) and she was appointed Princess of the Empire (Reichsf�rstenstand).
Born as Wolf von Gudenberg, she lived (1654-1723). |
|
1706-08 Abbess Nullius Onofria Tarsi of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto
in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy)
|
Elected in the presence of Bishop of Monopoli. |
|
1707-27 Regent Dowager Margravine Sibylla Augusta von
Sachsen-Lauenburg of Baden-Baden (Germany)
1728-33 Reigning Dowager Lady of the City and Castle of Ettlingen
et cetera |
Barely 15 as she became the wife of "T�rkenlouis", Margrave Ludwig
Wilhelm von Baden-Baden (1655-1707). She became regent for her only
surviving son, August Georg Simpert (1706-1707-1771) in the middle of
the war of the Spanish Succession, under difficult circumstances. She
used lots of energy in the rebuilding of Baden, and reviving the
finances, which had stressed heavily during the two wars. She used her
personal incomes from Bohemia but also granted privileges and tax
advantages for the rebuilding-efforts. She build various manors,
castle and churches and she was a grand promoter of the arts. Already
when she assumed the regency she started to limit the influence of the
co-regents, Elector Johann Wilhelm von der Pfalz and Duke Leopold
Josef von Lothringen, and she managed to persuade the French marshal
Villars to half his war-taxes and she was successful in persuading
Emperor Leopold to fulfil parts of his promises of vast financial
contributions to her late husbands. After her son assumed the
government, she withdrew totally to her dowries. She was daughter of
Duke Julius Franz von Sachsen-Lauenburg and Maria Hedwig Augusta von
Pfalz-Sulzbach, and had inherited vast lands and lordships, mainly in
Bohemia; she gave birth to nine children, and lived (1675-1733). |
|
1707-? Soledatu We Adda of Soppeng (Indonesia) |
Succeeded brother, La Tenrisenge Towes, as ruler of the Buginese state
in South Western Celebes/Sulawesi. Married to Arung Palakka of Bone. |
|
1707-14 Sovereign Duchess
Maria Clara Angelica
van Egmond of Gavre, Princess
of Steenhuis, Marchioness di Renty, Countess van
Egmond and Berlaymont, Baroness of Hier�ge, Lalaing and Lens
and Lady of Fiennes and Floyon
(The
Netherlands) |
Her father Filip van Egomnd II was Vice-roy of Sardegna her mother Maria Fernanda
de Croy, was heir to the Margravate of Renthy. She succeeded her brother,
Filip. She was married to Nicolo Pignatelli, Duke di
Bisaccia, Count di (1658-1719), and her son, Propocio, held the
titles. She lived (1661-1714). |
|
1708-09 Regent Queen Louise von Mecklenburg-G�stow of Denmark
and Norway |
The
government of the realm was in her hands during the journey of her
husband, Frederik 4 to Italy. She had been married the later king
since 1695. Her husband was first married to the "left hand"
in a
morganatic marriage
with
Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg and after her death to Comtesse Anna
Sophie Reventlow. The Queen became more and more engaged in her
pietistic faith. She was mother of two surviving children and three
other children who all died as infants, and lived (1667-1721). |
|
1708-23 Sovereign Princess Anna Henrietta Julia zu
Pfalz-Simmern of Arches-Charleville (France) |
Also known as Anne-Henriette de Bavi�re, she inherited the
principality after the death of her grandfather, the last duke of
Mantua Carlos III, who used the title of "Carolus Gonzaga dux
Nivernensis et Rethelensis, Dei gratia princeps supremus Archensis".
She was daughter of Anna Maria of Gonzaga, and married to the Henri
Jules de Bourbon-Cond� and mother of 10 children. Arches was considered part of the kingdom in 1789 when the
Estates General were called, and its residents elected a
representative to what became the National Assembly.
She lived (1648-1723). |
|
Around 1708 Army Leader Mai Bhago Ju in Punjab (India) |
A
member of a high-ranking Sikh-family, she led troops in battle in
favour of the Sikh faith. She was seriously wounded, and thereafter
stayed on with Guru Gobind Singh as one of his personal guard. After
the death of Guru Gobind Singh at Nanded in 1708, she retired further
south. She settled down at Jinvara, 11 km from Bidar in Karnataka
where, immersed in meditation, she lived to attain a ripe old age. |
|
1709-15 Joint Regent
Dowager Queen Anna Irubakidze of Kakheti (Georgia) |
After the death of her husband, Irakli I,
King of Kakheti (1675-1676, 1703-1709) and Kartli (1688-1703), she was
regent with her younger son, Teimuraz (future king Teimuraz II
of Kakheti) for her absent elder son David II (Imam Quli-Khan)
from 1709-15. The kingdom was under the protection of the Safavid
dynasty of Iran. The daughter of
Prince Shirmazan Irubakidze of Sacholokao, she
(d. after 1716). |
|
1709 In Charge of the Government
Dowager Duchess
Barbara Dorothea von
Winterfeld
of
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhage (Denmark and Germany) |
After the death of her mother-in-law,
Eleonore Charlotte von Sachsen-Lauenburg, she tried to continue
running the estates of the small duchy, but she had to give up and
moved to Hamburg where she died in poverty. Her husband, Ludwig Carl
von Holstein-S�nderborg in Franzhage had died in 1708. She (d. 1739). |
|
1709-14 Regent
Dowager Sovereign Lady Ursula Regine Marie von Friesen of Muskau
(Germany)
|
After the death of her husband, Count Curt Reinicke von
Callenberg (165-1709) she was in charge of the government in the
name of her son, Johann Alexander Graf von Callenberg. She lived (1658-1714). |
|
1709-51
Reging Dowager Lady
Dowager Duchess Christiane
Emilie
Antonie Schwarzburg-Sondershausen of Mirow in Mecklenburg-Strelitz
(Germany)
|
Following the death of her husband, Duke Adolf Friedrich II von
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, she reigned in her dowry. Emelie von Schwarzburg was mother of 2 children;
Sophie Christine Louise von Mecklenburg-Strelitz
(1706-08) and
Karl Friedrich Ludwig Herzog zu Mecklenburg, Prinz zu Mirow (1708-52). She lived
(1681-1751). |
|
1709-39
Reigning Abbess Maria Antonia
Constantina Scholastika von Falkenstein
of Wald,
Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
Built the large baroque chapter-complex in the years 1721�27. 5 of her
sisters were nuns in Unterlinden in Colmer, 1 in G�nterstal and 3 possibly in
Alspach beiKeysersberg, her brother, Adalbert became Bishop of Csan�d in
Hungary, another was a cleric and the last married a former nun in Wald. She was
daughter of Freiherr von Falkensten and Anna Franziska Ursula von Mercy, and lived (1666-1739). |
|
1710-19 Raja Devi P'ra-Chao of Patani (Thailand) |
Raja Mas Jayam reigned the merciant Malayan state in the south of
Thailand 1707-10 and 1724-26. |
|
Circa
1710/30-circa 60 Queen Regnant Asea Poku of Baule (Ashante-Brong)
(Cote d'Ivoire) |
Also known as Awura, Aura, or Abla Pokou was born a princess of
Koumassi, daughter of Nyakou Kosiamoa, sister of Dakon, the ill-fated
successor of Opoku Ware I, and niece of Osei Kofi Tutu I, a formidable
king and co-founder of the Ashanti Empire. She became leader of a
breakaway group from the main Ashanti Confederacy, which she refused
to join. Disagreements among the factions resulted in war in Ghana.
She led her group westward, through a long, arduous journey, to the
Komoe River and asked her priest how to cross the river safely, and he
told her a sacrifice was required. Pokou sacrificed her son, throwing
the infant into the water and calling out "Ba ouli", "the child is
dead". It is for this reason that her descendants are today known as
the Baoule. After the sacrifice, hippopotamuses appeared and formed a
bridge, by which Pokou and her people crossed to the other side. |
|
1710-18 Regent
Dowager Countess Christiane Marie Hedwig zur Lippe zu Brake of
Bentheim-Tecklenburg Steinfurt and Limpurg, Lady of Linge,
Rheda, Wefflinghoffen, Hoya Alpen und Helffenstein, Hereditary
Guardian of C�llin (Germany) |
Second wife of Friedrich Moritz zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg (1653-1710)
and regent for son her only son Moritz Kasimir I (1701-68).
In
official documents, she used the title "wittiben Grafin zu Bentheim,
Tecklenburg, Steinfurt und Limburg, Frau zu Linge, Rheda,
Wefflinghoffen, Hoya Alpen und Helffenstein, Erb Voigtin Zu C�lln,
gebohren Gr�fin und Edle Fraue Zur Lippe, Confirmirte Vorm�nderin und
Regentin pp."
She lived (1669-1738). |
|
1710-18 Regent
Dowager
Countess Christine von Mecklenburg-G�strow of Stolberg-Wernigerode, Hohnsteinschen Forst, Gedern and
Schwarza (Germany) |
As
her husband Ludwig Christian zu
Stoberg-Gedern-Schwarza und Hohnstein
and brother-in-law Ernst zu Stolberg-Wernigerode
died soon after each other, her 3 surviving sons,
hristian Ernst zu
Stolberg-Wernigerode, Friedrich Karl zu Stolberg-Gedern
and Heinrich August zu Stolberg-Schwarza,
each inherited parts of the counties. In Wernigerode she was regent
for her oldest son, Christian Ernst, with confirmation of Emperor
Joseph until 1714 and for the
youngest until 1718.
In spite of the fact that her duties as regent
meant that she had to travel a lot, she also collected a large
library and was in close contact with her relatives in
Denmark,
Brandenburg
and various Saxon lines.
In order to prevent the citizen getting drunk and engaging in
fights, she issued a decree closing all inns on holidays. King
Friedrich Wilhelm I. von Preu�en protested against this in 1713, but
she managed to persuade him to accept her decision. She maintained
an extensive correspondence with several of the influential
Pietistic theologians of the time. She gave birth to
23 children with in 21 years: Gustav Adolf (born and dead January
1684), a daughter (born and dead in 1684), Gustav Ernst (1685-89),
Friederike Charlotte zu Solms-Laubach (1686-1739), Emilie Auguste zu
Stolberg-Rossla (1687-1730), Christine Luise (1688- August 1691),
Albertine Antonie (1689-August 1691), Karl Ludwig (1689- August
1691), Gustave Magdalene (1690-March 1691), Christian Ernst zu
Stolberg-Wernigerode (1691-1771), Christine Eleonore zu
Isenburg-B�dingen in B�dingen (1692-1745), Friedrich Karl zu
Stolberg-Gedern (1693-1767), Ernestine Wilhelmine zu
Isenburg-B�dingen in W�chtersbach (1695-1759), Ludwig Adolf
(1697-98), Heinrich August zu Stolberg-Schwarza (1697-1748),
Friederike Luise (1696-97), Sophie Christiane (1698-1771),
Ferdinande Henriette zu Erbach-Sch�nberg (1699-1750) Rudolf Lebrecht
(1701-02), Ludwig Christian (September-November 1701), Auguste Marie
(1702-68) (a Canoness in Heford, created F�rstin in 1742), Karoline
Adolfine (1704-07) and Philippine Luise zu Isenburg-Philippseich
(1705-44). She was the 5th daughter of Duke Gustav Adolf zu
Mecklenburg-G�strow and Magdalene Sibylle von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
and lived (1663-1749). |
|
1710-28 Sovereign Marchioness Marie Anne Henriette Leopoldine
de La Tour d'Auvergne
of Bergen op Zoom (The Netherlands) |
Also known as Marie Henr�tte, she succeeded father, Francois Egon de La Tour d'Auvergne, Count
d'Auvergne et d'Oliergues and from 1722 she reigned jointly with
husband Prince Johann Christian Joseph von der Pfalz-Sulzbach, who was
succeeded by their son, Karl Phillip Theodor, Pfalzgraf and Kurf�rst
von der Pfalz in 1742 and Kurf�rst of Bayern in 1777. He was as under
the regency of her mother, Maria Anna van Arenberg. She lived
(1708-28). |
|
1710-22 Guardian and Administrator Dowager Marchioness Maria
Anna van Arenberg en Aarschot of Bergen op Zoom and Walhain (The Netherlands) |
After the death of her husband, she acted as regent for her daughter,
Maria Henri�tte de la Tour d'Auvergne. According to some sources Maria
Anna's mother acted as regent for Maria Henrietta's son Karel Philip
Theodoor van Sulzbach from 1728. She was daughter of Philippe Charles
Fran�ois d'Arenberg, 3rd Duke of Arenberg, Duke d'Aerschot and Donna Maria
Enrietta del Caretto, Marchesa di Savona y Grana (Marie-Henriette
d'Alcaretto, marquise de Grana e Savona), and lived
(1689-1736). |
|
1710-32 Sovereign Countess Christiane Luise von
Ostfriesland-Rietberg-Cirsena of Criechingen, Lady of Rollingen
et cetera (Germany) |
Christiane Luise von Ostfriesland, Erbin von Criechingen was only little more than one month old when her father, Count
Friedrich Ulrich von Ostfriesland, Graf von Rietberg, died. He had succeeded his brother three
years earlier, who again had succeeded their mother, Countess Anna Dorothea
von Criechingen in 1705. Christine Louise's mother was Marie Charlotte
von Ostfriesland (1689-1761). Gr�fin Christina Luise von Ostfriesland,
Erbin von Criechingen, Rollingen, etc, later married Johann Ludwig von Wied
zu Runkel (1705-1762) and died after giving birth to her second
child, and first son, Christian Ludwig, who survived and had
children with his wife, Charlotte Sophie Auguste von
Sayn-Wittegenstein. She lived (1710-32). |
|
1710-26 Regent Dowager
Countess Marie Charlotte von Ostfriesland
of Criechingen, Rollingen
et cetera (Germany) |
Regent for her daughter
Christiane Louise (1710-32) until the daughter married Prince Johann Ludwig von Wied-Runkel.
She was 3rd of the 10 children of Christian Eberhard I von
Ostfriesland and Eberdine Sofie von Oettingen-Oettingen, and lived
(1689-1761)
. |
|
1710-38 Princesse-Abbesse B�atrix Hi�ronyme de Lorraine-Lillebonne
of Remiremont (France) |
B�atrice Hi�ronyme de Lorraine
was known as the "Mademoiselle de Lillebonne",
she had lived in the entourage of the Grand Dauphin at Versailles,
before she was named coadjutrice in 1705-11. She was daughter of Charles IV de Lorraine
and B�atrix de Cusance. She built a Hospital for the sick, poor and orphans, and lived (1662-1738). |
|
1710-17 Guardian Regent Dowager Countess Erdmuthe Benigna zu
Solms-Laubach of Reuss zu Ebersdorf (Germany) |
She
was guardian for son, Heinrich XXIIX after the death of her husband,
Heinrich X. Some male relatives were regents.
She lived
(1670-1732). |
|
1710-25 Joint Guardian Dowager Countess Dorothea Renata von
Zinzendorf und Pottendorf
of
Castell-Remlingen (Germany) |
After the death of her husband, Graf Wolfgang Dietrich zu
Castell-Remlingen, she was joint guardian for son, Ludwig Friedrich
Graf und Herr zu Castell-Remlingen (1707-10-72). She was the aunt of
the founder and leader of the Herrnhuts Count Nikolaus Ludwig von
Zinzendorf (1700-1760).
His
guardian was Graf Friedrich Eberhard zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg, and lived
(1669-1743). |
|
1710-11 and 1718-20 Reigning Abbess-General In�s de Osio y
Mendoza of the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in
Burgos (Spain) |
Her
full title was "noble Lady, the superior, prelate, and lawful
administratrix in spirituals and temporals of the royal abbey". |
|
1711-37 Sovereign Duchess Anna Ivanovna in Livonia of Kurland
and Semigallia (Latvia)
1730-40 Imperatitsa Regnant Anna Ivanovna of Russia |
Her
husband, Friedrich-Wilhelm of Kurland, died after two months of
marriage in 1711, leaving her as reigning Duchess. 19 years later the
Privy Council offered her the Russian throne on certain conditions,
which reduced the autocratic powers, but unrest ensued and she was
made to repudiate the restrictions. Having become a full autocratic
Empress, she dissolved the supreme privy council. She had patience and
common-sense but preferred to sign official documents unread and leave
the ruling to two Germans, Field Marshall Muennich and Count Ostermann.
However, these were soon eclipsed by the Empress's lover, Ernst
Buehren, or Biron, whom she brought to Russia. She had a taste for
guns and enjoyed shooting through windows at birds in her garden. Lazy
and easily bored, she surrounded herself with gossiping women, dwarfs
and hunchbacks. Zarina or Zaritsa Anna lived (1693-1740). |
|
1711-33 Governor Dowager Princess Maria Louise von
Hessen-Kassel of Friesland, Groningen, Drente and Gelderland (The
Netherlands)
1732-65 Baroness of IJsselstein
1759-65 Governor of Friesland |
Her
husband Johan Willem Friso van Oranje-Nassau, had been non-hereditary
Stadtholder of the Netherlands, and she was in charge of the government
as Acting Stadtholder in parts of the country first for her son son, Willem IV,
Price of Oranje and Nassau and then for Grandson Willem V, after the
death of his mother, Princess Anne. Her Dutch title as regent was
Gouvernante der Nederlanden (Governess). Her regency took place during the
Twenty Years War, and she was very popular in Friesland and known as
warm and friendly and was involved in social work.
The barony of IJsselstein was part of the Oranje-Nassau inheritance
but the Staten-Generaal challenged the inheritance, but she managed
the barony and was later given it as a present. Known as Marijke Meu
(Aunty Marijke), she was the sister of Friedrich, who became king of
Sweden in 1720 after the abdication of his wife, Queen Ulrika Eleonora,
and lived (1688-1765). |
|
1711 Regent Dowager Empress Eleonora-Magdalena
von
der Pfalz-Neuburg of Austria and Hungary
et
cetera |
The
widow Emperor Leopold I (1640-57-1705), she was regent for son Karl VI
until his arrival from Spain, where he reigned as Carlos III, in order
to succeed his brother, Joseph I, whose two daughters, Maria Josefa
and Maria Amalia, were passed over in the succession but later
contested the succession of Karl�s daughter Maria-Theresia in 1740.
Eleonora lived (1655-1720). |
|
1711-14 Stadtholder and General-Captain Elisabeta Cristina von
Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel of Arag�n, Catalunya and Valencia (Spain)
1735 Politically Influential in Austria |
1708 she married Carlos III of Spain, who was only in control of
Arag�n, Catalo�a and Valencia during the succession-war between the
Habsburgs and Borbons, and acted as regent during his absences. In
1711 he succeeded his brother, Josef I as Emperor Karl VI, and left
for Austria. After the victory of the Bourbons she joined her husband.
In 1716 she gave birth to a son, who died soon after. The following
year the later Empress Maria Theresia was born and two other daughters
followed. It was only in 1735 that she gained political influence,
forming a party against the Spanish Council in Vienna, but also her
daughter kept her away from the government.
She lived
(1691-1750). |
|
1711
Abbess Nullius
Giuditta Pascale of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
Listed in the alternative list of Abbesses.
1709 the ancient ceremony where the clergy paid public homage to the Abbess was
modified and toned down. |
|
1711-13
Princess-Abbess Maria Eva
Rosa von R�merstal of Sch�nis
(Switzerland) |
1712 she fled from troops to Z�rich into exile
into the interior of Switzerland, and in the meantime Maria Anna
Margaretha von Wessenberg acted as Regent. The daughter of Johann
Wilhelm von R�merstal, Chief Forester of the Bishop of Basel, and
Klara Margarethe von Reinach, and the French version of her name was
Marie Eve Rose de Rombeveaux. |
|
1712 Acting
Princess-Abbess
Maria Anna Margaretha von Wessenberg of Sch�nis
(Switzerland) |
As the only one to remain in the chapter when the F�rst�btissin and
the other canonisses fled from the troops from Z�rich she acted as
Stadtholder (Statthalterin) from May to August. |
|
1712-24 Acting Governor Hannah Callowhill Penn of The Colony of
Penn (British Possession in the USA) |
The
King of England gave her husband the lands in 1693. In 1712 he was
paralyzed and she became acting governor or Proprietor of the Colony
of Penn. He died in 1718 but his son (her stepson) did not �take
power� until 1724. The last of the Penn-family to rule the state of
Pennsylvania was deposed in 1776. She lived (1671-1727). |
|
1712-72 Hereditary Duchess Maria Theresia von und zu Liechtenstein of Troppau (Czech Republic)
1769-72 Head of the
Herzoglich
Savoyschen Damenstiftes in Wien (Austria) |
Also known as
Maria Teresa Anna Felicita di Liechtenstein, Marie-Th�r�se de Savoie
or
Marie
Terezie
Savojsk� v�vodkyně z Lichten�tejna, she became heir of the Duchy of
Troppau through her father,
F�rst Johann Adam Ulrich
von und zu Liechtenstein (1662-1712), who purchased the Counties of Vaduz and Schellenberg,
the core of the present day's principality. Both her 2 brothers died young
she married
Tommaso Emanuele de Savoie-Carignan
(Savoia-Carignano), Count of Soissons, Governor of
Antwerben (1687-1729) and after his death she took up residence at her family's
castle in Bohemia, �kvorec and 1769 she
founded the The Ducal Savoyan
Ladies' Chapter in Vienna - Her son,
Eugene Jean Fran�ois de Soissons was Duke of Troppau (1714-29-34), and married
Duchess Maria Teresa di Massa e Carra, but he died before they ever met.
After his death, her sister-in-law, Marie Anne Victoria, became heiress of
Soissons, and Troppau reverted to the Princely family of
Liechtenstein. She lived (1694-1772) |
|
1712-14 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Margravine
Elisabeth Sophie von Brandenburg of Neustadt Erlangen in
Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Germany) |
Had been given the domain by her husband, Margrave Christian Ernst in
1703 and was very influential in the design of the castle, the garden
and the Orangerie, until she married a second time in 1714, and lived
(1674-1748). |
|
1712-30 Reigning Dowager Lady
Dowager Duchess Friederike Elisabeth von Sachsen-Eisenach of the
Castle and Office of Dryburg in Langensalza in Sachsen-Weissenfels-Querfurt
(Germany) |
Secured strong social accents to the reforms of her husband, Johann
Georg of Sachsen-Wei�enfels-Querfurt (1677-97-1712). Her only son
and 3 oldest daughters died as infants. Only Johanna Magdalene
(1708-60), survived into adulthood and married Ferdinand Kettler,
Duke of Kurland and Semgallen, but they did not have any children.
The youngest daughter, Friederike Amalia, was born 2 weeks before
her father passed, died at the age of 2. She was Daughter of Duke
Johann Georg I von Sachsen-Eisenach and Countess Johanetta von
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn, and lived (1669-1730) |
|
1712-36 Reigning Dowager Lady
Dowager Countess Charlotte Wilhelmine von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld of the Office and Caste of
Babenhausen in Hanau-M�nzenberg (Germany) |
Administered her dowey after the death of her
husband, Count Philipp Reinhard von
Hanau-M�nzenberg (1664−1712), but after
the death of the last Count of Hanau and the the incorporation of
the County into Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt, she took up
residence in a palais in the Old City of
Hanau. She did not have any children, and lived (1685-1767). |
|
1712-21 Titular Duchess Anna Sophie Reventlow of Slesvig,
Countess of Vall� (Denmark) |
Married to the "left hand" in a morganatic marriage to king Frederik (1671-99-1730) and the day
after the death of his first wife, Louise of Mecklenburg-G�strow in
1721, they got legally married and she was crowned Queen - as the only
non-royal so far in Denmark. She was given different estates and
lands, among other the County of Vall�, but after the king's death she
was sent in internal exile at Clausholm Castle, her dowry, by her stepson,
Christian VI. She was mother of six children who all died in infancy
and lived (1693-1743). |
|
1712-13 Princess-Abbess Marie Elisabeth zu
Mecklenburg-Schwerin of Gandersheim (Germany) |
Regent of the Chapter of R�hn in Mecklenburg 1705-12 and held the office of Dechaness of
Gandersheim before becoming its Sovereign. She was daughter of Duke
Adolf Friedrich I and Marie Katharina von Braunschweig-Dannenberg (1616-1665).
Her oldest sister, Sophie Agnes was Regent of R�hn 1654-94, another,
Christine was Princess-Abbess of Gandersheim 1681-93 and Juliane
Sibylle was also Regent of R�hn 1695-1701. She lived
(1646-1713). |
|
1712-42 Princess-Abbess
Maria C�cilia II Constanza Schmid of Heggbach
(Germany) |
She
managed to pay off most of the heavy depths of the chapter, but
the production buildings were hit by lightening and all the
stock burned down to the ground. She wrote to a large number of
neighbouring convents - including Gutenzell and Buchau
and received plenty of donations. 1713 Emperor Karl VI of Austria
confirmed the privileges of the chapter, but the following year she
wrote to the Abbesses of Baindt, Gutenzell and Rottenm�nster
threatening to withdraw from the College of Prelates of the Realm (Reichspr�latenkollegium)
if it would bear only financial obligations and no advantages to stay
member, and she continued the disputes with the cities and other
inhabitants of the territory, because of the taxes imposed by the
Realm, and she feared for her position as Princess of the Realm. At
the time of her reign the territory covered around 50 square
kilometres and 1.718 inhabitants. She lived (1671-1742). |
|
1713-24 Regent Dowager Countess
Isabella Justina von Hoorn of Bentheim und Steinfurt (Germany) |
Isabella Justine van Horne
was the
widow of Count Ernst (1661-93-1713), she was regent for Friedrich
Belgicus Karl (1703-13-33),
and she
was addressed as Highborn Countess of the Realm, Graciously Reigning
Countess and Lady
(Hochgeborene
Reichsgr�fin! Gn�digst regierende Gr�fin und Frau).
1716 she ended the long dispute with the Bishop of M�nster, who
finally recognized the sovereignty of the County in present day's
Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony). She had inherited the Lordships of
Bratenburg, Kessel, Bicht, Oedekirchen in from her father in 1694 in
the Netherlands. She lived (1661-1734). |
|
1713-19 Payung e-ri Luwu Fatima Batara Tongke of Luwu
(Indonesia) |
Succeeded father, Muhammad Muizuddin To Palaguna, and was succeeded by
the daughter of her father's sister, Batari Toja. After Batari Toris
death, Fatima's own daughter, We Tenrileleang Aisyah Bahjatuddin,
succeeded to the throne. |
|
1713-22 Regent Dowager Countess Sophia Eleonora von
Limpurg-Gaildorf-Schmiedelfeld of Limpurg (Germany) |
After the death of her husband, Count Vollrath Schenk of Limpurg, she
became regent against her own will. Four days after his death a
representative of the Prussian king claimed the lands, since only 5
daughters had survived. Troops were placed in the county, which
withdrew after pressure from Emperor Karl VI. Apart from Volrath's 5 daughters, their
3 cousins were co-heirs of the Schenken von
Limpurg (since 1705), but they could not claim their inheritance
because of the Prussian claims until 1746/48, and it was not until
1775 their grandchildren agreed on a division of the lands in ten new
lines: Limpurg-Gr�ningen, Limpurg-Obersontheim, Limpurg-Michelbach
Limpurg-Schmiedelfeld, Limpurg-Gaildorf, Limpurg-Gaildorf-Wurmbrand,
Limpurg-Gaildorf-Solms-Assenheim, Limpurg-Gaildorf-Rechteren and
Limpurg-Gaildorf-Sch�nburg-Waldenburg. Sophia Eleonora (d. 1722). |
|
1713-35 Joint Sovereign Countess Wilhelmina Sofia zu
Limpurg-Sontheim of the Amt Schmiedefeld within the County of Limpurg-Sontheim (Germany) |
Oldest daughter of Vollrath
von Limpurg-Speckfeld zu Obersontheim and married
to Graf Rudolf von Pr�sing (d. 1718), and succeeded by daughter,
Juliane Franziska. |
|
1713-46 Joint Sovereign Countess Christiane Magdalena zu
Limburg-Sontheim of the Amt Gr�ningen within the County of Limpurg-Sontheim
(the Lordship of
Limpurg Gr�ningen)
(Germany) |
Second daughter of Vollrath von Limpurg-Sontheim
she married
to Ludwig-Georg von Hessen-Homburg, and was succeeded by daughter, Maria Friederike
von Hessen-Homburg. |
|
1713-38 Joint Sovereign Countess Sophia Eleonora zu
Limpurg-Sontheim of
the Amt Michelbach within the County of Limpurg-Sontheim (Germany) |
Third daughter of Vollrath, Lord zu Limpurg-Sontheim, a number of acts
exists from her administration of her fiefs. She was married
to Friedrich-Karl von Erbach (d. 1731) and succeeded by two daughters
Sophia Christine and Friederike. She lived (1695-1738). |
|
1713-46 Joint Sovereign Countess Am�ne Sophia I zu
Limpurg-Sontheim of the Amt Obersontheim within the County of Limpurg-Sontheim (Germany) |
Fourth daughter of Vollrath, Lord zu Limpurg-Sontheim, she was married
to Heinrich-Friedrich zu L�wenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg, and was succeeded by a
number of sons among others Johann-Ludwig-Vollrath and
Friedrich-Ludwig, who married the daughters of her sister Sophia
Eleonora: Friederike and Sophia-Christine. Her two daughters, Am�ne
Sophia II and Karoline Christiane also shared the inheritance. Am�ne
Sophia I lived (1684-1746). |
|
1713-57 Joint Sovereign Countess Friederika Augusta zu
Limpurg-Sontheim of a Portion of Limpurg-Sontheim - the Lordship of
Limpurg-Schmeidenfeld-Speckfeld
(Germany) |
Fifth daughter of daughter of Vollrath, Lord zu Limpurg-Sontheim, she
was married to Christian-Heinrich von Sch�nburg-Waldenburg (d. 1753)
and succeeded by daughter, Sophie Henriette Freiderike. The County of Limpurg-Sontheim had
one vote in the Bench of the Fr�nkische Gr�fen (Frankish Counts),
which had a joint vote in the Council of Princes in the Imperial Diet
(Reichstag), which became known as the "Seat of the countly Limpurgian
Allodial-heirs". She lived (1682-1757) |
|
1713-49 Reigning
Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess
Sophie Charlotte von Hessen-Kassel of the
Administrative Office and Castle of B�tzow in Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Germany) |
When her husband,
Friedrich Wilhelm von Mecklenburg-Grabow-Schwerin
(1688-1713) died, she set up a court in her dowry, which formed a
small German Reformed congregation, which survived after her death.
She was daughter of Landgrave Karl Hesse-Kassel (1654-1730) and Maria
Amalia of Kurland (1653 to 1711), daughter of Duke Jacob Kettler of
Kurland, had no chldren and lived (1678-1749). |
|
1713-48 Reigning
Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Anna Friederike Philippine von
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg of Neustadt an der Orla in
Sachsen-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt (Germany) |
Widow of Friedrich Heinrich von Sachsen-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt
and joint guardian for her son Moritz Adolf Karl (1702-59), who chose to become
a catholic cleric and was first bishop of K�niggr�tz and then of Leitmeritz, and
he resigned from the Duchy. It seems that she continued to be in charge of the
City and Office of Neustadt. She was daughter of Duke Philipp Ludwig von
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg and Anna Margaretha von Hessen-Homburg.
(1665-1748). |
|
1713-66 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth Ernestine Antonie zu
Sachsen-Meiningen of Gandersheim (Germany) |
During her reign the Chapter of the Realm (Reichsabtei), experienced a
revival. She had set up her permanent residence in the Stift and used
her funds on expanding the church and other institutions and she was a
great sponsor of arts and science and baroque culture. She also
collected a large library and built a number of baroque buildings. She
defended the independence of the chapter against the interventions of
the duke of Braunschweig and his use of "Our Chapter" or "Princely
Chapter" stressing that Gandersheim was an "ancient Imperial Free
Worldly Chapter." She
was daughter of Duke Bernhard I of Saxe-Meiningen and his second wife
Elisabeth Eleonore von Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel, and lived
(1681-1766). |
|
1713-35 Princess-Abbess Maria Clara Salom� von Roggenbach of
Sch�nis (Switzerland) |
Because of a serious mental inless a Reigning
Coadjutorin was installed 1722 until she resigned from office. The
Daughter of Johann Franz von Roggenbach, of a noble Austrian family
living in the Diocese of Basel, and Maria Jacobe M�nch von
Rosenberg. She lived (1668-1736). |
|
1713-49
Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Sofia Charlotte von
Hessen-Kassel of the Administrative
Office of B�tzow in
Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Germany) |
After the death of her husband, Duke
Friederich Wilhelm zu Mecklenburg in Schwerin, she took over her
dorwy, the Amt B�tzow-Land, where
she set up a court, which formed a
small German Reformed congregation that survived after her death.
She did not have any children but her husband had at least 9 with
different mistresses. She was daughter of Landgraf Karl von
Hessen-Kassel, and lived (1678-1749). |
|
1713-19 Politically Influential
Marianna Bielińska Denhoff Lubomirska in Poland |
During her time as Maitresse of king Augustus II
the Strong, she cooperated close with the French Ambassador Jean
Besenval and persuade Augustus to conclude an alliance with Ludwik
XIV in 1714. Her first marriage to Bogusław Ernest D�nhoff ended in
divorce in 1719 and later she married George Ignatius Lubomirski.
She was daughter of Grand Marshal Crown Kazimierz Louis Bieliński
(d. 1713), the head pro-french party in Poland, and lived (circa
1685-1730)
. |
|
1714-1715, 1720, 1724-1738 and 1741-1749 H.H. Bata-ri Toja Daeng
Talaga Arung Timurung Datu-ri CittaSultana Zainab Zakiat ud-din
binti al-Marhum Sultan Idris Azim ud-din, Arumpone of Bone
1715 and 1728-1738 Datu of Soppeng
1719-20 Datu of Luwu (Indonesia)
|
Succeeded her father, H.H. La Patau Paduka Sri Sultan Idris. Styled
Datu Chita and Arung Timurang before her
accession and during the times she had vacated the throne. First
abdicated in favour of her brother. After his deposition she again
became ruler, but abdicated immediately in favour of her eldest
half-brother. Restored for the third time on his deposition, in 1724.
Married to Sultan Muharram Harun ar-Rashid of Sumbawa, Prince
Pabukajuwa of Bone and Datu Ulaweng, Arung Zallieng, Adatuwang of
Sidenreng, who was Regent of Bone 1724-1725, and finally to Daeng
Mamuntuli, Arung Kayu, Regent of Bone 1726-1728. All but the third
marriage ended in Divorce. Her ceremonial name was Matinro�-ri
Tipuluna, she had no children and was succeeded by a female relative,
Siti Nafisha, and lived (1687-1749). |
|
1714-41 Member of the Council of State Princess Ulrika Eleonora
of Sweden
1714 Regent of Sweden
1718-20 By the Grace of Good, Sweden's, the Goths and Wend's
Queen, Grand Duchess of Finland, Duchess of Sk�ne, Estonia,
Livonia, Carelia, Bremen, Behrden, Stettin, Pommerania, Cas�ben and
Wenden, Princess of R�gen, Lady over Ingermanland and
Wissmar
1731 and 1738 Regent of Sweden et cetera |
Generally known as Ulrika Eleonora the Younger, she was in charge of
the government a number of times during the reign of her brother Karl
XII. After his death, she had his confidante, the unpopular Baron
Goertz arrested, and - after accepting a number of conditions - she
was proclaimed Queen by the estates. These conditions limited royal
power; they are regarded being a contract between sovereign and
people. Actually, power shifted to the Rigsr�d (Council of the Realm),
which was responsible to the estates. The privileges obtained by the
estates limited royal power so far, that Sweden in fact became an
aristocratic republic. She abdicated in favour of her husband,
Friedrich von Hessen (1676-1720-51), because she came at odds with the
Parliament. She acted as regent both for brother and later for
husband, who was succeeded by a son of a sister of hers. She lived
(1688-1741). |
|
1714-21 Governor Ann Andros of Alderney (United Kingdom Crown
Dependency) |
Followed her father George Andros on the post. He had succeeded his
uncle, Sir Edmund Andros, who had been granted Alderney for 99 years
at an annual rent of about 13 pounds in 1683, then year before. Sir
Edmund then delegated his powers to Thomas Le Mesurier to whom he was
related by marriage as he had been appointed Governor of New York.
According to one source, the island passed to his two daughters and
when they both died by 1721 to his sister Ann. Other sources report
that John Le Mesurier became Governor in 1714 in the right of his
wife, and when he died in 1722 the island passed to Peter Le Mesurier.
Ann Le Mesurier died in 1729 and her eldest son Henry became
Governor. She lived (1684-1721). |
|
1714-46 De-Facto Joint Ruler Queen Isabel Farnesio of Spain
1759 Regent Dowager Queen |
Born as Elisabetta Farnese di Parma, Elizabeth Farnese was regent
until her son, Carlos III, arrived in Spain from The Two Sicilies
after the death of her stepson Fernando III (1713-46-59). In 1714
she had married Philip V of Spain (1683-1746) who was was afflicted by
fits of manic depression and increasingly fell victim to a deep
melancholia, and she quickly
obtained complete influence over him.
The Triple Alliance thwarted her plans to
recover the ancient Italian possessions of Spain,
and at length in 1720 the allies made the banishment of Cardinal
Alberoni a condition of peace. Sicily also had to be evacuated. And
finally, all her entreaties failed to prevent the abdication of
Philip, who in 1724 gave up the throne to his son by his first wife,
Louis, who however died after seven months and he was recalled to the
throne. During his later years, when he was nearly imbecile, she
directed the whole policy of Spain so as to secure thrones in Italy
for her sons. In 1736 her son Don Carlos became king of the Two
Sicilies. Her second son, Philip, inherited the Duchy of Parma via her
after the death of her father, Odoardo II of Parma. The mother of 7
children, she lived
(1692-1766). |
|
1714-41 Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Sofie Amalie Ahlefeldt
possibly of S�nderborg in
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (Denmark and Germandy) |
After the death of her husband, Frederik
Vilhelm of Slesvig-Holsten-S�nderborg-Augustenborg (1668-1714), she
administered her dowry, possibly S�nderborg Castle, where she died.
She was daughter of Frederik Ahlefeldt, Count of Langeland and Maria
Elisabeth Gr�fin zu Leiningen-Daghesburg-Hardenburg, and lived
(1668-1741) |
|
1714-35 Major Landowner Princess Sophie Hedevig af Danmark |
The
daughter of King Christian 5. (1646-99) she inherited a number of
estates from her mother, Charlotte Amalie von Hessen-Kassel
(1650-1714). She exchanged the estates of Gjorslev and Erikstrup for
Dronninglund, Dronningg�rd and B�rglumkloster in Jutand. Went into
internal "exile" at the estate of Vemmetofte in the south of Denmark
in 1721 when her brother, Frederik 4., married Anne-Sophie Reventlow
the day after his first wife died. Together with her other brother Carl she
set up a court with at least 70 members. When Carl died in 1729 she
also inherited Vemmetofte, H�jstrup and Charlottenborg, but also his
large depths, which she managed to pay off. The following year, her
nephew, Christian 6. Succeeded to the throne and gave her an appange
and Sorgenfri Slot with among others Frederiksdal. Her religious and
social engagement manifested itself by opening schools for the
peasants at her estates. As a child she was engaged to Electoral
Prince Johann Georg von Sachsen, but he broke it off and attempts to
arrange a marriage to Carl XII and later again to Emperor Joseph I
also failed, the latter because she would not convert to Catholism.
There are rumours that she entered a secret marriage with her
long-time companion Count C.A. von Plessen, but officially she never
married. In her will she stipulated that Vemmetofte and H�jstrup with
surrounding estates should become a chapter for noble ladies in one of
the three first classes (Adeligt Jomfrukloster). She lived (1677-1735). |
|
1715 Regent Queen Brhat Maha Kshatriyi of Cambodia |
Born as Princess Brhat Maha Kshatriyi and granted
the title of Akka Maha Sri in 1700, she was elder
daughter of King Jaya Jatha IV. In charge of the government during the
reign of her husband Ang Em (1674-1731), who was in office 1699-1701
and 1710-22. |
|
1715-22 Regent Johanna Katharina von Montfort of the County of
Bergh (The Netherlands) |
In
1712 the family of Van den Bergh ('s-Heerenberg) died out and the
county was inherited by the family of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen,
through her mother-in-law, Marie Klara van den Bergh (1635-1715), the
wife of Prince Maximillian von Hohenzollern. Johanna's younger son,
Franz Wilhelm Nikolaus, was granted the title and after the death of
her husband, Prince Meinrad II Karl Anton, (1673-1715), she took over
the reins. In 1718, she granted the Prussian Commissar of War, Dozem
zu Kleve, several manorhouses as fief.
Her
oldest son was Prince Josef Franz Ernst Meinhard Karl Anton von
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1702-69).
Johanna von Montfort lived (1678-1759). |
|
1715-28 Princess-Abbess Lambertina C�cilia de Renesse d'Elderen
of Munsterbilzen, Dame of Wellen, Haccourt, Hallembaye and
Kleine-Spouwen (Belgium) |
After the death of
her predecessor,
Anna Leonora, she quickly took the reigns and was elected abbess the
following year. She also used the title of Princess,
but unlike earlier,
the Prince-Bishop of Li�ge did not protest, perhaps because her
brother, Maximiliaan Hendrik van Renesse, was Grand-Bailiff of the
County of Loon, Head of the nobility of Li�ge and Secretary and
Advisor of the Prince-Bishop. The internal disputes between different
factions within the chapter continued in spite of the difficult
financial situation. She was daughter of Georg Frederik de Renesse and
Anna Margarethe von Bocholtz, and lived 1670-1728). |
|
1715-18 Reigning Abbess-General Teresa Barad�n de Oxinalde of
the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
Exercised an unlimited secular authority over more than fifty
villages, held her own courts, granted letters dismissorial for
ordination, and issued licenses authorizing priests, within the limits
of her abbatial jurisdiction. |
|
1715-29 Reigning Dowager Lady
Dowager Duchess Emilie Agnes Reu� zu Schleiz of the Administrative
Office and Castle of Dahme in Sachsen-Weissenfels and F�rstlich
Drehna and Vetschau in Brandenburg (Germany) |
After the death of her second husband, Duke
Friedrich von Sachsen-Weissenfels-Dahme (1673-1715), she took up
residence at the Castle of Dahme - that had been given to her
husband as a younger son in the Weissenfels-family - it had
previously been held as dorwy of his mother, Johanna Walpurgis
of Leiningen-Westerburg. Later she also used the Lordships of Drehna
and Vetschau from her first marriage to Reichsgraf Balthasar Erdmann
von Promnitz zu Ple� auf Sorau und Triebel (1656-1703). She did not have any children in her second
marriage. She was daughter of Heinrich I Reuss zu Schleiz and
Countess Esther von Hardegg auf Glatz und im Machlande, and lived
(1667-1729). |
|
1715-? The Iyoba of Uselu in Benin (Nigeria) |
Mother of Akenzua I of Benin (1713-35). As Queen Mother she was a
senior town chief. She lived in her own palace outside the capital.
She did not appear in public and did not have an official role in the
political system, but she was always "consulted" by important
political decisions, and her vote was necessary in the political
decision process. As widow of the former king and mother of the
present, she was given semi-male status. She had a "wife" with the
title of Amoda, she was surrounded by Amada, naked boys and had a
whole court of officeholders. |
|
1716 and 1742-50 Regent Queen Mariana de Austria of Portugal |
In
1742 her husband, Jo�o V (1689-1709-50) was hit by a stroke and
assisted by advisors, she was in charge of the government until his
death eight years later, during a period of economic stagnation and
decay of the state institutions. She was daughter of Emperor Leopold
I of Austria, was mother of five children, and lived (1683-1754). |
|
1716-35 Datuk We Pattekketana Faeng Tanisanga of Tanette
(Indonesia) |
Succeeded her father, Mappajanci Daeng Matayan (circa 1677-1716), and
married Muhammad Muizuddin of Luwu (1704-1713), who was succeeded as
Datu of Luwu by their daughter. We Pattekketana was succeeded by their
daughters grandson, who in 1747 was again succeeded by sister, We
Tenrileleang Aisyah Bahjatuddin, ruler of Luwu from 1734. |
|
1716-22 Regent Dowager Countess Charlotte Sibylle von Ahlefeldt of
Solms-R�delheim und Assenheim (Germany) |
As guardian (vormundschaftliche Regentin) for her son,
Lothar Wilhelm Ernst (1703-22) she filed a case at the Reichskammergericht
against her brother-in-law
Ludwig Heinrich over the inheritance of the territories of the Lorship of Cratz
von von Scharffenstein in 1718, 2 years after the death of her husband, Georg
Ludwig. The case closed when Lothar died in an accident and she reached a
settlement with Ludwig for her and her 2 daughters, the Countesses Catharina
Polyxena epous� zu Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg ((1702-65) and Maria Sophia
Eleonora Wilhelmina epouse zu Wartenberg, got financial compensation, but they
did not sell their part of the Cratz-inheritance to R�delheim until a few years
later. She was daughter of Friederich von Ahlefeld-Rixingen and Maria-Elisabeth
zu Leiningen and lived (1672-1726). |
|
After 1716 Pretender Elena of the
Kingdom of Kongo (Angola) |
After the restoration of the kingdom in 1709, and
King Pedro IV's power sharing scheme, the Kinlaza shared power with
the other branches. Its northern branch, founded by her brother, Jo�o
II, who Mbula or Lamba 1680-1716, made a claim on the throne, but the
branch of this family that supported Pedro IV and opposed her claim to
the throne in the 1710s. And this branch eventually becake kings of
the reunited Kingdom of Kongo when Garcia IV came to power in 1743. |
|
Circa
1716-40 Kpojito Adonon of Abomey (Benin)
|
Reign mate of the kings Akaba and Agaja. She appears to have
been the first Kpojito, a title which is translated as Queen Mother,
but it literally means "the one who helped the Leopard", and her role
was to serve as compliment to the king and in some aspects as his
double, not the least in the spiritual world. The woman elected to
this office was normally not related to the king. She was widow of
king Wegbaja. She also served as priest for Aligbonon - mother of
Akaba and Agaja, and thereby helped legitimizing the rule of their
lineage. |
|
1717-27 Member of the Regency Council
the Dowager Maharani
of Tehri
Garhwal
(India) |
After the death of her husband, Maharaja Upendra Shah Sahib Bahadur, she reigned
together with Puran Pal/Puriya Naithani for her son Maharaja Pradip Shah
Sahib Bahadur (1709-17-72). |
|
1717-31 Governor Violante Beatrice di Bavi�re of the City and
State of Siena (Italy) |
Following
the death of her husband, Ferdinando de' Medici, Hereditary Prince of
Toscana (in 1713), she was appointed Governatrice of the city, while
his brother, Gian Gastone succeeded his father, Cosimo III as Grand
Duke of Toscana in 1723 - he was the last male member of the de'
Medici-family. She was engaged in the revival of the cultural and
economical life of Sienna. Born as Beatrix of Bayern, she was daughter
of Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria and Adelaide Henriette of
Savoia, and lived (1673-1731). |
|
1717-76 Princess-Abbess Franziska Christine von der
Pfalz-Sulzbach of Thorn, Lady of Thorn, Ittervoort, Grathem,
Baexem, Stramproy, Ell, Haler and Molenbeersel (The Netherlands)
1726-76 Princess-Abbess of Essen, Lady of Breisig,
Huckard and Rellinghausen (Germany)
|
After 1718 the principality of Thorn engaged with a long lasting
conflict with the Westphalian Circle. The States (Parliament) was not
willing to pay fees to the Circle, during the Austrian Succession war,
where Thorn paid a fee to Empress Maria-Theresia. In 1726 Franziska
Christine was elected as successor to Bernhardina-Sophia von
Ostfriesland und Rietberg in Essen she mainly stayed in Essen, where
she founded an orphanage - F�rstin-Fransika-Christine-Stiftung. She
was daughter of Count Theodor of Pfalz-Sulzbach of the House of
Wittelsbach and Maria Eleonora von Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg, and
used the titulature
ihrer Allerf�rstlichsten Hoheit, Franziska Christina von
Pfalz-Sulzbach, von Gottes Gnaden Pfalzgr�fin bei Rhein, des Heiligen
R�mischen Reiches F�rstin und �btissin der Kaiserlichen Freiweltlichen
Stifter Essen und Thorn, in Baiern, zu J�lich-Kleve-Berg Herzogin,
F�rstin zu Moers, Gr�fin zu Veldenz, Sponheim, der Mark und Ravensberg,
Frau zu Ravenstein, Breisig, Huckarde et cetera.
She lived
(1696-1776). |
|
1717-27 Princess-Abbess Maria Eugenia von Manderscheid of Elten
(Germany) |
Elected to succeed her relative, Anna Juliana von Manderscheid,
who was Abbess of Thorn, Elten and Vreden. After her death another
relative, Countess
Eleonora Maria von Manderscheid was elected Abbess in Elten. In 1719
big parts of the town of Elten was destroyed in a big fire. |
|
1717-48 Princess-Abbess Sophie Charlotte von Bottlenberg gen.
Kessel of K�ppel (Germany) |
A
Protestant, she succeeded the Catholic Anna Elisabeth von der Hees. A
successor was not elected until 1753 because of disputes between the
Catholic and Protestant parties after the succession of a new
"lord-protector" (Schirmherr) of the Chapter, the Catholic F�rst
Wilhelm Hyacinth of Nassau-Siegen. |
|
Circa
1717-34 Titular Head of the Moctezuma Dynasty of the Kingdom of
Tecnochtitlan Do�a Melchora Juana Sarmiento Valladares y Moctezuma, V Condesa de
Moctezuma (Mexico) |
Succeeded her sister, Do�a Fausta Domenga, married Ventura Fernandez
de Cordova, and was succeeded by a
distant cousin Do�a Teresa Nieto, who lived in Spain. She lived
(1697-1734). |
|
1717-58 18th Hereditary Lord High Constable and Knight Marischal of
Scotland, The 14th Countess of Erroll (United Kingdom) |
Mary Hay was the Senior Great Officer Royal Office of Scotland and
Chief of the King's Household in Scotland. She succeeded to the title
in 1717 when she also became Lady Hay and Baroness of Stain, 23rd
Chief of the Hays (since 1171) and Mac Garaidh Mhar (a Celtic title).
In 1727 she nominated Johns Duke of Roxburgh, to act as Her Deputy and
walk in the procession for the coronation of George II. In 1745 she
Raised an army of Buchan men who Stood for "Bonny Prince Charlie" -
Prince Charles Edward Stuart. At this time Mary was a practicing
Episcopalian and as this faith was persecuted by the Hanoverians she
fitted out a grain store as a place of worship. This was known in
Cruden Bay as 'Countess Mary's Girnal'. It was burnt to the ground in
1746 by English Dragoons. She succeeded her brother, Charles Hay, and was succeeded
by grandnephew, Lord John Boyd, the grandson of her late sister
Margaret. She lived (before 1704-58). |
|
1717-83
Sovereign Margravine
Bianca Maria di Sinzendorf of
Caravaggio, Countess of Galliate (Italy) |
Her mother, Bianca-Maria I Sforza di Caravaggio, died giving birth to her
and she was the
10th Marchesa di
Caravaggio e Contessa di Galliate her whole life. She married Don Filippo
Domenico Doria Sforza Visconti, Marchese Doria, Marchese di Caravaggio
e Conte di Galliate maritali nomine, Patrizio Genovese, Cavaliere
dell�Ordine del Tosone d�Oro 1753, Generale delle Armate Imperiali.
She lived
(1717 - 1783). |
|
Until 1718
Marchiones Leonor Duque de Estrada y
Urbina of Lanzarote (Spain) |
She succeeded her father, Manuel Duque de Estrada y
Meneses as VIII marquesa de Lanzarote. The succession to the title was
settled in court in favour of Mart�n Gonz�lez de Castej�n y Villalonga.
She lived (1705-1718).
|
|
After 1718 Titular Rani of Attingal in Travancore (India) |
The
family follows matrilineal inheritance, according to male
primogeniture. The two senior Princesses of the Royal House, the
mother of the Maharaja and her sister, received the principality of
Attingal in appanage, and were styled the Senior and Junior Rani of
Attingal. |
|
1718-34 Regent Dowager Princess Charlotte Amalia von Nassau-Dillenburg
of Nassau-Usingen (Germany)
1735-38 (�) Reigning Dowager Lady of Saarbr�cken
|
After the death of her husband, F�rst Wilhelm Heinrich (1684-1702-18)
she assumed the regency for son sons, Karl (1712-18-75) and Wilhelm
Heinrich (1718-68). She turned the principality into a "modern" state,
by reforming the administration. She created a national archive in the
Castle of Idstein, which forms the core of the Archives of Hessen and
she created a library that founds the basis for the National Library
of Hessen today. She also introduced schools, but she limited the
rights of the Jewish community. In spite of her abilities, she was not
able to give the Principality a "suitable" place in the Empire, and
even allowed her sons to split up the country, which weakened the
state a lot. 1734 Karl was declared to be of age by Emperor Karl VI
but she continued as regent for Wilhelm Heinrich, who became F�rst of
Saarbr�cken, Ottweiler, Jugenhein and W�llstein in 1735/42. She lived
(1680-1738). |
|
1718-45 Sovereign Princess Marie-Fran�oise de Bournonville of
Poix (France) |
The widow of Louis Anne-Jules de Noailles, Duke
Noailles and gouverneur civil de la Province de Roussillon (1650-1708), she bought the
Principality from Charles-Belgique-Hollande de La Tr�mo�lle, duc de
Thouars. The principality then stayed in the Noailles family, where it
became the title of the second son. Mother of 21 children, and lived
(1645-1748) |
|
1718-39
Overseer of the Crown Lands Anastazja Myszkowska of Barcice and
Rytro (Poland) |
Also known as Anastazja Jordan , she was jointly in charge of the administration of the territory with her husband Michał
Stefan Jordan. She lived (ca.1684-ca.1733/39) |
|
1718-24 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Princess
Sophia von Sachsen-Wei�enfels of the Administrative Office and
Castle of Coswig in Anhalt-Zerbst (Germany) |
Widow of Carl Wilhelm (1652-1718) and
mother of Johann August von
Anhalt-Zerbst. She lived (1654-1724)
. |
|
1718-39 Reigning
Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Maria Amalia von Brandenburg of
the Administrative Office and Castle of Bertholdsburg in
Schleusingen in Sachsen-Zeitz (Germany) |
When her second husband, Duke Moritz Wilhelm von
Sachsen-Zeitz,
died, she moved to her dowry. 1 son and 2 daughters died as infants,
the Hereditary Prince at the age of 10 and only Dorothea Wilhelmine survived and married Wilhelm VIII
von Hessen-Kassel. Maria Amalia had
first been married to Herditary Princes
Karl von Mecklenburg-G�strow, who died
the same day their only child was born and died. She lived
(1670-1739). |
|
1718-55 Princess-Abbess Maria Elisabeth von Holstein-Gottorp of
Quedlinburg (Germany) |
Her
time in office was marked by the disputes with King Friederich Wilhelm
I of Prussia, the Guardian of the Chapter, who anexed parts of her
lands. Her protests to the Emperor did not have any effect, and the
situation did not normalize until Friederich I came on the throne. She
rebuilt and expanded the residential castle of the chapter (Stiftsschloss).
She was daughter of Duke Christian Albrecht zu
Schleswig-Holstein-S�nderborg-Gottorp and Princess Frederikke Amalie
of Denmark, and lived (1678-1755). |
|
1718-30 Princess-Abbess Maria Barbara von Liebenfels of
S�ckingen (Germany) |
Reached an agreement with Prince-Bishop Johann Franz Schenk von
Stauffenberg of Basel about the rights to the estate of Schliengen.
The reconstruction of the church was finished 1727. The daughter of
Johann Franz von Liebenfels zu Worblingen and Maria Margarethe
Schindelin von Unter-Reitnau, she lived (1666-1730). |
|
1718-47 Princess-Abbess Maria Bernardina von Donnersberg of Gutenzell
(Germany) |
The
Princess-Abbess of the Chapter had been a member of the Swabian Circle of the
Imperial Diet since 1521. |
|
1718-20 Governor Ines
de
Osio y Mendoza
of the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos
(Spain)
|
Acted in the
place of the Reigning Abbess. |
|
1718-30
Politically Influential
Princess Hatice Sultan of
the Ottoman Empire (Turkey and the Middle East) |
Her father, Sultan Ahmed III largely left the
affairs of state to her husband, Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim
Pasha, and she had great influence over both. Some sources regard her
as the real ruler of the later Tulip era (1703-1730), at least during
the 1720s. She was to have assisted Marquis de Villeneuve in a
Pro-French politic during the war between France and Russia. Some
historians see her as the last de facto female ruler of the Ottoman
Empire. |
|
1719-34 Payung e-ri Luwu Batari Toja of Luwu (Indonesia) |
Followed her relative Fatima as ruler, and since she had no children, she was
succeeded by Fatima's daughter, We Tenrileleang Aisyah Bahjatuddin. |
|
1720-56 Reigning Lady Duchess
Augusta zu Mecklenburg-G�strow of the Administrative Unit of Dargun in
Mecklenburg-G�strow (Germany) |
After the death of her mother, Dowager Grand Duchess Magdalene Sibylle
von Holstein-Gottorp with whom she had lived at the Castle of G�strow
after the death of her father Gustav Adolf zu Mecklenburg, she was
given the Amt as her appanage, and she set up a court with 150
employees became known as The Princess of Dargun. She introduced a
number of reforms in her area, which consisted of 45 villages,
especially within education and health and she founded schools in
villages which had hitherto not had any. She was strongly influenced
by the Pietist movement and gradually became more and more religious,
and lived (1674-1756). |
|
1719-65 Princess-Abbess Anna Magdalena Franziska von Dondorff of
Oberm�nster in Regensburg (Germany) |
All candidates
for the chapter had to undergo a comprehensive education in
religion, writing, calculation, history and foreign languages. The
12 canonesses lived a religious life but did not take "Oath" as
nuns, did not wear nun-habibits and lived a secular life. Only the
Abbess had to be celebate, the other canonisses could marry, and the
higly educated ladies were freuquent guests at the court of the
Princes of Thurn and Taxis and of the highranking clerics and envoys
to the Diet of the Realm in Regensburg.
Her
family was noble and originated from Th�ringen.
|
|
1719-34 Reigning Abbess Louise Ad�la�de d'Orl�ans of Chelles (France) |
Also the abbesse of the Val-de-Gr�ce, a church built under the auspices of her
maternal great-grandmother, Anne of Austria, the wife of King Louis XIII.
Originally titled Mademoiselle de Chartres, she became Mademoiselle d'Orl�ans in
1710 after her older sister married Charles, duc de Berry and was known as
Madame d'Orl�ans 1719-34. Died from smallpox at the Convent de la Madeleine de
Traisnel in Paris. Daughter of The Regent of France, Philippe II d'Orl�ans, duc
de Chartres, heir to the House of Orl�ans, and Fran�oise-Marie de Bourbon, a
legitimised natural daughter of Louis XIV and his mistress, Madame de Montespan.
She lived (1698-1743). |
|
1720-29 Reigning Princess
Marianna Lubomirska of the Ostr�g
Ordynat , including Lubomierz, Nowy Wiśnicz, Bochnia, Wieliczka,
Łańcut, Baran�w Sandomierski, Puławy, Rzesz�w, R�wne, Tarn�w,
Jarosław, Przeworsk, Janowiec upon the Vistula. (Ukraine and Poland) |
The Ukrainian
Principality of Jaroslaw which was repeatedly
pillaged by Russian, Saxon and Swedish armies
during the Great Northern War of 1700-21, causing the town to
decline further. She was daughter of
Prince Jozef Karol, Great Crown Marshal of Poland, (1661-1702) and
Princess Teofila Ludwika Zaslawska, who owned the Ostrog
Estates 1673-1709 as the 5th Ordinate (d. 1709).
She succeeded her twin brother, Prince Aleksander Dominik Lubomirski
(1693�1720), starost of Sandomierz, Zator and Ryki and the IV ordynat
of the Ostrogski Family Fee Tail. Owner of Wiśnicz, Dubno and Zasław
estates. Her son by her husband, Prince Pawel Karol
Sanguszko-Lubartowicz (1682-1750), Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko, was
the last ordynat of the Ostrogski Family Fee Tail and Court Marshal of
Lithuania.
She
lived (1693-1729). |
|
1720-30 Princess-Abbess Maria Franzisca Hundbiss von Waltrams
of Lindau (Germany) |
1728 the territory of the Chapter was destroyed in a fire and it was
rebuild in baroque stile. F�rst�btissin Maria Franzisca was member of
a noble family from W�rttemberg, which also spells its name as Hundpi�
von Waltrams. |
|
1720-22
Princess-Abbess Rosina
Clara Schlindlin von Hirschfeld of the Royal Chapter St. Georg at the
Hradschin in Prauge (Czech Republic) |
Karl
6 of Austria-Hungary, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, issued a decree
confirming her election as Princely Abbess, "f�rstliche Abbati�in zu St.
Georg". |
|
1720-23
and 1726-29 Reigning Abbess-General
of the Royal Monastery Mar�a Magdalena de Villarroel Cabeza de Vaca of Santa
Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
In a decree she
wrote: "We, Do�a Mar� Magdalena de Villarroel Cabeza de Baca, by the grace of
God and the Holy
Apostolic Sea, Abbess of the Royal Monestary of Santa Maria la Real de Las
Huelgas, the of the City of Burgoes, the Cistercian Order,...., Mother and
Legitimate Superior of the Hospital of the King and its compounds and
the convents, churches, erimitages and places with their trust and obidience
with omnimodial jurisdiction, privativa, Quasi Episcopal, Nillius, et cetera..." |
|
Until 1720
Abbess Nullius
Luigia Tarsia of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
A group of Cistercian Nuns took
over the chapter which had existed as a male convent since 889 and
also took over the direct papal protection. As Abbess she held
semi-episcopal powers until 1806.
|
|
1720 and 1730
Abbess Nullius Daniela La Forza of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
Also Prioress. |
|
1720-39 Leader Nanny of the Maroons in the Blue Mountains in
Eastern Jamaica |
Head
of the Windward or Eastern Jamaican Maroons - Africans -
and the struggle against the British colonial empire and its
institution of slavery in Jamaica. The Maroons themselves and the
British settlers too, all recognized her as an outstanding military
leader. She was particularly skilled in organizing the guerrilla
warfare carried out by the Eastern Maroons to keep away the British
troops who attempted to penetrate the mountains to overpower them.
And, she was especially important to the free Africans in their fierce
fight with the British during the First Maroon War from 1720 to 1739.
She was also a spiritual leader, a Priestess, for her people. Despite
relentless pursuit by the British forces, the Windward Maroons
continued raiding plantations for food and supplies; survived and
thrived in the mountainous jungle terrain; communicated using the
famous abeng (cow horn); and kept the location of their mountain
secret for at least ten years. |
|
1721-22/26 In Charge of the Government Countess Charlotte Luise von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Homburg of Rantzau Breitenburg and Parts of Pinneberg (Germany) |
In
1721 her husband, Reichsgraf Wilhelm Adolf von Rantzau-Breitenburg,
was accused of being responsible for the murder of his brother
Christian Detlev, who had been arrested, perhaps on charges of
"sodomy" (homosexuality) in 1715. Wilhelm Adolf took over the
government and even paid king Friedrich Wilhelm I. of Preussen to keep
Christian Detlev in prison, but he returned in 1720 and was killed the
following year. Wilhelm Adolf travelled to Copenhagen to ask King
Frederik VI of Denmark, Duke of Holstein, to confirm him as holder as
the fief; he suggested that he would accuse him of the murder of his
brother. Wilhelm Adolf escaped but caught in 1722, the county was
occupied by troops from Holstein, and in 1726 he was convicted as an
accomplice of the murder of his brother, convinced to life
imprisonment and a fine of 20.000 reichstalern. He died in 1734
without heirs, and the County reverted to the Duke of Holstein - the
king of Denmark. Charlotte Luise was daughter of Count Christian and
Christine Christiane Magdalena von Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hartenburg. |
|
Until 1721
Reigning Lady Maria Anna Franziska von G�tzengrien
auf Tutzing of the Hofmark of Tutzing with Ober- und Unterzeismering,
Traubing, Monatshausen and Diemendorf and a number of outlying areas in Bavaria
(Germany) |
Half of the Bavarian citizen were not direct subjects of the King but of "lords
of the manor" - in either secular or clerical Hofmarks, which posessed lower
juridstiction and other privilleges. She and her sisters inherited the territory
from their mother, .Maria Anna von Haimhausen auf Tutzing. |
|
1721-30
Reigning Lady
Maria Ursula Sabrina von G�tzengrien auf Tutzing of the Hofmark of Tutzing with
Ober- und Unterzeismering,
Traubing, Monatshausen and Diemendorf and a number of outlying areas in Bavaria
(Germany) |
Female "Lords of the Manor" - Hofmarksherscherinnen was not usual, but it was
not unheard of since the land was hereditary within the gentred nobility.
Among her duties was to exercise the lower civil and penal juridisction
through a "ritter", to collect taxes in the name of the king and to
supply men to the army. She also held a trade monopoly and managed
the estate and agricultural aspects |
|
1721-38 Reigning Abbess Rosina Susanna Catharina Philippina von Venningen
of the Immediate Chapter of Kraichgau (Germany) |
The chapter was founded by Amalia Elisabeth won Mentzingen, geb. von
Bettendorf, from the inheritance from her parents for Evangelical unmarried ladied from the Ritterkanton Kraichgau (Knights Canton) in Baden, and in 1725 it
was granted the status it was granted "reichsfreiheit" incorporated into the Knight's Canton
of Kraichgau, but placed under the direct authority of the Holy Roman Emperor.
Took over the management of the Chapter in 1718, was inagurated as Abbess in
1721 and got the status of "reigning abbess" or princess-abbess 4 years later.
|
|
1721-33 Reigning Abbess Charlotte Armande de Rohan of the Royal Abbey of Jouarre
(France) |
Succeeded aunt, Anne Marguerite de Rohan. Daughter of Hercule Meriadec, Duc de Rohan-Rohan, Prince de
Soubise et de Maubuisson, etc, Governor of Champagne and Brie and his first
wife, Anne Genevieve de Levis-Ventadour, and lived (1696-1733). |
|
1721-35 Joint Leader of the Mission Gertrud
Rask in Greenland (Denmark) |
Her 13 years younger husband,
Hans Egede (1686-1759), had managed to convince the king of Denmark
and Norway to make an expedition to Greenland with the purpose of
introducing Lutheranism among the descendants of the Norsemen who left
for Greenland around year 900 whom it was expected would still be
Catholics. He found no such descendants, instead he became missionary
among the indigenous population, the Inuits. He thought Danish among
the Inuits, and tried to introduce his own very dogmatic and righteous
version of the Christian faith, something that was not received well
among the Inuits. Some Christian Inuits were sent to Copenhagen but
died of smallpox, and those who returned brought the illness back,
which drastically diminished the population in Greenland, and among
other caused her own death. She was mother of four children and lived
(1673-1735). |
|
1722-43 Regent Dowager Countess Sophie Charlotte von Bothmer of
Reuss zu Obergreiz (Germany) |
After
the death of her husband, Count Heinrich II, she acted as regent for
two sons Heinrich X (1718-22-23) and Heinrich XI (1722-23-1800-09),
who was created F�rst in 1778. In 1723
she married Count Georg Wilhelm zu Erbach-Erbach and had two
daughters with him. After her death he married Leopoldine Sophie
Wilhelmine, Wild- und Rheingr�fin in Grumbach and had a son by her.
Sophie Charlotte was daughter of Johann Caspar Graf von
Bothmer and Gisela Erdmuthe von Hoym, and lived (1686-1757). |
|
1722-29 (�) Governor Ann Le Mesurier of Alderny (United Kingdom
Crown Dependency in the Channel Islands) |
Sister of George Andros, who held the office of Governor 1713-14,
and was succeeded by his daughter Anne Andros and her husband, John Le
Mesurier. According to another source, John was succeeded by his son
Peter. After Ann�s death, her son her eldest son Henry apparently
became Governor. She lived (d. 1729). |
|
1722 Regent
Dowager Duchess
Juliane Luise
von Ostfriesland of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Pl�n
(Germany) |
Also known as Juliana Louise. When her husband,
Joachim Friedrich Herzog von Slesvig-Holsten-S�nderborg-Pl�n on 25.
January, she was pregnant and became regent awaiting the birth of a
heir - but the day after she gave birth to a still-born daughter on
28. May, the Danish king entered the Castle of Pl�n and took it into possetion. Her husband had 4 daughters with his first wife, 2 of
whom were Canonesses in Gandersheim but died at Pl�n and
Augustenburg. 1726-1740 she lived at the castle Ahrensb�k and died in Harzgerode, the former residential town of
the family of her late mother-in-law, Elisabeth Charlotte von Anhalt-Harzgerode (1647-1723), and lived (1698-1740). |
|
1722-45 Politically Influential Electress Maria Amalia von
Habsburg of Bavaria (Germany)
1743-45 Influential in the Holy Roman Empire |
Married to elector Karl Albrecht of Bavaria, and was a passionate
hunter, loved parties and politics. She was daughter of Emperor Josef
I and Amalie Wilhelmine von Braunschweig-L�neburg and even though she
had accepted the Pragmatic Solution, she did claim parts Habsburg
Inheritance after the death of her uncle in 1740, but her cousin,
Maria Theresia refused this. Maria Amalia's husband was elected
emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, though, in 1742, as Karl VII. Maria
Amalia supported her husband in the Austrian Succession-war, but after
his death, she advised her son, Maximilian III Josef to make peace and
compromise with Vienna. Her sister, Maria Josepha, was very
influential as Queen of Poland from 1733. Maria Amalia lived
(1701-56). |
|
1722-?
Princess-Abbess Isidora
Constantia Raudnitzkin von Brzesnitz of the Royal Chapter St. Georg at the
Hradschin in Prauge (Czech Republic) |
Mentioned as
"f�rstlichen Abbati�in" in a contemporary decree. |
|
1722-35
Reigning Coadjutorix
Maria Anna Eleonore Reichlin von Meldegg of
Sch�nis (Switzerland) |
Elected Koadjutorin with right of succession in 1722 because of the
meltan illness of F�rst�btissin
Maria Clara Salom� von Roggenbach, who had been in office since 1713.
She managed to get the confirmation of the new statutes by the
Bishop and the Papal Nuntius Domenico Passionei in 1732. She
concluded an agreement with the community of Sch�nis about the
maintainance of the church. After a stroke in March 1735 she died in
January the following year, before Maria Clara Salom�. She lived
(1682-1735). |
|
1722-23 Princess-Abbess Anna X Haug of Baindt (Germany) |
As
Princess of The Empire (F�rst�btissin or Reichs�btissin), she had the
right of a vote in the College of Prelates in the Council of Princes
on the Ecclesiastical Bench in the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire. |
|
1722 Reigning Princess
Anna Francesca Ravaschieri Fieschi Pinelli of
Belmonte, Marquise of Galatone and Countess of Copertino
(Italy) |
In 1720 she conferred her rights to the principality to her husband
Antonio Pignatelli, Marquis of San Vincenzo. She was daughter of
Oronzo Ravaschieri Fieschi Pinelli, prince (1711-22). |
|
1723-51 Princess-Abbess Magdalena von D�rrheim of Baindt
(Germany) |
The
privilege of lower court of justice that had originally been granted
in 1437 was confirmed twice during her reign; in 1734 and 1741.
Magdalena's family were lords of D�rheim near Stuttgart, Freiberg in
Schwarzwald in Bavaria and had possessions in Z�rich. She lived
(1689-1751) |
|
1723-57 Princess-Abbess Maria Katharina Helena von Aham auf Neuhaus of Niederm�nster in Regensburg (Germany) |
Another version of her surname is von Aham-Neuhaus. The seat of the
chapter was situated in the centre of the city of Regensburg, which
was the seat of the Imperial Diet (Reichstag), but the chapter had
numerous possessions outside the city. |
|
1723-26 and 1729-32
Reigning Abbess-General
Ana Mar�a Helguero y Albarado of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real
de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
A relative (possibly
her sister), Clara Antonia was Se�ora Abadesa of Las Huelgas 1732-35. |
|
1723-47 Dato' Putri Siti Awan Setiawanm I of Johol (Malaysia) |
The first ruler of the state of Luak Johol, which is one of the
component states of the Negri Sembilan Federation and she was one of
the four traditional electors of the Yang di-Pertuan (Ruler) of the
Federation. She was married to Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lelei Perkasa
Setia Wan. |
|
1723-31 Bor Raj Pramateswari Devi of Ahom (India) |
Married to Bor Raj/Chief king Siva Singha (1714-1744), who took
on the Ahom name of Sutanpha. He became a Shakti worshipper, as he was
initiated in the tenets of the Shakti cult by Krishnaram Bhattacharya,
who was later on installed as head priest of Kamakhya temple, which is
situated atop the Nilachal Hills. Siva Singha was a weak person who
relied heavily on astrologers, and when an astrologer told him that he
was in danger of being dethroned, he installed his Queen Phuleswari,
who assumed the name Pramateswari, as "chief king". She was an
orthodox Shakti worshiper who persecuted the Moamoria Mahantas by
forcibly making them to take prasad of Durga worship and anointing
their foreheads with sacrificial blood. This resulted in the Moamoria
rebellion. After Phuleswari died in 1731, Siva Singha married her
sister Drupadi or Deopadi and made her the next Bor Raja, with the
name Ambika. |
|
1723-29 Chief Guardian and Regent of the Realm Dowager
Princess-Margravine Christiane Charlotte of W�rttemberg-Winnental of
Brandenburg-Ansbach (Germany)
1723-29 Reigning Dowager Lady of Crailsheim |
Since their marriage in 1709 she was an energetic aide of her cousin
and husband, Margrave Wilhelm Friedrich, and after his death, she
became "Obervorm�nderin und Landsesregentin" for son F�rst Karl
Wilhelm Friedrich, Margrave von Ansbach (1712-23-57). She reformed the
administration jointly with her Privy Councillors. In foreign affairs
and defence the co-guardians; the Margrave von Bayreuth and Landgrave
Ernst Ludwig von Hessen-Darmstadt assisted her. In order to reduce the
depths of the state, she reduced the civil service and the court. She
promoted commerce and industry. At the same time she expanded the
residence city and her own castle with her own funds. The social
provisions and hospitals were also reformed. But she was not
successful in her endeavours to found an university in Ansbach.
In
official documents she used the titulature: "Der Durchleuchtigsten
F�rstin und Frauen, Frauen Christianen Charlotten, verwittibten
Markgr�fin zu Brandenburg, Herzogin in Preu�en, zu Magdeburg, Stettin,
Pommern, der Casuben und Wenden, zu Mecklenburg, auch in Schlesien und
zu Crossen, Burggr�fin zu N�rnberg, Gr�fin zu Hohenzollern und
Schwerin, Frauen der Lande Rostock und Stargard p.p., geborene
Herzogin zu W�rttemberg und Teck, Gr�fin zu M�mpelgard und Frauen zu
Heidenheim p.p., Obervormunderin und Landesregentin, unserer
gn�digsten F�rstin und Frauen". She lived (1694-1729).
|
|
1723-24 Politically Influential Dowager Duchess Eleonore
Juliana von Hohenzollern of W�rttemberg-Winnental in Brandenburg-Ansbach
(Germany) |
Following the death of her husband, Duke Friedrich Carl of
W�rttemberg-Winnental in 1698 she moved back to Ansbach, where her
daughter, Christiane Charlotte von W�rttemberg, had married her
cousin, Margrave Willem Friedrich. She became very influential,
especially during her daughter's regency until her own death. She
lived (1663-1724). |
|
1723-25 Politically Influential Agn�s Berthelot de Pl�neuf,
Marquise de Prie in France |
La
Marquise de Prie became notable for her intriguing during the reign of
Louis XV. At the age of fifteen she was married to Louis, Marquis de
Prie, and went with him to the court of Savoy at Turin, where he was
ambassador. She was twenty-one when she returned to France, and was
soon became the mistress of Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon. During his
ministry (1723-1725) she was in several respects the real ruler of
France, her most notable triumph being the marriage of Louis XV of
France to Marie Leszczynska instead of to Mlle de Vermandois. But
when, in 1725, she sought to have Bourbon's rival Fleury exiled, her
ascendancy came to an end. After Fleury's recall and the banishment of
Bourbon to Chantilly, she was exiled to Courbepine, where she
committed suicide the next year Daughter of �tienne Berthelot, and
lived (1698-1727). |
|
1724-37 and 1741-45 Regent Dowager Princess Dharmapala
of The Volga Kalmyks (Lower Volga Area in Russia and Kazakstan) |
The
first time she was regent for Cerlu Donduk, who reigned (1725-35)
until he was deposed, the second time was after the death of Donduk
Ombu, Prince of the Kalmykians. (d. 1741). |
|
1724-28 Regent Dowager Duchess Sophia Albertine von
Erbach-Erbach of Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Germany) |
After the death of her husband Ernst Friederich I (1681-1715-24) she
stepped in for their Ernst Friedrich II (1707-24-45) in the small
Duchy which consisted the Office of City of Hildburghausen, Office and
City of Eisfeld, the Offices of Veilsdorf, K�nigsberg, Sonnefeld and
Behrungen and parts of Sachsen-R�mhild. She was able to half the taxes imposted by her husband, by reducing costs drastically,
and attacked the Duchy of Sachsen-Meiningen in order to get back the
Office of Schalkau, that her husband had sold in 1723. She was mother
of 10 children, most of whom died as infants, but her daughter
Elisabeth Albertine was regent in Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1752-53. She lived (1683-1742). |
|
1723 Abbess Nullius Berardina Accolti of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
Both secular and temporal ruler of the territory
and
among
others exercised, through a vicar, amost episcopal jurisdiction in the abbital
fief of Castellana.
|
|
1724-27
Abbess Nullius Marcellina Capulli of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
Among
the many privileges she enjoyed
was that of
appointing her own vicar-general through whom she governed her abbatial
territory; that of selecting and approving confessors for the laity; and that of
authorizing clerics to have the cure of souls in the churches under her
jurisdiction.
|
|
1724-44 Countess of the Realm Maria Anna Katharina Theresia von
Tilly-Montfort of Breitenegg and the Amts of Holnstein, Helfenberg,
Hohenfels and Freystadt (Germany) |
Inherited the lordship after the death of the last male of the family,
Ferdinand Lorenz Franz Xaver, Reichsgraf von Tilly und Breitenegg. She
promoted trade and crafts and brought prosperity to the area. Her
husband, Duke Anton Sebastian von Montfort, had died in 1706 and since
she had no children, she was
succeeded by her cousin, Ignaz Joseph Freiherrn von Gumppenberg of the
immediate Reichsgrafschaft Breitenegg, who sold it to Palatine Karl
Theodor of Bavaria 1792, but the County remained "Reichsunmittelbar"
(an Imperial Immediacy)
in a personal union with Bavaria until 1804. Also known as Reichsgr�fin Maria Anna von Tilly-Montfort. |
|
1724-38 Soledatu Batari Toja of Soppeng (Indonesia) |
Succeeded brother, La Pad and succeeded by another brother, La
Mappasossong. |
|
1724
Politically Active
Empress Uelete Rufael of Ethiopia |
Also known as
Woizero Walatta Rufael, she engaged in a succession-struggle in favour
of her son Susnyjos, whose father was Dejazmatch Wolde Giyorgis,
Governor of Semien (d. 1706). She was daughter of Emperor Iyasu the
Great and sister of Emperor Adbar Sagad II Bakaffa (1721-30). |
|
1724-43 Princess-Abbess Caroline Charlotte de Berlaimont of
Nivelles, Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles
(Belgium) |
Member of a noble family originating from Northern France. |
|
1725-27 Imperatitsa Regnant Catharina I of Russia |
Zarina Yekatarina was born as Marta Skavronskaya in Lithuania. In 1701
she married a Swedish dragoon, who soon afterwards went with his
regiment to Riga, and never returned. After the capture of Marienburg
by the Russians, she became the mistress first of General Bauer, with
whom she lived at Moscow, then of Prince Menschikoff, and finally of
Peter the Great, who first married her privately near Warsaw, and
later publicly in 1712 at St. Petersburg. She then embraced the
Eastern Orthodox religion, and became partner-in-power with her
husband, who became Emperor in 1721 and she got the title of
Imperatritsa (or Tsesareva). After his death, she was placed on the
throne by the guard�s regiments. Real power, however, remained in the
hands of Menshikov and the Supreme Privy Council. She died
of intemperance, and lived (circa 1684-1727). |
|
1725-41 Governor General Archduchess Maria-Elisabeth von Habsburg of
the Austrian Netherlands (Belgium-Luxembourg) |
Her
brother, Emperor Karl V, appointed her
as Gouvernante-Generaal or Landvoogdes of the
Southern Netherlands, a Federation of Brabant, Flanders, Hainault, Namur,
Limburg and Luxembourg, each of which had its own tradition, laws and
identity. The Austrian administration pursued a Mercantilist policy
intending to improve the economy. But the Habsburg dynasty interests
outweighed those of the southern Netherlands and Austrian diplomacy
never achieved the lifting of the blockade of Schelde, and in 1731 the
charter of the Oostende East India Company, which had been founded in
1722, was lifted in return for recognition by Great Britain and the
Dutch Republic of the Pragmatic Sanction, making her niece, Maria-Theresia
the heir of Austria and Hungary. Maria-Elisabeth was daughter of
Emperor of Leopold I, unmarried and lived (1680-1741) |
|
1725-35 Regent Dowager Countess
Marie Albertine von Nassau-Saarbr�cken-Usingen
of Ortenburg
(Germany) |
After the death of her husband, Johann Georg zu Ortenburg, she took over the
government in the name of her 10 year old son, Karl III.
(1715-76). She tried to strenghten the position of the inhabitants
of the county, which was isolated between the Electorate of Bavaria
and the Immediate Abbey of Passau, and asked for the right of
citizenship first by the Elector and then by the government of
Landshut, which was positive, but it was never realized. Of her 3
sons 1 survived into adulthood and so did 5 of her 6 daughters. She
lived (1686-1768). |
|
1726-39 Regent Countess Dowager Margrethe Christiane Augusta
Danneskiold-Laurvig of Neu-Leiningen (Germany) |
Also known as Margareta, she was widow of Karl-Ludwig of Neu-Leiningen-Westerburg and regent for her two sons
Georg Karl I August Ludwig (1717-26-87) and Georg Ernst Ludwig (1718-26-59-65)
who were joint rulers. She was daughter of Count Ulrik Frederik Gyldenl�ve, Lord
of Knyphausen, Doorenwerth and Herzborn (natural son of king Frederik III of Denmark), and Countess Antoniette Augusta von
Altenburg (natural line of the Counts of Oldenburg). She lived (1694-1761). |
|
1726-34 Reigning Dowager Lady Sophia von Sachsen-Wei�enfels of
Neustadt Erlangen in Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Germany) |
After the death of her husband, Georg Wilhelm, she caused a number of
scandals during her 8 years at her dowry until she married the Count
Hoditz and moved to Slesia. Of her 5 children only one daughter,
Christiane Sophie Wilhelmina survived into adulthood (1701-49), but
she was unmarried. Sophia lived (1684-1752). |
|
Around 1726 Princess-Abbess Carolina Margaretha van Renesse van
Elderen of Burtscheid (Germany) |
The
Baroness was mentioned in 1726 when she commissioned the restoration
of the two towers of the Chapter Church. She was member of a Dutch
noble family. |
|
Until 1726 Reigning Abbess Louise Charlotte Eug�nie de Beringhen of
Faremoutiers
(France)
|
One of 9 children of Jacques Louis de Beringhen, Marquis de Beringhen
(1651-1723) and Marie-Madeleine Elisabeth Fare d'Aumont. One of her
sisters, Anne Marie Madeleine de Beringhen, was abbess du Pr� au
Mans aorund 1730. |
|
1726-43 Reigning Abbess
Olympe F�licit� de Beringhen of
Faremoutiers (France) |
Succeeded her sister, Louise Charlotte as head of the abbey, which enjoyed the
attention of several French kings and was an important economic factor within
its vast territory in Brie. |
|
1726
Claimant Katharina Hedwig von Rantzau-Breitenburg of the
Reichsgafschaft Rantzau Breitenburg and Parts of Pinneberg (Germany)
1726-32 Reigning
Lady of Breitenburg, L�venholm etc. |
Also known as Catharina Hedvig von Rantzau, Frau von Breitenburg. After
the life imprisonment of her brother, she claimed the county and after
a lengthily process against the king of Denmark, she was allowed to
keep 3 firefly estates, but had to pay the 230.000 reichstalern costs
of the process, an enormous amount. She was married to Johann
Friederich, Count and Lord zu Castell-Ruedenhausen, she was the mother
of one daughter, Countess Friederike Eleonore zu Castell-Ruedenhausen,
Heiress of Breitenburg. |
|
1727 Regent Countess Dowager Anna Franziska von Thurn
und Taxis of Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (Germany) |
After the death of her husband, Franz
Ernst, Altgraf von Salm-Reifferscheidt zu Dyck
(1659-1727), she reigned in the name of her son,
August Eugen Bernhard
(1706-27-67).
She lived (1683-1776). |
|
1727-circa 54 De facto ruler Dowager Sultana Hinata binti Bakar
al-Gul of Morocco |
Also known as Khnata bent Bakkar, she acted as First Minister and
Secretary for her husband Sultan Mulay Ismail as-Samin, who reigned
(1672-1729). After his death followed a period of internal turmoil,
where she remained the de-facto ruler, during the reign of her
husband's 10 sons with various wifes, but who were all deposed, but
she managed to lead the country out of the disastrous situation. |
|
1727-28
�Supporter and guardian �
Albertine Friederike von Baden-Durlach of
the Bishopric of L�beck and the Principality of Eutin (Germany) |
When her 17 year old son, Adolf Friedrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
succeeded his brother as Prince-Bishop of L�beck one year after the
death of her husband Christian August von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
(1673- 1726), she acted as his �supporter and guide�, according to the
National Swedish Biography, because he was still a minor, and she also
gave him her estates Stendorf, M�nch-Neversdorf and Lenzahn to provide
him with an income. In 1751 he became king of Sweden. Her oldest
daughter, Hedwig Sophie von Hostein-Gottorf (1705�1764), was
Princess-Abbess of Herford, another Joanna Elisabeth von
Hostein-Gottorf (1712- 1760), was regent of Anhalt-Zerbst (And mother
of Catherine the Great of Russia). She had a total of 10 children and
lived (1682-1755). |
|
1727-40 Princess-Abbess Eleonora Maria von Manderscheid of
Elten (Germany) |
Elected as successor of her relative Maria Eugenia von Manderscheid and
was followed by Eleonora Maria von Manderscheid. |
|
1727
Abbess Nullius Cesaria Therami of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano
(Italy) |
Conversano is an ancient town and comune in the southern Italian
province of Bari, Apulia. |
|
1727-30
Abbess Nullius
Rosa Caporossi strong of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
Ferdinanda Pascal was elected as her successor in November 1730 but renonuced. |
|
1728-32 Rani Harrabichi Kadavube Ali Raja Bibi of
Cannanore (India) |
The Arakkal family followed a
matriarchal system of descent. The elder most member of the family,
male or female, was its head and ruler. While male rulers were called
Ali Rajah, female rulers were known as Arakkal Beevis. |
|
Circa
1728-34 Regent Dowager Queen Nor-dzin bde-legs dbang-mo of
Mustang (Nepal) |
Took over the reins for her son, Amgon bSod-nams bsTan-'dzin
dbang-rgyal (circa 1717-28-50), after the death of her husband, A-ham
bKra-shis rnam-rgyal, Lo rGyal-po (King of Lo or Mustang), who had
reigned since 1723. She was daughter of Nyi-ma rnam-rgyal, King of
Ladakh. (d.
after 1735). |
|
1728-60 Reigning Princess Lucrezia Pignatelli of Strongoli, 4th
Duchessa di Tolve and 4th Contessa di Melissa (Italy)
|
Inherited the fiefs and territories in
the Calabria region from her father, the 2nd Prince. In 1719 she
married Ferdinando Pignatelli Knight of the Toson d�Or, Prince of the
Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Tolve, Grandee of Spain. She was succeeded
by her son Salvatore (1730-1792). |
|
1728-54 Princess-Abbess Christine Eberhardine Friederike von
Hohenzollern-Hechingen of Munsterbilzen, Dame of Wellen,
Haccourt, Hallembaye and Kleine-Spouwen (Belgium) |
Like her predecessors, she was in dispute with the Prince-Bishop of
Li�ge over her right to use the title of "Princess of the Holy Roman
Empire". After a lengthily court-case Emperor Karl VI issued a
statement in 1734 demanding that the bishop stopped putting obstacles
in the way of the Princess-Abbess and let her conduct her duties as
sovereign, and the Emperor later confirmed her title as Princess of
the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The war of the Austrian
Succession 1741-48 brought further hardship and devastation. From
around 1747 she stayed in Wenen and tried to secure the interests of
the chapter at the Imperial Court and the Dechaness
Maria Carolina Leerodt von Born
was left in charge of the administration of the chapter. The ladies of
the chapter protested against her prolonged absence, and after the
death of her sister, Sofia, in early 1754 they even tried to depose
her, but she died soon after. She
was daughter of Friedrich Wilhelm (1663-1735), and Louise von
Sinzendorf. She was succeeded as Princess-Abbess by sister, Sofie
Johanna Friederike.
Christine lived
(1695-1754). |
|
1728-42 Guardian and
Administrator Maria Enrietta del Caretto de Savona y Grana
von
Arenberg og Bergen-op-Zoom (The Netherlands) |
After the death of Philippe Charles Fran�ois de Ligne, 3rd Herzog von Arenberg,
Duc d'Aerschot, (1663-91) she might have been the person who was regent for son
Leopold Philippe, Duke of Arenberg, Duc d'Aerschot (1691-54), who married Donna
Maria Francesca Pignatelli, Duchessa di Bisaccia, Countess van Egmond
(1696-1766). Apparently she acted as regent for her great-grandson Karel Philip
Theodoor van Sulzbach (b.1724) after the death of her grand-daughter, Maria
Henri�tte de la Tour d'Auvergne and was known as "the Dowager van Arenberg"
during this period. Karl Philip became elector of Bavaria in 1777. He died in
1799 as the last Marquis of Bergen op Zoom. She was also known as Maria
Enrichetta, and was Daughter of Ottone Enrico, Field Marshal of the Empire,
Governor and General Captain of the Netherlands from 1682, and succeeded him to
the titles of Titluar Marchesa di Savona y Grana, Countess of Millesimo, Lady
and Co-Lady of Roccavignale, Co-Lady of Cosseria, Dame di Casaleggi in 1685,
and lived (1671-1744). |
|
1729, 1732, 1735 and 1736-1737 Guardian of the Kingdom of Great
Britain, and His Majesty's Lieutenant within the same during His
Majesty's absence Queen Caroline von Brandenburg-Ansbach of United
Kingdom of Great Britain, Co-Heiress of Sayn-Altenkirchen |
The
power behind the throne during the whole reign of her husband, Georg
II (1727-37). She acted as regent on during his trips to Hannover. She
aided the career of the British statesman Robert Walpole. Caroline was
joint heiress of Sayn-Altenburg, trough her mother, Eleonore Erdmuthe
Louise von Sachsen-Eisenach (d. 1696), whose mother, Johanette had
reigned as Countess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen 1636-1701.
In 1741 Caroline's nephew, Carl Wilhelm Friedrich inherited the
county, but in 1783 his son, Alexander, and her son, Georg III decided
to share the inheritance. Caroline lived (1683-1737). |
|
1729... Regent Duchess Elisabeth Charlotte d'Orl�ans of
Lorraine (France)
1737- 44 Sovereign Princess of Commercy |
The
Madame Royale was born as Princess of France, Mademoiselle de Chartres
and married Leopold Joseph, Duke of Lorraine (1679-1729). Most of her
at least 13 children died within a few weeks, but her son,
Fran�ois-Etienne, was among those who survived. He later married
Maria-Theresia of Austria and became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
and founded the dynasty of Habsburg-Lothringen. Elisabeth Charlotte
was later created Duchess de Commercy and after her death the duchy
her brother-in-law, Stanislav.
She lived (1676-1744). |
|
1729-31
Reigning Princess Maria Zofia Czartoryska Sieniawska of Jarosław
(Ukraine), Bukaczowce, Brzeżany, Jarosław, Oleszyce and Sieniawa
(Red Ruthenia), Krzeszowice, Międzyrzec Podlaski and Puławy (Little
Poland), Gran�w, Międzyburz, Mikołaj�w, Stara Sieniawa and Zinkowice
(Podolia), Klewań and Żuk�w (Volhynia) and Stołpce, Szkł�w and
Wołożyn (Lithuania) |
After the death of her husband, the Lithuanian magnate and
Marshal of the Sejm, Stanislaw Denhof, she became in possession of his wast
domains and estates until her marriage to Prince Alexander Augustus Czartoryski,
a Russian Duke and Major-General. She was the daughter of Adam Nicholas
Sieniawski and Elizabeth Sieniawska and her baptism was held by Peter I the
Great, King Augustus the Strong II and Prince Rakoczy in the presence of 15
thousand soldiers. ShHe lived (1699-1777). |
|
1729-50 Princess-Abbess Johanna Charlotte von Anhalt-Dessau of
Herford (Germany) |
Continued the disputes of her predecessor, Charlotte Sophie, with king Friederich Wilhelm I of Preusia over the continued drafts of soldiers
for the ongoing wars - the City of Herford was only an Imperial
Immediacy (reichsunmittelbar) on paper, in reality it was treated like a
Preusian provincial town and she tried to protect its interests. When
she took office, she confirmed the tenantcies of local nobles who
held the fiefs of the chapter, using
the titulature, Johann Charlotta verwitwete Prinzessin in Preu�en,
postulierte �btissin des Stifts Herford.
She was daughter of Johann Georg II von Anhalt-Dessau (1627-60-93) and
Henriette Katherine of Nassau-Oranje, and widow of Margrave Philipp
Wilhelm von Brandenburg-Schwedt (1669-1688-1711). Mother of 6
children, and in 1764 her granddaughter Friederike Charlotte
Leopoldine Luise became the last reigning abbess of the territory.
Johanna Charlotte lived (1682-1750). |
|
1730-33 Sovereign Dame Susanne Le Pelley of Sark (English
Crown Dependency) |
Also known as La Dame du Serq, Susan le Pelley n�e Le Gros bought the fief after the death of
the former owner, the Englishman James Milner, from his executor. She
was daughter of the former Judge, Jean Le Gros, and widow of Nicolas
Le Pelley, her cousin, who had died in 1719. Her purchase that was an
indication of the wealth derived from her late husband's privateering
ventures, initiated a line of Le Pelley Seigneurs that lasted for some
120 years until 1852. As the Le Pelley family had long been prominent
in the public and commercial life of Guernsey, their acquisition of
the fief further strengthened Sark's association with Guernsey, and
the consequent weakening of the ties with Jersey. The new Dame decided
to remain in the Le Gros family house at La Perronerie, which was
extensively rebuilt as the new Seigneurie, and a Colombier
(Pigeon-house), the exclusive privilege of the owner of a fief hubert,
was erected in the grounds to mark the house's newly acquired status.
In the winter of 1731 the island suffered its worst outbreak of
smallpox. Constituting about ten percent of the whole population. She
was succeeded by her son Nicholas who died childless in 1742, and the
Seignory passed to his younger brother Daniel who died in 1752.
She lived (1668-1733). |
|
1730-56 Regent Dowager Empress Berhan Mugasa Mentewab of
Ethiopia |
After the death of her husband the Emperor Bakaffa, Empress Mentewab
scrambled to ensure the succession of her underage son Eyasu II, and
had herself crowned as co-ruler to help him govern. She played a
leading role during his reign, and following his murder, in the reign
of his son Eyoas I as well. After the murder of her grandson Eyoas I,
her influence decreased considerably, but she remained a deeply
respected figure. Although she had been involved in raging
disagreements with her grandson during his life, the murder of Emperor
Eyoas I on the orders of her son-in-law, Ras Michael Sehul, horrified
her, and was to cause her life-long sorrow, she refused to return to
the capital. She lived to see two more Emperors on the throne, and
officials continued to pay respectful visits to her although she
retired from political activity. Her second husband was Gerazmatch
Iyasu, with whom she had three daughters before he was killed on the
orders of her son. She lived (circa 1710-73). |
|
1730-95 De facto Ruler Begum Mamola Bai of Bhopal (India)
1777 Regent
of
Bhopal |
Exercised a dominant influence during the reign of her husband, Yar
Mohammad Khan (1728-42) after their marriage. After his death, she was
de facto ruler during the reign of her stepson Faiz Mohammad Khan, who
concentrated on religious contemplation. After his death she acted as
regent and quickly proclaimed Faiz' brother, Hayat, as Nawab, but Faiz'
widow, Bahu Begum, lead a
revolt and set up an alternative government which lasted until 1780.
Also during Hayat's reign she was the effective ruler, and it was she
who took decisions on military campaigns and all other administrative
affairs. She was born as a Hindu Rajput Princess, and lived (1715-95). |
|
1730-39 Saliha Sabkati Valide Sultan of The Ottoman Empire
(Covering Turkey, Greece, The Balkans, parts of the Middle East and
Northern Africa) |
After the death of Ahmed III a revolt of the Janissaries put her son
with Mustafa II, Mahmud I (1750-54) on the throne, and she became
Sultan Valide and in some aspects considered joint-ruler with
theoretical jurisdiction over the women in the empire. Affairs of
state were largely in the capable hands of the Nubian Agha Beshir
(1653�1746), who was the power behind a number of successive grand
viziers At the tune Ottoman Empire was involved in wars with Persia.
1737 Emperor Karl IV entered the war with Russia on Russian side, but
by the separate peace of Belgrade (1739) he restored North Serbia to
Turkey. Mahmud was succeeded by his brother, Osman III.
Saliha lived
(1680-1739). |
|
1730-43 Princess-Abbess Anna-Margarete von Gemmingen of Lindau (Germany)
|
Her
family were Lords of Gemmingen, Bad Rappenau et cetera in present day's
Baden-W�rttemberg. |
|
1730-34 Princess-Abbess Maria Magdalena von Hallwyl of
S�ckingen (Germany)
|
The
city was under occupation by French Troops during the Polish
Succession War 1733-35. She got permission from Prince-Bishop Johann
Franz Schenk von Stauffenberg of Bern for the canonisses to wear a
special order of the chapter (Ordenszeichen). The daughter of Johann
Joseph von Hallwyl, Lord of Blidegg and Zihlschacht and Maria Julia
Katharina von Sch�nau-Oeschgen, she lived (1692-1734). |
|
1730-62 Titular Duchess Dowager
Princess Dorothea Christine von Aichelburg of Reinfeld and
Reigning Dowager Lady of the Administrative Office and Castle
of Reinfeld in Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Nordburg
(Germany) |
Her son Friedrich Carl (1706-61) was born
3 months after the death of her husband, Prince Christian Carl von
Holstein-Nordborg (1674-1706). The king of Denmark granted him the
name of Schleswig-Holstein-Nordborg-Carlstein. Her brother-in-law
Joachim Friedrich (1668-1722), inherited the Duchy of Pl�n from a
relative later in 1706, but since his daughters could not inherit
the title, it went to Friedrich Carl, after a decree from the Danish
king, who determined that her marriage to Christian Carl had been
"equal" and not Morganatic and occupied the territory on his behalf.
The next in line, the duke of Holstein-Rethwisch sued, her son
counter-sued, and the matter dragged on for years until the
Rethwisch-line died out in 1729 and her son inherited Rethwisch as
well. 1730 her son married Christiane Irmgard Reventlow, the nice of
Anne Sofie Rventlow, the morganatic wife of King Frederik of
Denmark, and finally in 1731 the Emperor determined the case in the
favour of her son, who was invested with the title and she was then
grated the Administrative office of Reinfeld as her dowry. Another
version of her surname is von Eichelberg, and she lived (1674-1762). |
|
1730-31 Reigning Lady
Maria Adelheid Maximiliana
von G�tzengrien auf Tutzing of the Hofmark of Tutzing
with
Ober- und Unterzeismering,
Traubing, Monatshausen and Diemendorf and a number of outlying areas in Bavaria
(Germany) |
Resigned in favour of her sister Maria Theresia C�cilia
and continued to live with her and her daughter until she got married in 1738. When her husband died already 1743
she returned.
|
|
1731-47
Reigning Lady
Maria C�cilia
Theresia Violanda
von
G�tzengrien
auf
Tutzing
of the Hofmark of Tutzing
with
Ober- und Unterzeismering,
Traubing, Monatshausen and Diemendorf and a number of outlying areas in Bavaria
(Germany) |
Returned to her family's possessions after the death of her husband, Freiherr
Ferdinand Joseph von Vieregg, whom she had married in 1710. He was father
of 5 surviving children aged 24 to 1� years from 2 earlier marriages. She gave
birth to 9 children between 1711 and 1723. Only the oldest daughter, Maria
Christina Adelheit
and 4 sons survived. Back in Tutzing she agreed with her 2 surviving sisters that
she would take over the administration of the Hofmark. Her sons went to
university and her daughter helped her with the duties in the territory which had
a total of 80 inhabitants. Her pharmaceutical knowledge was of great help to the villagers. She was
deeply involved in the daily life of her subjects and the ecclesiastical life of
the territory. She experienced financial problems during the Bavarian war with Austria
during the succession-war 1742-45. During the end of her reign she left more and
more of the administration to her daughter and left the Hofmark to one of her
sons and retired to the Ladies Chapter in Moosburg. Her oldest son, Matheus Karl Anton, received the Estate of Tutzing with Starnberg
and R�sselberg and 1748 he married Maria Theresa Renata Chlotildis Baronin de Spontin,
her younger son, Maximilian Ernst von G�tzengrien, married the
daughter and only heir of Hans Albrecht Viehbeck von und zu Haimbhausen |
|
1731 Sovereign Princess Louise-Hippolyte Grimaldi of Monaco,
Princesse de Ch�teau-Porcien, Marquise de Les Baux, Chilly
and Guiscard, Comtesse de Carlad�s Baroness of
Calvinet and
Buis-les-Baronnies and Massy, Sovereign Dame of
Mentone and
Roccabruna, Dame de Saint-R�my de Province
|
In
January she succeeded her father, Antonio I and in December she died
in childbed giving birth to her third child, and successor Honore.
Jacques IV de Goyon de Matignon, Duke of Estouteville, Valentinois,
Count of Thorigny, Lord of Matignon, Baron of Saint-L�, Hambye and La
Luthumi�re, Heditary Governor of Cherbourg, Granville the Island of
Chausey, who assumed the surname of Grimaldi and succeeded his wife,
but abdicated two years later in favour of their son Honor� III, and
continued as his regent for some years. She lived (1697-1731). |
|
1731-90 Sovereign Duchess Maria-Theresa Cybo-Malaspina of Massa
e Carrara, Sovereign Princess of Carrara, 6th Duchess of Ajello,
Baroness di Paduli, Sovereign Lady of Moneta and Avenza
and Lady of Lago, Laghitello, Serra and Terrati (Italy) |
Succeeded father, Alderamo Cybo Malaspina (1690-1731). She first
married Eugene de Savoia, Count of Soissons and Duke of Troppau, by
proxy but never in person because he died in 1734. Four years later
she married Ercole III Rinaldo d'Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio
(1727-1803). 1744 she received her imperial investiture and took over
command of her state and reigned with energy and competence. She was
known as a nice and sensible person, who had been well educated by her
mother, with the emphasis on clemency, moderation and patience. She
reformed the laws, built a hospital and promoted art, culture and
architecture, in 1787 she transferred the fief of Ajello to her
brother-in-law, the Prince of without any feudal prerogatives, and was
succeeded by her only daughter, Maria Beatrice d'Este. The surname is
also spelled Cibo-Malaspina.
She lived (1725-90). |
|
1731-44 Regent Dowager Duchess Ricciarda Gonzaga
di
Novellara of Massa e Carrara (Italy) |
Named "custode e tutrice" of her oldest daughter, Maria Teresa, in
the will of her husband, Alderano I, and received the Imperial Diploma in 1732. 1728 she
had succeeded her brother, Filippo Alfonso, as Countess Regnant di
Novellara-Bagnolo, but in 1731 county was given in dowry to Maria
Teresa and included in the Duchy Modena. Ricciarda was mother of three
daughters, and lived (1698-1768). |
|
1731 Member of the Council of Regency Dowager Duchess
Enrichetta Maria d'Este of Parma e Piacenza (January-December) (Italy) |
Co-regent for grandnephew, Felipo Carlo of Spain, who succeeded her
husband, Antonio Farnese, who had been duke of Parma e Piacenza since
1727. |
|
1731-35 Member of the Council of Regency Dowager Duchess
Dorothea Sofia von der Pfalz-Neuburg of Parma e Piacensa (Italy) |
In
1690 she was married to hereditary-prince Odoardo Farnese, who died
1693. Three years later she married his half-brother, Francesco, who
had been duke since 1694. He was succeeded by another brother,
Antonio, in 1727. After his death in 1731 Dorothea Sofia's
daughter-son, Felipo Carlo de Borbone became duke of Parma. He was son
of her daughter with Odoardo, Elisabetta Farnese - Queen Isabel of
Spain - and Dorothea Sofia became co-regent.
She lived
(1670-1748). |
|
1731-38 Bor Raj Regnant Ambika Devi of Ahom (India)
|
Originally named Drupadi or Deopadi, she married the widower of her
sister, Bor Raj Pramathesvari Devi, the former king Siva Singha,
who made her the next Bor Raja, with the name Ambika. She constructed
the Shiva Dol (temple) at Sibsagar, which is the highest
Shiva dol in Assam. Gauri Sagar tank and Sibsagar tank were dug at the
instruction of 'Bor Raja' Phuleswari and Ambika respectively. She was
succeeded by Savesvari Devi. |
|
1731-34
Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Henrietta Charlotte von Nassau-Idstein
of the Castle and Administrative Office of Delitzsch in Sachsen-Merseburg
(Germany) |
After the death of her husband, Moritz Wilhelm von Sachsen-Merseburg
(1688-1731), she reigned her dowry until her own death. Their only
daughter died at birth. She lived (1693-1734). |
|
Until
1731
Princess-Abbess Maria
Augusta von F�rstenberg of the Royal Chapter St. Georg at the
Hradschin in Prauge (Czech Republic) |
The
daugher of Reichsf�rst Wenzel von F�rstenberg and Maria Josepha
Truchess Trauchburg Friedberg, her German title was gef�rstete
�btissin d. Benediktinerklosters zu Sankt Georg auf dem Hradschin zu
Prag (Sv.
Jiri in Prag).
It
was the
oldest convent in the Bohmian Lands founded in 973 by Prince Boleslav
II and his sister, Mlada. During the reign of Josef II the convent was
abolished in 1782. Maria Augusta (d. 1731). |
|
1731-32
Abbess Nullius
Serafina Girondi of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
Also the Abbesses of Aguileia,
Brescia, Brindisi, Fucecchio and Goleto held semi episcopal authority.
|
|
After 1732-.. Queen Regnant
Ramanandrianjaka II Ravorombato of
Imarovatana (Madagascar) |
Daughter of Princess Rabodofilankanina,
daughter of King Andriamananimerina I of Imarovatana, and expelled
her uncle, king Andriantomponimerina II (ruled from 1732). Her
second husband was Rabezaka, of Anosinimerina, of the
Andriamasinavalona caste of nobility and she was mother of 4 sons
and 4 daughters. |
|
1732-45 Rani Junumabe Adi Raja Bibi I of Cannanore
(India) |
Also known as Junumma Beevi Arakkal Ali
Raja, she was
head of the only muslim ruling house in
what is now Kerala resided in the Arakkal Palace, located 3 km from
Kannur (Cannanore). A daughter of hers was one of the wifes of Prince
Shahzada 'Abdu'l-Khaliq Sultan Sahib of
Khdadad, who was surrendered to Lord Cornwallis in 1792 and returned
to his father 2 years later. Exiled to Vellore in 1799, and deported
to Calcutta with his brothers and the rest of his family in 1806. |
|
1732-36 Rani Regnant Minakshi Ammal of Madrai (India) |
Also known as Meenakshi, she reigned on behalf of
a young boy she had adopted as the heir of her late husband, Vijayaranga Chokkanatha,
to rule the state which was also known as Trichinapali. Vangaru Thirumala , the father of her adopted son, started a rebellion against her after a few years, and representatives of the Mughal emperor of Delhi took the opportunity to attack the kingdom. The invaders took
Tanjore by storm and, leaving the stronghold of Trichinopoly untouched, swept across Madurai and Tinnevelly and into Travancore. Vangaru Thirumala was declared king, but Minakshi did not give up, and made a pact with the emperial representative, Chanda Sahib. Vangaru was given an
other principality. But in 1736 Chanda Sahib returned and made himself master of the kingdom. She was soon was little but a puppet: she had fallen in love with Chanda Sahib and so let him have his own way unhindered, but after defeating Vangaru he locked her up in her palace, and
proclaimed himself ruler of her kingdom. She then committed suicide. |
|
1732-42 Co-Regent Sri Sri Rani Chandrapavati of Gorkha (Nepal) |
Widow of Bhupal Shah, Raja of Gorkha and co-regent with stepson. She
was daughter of the Raja of Palpa. |
|
1732-60
Reigning
Lady Friederike Eleonore von Castell-R�denhausen of
Breitenburg
etc. (Germany) |
Inherited
the estate after her mother, Catharina Hedwig von Rantzau,
whoo took over in 1726..
Her brother and 3 sisters all died as infants. Married to Karl
Friederik Gottileb Graf von Castell-Remligen, was succeeded first by
son and after his death in 1762, by daughter. She lived (1701-60) |
|
1732-67 Political Advisor Duchess Luise Dorothea zu
Sachsen-Meiningen of Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg (Germany) |
Participated
frequently in the meetings of the Privy Council and was very
politically influential during the reign of her
husband, Friedrich III
(1699-1732-72). She was a friend of Friedrich the Great, was in close
contact with Diderot, Rousseau and Voltaire, who visited her in 1753.
She was daughter of Duke Ernst
Ludwig I. of Sachsen-Meiningen and Dorothea Maria von Sachsen-Gotha
und Altenburg, mother of several children, and
lived (1710-67). |
|
1732-40 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Magdalena Augusta
von
Anhalt-Zerbst of Altenburg in Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg |
Widow of Friedrich II. von Sachsen-Gotha
(1676-1732), of their 18 children 7 sons and 2 daughters survived. She
lived (1679-1740). |
|
1732-35 Princess-Abbess
Aloysia von Widmann of the Royal Chapter St. Georg at the
Hradschin in Prauge (Czech Republic) |
Her election
was confirmed by Karl 6 of Austria-Hungary, Emperor of the Holy Roman
Empire. |
|
1732-35
Reigning Abbess-General
Clara Antonia de Helguero y Albarado of the Monastery of Santa Maria
la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
A
relative (possibly sister), Ana Mar�a, was Abbess-General
1723-26 and 1729-32. |
|
1732-43 Official Representative of the Herrnhut Bretheren
Countess Erdmut Dorotea von Zinzendorf (Germany) |
From the time of her marriage to Reichsgraf Nikolaus Ludwig von
Zinzendorf she had been in charge of all the financial and economic
aspects of his attempt to create a pietistic community and she
administered all the estates and manors. After he had been banned from
Sachsen she took over the leadership (Ortsherrschaft) of Berthelsdorf
and Herrnhut were officially transferred to her, she was lady of the
estate of Oberlausitz and "House Mother" of the "Pilgergemeine" which
lived in exile with her husband. As the Official Representative she
travelled to Denmark, Estonia (Livonia) and Russia. 1743 she withdrew
to the private life because of health-problems. Born as Countess Reu�
aus Ebersdorf, and lived (1700-56) |
|
1733-38 Regent Dowager Countess Luise von Nassau-Ottweiler of
Salm-Dhaun (Germany) |
After the death of her husband, Karl (1697-1717-33) she ruled in the
name of their third and only surviving son, Johann Philipp III (1723-33-42),
who was succeeded by his unmarried uncle, Christian Otto, who died
1748, then by a cousin, Johann
Friedrich, who died 1750 and his two sons, who died later that year at
the age of 2 and a few months old. She was also mother of 10
daughters.
She lived
(1686-1773). |
|
1733-38 (�) Regent Dowager Countess Franziska Charlotte zur
Lippe-Detmold of Bentheim-Steinfurt and Alpen (Germany) |
Following the death of her husband, Friedrich Belgicus Karl
(1703-13-33), she was regent for son Karl von Bentheim-Steinfurt,
Count of Steinfurt and Alpen. After her death the regency was taken
over by some of her late husband's relatives.
She lived
(1703-38). |
|
1733-45 Sovereign Princess Maria Eleonora Boncompagni Ludovisi
of Elba and Piombino, Marchioness of Populonia, Princess
of Venosa and Countess of Conza, Lady di Scarlino, Populonia,
Vignale, Abbadia del Fango, Suvereto, Buriano, Isola d�Elba,
Montecristo, Pianosa, Cerboli e Palmaiolan (Italy) |
The
oldest of six sisters, she succeeded her mother Ippolita Ludovisi who
had died in 1724, and married her uncle Don Antonio I Boncompagni, who
became Prince of Piombino by the right of his wife (1658-1721), and
lived (1686-1745). |
|
1733-35 Regent Dowager Duchess Karoline von Nassau-Saarbr�cken
of Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Zweibr�cken (Germany)
|
After the death of her husband, Herzog Christian III, Count Palatine
of Birkenfeld, Bischweiler und Rappoltstein from 1717 and Duke of
Zweibr�cken 1731, she became regent for their son, Christian IV
(1722-35-75). One of her daughters, Karoline Henriette Christine,
became known as the Grand Countess of Hessen-Darmstadt (die gro�e
Landgr�fin) during her marriage to Ludwig IX. Her mother-in-law was
Catharina Agathe, Sovereign Countess von Rappoltstein from 1676.
Caroline was mother of 2 daughters and another son, and lived
(1704-74). |
|
1733-40 Sovereign Princess H�l�ne de Courtenay-Chevillon of
Courtenay, Comtesse de C�zy, Dame de Bl�neau (France) |
Her
brother, Charles-Roger de Courtenay, died in 1730 and was succeeded by
their father's unmarried uncle, Roger (1647-1733). After his death she
inherited the claim to the title as the last member of the line of the
Capet-family. In 1712 she had married Louis-B�nigne de Bauffremont,
Marquis of Listenois, and the family has used the prince de Courtenay,
as well as a number of other princely titles. Their title of prince of
the Holy Roman Empire conferred in 1757 was authorized in France the
same year.
She lived (1689-1740). |
|
1733-38 Reigning Abbess Anne Therese de Rohan-Montbazon of the Royal Abbey of Jouarre
(France) |
Daughter of Charles III de Rohan, 5th Duc de Montbazon, Pr de Gu�m�n�, etc, and
his second wife Charlotte Elizabeth de Cochefilet. One sister was a nun at the
chapter and two of her sisters were also abbesses, Marie Anne Benigne, at
Panthemont and Angelique Eleonore at Preaux and Marquette. She lived (1684-1738). |
|
1733-57 Politically influential Queen Maria Josefa von
Habsburg of Poland and Sachsen |
When her husband, Elector Friederich August II von Sachsen or King
August III of Poland (16961733-63) was in Poland she functioned as his
representative, if not as an official regent in Sachsen. Ministers and
ambassadors reported to her and she maintained a large network of
correspondence. She was a powerful personality, who exercised great
influence over her husband, and whose authority was recognised by all
members of the court. She also participated actively in the
negotiations in the Reichstag (Assembly). All of her surviving 11
children made good marriages, but this alignment with Austria and the
rest of Catholic Europe provoked the aggression of Prussia, and led to
the Seven Years War, which began in 1756, when Sachsen was occupied by
King Friederich II. Her husband escaped to Poland, but she chose to
stay back and organised the defence together with her son, Friederich
Christian and his wife, Maria Antonia, and she used her big
international network to do her best to save the electorate from total
destruction. As there were no male Habsburg Heirs to the Austrian
Empire she and her sister Maria Amalia (influential in Bavaria since
1722), had been given precedence in the succession in the secret "Pactum
Mutuae Successions", but later her uncle, Karl VI, paved the way for
the succession of his daughter, Maria-Theresia in 1740 through the
Pragmatic Sanction. Instead she tried to have her husband Holy Roman
Emperor after the death of Karl VI and his successor, Karl VII, in
1744. She lived (1699-1757). |
|
1734-47 Regent Dowager Princess Johanette Wilhelmine von
Nassau-Idstein-Wiesbaden of Lippe-Detmold (Germany) |
Widow of Simon Henrich Adolf, she was in charge of the government in
the name of her son, Simon August (1727-34-82). She was daughter of
Duke Georg August Samuel and Dorothea von �ttingen. |
|
1734-51 Payung e-ri Luwu We Tenrileleang Aisyah Bahjatuddin of
Luwu
1747-76 Datuk of Tanette (Indonesia) |
The
daughter of Fatima, who ruled 1713-19, she succeeded a relative,
Batari Toja, and was succeeded by another female ruler, Petta Matinroe
ri Kaluku Bodoe. In Tanette she succeeded her brother, La Odanriu
Daeng Mattiri Ysuf Fakhruddin. She married La Mappaselli Aru Patojo
(died 1732) and then Tolaowe Sapirie, the Datu of Mario ri Awa, and
the daughter from this marriage, We Panang-areng, became Datu of Mario
ri Wawo. |
|
1734 Joint Sovereign Countess Juliana Dorothea II von
L�wenstein-Wertheim
of 12/48th of Limpurg-Gaildorf (Wurmbrandische Antheil)
(Germany) |
Juliana Dorothea von L�wenstein-Wertheim succeeded her mother, Juliana Dorothea I von Limpurg-Gaildorf, and married to Heinrich I
von Reuss zu Schleitz (d. 1744), and succeeded by daughter, Luise.
She lived (1694-1734). |
|
1734-73 Joint Sovereign Countess Luise von Reuss zu Schleitz of
12/48th of Limpurg-Gaildorf (Germany) |
Daughter of Juliana Dorothea I, she was married to
Christian-Wilhelm von Sachsen-Gotha (d. 1748) and Johann August von
Sachsen-Gotha (d. 1767), and succeeded by a daughter from each
marriage, and lived (1726-73). |
|
1734-56 Joint Sovereign Countess Marie Anne Marguerite von
Wurmbrand-Stuppach of 12/48th of Limpurg-Gaildorf [-Wurmbrand]
(Germany) |
Also known as Mariana Margaretha Leopoldine, Maria Anna Magalena or Margaretha, she was the third daughter of Juliana Dorothea I (1677-1734),
and also known as Mariana gebohrne Gr�fin von
Wurmbrand
regierende Gr�fin zu Limpurg-Gaildorf (N�e Countess von Wurmbrand, reigning
Countess of Limpurg-Gaildrof), she married her cousin
Wilhelm Karl Ludwig von Solms-Assenheim, the son of her maternal aunt,
Wilhelmine Christine, who inherited a fifth of his mother's
half of Limpurg in 1758 (Adding up to 6/48).
They were succeeded by their daughter Christiane Wilhelmina, and lived (1702-56). |
|
1734-35 Titular Head of the Moctezuma Dynasty of the Kingdom of
Tecnochtitlan Do�a Teresa Nieto de Silva y Moctezuma, VI Condesa de
Moctezuma de Tultengo [Mexico] |
A descendant of a sister of the 2nd Conde/Condesa. She was also
Grandesa de Epa�a and III. Marquesa de Tenebron, Vizcondesa de Iluc�n,
and was married to Don Gaspar Antonio de Oca Sarmiento. She lived
(1669-1701). |
|
1734-53 Princess-Abbess Maria Josepha Regina von Liebenfels of
S�ckingen (Germany)
|
The territory was raided during riots in 1741, the so-called 'Salpetererunruhen
auf dem Hotzenwald'
-
peasents riots -
and afterwards she allowed the County of Havenstein to pay off the
serfs and reached an agreement with the Town of S�ckingen about the
contracts of priests. The church with had been rebuild in Baroque Style
in 1740, was destroyed by another fire already in 1751 and she ordered
that it should be rebuild in the new Rococo style. The daughter of Heincich Christoph von Liebenfels, Lord zu Worblingen and Maria Rosa
Freiin Vogt von Altensumerau und Prasberg, and lived (1700-53). |
|
1734-35
Abbess Nullius Rosa Caporossi of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
Exercised, through a
vicar, amost episcopal jurisdiction in the abbital fief of
Castellana. Among
the many privileges she enjoyed
was that
of appointing her own vicar-general through whom she governed her
abbatial territory. |
|
1734-89 Reigning Abbess Anne de Clermont-Chaste of
Chelles (France) |
Former Canoness at Saint-Cyr, Abbess of Saint Paul de Beurepaire en Vienne in
1725 and later of Chelles. A large number of her relatives were bishops, abbesses
and abbots. (b. 1697-1789). |
|
1735-58 Co-Reigning Margravine Wilhelmine zu Preussen
of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Germany) |
The
sister of Friedrich the Great of Prussia she was de-facto joint regent
with her husband, Friedrich von Hohenzollern of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.
She
emulated the musical and cultural standards Frederick had achieved at
the Prussian Court. The most lasting monument from her time there is
the superb Baroque opera house. It's not clear how much Wilhelmine
wrote, as most of it is lost; however her compositions include the
opera Argenore and several arias.
She lived (1709-58). |
|
1735-75 Joint Sovereign Countess Juliana-Franziska von Pr�sing
of a Portion of Amt Schmiedefeld within the County of Limpurg-Sontheim (Germany) |
Also known as Countess von Pr�sing von Limburg, she was daughter of
Wilhelmina-Sofia zu Limpurg-Sontheim, she was married to Rheingraf
Karl-Vollrath zu Solm-Grumbach (d. 1768), and succeeded by son,
Karl-Ludwig, who married Elisabeth-Christine von Leiningen, Co-Heiress
von Gaildorf and then to Friederike von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein,
co-heiress von Sontheim (1767-1849). This part of the County was sold
to W�rttemberg in 1781.Juliana-Franziska lived
(1709-75). |
|
1735-57 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Johanna
Elisabetha von Baden-Durlach of Kirchheim in W�rttemberg (Germany) |
She was also known as Johanne Elisabethe,
and lived alone in the Alte Schloss
in Stuttgart after her husband, Eberhard Ludwig had left her. She
spent most of her energy fighting for her position as consort. After
1711 she boycotted all court-functions attended by her husband's
mistress Christina Wilhelmina von Gr�venitz. Her only son, Friedrich
Ludwig died in 1731, and when her husband died 4 years later, she took
up residence in the Castle of Kirchheim.
She lived
(1680-1757). |
|
1735-47 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess
Christine Luise von Oettingen-Oettingen of Blankenburg in
Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel
(Germany) |
During her first years of marriage she resided
together with her husband, Duke Ludwig Rudolf von
Braunschweig-Wolfenb�ttel, in Blankenburg, which he had been given to
him by his father as apanage and 1707 Emperor Joseph I elevated the
Lordship to a Principality. They held an elaborate court and she was
influential with regards to political affairs and appointments
to state offices. Afater his death she returned to Blankenburg where
she promoted culture and art and expanded the castle. She was daughter
of Albrecht Ernst I. zu Oettingen-Oettingen (1642�1683) and Christine
Friederike von W�rttemberg (1644�1674), mother of 4 daughters, of whom
3 survived, and lived (1671-1747). |
|
1735-63 Princess-Abbess Maria Anna Franzisca zu Rhein of
Sch�nis (Switzerland) |
Her
aunt, Maria Anna Susana zu Rhein, had been ruler of the territory
1701-11. The daughter of Johann Franz Ludwig zu Rhein zu Mortzwiller
and Maria Sibylla von Roggenbach, she lived (1684-1763). |
|
1735-..
Princess-Abbess Anna Scholastica Paulerin von Hohenburg of the Royal Chapter St. Georg at the
Hradschin in Prauge (Czech Republic) |
Emperor
Karl 6 confirmed her election. "Carl der Sechste, R�mischer Kayser",
best�tigt die neugew�hlte �btissin von St. Georg" |
|
1735-38 and 1741-42
Reigning Abbess-General
Mar�a Teresa Barad�n de Oxinalde of the Monastery of Santa Maria la
Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
She
exercised an unlimited secular authority over more than fifty villages
and held her own courts. |
|
1736-38 Regent Rani Sijana Bai of Tanjore (Thanjavur)
(India)
|
Governed the principality after the death of her husband H.H. Meherban
Shrimant Raja Ekoji II [Baba Sahib] Raje Bhonsle Chhatrapati Maharaj,
Raja of Tanjore. (1694-1736)
the Maratha ruler of Thanjavur of the Bhonsle dynast.
She deposed by the pretender Sawai Shahji, who
reigned in 1738. |
|
1736-51 Regent
Dowager Countess Friederike zu Ortenburg of
Castell-Castell (Germany) |
After the death of her husband, Wolfgang Georg II
(1694-1736) she was regent for her son, Count Christian Friederich Karl von Castell-Castell (1730-73), and lived (1712-58). |
|
1736-63 Titular
Countess Anna Vittoria
di Savoia-Carignano of Soissons
(France) |
Inherited the wast estates, castles, 2 Million
Guilders, a library and a enormous collection of paintings from her
unmarried uncle, Prince Eugen von Savoyen (Eugenio di Savoia). Her
father, Prince Luigi Tommaso di Savoia-Soisson, Count of Soissons
(1657-1702) had been been disinherited because of his unequal
marriage to Urania de la Cropte (1655�1717). Together with her
siblings she grew up with their grandmother, Marie de
Bourbon-Cond�, Countess of Soisson 1641-92, and she lived in a
convent until she took over her uncles possessions and married the
20 year younger Prince Joseph Friedrich von Sachsen-Hildburghausen,
who was given 300.000 Guilders in cash and the Castle of Schloss Hof
in Nieder�sterreich. They seperated in 1752 and she lived the rest
of her life in Torino. She was known as Countess of Soissons, but
the title was incoroprated into the title of the Savoian Kings of
Sardegna. The Princess lived (1683-1763). |
|
1737 Regent Princess Benedetta Maria Ernestina d'Este of Modena
and Reggio (Italy) |
After the death of her father, Rinaldo III, she acted as regent
together with sister for their brother Francesco III, who was a
General in the Imperial Army and whose wife, Princess Charlotte
Agla� d�Orl�ans, lived in Paris. Benedetta was unmarried and lived
(1697-1777). |
|
1737 Regent Princess Anna Amalia Giuseppa d'Este of Modena
and Reggio (Italy) |
Married to the Marchese de Villeneuf, a French adventurer, and
lived (1699-1778). |
|
1737-44 Regent Dowager Duchess Maria Augusta von Thurn und
Taxis of W�rttemberg (Germany) |
Her
claims to the regency were good. Her husband, Karl Aleksander
(1684-1737), had entrusted her with the regency of the Duchy during
his planned absence, and he named her as regent for their son, Carl
Eugen, in her will. But the Privy Council and Estates overturned the
will and appointed the senile Carl-Rudolph of W�rttemberg-Neuenstadt
as sole regent among others because she was a catholic, and her three
sons, with Carl Eugen, Ludwig Eugen and Friedrich Eugen became virtual
prisoners in Berlin. She fought the Estates and all other obstacles
and managed to be named Co-regent in 1737, a situation approved by the
Emperor the following year. 1739 she was rumoured to be pregnant with
her lover and exiled to Brussels from 1740. But she manoeuvred her
back into a position of considerable influence in 1744; she broke the
regent's policy of dependency of Prussia by having her son declared of
age. Her influence declined as her son grew more impendent after 1749,
but she continued to speak her mind until she was confined to her
dower hose at G�ppngen, where she died in 1756. She was Daughter of
F�rst Anselm Franz von Thurn und Taxis and Maria Ludovica von
Lobkowitz, Duchess of Sagan (1683-1750), and lived (1706-56). |
|
1737-51
Princess-Abbess
Maria Antonia �beracker
of
G�ss bei Leoben (Austria) |
Member of an Austrian Countly family |
|
1737-43 "Hereditary Grand Duchess" Anna Maria Luisa De� Medici
of Toscana (Italy) |
After the death of her husband, Johann Wilhelm of Sachsen in 1716, she
moved back to Toscana. Her father, Cosimo III had her named heiress in
1714 supported by the major powers. In 1723 her brother Gian Gastone
succeeded to the throne and in 1731 he accepted Charles de Bourbone
(who had claims through his mother) as heir, provided that she was
reserved a right to play a role in the Cabinet. But in 1735 the Grand
Duchy was occupied by Spain
and a treaty was concluded making Franz Stephan von Lothringen
(husband of Empress Maria-Theresia of Austria-Hungary
(�sterreich-Ungarn)) heir in 1737.
Her brother died soon after, and she inherited the family's enormous
possessions and soon after concluded a "Treaty or Convention of the
Family", with her successors, the Grand Dukes of Lorraine in 1737, by
which all the art treasures belonging to the Medici family became
property of the city of Florence museums for the enjoyment of people
from all over the world. The title had been transferred to Franz
Stephan von Lothringen, who descended from a female member of the De'
Medici family. She did not have any children, and lived (1667-1743). |
|
1738-42 Regent Dowager Margravine Magdalene Wilhelmine
von W�rttemberg of Baden-Hochberg zu Durlach (Germany) |
After the death of her husband, Margrave Karl II Wilhelm (1679-38) she
took over the regency for her grandson, Karl Friedrich (1728-1811),
together with another regent. Karl Friedrich who later became Elector
of Baden and then Grand Duke was son of her second son, Friedrich
(1703-32) and Anna Charlotte Amalie von Nassau-Dietz (1710-77).
Magdalene
Wilhelmine lived (1677-1742). |
|
1738-41 H.H. I-Danraja Siti Nafisah Karaeng Langelo binti
al-Marhum,
Arumpone of Bone (Indonesia)
|
Succeeded Sultana Zainab Zakiat ud-din. She was second daughter
of H.H. I-Mappainga Karaeng Lempangang Paduka Sri Sultan Safi ud-din,
Sultan of Tallo, by his first wife, H.H. I-Tanitaja Siti Amira Maning
Ratu, Arung Palakka and Heir Apparent of Bone, whose father was
sultan 1720-21. Siti Nafisah died unmarried and lived (1729-41). |
|
1738-44 Bor Raja Regnant Sarvesvari Devi of Ahom (India)
|
The third consecutive Queen or "Chief king" in succession to Ambika Devi. Like her two predecessors, she was possibly also married
to the ex-king Siva Singha (1714-1744), who had abdicated because an
astrologer told him that he was in danger of being dethroned. |
|
1738-1800 Hereditary Countess Charlotte Sophie of Aldenburg
(Germany)
1738-54 Lady of the Free Lordship of Knyphausen and
Noble Lady of Varel, Lady of Sengwarden, Fedderwarden and
Accum (Germany), Lady of Doorwerth (The Netherlands) |
Daughter of Anton II von Aldenburg and Baroness Anna von Inn- und
Knyphausen (1690-1718) and succeeded her father as Head of the
Reichsfreie Herrlichkeit Kniphausen (semi-independent territory) and
to the titles Frau of the Freie Herrlichkeit of Knyphausen and the
Noble Lordship of Varel. She reigned jointly with her husband the
Dutch Count Wilhelm van Bentnick und Altenburg (1704-74) until their
divorce in 1754. Since the age of 14 she had been love with Count
Albrecht Wolfgang zu Schaumburg-Lippe, and they maintained their
connection, which ended in a major scandal. She lived (1715-1800).
|
|
1738-... Joint Guardian Dowager Countess Wilhelmine
Maria von Hessen-Homburg of Aldenburg and Knyphausen et cetera (Germany) |
The
year after Count Anton III (1681-1738) died, Count Albrecht Wolfgang
von Schaumburg-Lipe-B�ckeburg was confirmed as co-guardian for her
daughter on her request. She was daughter of Friederich von Hessen-Homburg
and Luise Elisabeth von Kurland, mother of one daughter, and lived
(1678-1770). |
|
1738-41 Joint Sovereign Countess Sophie Christine zu
Erbach-Erbach of a Part of the Amt of Michelbach within the County of Limpurg-Sontheim (Germany) |
Daughter of Sophia-Eleonora zu Limpurg-Sontheim,
she married Friedrich
Ludwig von L�wenstein, joint heir of Spontheim, trough his mother
Am�ne Sofie I. They
had one daughter, Sophie Charlotte, who lived (1739-42), and after her death, he
took posesion of the Lordship of Limpurg-Sontheim-Michelbach in her
name. Friedrich-Ludwig remarried with Sophie Luise zu Solms Assenheim.
Sophia Christine lived
(1716-41). |
|
1738-86 Joint Sovereign Countess Friederike Charlotte
Wilhelmine zu Erbach-Erbach
of the Amt of Michelbach within the County of Limpurg-Sontheim
|
Inherited the whole Amt of Michelbach.
Sister of Sophia Christine, she was married to Johann-Ludwig-Vollrath
von L�wenstein-Wertheim, brother of Friedrich Ludwig. They were
succeeded by son, Johann Karl, who had two sons.
Friederike lived
(1722-86). |
|
1738-? The Iyoba Ede of Uselu in Benin (Nigeria) |
Mother of King Eresonyen of Benin (1735-50), who successfully fought
the rebellious chiefs and restored power and legitimacy to the Benin
Monarchy. As Queen Mother she was a senior town chief. She lived in
her own palace outside the capital. She did not appear in public and
did not have an official role in the political system, but she was
always "consulted" by important political decisions, and her vote was
necessary in the political decision process. |
|
1738-41 and 1745-48
Reigning
Abbess-General
Isabel Rosa de Orense
of the Royal Monastery of Santa
Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
Several members of her family was elected to the office of Se�ora
Abadesa of Las Huelgas.
|
|
1738-73
Princesse-Abbesse Anne Charlotte I de Lorraine of
Remiremont, Dame de Saint Pierre and Metz et cetera (France)
1754-73 Secular Abbess of Sainte-Waudru in Mons (Belgium)
1756-73 Coadjutrix of Thorn (The Netherlands)
1757-73 Coadjutrix of Essen (Germany) |
Daughter of Duke L�opold I Joseph of Lorraine and �lisabeth
Charlotte d'Orl�ans, and moved to the Low Countries where
sister-in-law, Anna-Maria was Governor-General in 1744 and her
brother, Karl, continued in office after his wife's death until 1746
and then again 1749-80. Her other brother, Franz Stephan, married
Anna-Maria's sister, Empress Maria-Theresia of Austria-Hungary. Anne
Charlotte
became her brother's close advisor and very influential. From 1760
with the title of Dame instead of Demoiselle. In
1766 Lorraine was incorporated in France after having belonged to the
Holy Roman Empire for centuries
and lived (1714-73). |
|
1738-70 Reigning Abbess
Dorothea Sybilla von Mentzingen of the Immediate Chapter of Kraichgau
(Germany) |
Member of an old local noble family, which held high administrative and
ecclesiastical offices throughout the centuries. No successor was appointed
until 1775. |
|
1738-92 Reigning Abbess Catherine-Henriette de Montmorin of the Royal Abbey of
Jouarre (France) |
Doubled the Monastery buildings. One of the wings, the porch of the actual rue
Montmorin and the chaplain's residence is still the major part of the Abbey.
From 1790, the lands of the Abbey were confiscated by the revolutionary
Committee, the buildings were put up for sale and the expulsion order was
promulgated in 1792. This event was to be the death of the Abbess. She passed
away on September 27th. |
|
1738-40
Abbess Nullius Giuseppa Bassi of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
There was also Abbesses with semi-episcopal authority in France and
Spain. |
|
1738-43 Abbess Friederike von Wurttemberg-Neuenstadt of the
Chapter of Vall� (Denmark) |
Danish Dowager Queen Sofie Magdalene had decided to turn the County of Vall�,
which was part of her dowry, into a Lutheran chapter for unmarried
ladies of the high nobility. The abbesses had authority in the Stift
and possessed jus vocandi - the right to appoint the priests in the 17
churches within its territory, and were also in charge of the secular
administration.
She
was daughter of Duke Friedrich August von W�rttemberg-Neuenstadt and
Sofie Esther Gr�fin von Eberstein.
Her
seven brothers died in infancy and only her two sisters survived, and
after the death of their uncle,
Carl Rudolf, she took up residence at the Castle of Neuenstadt
together with one of them, Eleonore Wilhelmine Charlotte (1894-1751).
She lived
(1699-1781) |
|
1739-72
Reigning Abbess Maria
Dioskora Maura von Thurn und Valsassina
of Wald,
Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
A member of the Taxis-family that were divided into the lines of
Counts von Thurn und Valsassina, Princess of Thurn und Taxis and the
Spanish line of Tassis and held the offices of Postmaster General in
the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and other territories. She lived (1702-72). |
|
1739-96 Politically Influential Nawab Aliya Sadrunissa Begum,
Nawab Begum of Oudh (or Avadh) (India) |
Oldest daughter of Burhan-ul-Mulk, Subedar of Avadh and married to her
cousin and father's successor Mirza Muhammad Muqim (Safdar Jung)
(1739-64) in around 1724. When her father died in 1839, Nadir Shah
plundered Delhi in 1739, and the Avadh landlords and small chiefs who
had been effectively subdued by her father, raised their heads and
arms in the attempt to secure their individual independence. In his
capacity as the Nawab of Avadh, her husband was hesitant to face them
despite his superior military strength. Had it not been for Nawab
Begum's forceful promptings, which eventually culminated in success,
there may have been no further history of Avadh. Her court and
courtiers maintained the peace and pomp of Faizabad. Her son,
Shuja-ud-daula's, died in 1775, and together with her daughter-in-law,
Bahu Begum she secured the continued existence of the capital of Avadh,
Faizabad. Imprisoned in 1781 by grandson together with
daughter-in-law. She lived (circa 1712-96). |
|