Catholic Encyclopedia

The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States and designed to serve the Roman Catholic Church. ^[1]

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Abbess

In Christianity, an abbess (Latin abbatissa, feminine form of abbas, abbot) is the female superior of a community of nuns, which is often an abbey.

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Abbot of Sweetheart

The Abbot of Sweetheart (later Commendator of Sweetheart; also Abbot of New Abbey) was the head of the Cistercian monastic community of Sweetheart Abbey, Dumfries and Galloway, founded by monks from Dundrennan Abbey with the patronage of Derbhfhorghaill inghean Ailein (a.k.a. "Dervorguilla Balliol"), Lady of Galloway, about 1275.

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Abecedarian

Abecedarians is a name given to a 16th-century German sect of Anabaptists who rejected all human learning.

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Abjuration

Abjuration is the solemn repudiation, abandonment, or renunciation by or upon oath, often the renunciation of citizenship or some other right or privilege.

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Ablution in Christianity

Ablution, in religion, is a prescribed washing of part or all of the body of possessions, such as clothing or ceremonial objects, with the intent of purification or dedication.

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Accession Declaration Act 1910

The Accession Declaration Act 1910 is an Act which was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom to alter the declaration that the Sovereign is required to make at his or her accession to the throne as first required by the Bill of Rights of 1689.

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Achillius of Larissa

Saint Achillius of Larissa, also known as Achilles, Ailus, Achillas, or Achilius (Άγιος Αχίλλειος) (died 330 AD), was one of the 318 persons present at the First Council of Nicaea.

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Ad sanctam beati Petri sedem

Ad sanctam beati Petri sedem is an apostolic constitution in the form of a papal bull promulgated by Pope Alexander VII in 1656 which judged the meaning and intention of Cornelius Jansen's words in Augustinus, and confirmed and renewed the condemnation in Cum occasione promulgated by Pope Innocent X in 1653 that five propositions found in Augustinus were heretical.

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Adam Contzen

Adam Contzen (17 April 1571, Monschau (Montjoie), Duchy of Jülich—19 June 1635, Munich) was a German Jesuit economist and exegete.

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Adam Kraft

Adam Kraft (or Krafft) (c. 1460?January 1509) was a German stone sculptor and master builder of the late Gothic period, based in Nuremberg and with a documented career there from 1490.

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Adam Weishaupt

Johann Adam Weishaupt (6 February 1748 – 18 November 1830)Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.

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Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier

Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier (August 6, 1840March 18, 1914) was a Swiss-born American archaeologist who particularly explored the indigenous cultures of the American Southwest, Mexico and South America.

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Adrian Fortescue

Adrian Henry Timothy Knottesford Fortescue (14 January 1874 – 11 February 1923) was an English Roman Catholic priest who was an influential liturgist, artist, calligrapher, composer, polyglot, amateur photographer, Byzantine scholar, and adventurer.

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Aelia Flaccilla

Aelia Flavia Flaccilla (31 March 356 – 386), was a Roman empress and first wife of the Roman Emperor Theodosius I. She was of Hispanian Roman descent.

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Agathias

Agathias or Agathias Scholasticus (Ἀγαθίας σχολαστικός; Martindale, Jones & Morris (1992), pp. 23–25582/594), of Myrina (Mysia), an Aeolian city in western Asia Minor (now in Turkey), was a Greek poet and the principal historian of part of the reign of the Roman emperor Justinian I between 552 and 558.

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Agen

The commune of Agen is the prefecture of the Lot-et-Garonne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

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Agnes Mary Clerke

Agnes Mary Clerke (10 February 1842 – 20 January 1907) was an astronomer and writer, mainly in the field of astronomy.

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Agnosticism

Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable.

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Agnus Dei (liturgy)

In the Mass of the Roman Rite and also in the Eucharist of the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran Church, and the Western Rite of the Orthodox Church the Agnus Dei is the invocation to the Lamb of God sung or recited during the fraction of the Host.

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Ahikam

Ahikam (Hebrew אחיקם, "My brother has risen") was one of the five whom, according to the Hebrew Bible, Josiah sent to consult the prophetess Huldah in connection with the discovery of the book of the law.

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Ailbe of Emly

Saint Ailbe (Albeus), usually known in English as St Elvis, (British/Welsh) Eilfyw or Eilfw, was regarded as the chief 'pre-Patrician' saint of Ireland (although his death was recorded in the early 6th-century).

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Akathist

An Akathist Hymn (Ἀκάθιστος Ὕμνος, "unseated hymn") is a type of hymn usually recited by Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic Christians, dedicated to a saint, holy event, or one of the persons of the Holy Trinity.

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Al-Eizariya

Al-Eizariya or al-Azariya (العيزرية, "(place) of Lazarus"), sometimes referred to by its medieval name of Bethany, is a town mostly in Area C of the West Bank.

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Alanya

Alanya, formerly Alaiye, is a beach resort city and a component district of Antalya Province on the southern coast of Turkey, in the country's Mediterranean Region, east of the city of Antalya.

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Alba, Piedmont

Alba (Alba Pompeia) is a town and comune of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Cuneo.

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Alberic of Ostia

Alberic of Ostia (1080–1148) was a Benedictine monk, and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia from 1138 to 1148.

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Albert I of Käfernburg

Albert I of Käfernburg (Albrecht I. von Käfernburg; – 15 October 1232) was Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1205 until his death.

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Albert of Vercelli

Saint Albert of Jerusalem (Albertus Hierosolymitanus, also Blessed Albert, Albert of Vercelli or Alberto Avogadro; died 14 September 1214) was a canon lawyer.

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Aldebert

Aldebert, or Adalbert, was a preacher in 8th century Gaul.

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Aleixo de Menezes

Archbishop Aleixo de Menezes or Alexeu de Jesu de Meneses (25 January 1559 – 3 May 1617) was Catholic Archbishop of Goa, Archbishop of Braga, Portugal, and Viceroy of Portugal during the Philippine Dynasty.

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Alessandro Piccolomini

Alessandro Piccolomini (13 June 1508 – 12 March 1579) was an Italian astronomer and philosopher from Siena, who promoted the popularization in the vernacular of Latin and Greek scientific and philosophical treatises.

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Alexander de Bicknor

Alexander de Bicknor (1260s? – 14 July 1349; usually spelled "Bykenore" in original Middle English sources) was an official in the Plantagenet kingdom under Edward I of England, Edward II of England, and Edward III of England.

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Alexander of Hierapolis (Syria)

Alexander of Hierapolis (Gr. Ἀλέξανδρος) (fl. 431) was a bishop of Hierapolis Bambyce in Roman Syria.

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Alexandre de Rhodes

Alexandre de Rhodes, S.J. (15 March 1591 – 5 November 1660) was a French Jesuit missionary and lexicographer who had a lasting impact on Christianity in Vietnam.

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Alexis Bachelot

Alexis Bachelot, SS.CC., (born Jean-Augustin Bachelot; February 22, 1796 – December 5, 1837) was a Roman Catholic priest best known for his tenure as the first Prefect Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands.

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Alfred Allen Paul Curtis

Alfred Allen Paul Curtis (July 4, 1831 – July 11, 1908) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Algonquin people

The Algonquins are indigenous inhabitants of North America who speak the Algonquin language, a divergent dialect of the Ojibwe language, which is part of the Algonquian language family.

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Alice Ingham

Alice Ingham (1830–1890) was a Roman Catholic nun and missionary.

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Alleluia

The word "Alleluia" or "Hallelujah" (from Hebrew הללו יה), which literally means "Praise ye Yah", a short form of "Praise Yahweh" and often rendered as "praise the Lord".

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Alois Josef, Freiherr von Schrenk

Alois Josef, Freiherr von Schrenk und Nötzig (in Czech, Aloys Josef svobodný pán Schrenk z Notzing) (24 March 1802 – 5 March 1849) was the Roman Catholic archbishop of Prague from 1838 to 1849.

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Alonso Tostado

Alonso Tostado (also Al(f)onso Fernández de Madrigal, variously known as Alphonsus Tostatus, Tostatus Abulensis, and in Spanish as El Tostado or El Abulense; ca. 1410His year of birth is unknown; it is often estimated as c. 1410, or in some publications as c. 1400–1410;, Madrid (1791) gives 1415. – 3 September 1455) was a Spanish theologian, councillor of John II of Castile and briefly bishop of Ávila.

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Alonzo Cano

Alonzo Cano or Alonso Cano (19 March 16013 September 1667) was a Spanish painter, architect and sculptor born in Granada.

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Alonzo de Barcena

Alonzo de Bárcena (also called de Barzana) was a Spanish Jesuit missionary and linguist who is being designated by the Roman Catholic Church as a candidate for sainthood.

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Aloysius Bellecius

Aloysius Bellecius (15 February 1704, Freiburg im Breisgau — 27 April 1757, Augsburg) was a Jesuit ascetic author.

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Alpha and Omega

Alpha (Α or α) and omega (Ω or ω) are the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, and a title of Christ and God in the Book of Revelation.

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Alphaeus

Alphaeus is a man mentioned in the New Testament as the father of two of the Twelve Apostles, namely.

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Altar

An altar is any structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices are made for religious purposes, and by extension the 'Holy table' of post-reformation Anglican churches.

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Altar bell

In the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, Lutheranism, Methodism and Anglicanism, an altar or sanctus bell is typically a small hand-held bell or set of bells.

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Altar candle

Altar candles are candles set on or near altars for religious ceremonies.

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Altar cloth

An altar cloth is used by various religious groups to cover an altar.

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Altar in the Catholic Church

In a Catholic church, the altar is the structure upon which the Eucharist is celebrated.

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Altar stone

An altar stone is a piece of natural stone containing relics in a cavity and intended to serve as the essential part of an altar for the celebration of Mass in the Roman Catholic Church.

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Altruism (ethics)

Altruism (also called the ethic of altruism, moralistic altruism, and ethical altruism) is an ethical doctrine that holds that the moral value of an individual's actions depend solely on the impact on other individuals, regardless of the consequences on the individual itself.

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Alumbrados

The alumbrados (Illuminated) was a term used to loosely describe practitioners of a mystical form of Christianity in Spain during the 15th-16th centuries.

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Amalek

Amalek (عماليق) is a nation described in the Old Testament of the Hebrew Bible.

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Amalfi

Amalfi is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, in the region of Campania, Italy, on the Gulf of Salerno.

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Amalricus Augerii

Amalricus Augerii was a church-historian of the fourteenth century, and member of the Augustinian Order.

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Amasra

Amasra (from Greek Amastris Ἄμαστρις, gen. Ἀμάστριδος) is a small Black Sea port town in the Bartın Province, Turkey, formerly known as Amastris.

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Ambon (liturgy)

The Ambon or Ambo (Ἄμβων, meaning "step" or "elevate" Slavonic: amvón) is a projection coming out from the soleas (the walkway in front of the iconostasis) in an Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic church.

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Ambronay Abbey

Ambronay Abbey (Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Ambronay; Abbey of Our Lady, Ambronay) was a Benedictine abbey situated in the centre of the French village of Ambronay in the Ain department, of which the church and some buildings around the cloister survive.

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Amice

The amice is a liturgical vestment used mainly in the Roman Catholic church, Lutheran church, some Anglican churches, and Armenian and Polish National Catholic churches.

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Amillennialism

Amillennialism (Greek: a- "no" + millennialism), in Christian eschatology, involves the rejection of the belief that Jesus will have a literal, thousand-year-long, physical reign on the earth.

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Ana de Jesús

Ana de Jesús, O.C.D., translated into English as Ann of Jesus, also known as Ann Lobera (25 November 1545 – 4 March 1621), was a Spanish Discalced Carmelite nun and writer.

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Anastasius Bibliothecarius

Anastasius Bibliothecarius or Anastasius the Librarian (c. 810 – c. 878) was bibliothecarius (literally "librarian") and chief archivist of the Church of Rome and also briefly an Antipope.

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Anastasius Sinaita

Anastasius Sinaïta (Anastasius of Sinai, died after 700), also called Anastasios of Sinai, was a prolific and important seventh century Greek ecclesiastical writer, priest, monk, and abbot of Saint Catherine's Monastery at Mount Sinai.

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Anathema

Anathema, in common usage, is something or someone that is detested or shunned.

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Anchorite

An anchorite or anchoret (female: anchoress; adj. anchoritic; from ἀναχωρητής, anachōrētḗs, "one who has retired from the world", from the verb ἀναχωρέω, anachōréō, signifying "to withdraw", "to retire") is someone who, for religious reasons, withdraws from secular society so as to be able to lead an intensely prayer-oriented, ascetic, or Eucharist-focused life.

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Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical)

Church councils are formal meetings of bishops and representatives of several churches who are brought together to regulate points of doctrine or discipline.

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Ancient See of Børglum

The ancient bishopric of Børglum, sometimes also known as the bishopric of Vendsyssel, seated latterly at Børglum in Denmark, comprised the ancient districts of Vendsyssel and Thy, which between them included the whole of the north of the Jutland peninsula beyond the Limfjord.

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Anderton family

The Anderton family was a notable family, which was divided into several branches and lived in various places throughout the historic county of Lancashire, England.

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Andreas Agnellus

Andreas Agnellus of Ravenna (c. 805 – after 846) was a historian of the bishops in his city.

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Andrew Breen

Rev.

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Angel

An angel is generally a supernatural being found in various religions and mythologies.

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Angel of the Lord

The Angel of the or "an Angel of the " (מַלְאַךְ יְהוָה Malakh YHWH "Messenger of Yahweh", LXX ἄγγελος Κυρίου, ἄγγελος) is an entity appearing repeatedly in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) on behalf of God (Yahweh).

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Angelicals

The Angelicals were an Augustinian order of nuns that were active in Italy from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century.

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Angelo da Clareno

Angelo da Clareno (1247/1248 – 15 June 1337), also known as Angelo Clareno, was the founder and leader of one of the groups of Fraticelli in the early 14th century.

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Angelus

The Angelus (Latin for "angel") is a Catholic devotion commemorating the Incarnation.

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Anger

Anger or wrath is an intense negative emotion.

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Anglican Cistercians

Anglican Cistercians are members of the Anglican Communion who live a common life together according to the Cistercian tradition.

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Anne Dacier

Anne Le Fèvre Dacier (born 1647? died 17 August 1720), better known during her lifetime as Madame Dacier, was a French scholar, translator, commentator and editor of the classics, including the Iliad and the Odyssey.

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Annette von Droste-Hülshoff

Anna Elisabeth Franziska Adolphine Wilhelmine Louise Maria, Freiin von Droste zu Hülshoff, known as Annette von Droste-Hülshoff (10 or 12 January 179724 May 1848), was a 19th-century German writer and composer.

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Annihilationism

Annihilationism (also known as extinctionism or destructionism) is a belief that after the final judgment some human beings and all fallen angels (all of the damned) will be totally destroyed so as to not exist, or that their consciousness will be extinguished, rather than suffer everlasting torment in hell (often synonymized with the lake of fire).

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Anno Domini

The terms anno Domini (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

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Anointing of the sick

Anointing of the sick, known also by other names, is a form of religious anointing or "unction" (an older term with the same meaning) for the benefit of a sick person.

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Anonymous pilgrim of Piacenza

The Piacenza Pilgrim or the Anonymous Pilgrim of Piacenza, was a sixth-century Christian pilgrim from Piacenza in northern Italy who traveled to the Holy Land at the height of Byzantine rule in the 570s and wrote a narrative of his pilgrimage.

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Anselm of Meissen

Anselm of Meissen (Anselm von Meißen, died no later than 1278 in Elbing (Elbląg)) was a priest of the Teutonic Order and the first actual Also online at Bishop of Warmia (Varmia, Ermland, or Ermeland).

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Anselmo Banduri

Anselmo Banduri (18 August 1671 or 1675 – 4 January 1743) was a Benedictine scholar, archaeologist and numismatologist from the Republic of Ragusa.

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Antependium

An antependium (from Latin ante- and pendēre "to hang before"; pl: antependia), also known as a parament or hanging, or, when speaking specifically of the hanging for the altar, an altar frontal (Latin: pallium altaris), is a decorative piece, usually of textile, but also metalwork, stone or other material that can adorn a Christian altar.

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Anthony O'Regan

Anthony O'Regan (July 27, 1809 – November 13, 1866) was an Irish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Anthony Terill

Father Anthony Terill (born 1623, Canford, Dorset, England – died 11 October 1676, Liège (present-day Belgium) was an English Roman Catholic Jesuit theologian. Born in 1623 as Anthony Bonville to a Catholic mother and a Protestant father, in his 15th year, he was received into the Roman Catholic Church and left England, taking the surname Terill. He studied for about three years at the English College of St. Omer, and then began his studies for the priesthood at the English College, Rome, where he was ordained on 16 March 1687. Two months later he entered the Jesuit novitiate at St Andrea. After his noviceship, he was successively penitentiary at Loreto, professor of philosophy at Florence, professor of philosophy and scholastic theology at Parma, director of theological studies and professor of theology and mathematics at the English College, Liège, and for three years rector of the same college where he died with a reputation for "extraordinary piety, talent, learning, and prudence".

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Anti-clericalism

Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters.

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Anti-Masonry

Anti-Masonry (alternatively called Anti-Freemasonry) is defined as "avowed opposition to Freemasonry".

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Antichrist

In Christianity, antichrist is a term found solely in the First Epistle of John and Second Epistle of John, and often lowercased in Bible translations, in accordance with its introductory appearance: "Children, it is the last hour! As you heard that antichrist is coming, so now many antichrists have come".

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Anticlericalism and Freemasonry

The question of whether Freemasonry is Anticlerical is the subject of debate.

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Antigua

Antigua, also known as Waladli or Wadadli by the native population, is an island in the West Indies.

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Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda is a sovereign state in the West Indies in the Americas, lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

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Antimins

The Antimins (from the Greek Ἀντιμήνσιον, Antimension: "instead of the table"), is one of the most important furnishings of the altar in many Eastern Christian liturgical traditions.

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Antinomianism

Antinomianism (from the Greek: ἀντί, "against" + νόμος, "law"), is any view which rejects laws or legalism and is against moral, religious, or social norms (Latin: mores), or is at least considered to do so.

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Antinopolis

Antinopolis (Antinoöpolis, Antinoopolis, Antinoë); (Ἀντινόου πόλις; ⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲱⲟⲩ Antinow; modern Sheikh 'Ibada) was a city founded at an older Egyptian village by the Roman emperor Hadrian to commemorate his deified young beloved, Antinous, on the east bank of the Nile, not far from the site in Upper Egypt where Antinous drowned in 130 AD.

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Antiphonary

An Antiphonary is one of the liturgical books intended for use in choro (i. e. in the liturgical choir), and originally characterized, as its name implies, by the assignment to it principally of the antiphons used in various parts of the Roman liturgy. In current usage Antiphoner refers more narrowly to books containing the chants for the Divine Office in distinction to the Gradual (Graduale or more rarely antiphonarium Missarum), which contains the antiphons used for the Mass. The discussion below is almost entirely drawn from the 1908 article in the Catholic Encyclopedia. Subsequent developments have been the replacement of the Ratisbon editions with the Vatican edition of 1912 and the publication of the Antiphonale monasticum (1934) produced by the Benedictines of Solesmes, In 1971 the Office was substantially revised and renamed the Liturgy of the Hours (Liturgia Horarum) and new books appeared: the Psalterium monasticum (1981) and the Liber hymnarius (1982).

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Antipope

An antipope (antipapa) is a person who, in opposition to the one who is generally seen as the legitimately elected Pope, makes a significantly accepted competing claim to be the Pope, the Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church.

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Antipope Felix II

Antipope Felix, an archdeacon of Rome, was installed as Pope in 355 AD after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe to a sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.

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Antipope Gregory VI

On the death of Pope Sergius IV in June, 1012, "a certain Gregory" opposed the party of the Theophylae (which elected Pope Benedict VIII against him), and got himself made Pope, seemingly by a small faction.

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Antipope Honorius II

Honorius II (c. 1010 – 1072), born Pietro Cadalo (Latin Petrus Cadalus), was an antipope from 1061 to 1072.

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Antipope Natalius

Natalius (Natalis., Natalius., c. 199 - c. 200) was a figure in early church history who is sometimes considered to be the first Antipope of Rome.

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Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie

Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie d'Arrast (3 January 181019 March 1897) was an Irish-born French explorer, geographer, ethnologist, linguist and astronomer notable for his travels in EthiopiaAlthough referred to as Ethiopia here, the region that they traveled is more accurately defined as Abyssinia or in today's geography northern Ethiopia and Eritrea.

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Anton Dereser

Anton Dereser (also known as Thaddaeus a Sancto Adamo, OCD) (3 February 1757, Fahr, Franconia –15 or 16 June 1827, Breslau) was a Discalced Carmelite professor of hermeneutics and Oriental languages.

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Antonio Amico

Antonio Amico (died 1641) was a Roman Catholic Canon of Palermo, and ecclesiastical historian of Syracuse and Messina.

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Antonio de Espejo

Antonio de Espejo was a Spanish explorer who led an expedition into New Mexico and Arizona in 1582–83.

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Antonio de la Calancha

Antonio de la Calancha (1584–1684) was a pioneering anthropologist studying the South American natives and a senior Augustinian friar.

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Antonio Neri

Antonio Neri (29 February 1576, Florence – 1614, Florence) was a Florentine priest who published L’Arte Vetraria or The Art of Glass in 1612.

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Antonio Rossellino

Antonio Gamberelli (1427–1479),Janson, H.W. (1995) History of Art.

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Apocatastasis

Apocatastasis (from ἀποκατάστασις, apokatástasis) is reconstitution, restitution, or restoration to the original or primordial condition.

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Apophatic theology

Apophatic theology, also known as negative theology, is a form of theological thinking and religious practice which attempts to approach God, the Divine, by negation, to speak only in terms of what may not be said about the perfect goodness that is God.

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Apostles

In Christian theology and ecclesiology, the apostles, particularly the Twelve Apostles (also known as the Twelve Disciples or simply the Twelve), were the primary disciples of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity.

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Apostolic Fathers

The Apostolic Fathers were Christian theologians who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, who are believed to have personally known some of the Twelve Apostles, or to have been significantly influenced by them.

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Apostolic Prefecture of Kafiristan and Kashmir

The Prefecture Apostolic of Kafiristan and Kashmir (Praefectura Apostolica de Kafiristania et Caspira) was a Roman Catholic missionary division.

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Apostolic succession

Apostolic succession is the method whereby the ministry of the Christian Church is held to be derived from the apostles by a continuous succession, which has usually been associated with a claim that the succession is through a series of bishops.

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Apostolic Union of Secular Priests

The Apostolic Union of Secular Priests is an association of Roman Catholic secular priests (i.e. priests who are not monastics and do not belong to any religious institute).

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Apostolic Vicariate of Natal

The Vicariate Apostolic of Natal (Vicariatus Apostolicus Natalensis) was a Roman Catholic missionary, quasi-diocesan jurisdiction in South Africa.

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Apostolic Vicariate of Southern Victoria Nyanza

The Apostolic Vicariate of Southern Nyanza (Vicariatus Apostolicus Victoriensis–Nyanzensis Meridionalis) was a Roman Catholic mission territory in Eastern and Central Africa.

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Apostolicae curae

Apostolicae curae is the title of a papal bull, issued in 1896 by Pope Leo XIII, declaring all Anglican ordinations to be "absolutely null and utterly void".

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Apparitor

In ancient Rome, an apparitor (also spelled apparator in English, or shortened to paritor) was a civil servant whose salary was paid from the public treasury.

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Aquarii

Aquarii is a name given to the Christians who substituted water for wine in the Eucharist.

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Aquileia

Aquileia (Acuilee/Aquilee/Aquilea;bilingual name of Aquileja - Oglej in: Venetian: Aquiłeja/Aquiłegia; Aglar/Agley/Aquileja; Oglej) is an ancient Roman city in Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about from the sea, on the river Natiso (modern Natisone), the course of which has changed somewhat since Roman times.

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Aquino, Italy

Aquino is a town and comune in the province of Frosinone, in the Lazio region of Italy, northwest of Cassino.

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Aramaic New Testament

The Aramaic New Testament of the Bible exists in two versions: The official Assyrian Church of the East (known by some as the Nestorian Church) does not recognise the new "Assyrian Modern" edition, and traditionally considers the New Testament of the Peshitta to be the original New Testament, and Aramaic to be its original language.

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Archbishop of Tuam

The Archbishop of Tuam (Ard-Easpag Tuaim) is an archiepiscopal title which takes its name after the town of Tuam in County Galway, Ireland.

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Archbishopric of Ohrid

The Archbishopric of Ohrid (Охридска архиепископија/Ohridska arhiepiskopija), also known as the Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid (Българска Охридска архиепископия), originally called Ohrid Archbishopric of Justiniana prima and all Bulgaria (Αρχιεπίσκοπος της πρωτης 'Ιουστινιανης και πάσης Βουλγαριας), was an autonomous Orthodox Church under the tutelage of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople between 1019 and 1767.

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Archbishopric of Salzburg

The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (Fürsterzbistum Salzburg) was an ecclesiastical principality and state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Archdeacon

An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in the Syriac Orthodox Church, Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, St Thomas Christians, Eastern Orthodox churches and some other Christian denominations, above that of most clergy and below a bishop.

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Archdiocese of Carthage

The episcopal see of Carthage, the city restored to importance by Julius Caesar and Augustus, in which Christianity was firmly established by the 2nd century, was the most important in the whole of Roman Africa and continued as a residential see even after it had fallen to the Muslim conquest, until the start of the second millennium.

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Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580)

The historic Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580) was a Roman Catholic diocese and (from 1559) archdiocese in the Low Countries before and during the Protestant Reformation.

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Architrenius

Architrenius is a medieval allegorical and satirical poem in hexameters by Johannes de Hauvilla (also known as Johannes de Altavilla or Jean de Hauteville).

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Archpoet

The Archpoet (1130 – c. 1165), or Archipoeta (in Latin and German),Jeep 2001: 21.

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Arculf

Arculf (later 7th century) was a Frankish Bishop who toured the Levant in around 680.

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Ardchattan and Muckairn

2443 | District.

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Ardo Smaragdus

Ardo Smaragdus (died March 843 AD) was a hagiographer.

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Aretas III

Aretas III (حارثة الثالث. Ḥārthah; Αρέτας Arétās) was king of the Nabataean kingdom from 87 to 62 BCE.

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Arialdo

Saint Arialdo (c. 1010 – June 27, 1066) is a Christian saint of the eleventh century.

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Arianism

Arianism is a nontrinitarian Christological doctrine which asserts the belief that Jesus Christ is the Son of God who was begotten by God the Father at a point in time, a creature distinct from the Father and is therefore subordinate to him, but the Son is also God (i.e. God the Son).

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Armagh

Armagh is the county town of County Armagh and a city in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish.

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Armella Nicolas

Armella Nicolas or La bonne Armelle was a Breton serving-maid important in French popular Catholic piety.

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Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Kharput

The Armenian Catholic Eparchy of Kharput was a modern eparchy (Eastern Catholic diocese) and remains a titular see of the Armenian Catholic Church (sui iuris (Armenian Rite in Armenian language).

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Arminianism

Arminianism is based on theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius (1560–1609) and his historic supporters known as Remonstrants.

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Arnaud-Michel d'Abbadie

Arnaud-Michel d'Abbadie (24 July 181513 November 1893) was an Irish-born French and Basque geographer, and along with his older brother Antoine-Thomson d'Abbadie, was notable for his travels in Ethiopia.

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Arnauld family

The Arnauld or Arnaud family Lord de la Mothe, de Bessac, de la Besse, de Villeneuve, de Ronzière et d'Artonne, then d'Andilly, de Corbeville and Marquess de Pomponne is a noble French family prominent in the 17th century, and closely associated with Jansenism, associating frequently with the Jansenist religious communities in Port-Royal de Paris and Port-Royal des Champs.

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Arnold of Lübeck

Arnold of Lübeck (died 1211–1214) was a Benedictine abbot, a chronicler, the author of the Chronica Slavorum and advocate of the papal cause in the Hohenstaufen conflict.

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Arsenios Autoreianos

Arsenios Autoreianos (Latinized as Arsenius Autorianus) (Ἀρσένιος Ἀυτωρειανός), (30 September 1273), Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, lived about the middle of the 13th century.

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Arsenius the Great

Saint Arsenius the Deacon, sometimes known as Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, Arsenius the Roman or Arsenius the Great, was a Roman imperial tutor who became an anchorite in Egypt, one of the most highly regarded of the Desert Fathers, whose teachings were greatly influential on the development of asceticism and the contemplative life.

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Artvin

Artvin (ართვინი,; Laz: ართვინი Artvini, Armenian: Արդվին Ardvin) is a city in northeastern Turkey about 30 km inland from the Black Sea.

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Aseity

Aseity (from Latin a "from" and se "self", plus -ity) is the property by which a being exists in and of itself, from itself, or exists as so-and-such of and from itself.

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Ashridge

Ashridge is a country estate and stately home in Hertfordshire, England in the United Kingdom; part of the land stretches into Buckinghamshire and it is close to the Bedfordshire border.

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Ashridge Priory

Ashridge Priory was a medieval abbey of the Brothers of Penitence.

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Assyrian Pentecostal Church

No description.

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Assyrian people

Assyrian people (ܐܫܘܪܝܐ), or Syriacs (see terms for Syriac Christians), are an ethnic group indigenous to the Middle East.

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Atonement in Christianity

In western Christian theology, atonement describes how human beings can be reconciled to God through Christ's sacrificial suffering and death.

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Attila

Attila (fl. circa 406–453), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in March 453.

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Audentius (Bishop of Toledo)

Audentius (Audentius) was bishop of Toledo (Hispania), according to tradition in the years 385-395 AD.

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Auguste-Théodore-Paul de Broglie

Abbé Auguste-Théodore-Paul de Broglie (June 18, 1834 in Auteuil, France – May 11, 1895) was professor of apologetics at the Institut Catholique in Paris, and writer on apologetic subjects.

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Augustin Bonnetty

Augustin Bonnetty (born Entrevaux (dept. of Basses-Alpes), 9 May 1798, died at Paris, 26 March 1879) was a French thinker and writer who founded and edited the ''Annales de philosophie chrétienne'' from 1830 until his death.

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Augustin-Jean Fresnel

Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 May 178814 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century.

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Augustine of Hippo

Saint Augustine of Hippo (13 November 354 – 28 August 430) was a Roman African, early Christian theologian and philosopher from Numidia whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy.

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Augustine Schulte

Augustine Joseph Schulte (1856–1937) was an American Catholic priest who served as the interim rector of the Pontifical North American College in Rome from 1884 to 1885.

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Augustus Marie Martin

Augustus Marie Martin (February 1, 1803—September 29, 1875) was a French-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Aulus Pudens

Aulus Pudens was a native of Umbria and a centurion in the Roman army in the late 1st century.

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Autocephaly

Autocephaly (from αὐτοκεφαλία, meaning "property of being self-headed") is the status of a hierarchical Christian Church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop (used especially in Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Independent Catholic churches).

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Avitus of Vienne

Alcimus Ecdicius Avitus (c. 470 – February 5, 517 or 519) was a Latin poet and bishop of Vienne in Gaul.

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Azymes

Azymes (plural of azyme) is an archaic English word for the Jewish matzah, derived from the Greek word ἄζυμος ázymos, "unleavened", for unfermented bread in Biblical times; the more accepted term in modern English is simply unleavened bread or matzah, but cognates of the Greek term are still used in many Romance languages (Spanish pan ácimo, French pain azyme, Italian azzimo, Portuguese pão ázimo and Romanian azimă).

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Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas

Don Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, 3rd Duke of Rivas (Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, Duque de Rivas) (10 March 179122 June 1865), was a Spanish poet, dramatist and politician born in Córdoba.

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Ælnoth of Canterbury

Ælnoth or Ailnoth was an Anglo-Saxon Benedictine monk from Canterbury who settled in Denmark, and is known as author of a legend of the Danish king Saint Canute (Canute IV), who had been killed in Odense in 1086 and was canonized by the Pope 1100 or 1101.

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Étienne Bauny

Étienne Bauny (1564, Mouzon, Ardennes, France – 3 December 1649, Saint Pol de Léon) was a French Jesuit theologian.

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İskenderun

İskenderun (الإسكندرونة, Αλεξανδρέττα "Little Alexandria"), historically known as Alexandretta and Scanderoon, is a city and the largest district in Hatay Province on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey.

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Baal

Baal,Oxford English Dictionary (1885), "" properly Baʿal, was a title and honorific meaning "lord" in the Northwest Semitic languages spoken in the Levant during antiquity. From its use among people, it came to be applied to gods. Scholars previously associated the theonym with solar cults and with a variety of unrelated patron deities, but inscriptions have shown that the name Baʿal was particularly associated with the storm and fertility god Hadad and his local manifestations. The Hebrew Bible, compiled and curated over a span of centuries, includes early use of the term in reference to God (known to them as Yahweh), generic use in reference to various Levantine deities, and finally pointed application towards Hadad, who was decried as a false god. That use was taken over into Christianity and Islam, sometimes under the opprobrious form Beelzebub in demonology.

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Bacchylus

Bacchylus was a second century Bishop of Corinth who was known for supporting Papal claims, and writings on the passover.

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Bachiarius

Bachiarius was an early fifth-century Christian writer, known only through his two writings which suggest he was a Galician monk.

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Baptism

Baptism (from the Greek noun βάπτισμα baptisma; see below) is a Christian sacrament of admission and adoption, almost invariably with the use of water, into Christianity.

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Baptism by fire

The phrase baptism by fire or baptism of fire is a phrase originating from the words of John the Baptist in Matthew 3:11.

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Baptism for the dead

Baptism for the dead, vicarious baptism or proxy baptism today commonly refers to the religious practice of baptizing a person on behalf of one who is dead—a living person receiving the rite on behalf of a deceased person.

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Barnabas of Terni

Barnabas of Terni (died 1474 or 1477) was an Italian Friar Minor and missionary, who established the first monte di pietà.

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Bartholomeus de Glanvilla

Bartholomeus de Glanvilla was a Franciscan monk who died around 1360.

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Baruch ben Neriah

Baruch ben Neriah (Hebrew: ברוך בן נריה Bārūḵ ben Nêrîyāh, "'Blessed' (Bārūḵ), son (ben) of 'My Candle is Jah' (Nêrîyāh)"; c. 6th century BC) was the scribe, disciple, secretary, and devoted friend of the Biblical prophet Jeremiah.

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Basil of Seleucia

Basil of Seleucia was a Bishop and ecclesiastical writer.

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Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore

The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore ('Basilica of Saint Mary Major', Basilica Sanctae Mariae Maioris), or church of Santa Maria Maggiore, is a Papal major basilica and the largest Catholic Marian church in Rome, Italy, from which size it receives the appellation "major".

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Basiliscus

Basiliscus (Flavius Basiliscus Augustus; Βασιλίσκος; d. 476/477) was Eastern Roman or Byzantine Emperor from 475 to 476.

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Batroun

Batroun (البترون; בתרון) is a coastal city in northern Lebanon and one of the oldest cities in the world.

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Baudilus

Saint Baudilus (Baudile, Bausile, Basile, Baudilio, Baudelio, Boal, Boi, Baldiri) is venerated as a martyr by the Catholic Church.

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Beatific vision

In Christian theology, the beatific vision (visio beatifica) is the ultimate direct self-communication of God to the individual person.

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Beatification

Beatification (from Latin beatus, "blessed" and facere, "to make") is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a dead person's entrance into Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in his or her name.

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Beatitudes

The Beatitudes are eight blessings recounted by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew.

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Bede Jarrett

Bede Jarrett OP (22 August 1881 – 17 March 1934) was an English Dominican friar and Catholic priest who was also a noted historian and author.

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Beelzebub

Beelzebub or Beelzebul (or; בַּעַל זְבוּב Baʿal Zəvûv) is a name derived from a Philistine god, formerly worshipped in Ekron, and later adopted by some Abrahamic religions as a major demon.

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Beersheba

Beersheba, also spelled Beer-Sheva (בְּאֵר שֶׁבַע; بئر السبع), is the largest city in the Negev desert of southern Israel.

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Beguines and Beghards

The Beguines and the Beghards were Christian lay religious orders that were active in Northern Europe, particularly in the Low Countries in the 13th–16th centuries.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Ben Salmon

Benjamin Joseph Salmon (1888–1932) was an American Christian pacifist, Roman Catholic, conscientious objector and outspoken critic of just war theory, who believed no war could be morally justified.

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Benedict Joseph Fenwick

Benedict Joseph Fenwick (September 3, 1782 – August 11, 1846) was an American bishop of the Catholic Church.

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Benedict of Soracte

Benedict of Soracte (Benedict of St. Andrew) was a tenth-century Italian chronicler, a monk at the monastery on Mount Soracte.

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Benedictional

A Benedictional is a book containing a collection of benedictions or blessings in use in the Roman Catholic Church, essentially collected from those in sacramentary.

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Benjamin Joseph Keiley

Benjamin Joseph Keiley (October 13, 1847 – June 17, 1925) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Berissa

Berissa (also spelled Berisa, Verisa, or Verissa) was a city in the late Roman province of Pontus Polemoniacus, in Asia Minor, which Kiepert and W. M. Ramsay have identified with the modern village of Baulus (also known as Bolus), 25 kilometres south-west of Tokat.

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Bern Minster

The Bern Minster (Berner Münster) is a Swiss Reformed cathedral, (or minster) in the old city of Bern, Switzerland.

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Bernard O'Reilly (bishop of Hartford)

Bernard O'Reilly (1 March 1803 – 23 January 1856) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Bernard of Besse

Bernard of Besse was a French Friar Minor and chronicler.

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Bernard of Botone

Bernard of Botone (date of birth unknown; d. 1263, or, according to Hurter, 24 March 1266) was a noted Italian canonist of the thirteenth century.

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Bernard of Luxemburg

Bernard of Luxemburg was a Dominican theologian, controversialist, and Inquisitor of the Archdioceses of Cologne, Mainz, and Trier.

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Bernardino Campi

Bernadino Campi (1522–1591) was a Renaissance painter from Cremona, who worked in Reggio Emilia.

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Bernardo Buil

Bernardo Boyl (also spelled Boil, Boyl or Boyal) was an Aragonese monk or friar, known as Fray Buil, who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second voyage across the Atlantic.

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Bernardus Silvestris

Bernardus Silvestris, also known as Bernard Silvestris and Bernard Silvester, was a medieval Platonist philosopher and poet of the 12th century.

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Berno, Apostle of the Obotrites

Berno, Bishop of Schwerin, also known as the Apostle of the Obotrites or Berno of Amelungsborn (died 14 January 1191) was a pre-eminent missionary to the Obotrites in the territory of Mecklenburg, Germany, and the first Bishop of Schwerin.

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Berthold of Ratisbon

Berthold of Ratisbon was a Franciscan of the monastery of Ratisbon and the most powerful preacher of repentance in the thirteenth century.

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Beth Zabdai

Beth Zabdai or Gezireh (now İdil) was a town located on the right hand of the Tigris River, close to Jeziret ibn Omar, now Turkey.

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Bethabara

Bethabara (בית עברה; bēt ‛ăbārāh; Βηθαβαρά; Bēthabará; "house of the ford, place of crossing") is the name used by some versions of the New Testament for the site "beyond (i.e. east of) the Jordan" where John the Baptist preached and performed baptisms, where he met with a group of priests and Levites sent by the Pharisees to investigate his ministry, and where he baptised Jesus.

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Bethany

Bethany (Βηθανία) is recorded in the New Testament as the home of the siblings Mary, Martha, and Lazarus, as well as that of Simon the Leper.

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Bethlehemite Brothers

The Bethlehemite Brothers are a religious institute founded in Guatemala in 1653 and restored in 1984.

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Bezalel

In Exodus 31:1-6 and chapters 36 to 39, Bezalel (בְּצַלְאֵל, Bəṣalʼēl, also transcribed as Betzalel), was the chief artisan of the Tabernacle and was in charge of building the Ark of the Covenant, assisted by Aholiab.

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Bibliography of the history of Lyon

This is a bibliography of the history of Lyon.

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Biblioteca Ambrosiana

The Biblioteca Ambrosiana is a historic library in Milan, Italy, also housing the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, the Ambrosian art gallery.

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Birecik

Birecik (Greek and Latin: Birtha, Βίρθα; البيرة; Bêrecûg, بيره جك), also formerly known as Bir, Biré, Biradjik and during the Crusades as Bile, is a town and district of Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey, on the River Euphrates.

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Biretta

The biretta (biretum, birretum) is a square cap with three or four peaks or horns, sometimes surmounted by a tuft.

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Birinus

Birinus (also Berin, Birin; – 649 or 650) was the first Bishop of Dorchester and was known as the "Apostle to the West Saxons" for his conversion of the Kingdom of Wessex to Christianity.

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Bishop of Bristol

The Bishop of Bristol heads the Church of England Diocese of Bristol in the Province of Canterbury, in England.

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Bishop of Carlisle

The Bishop of Carlisle is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Carlisle in the Province of York.

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Bishopric of Eichstätt

The Bishopric of Eichstätt, or Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt, was a small ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Bishopric of Ratzeburg

The Bishopric of Ratzeburg (Bistum Ratzeburg), centered on Ratzeburg in Northern Germany, was originally a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Hamburg, which transformed into the Archdiocese of Bremen in 1072.

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Bishops of Regensburg

The Bishops of Regensburg (Ratisbon) are bishops of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany.

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Black Fast

A Black Fast is a severe form of Christian fasting.

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Blathmac

Saint Blathmac (Blathmacus, Florentius) was a distinguished Irish monk, born in Ireland about 750 AD.

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Blessed Sacrament

The Blessed Sacrament, also Most Blessed Sacrament, is a devotional name used in the Latin Church of the Catholic Church, as well as in Anglicanism, Lutheranism, Methodism, and the Old Catholic Church, as well as in some of the Eastern Catholic Churches, to refer to the body and blood of Christ in the form of consecrated sacramental bread and wine at a celebration of the Eucharist.

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Boisil

Saint Boisil (died 661) was a monk of Melrose Abbey, an offshoot of Lindisfarne, then in the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, but now in Scotland, where he must have been one of the first generation of monks.

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Boleslaus Goral

Boleslaus Goral or Bolesław Góral (March 12, 1876 – 1960) was a Polish-American priest, professor, and newspaper editor.

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Bolu

Bolu is a city in Turkey, and administrative center of the Bolu Province.

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Bona Mors Confraternity

The Roman Catholic Bona Mors Confraternity (Bona Mors is Latin for "Happy Death") was founded 2 October, 1648, in the Church of the Gesu, Rome, by Father Vincent Carrafa, seventh General of the Society of Jesus, and approved by the Popes Innocent X and Alexander VII.

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Bonagratia of Bergamo

Bonagratia of Bergamo (c. 1265-1340) was a leading supporter of the Franciscan Spirituals from within the Franciscan movement.

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Bonaventure

Saint Bonaventure (Bonaventura; 1221 – 15 July 1274), born Giovanni di Fidanza, was an Italian medieval Franciscan, scholastic theologian and philosopher.

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Boni Homines

The name Boni Homines ('Good men' in Latin) or Bonshommes (the same in French) was popularly given to at least three religious orders in the Catholic Church.

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Boniface of Brussels

Saint Boniface (1183 – 19 February 1260) was a Belgian Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Lausanne from circa 1231 until 1239 when he resigned after agents of Frederick II assaulted him.

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Bonitza

The former residential episcopal see of Bonitza, centred on a town in the Roman province of Epirus Vetus, is now a titular see of the Catholic Church.

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Bonizo of Sutri

Bonizo of Sutri or Bonitho was a Bishop of Sutri in Central Italy, in the eleventh century, an adherent of Gregory VII and an advocate of the ideals of that pope.

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Bonusta

Bonusta was a town, not far from Carthage, in the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis.

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Book of Malachi

Malachi (or Malachias; מַלְאָכִי, Malʾaḫi, Mál'akhî) is the last book of the Neviim contained in the Tanakh, the last of the Twelve Minor Prophets (canonically) and the final book of the Neviim.

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Books of Adam

The Books of Adam is a collective name of several apocryphal books relating to Adam and Eve.

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Boverius

Giovanni Boveri (Boverius) (Saluzzo, 1568-Genoa, 1638) was an Italian jurist, who became a Capuchin Friar Minor, taking the name Zacharias.

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Bretha Nemed Déidenach

Bretha Nemed Déidenach is the late title of an Early Irish law text dating from the eighth century.

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Bridgettines

The Order of the Most Holy Savior, abbreviated as O.Ss.S., and informally known as the Brigittine or Bridgettine Order is a monastic religious order of Augustinian nuns, Religious Sisters, and monks founded by Saint Bridget of Sweden (Birgitta) in 1344, and approved by Pope Urban V in 1370.

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British Isles naming dispute

In British English usage, the toponym "British Isles" refers to a European archipelago consisting of Great Britain, Ireland and adjacent islands.

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Brothers of Christian Instruction of St. Gabriel

The Brothers of Christian Instruction of St.

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Brothers of Jesus

The New Testament describes James, Joseph (Joses), Judas (Jude), and Simon as brothers of Jesus.

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Brothers of the Cross of Jesus

Brothers of the Cross of Jesus were a French order of Roman Catholic monks.

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Bulgarian Exarchate

The Bulgarian Exarchate (Българска екзархия Bǎlgarska ekzarhiya, Bulgar Eksarhlığı) was the official name of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church before its autocephaly was recognized by the Ecumenical See in 1945 and the Bulgarian Patriarchate was restored in 1953.

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Bulgarian Orthodox Church

The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква, Balgarska pravoslavna tsarkva) is an autocephalous Orthodox Church.

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Bulgarians in France

Bulgarians in France (Българи във Франция, Bulgares en France), are one of the immigrant communities of the Bulgarian diaspora.

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Bull of the Crusade

A Bull of the Crusade (Bula de la santa Cruzada) was a Papal bull that granted indulgences to those who took part in the crusades against Muslims, pagans or sometimes heretics.

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Burghard Freiherr von Schorlemer-Alst

Burghard Freiherr von Schorlemer-Alst (26 October 1825, Heringhausen, Westphalia - 17 March 1895, Alst) was a Prussian parliamentarian for the Centre Party.

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Buskin

A buskin is a knee- or calf-length boot made of leather or cloth which laces closed, but is open across the toes.

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Butler v Moore

Butler v. Moore reported in MacNally's Rules of Evidence,, 253, was an Irish case decided by the Master of the Rolls in Ireland, Sir Michael Smith.

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Bzovius

Abraham Bzowski (Bzovius) (1567–1637) was a Polish Dominican historian.

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Caesarea in Palaestina (diocese)

The archiepiscopal see of Caesarea in Palaestina, also known as Caesarea Maritima, is now a metropolitan see of the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem and also a titular see of the Catholic Church.

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Caesarius of Arles

Saint Caesarius of Arles (Caesarius Arelatensis; 468/470 27 August 542 AD), sometimes called "of Chalon" (Cabillonensis or Cabellinensis) from his birthplace Chalon-sur-Saône, was the foremost ecclesiastic of his generation in Merovingian Gaul.

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Caius (presbyter)

Caius, Presbyter of Rome (also known as Gaius) was a Christian author who lived and wrote towards the beginning of the 3rd century.

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Calefactory

The calefactory (also warming house) was an important room or building in a medieval monastery in Western Europe.

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Calvary

Calvary, or Golgotha (Biblical Greek Γολγοθᾶ Golgotha, traditionally interpreted as reflecting Syriac (Aramaic) golgolta, as it were Hebrew gulgōleṯ "skull" Strong's Concordance.), was, according to the Gospels, a site immediately outside Jerusalem's walls where Jesus was crucified.

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Calynda

Calynda (also Calinda, Calydna, or Karynda; Κάλυνδα) was a city in ancient Caria.

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Cana

The Gospel of John refers a number of times to a town called Cana of Galilee (Κανά της Γαλιλαίας).

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Candidus (floruit 793–802)

Candidus was the name given to the Anglo-Saxon Wizo or Witto by Alcuin, whose scholar he was and with whom he went in 782 to Gaul.

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Candidus of Fulda

Candidus (Bruun) of Fulda was a Benedictine scholar of the ninth-century Carolingian Renaissance, a student of Einhard, and author of the vita of his abbot at Fulda, Eigil.

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Canna, Scotland

Canna (Canaigh; Eilean Chanaigh) is the westernmost of the Small Isles archipelago, in the Scottish Inner Hebrides.

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Canon (canon law)

For the legal system of ecclesiastical canons, see Canon law and Canon law (Catholic Church). In Catholic canon law, a canon is a certain rule or norm of conduct or belief prescribed by the Catholic Church.

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Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception

The Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception are members of an institute of consecrated life founded in France in 1871, which follows the Augustinian Rule, and is part of the Order of Canons Regular of St. Augustine.

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Capitolias

Capitolias (Greek: Καπιτωλιας) was an ancient city east of the Jordan River, and is identified with the modern village of Beit Ras in the Irbid Governorate in northern Jordan.

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Capra (Mauretania Caesariensis)

Capra was an ancient Roman–Berber town in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis.

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Capuchin Poor Clares

The Capuchin Poor Clares were founded in Naples, Italy, in 1538, by Ven.

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Cardinal Vicar

Cardinal Vicar (Cardinale Vicario) is a title commonly given to the vicar general of the Diocese of Rome for the portion of the diocese within Italy (i.e. excluding the portion within Vatican City).

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Cardinal-nephew

A cardinal-nephew (cardinalis nepos; cardinale nipote; valido de su tío; prince de fortune)Signorotto and Visceglia, 2002, p. 114.

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Carem

Carem or Karem is a place mentioned in the Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible as being a town situated in the hill country of the tribe of Judah, while the Masoretic Text and Vulgate do not mention the name (see). According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, Carem has been identified by some scholars with Beit HaKerem (Bethhaccerem), a town that is mentioned in the biblical Book of Jeremiah and Book of Nehemiah.

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Carilef

Carilef (French Calais, Latin Calevisus; died 541) was a hermit who founded the monastery of Aniole.

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Carlo Fontana

Carlo Fontana (1634 or 1638–1714) was an Italian architect originating from today's Canton Ticino, who was in part responsible for the classicizing direction taken by Late Baroque Roman architecture.

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Carlo Goldoni

Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (25 February 1707 – 6 February 1793) was an Italian playwright and librettist from the Republic of Venice.

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Carlo Maderno

Carlo Maderno (Maderna) (1556 – 30 January 1629) was an Italian architect, born in today's Ticino, who is remembered as one of the fathers of Baroque architecture.

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Carlo Maria Viganò

Carlo Maria Viganò (born 16 January 1941) served as the Apostolic Nuncio to the United States from 19 October 2011 to 12 April 2016.

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Carlos Sommervogel

Carlos Sommervogel (8 January 1834 – 4 March 1902) was a French Jesuit scholar.

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Carthage

Carthage (from Carthago; Punic:, Qart-ḥadašt, "New City") was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.

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Carthage (municipality)

Carthage (Qarṭāj) is a commune in Tunis Governorate, Tunisia.

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Carthusians

The Carthusian Order (Ordo Cartusiensis), also called the Order of Saint Bruno, is a Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics.

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Casale Monferrato

Casale Monferrato is a town in the Piedmont region in Italy, in the province of Alessandria.

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Casius (see)

Casius was a residential episcopal see in the Roman province of Augustamnica Prima in Lower Egypt, and is now a titular see of the Catholic Church.

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Cassiodorus

Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator (c. 485 – c. 585), commonly known as Cassiodorus, was a Roman statesman and writer serving in the administration of Theoderic the Great, king of the Ostrogoths.

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Casto Innocenzio Ansaldi

Casto Innocenzio Ansaldi (7 March 1710, Piacenza, Italy—1780, Turin) was an Italian professor, theologian and archaeologist.

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Catechumen

In ecclesiology, a catechumen (via Latin catechumenus from Greek κατηχούμενος katēkhoumenos, "one being instructed", from κατά kata, "down" and ἦχος ēkhos, "sound") is a person receiving instruction from a catechist in the principles of the Christian religion with a view to baptism.

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Catharism

Catharism (from the Greek: καθαροί, katharoi, "the pure ") was a Christian dualist or Gnostic revival movement that thrived in some areas of Southern Europe, particularly northern Italy and what is now southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries.

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Cathedral of Christ the King, Mullingar

Cathedral of Christ the King is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Mullingar, County Westmeath, Ireland.

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Cathedral of Hajdúdorog

The Cathedral of Hajdúdorog, officially Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Presentation of Mary in Hajdúdorog (Hungarian: Hajdúdorogi Istenszülő Bevezetése a Templomba Székesegyház) is the cathedral of the Archeparchy of Hajdúdorog, Hungary.

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Catherine of Alexandria

Saint Catherine of Alexandria, or Saint Catharine of Alexandria, also known as Saint Catherine of the Wheel and The Great Martyr Saint Catherine (Ϯⲁⲅⲓⲁ Ⲕⲁⲧⲧⲣⲓⲛ, ἡ Ἁγία Αἰκατερίνη ἡ Μεγαλομάρτυς – translation: Holy Catherine the Great Martyr) is, according to tradition, a Christian saint and virgin, who was martyred in the early 4th century at the hands of the pagan emperor Maxentius.

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Catholic archdiocese of Ephesus

The Catholic Archdiocese of Ephesus is a suppressed and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church (in Latin: Archidioecesis Ephesina).

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Catholic Church and abortion

The Catholic Church opposes all forms of abortion procedures whose direct purpose is to destroy a zygote, blastocyst, embryo or fetus, since it holds that "human life must be respected and protected absolutely from the moment of conception.

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Catholic Church and capital punishment

The Catholic Church's position on capital punishment has varied throughout the centuries following the Church's establishment, evolving from somewhat supportive to largely apathetic to mostly anti-capital punishment.

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Catholic Church and science

The relationship between the Roman Catholic Church and science is a widely debated subject.

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Catholic Church and slavery

The issue of slavery was one that was historically treated with concern by the Catholic Church.

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Catholic Church in Albania

The Catholic Church in Albania is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

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Catholic Church in England and Wales

The Catholic Church in England and Wales is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope.

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Catholic Church in Haiti

The Catholic Church in Haiti is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, the curia in Rome and the Conference of Haitian Bishops.

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Catholic Church in Liberia

The Catholic Church in Liberia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

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Catholic Church in Mongolia

The Catholic Church in Mongolia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

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Catholic Church in Nepal

The Catholic Church in Nepal is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

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Catholic Church in Romania

The Catholic Church (Biserica Catolică din România, Romániai Római Katolikus Egyház, Katholische Kirche in Rumänien) in Romania is a Latin Rite Christian church, part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

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Catholic Church in the 20th century

The Roman Catholic Church in the 20th century had to respond to the challenge of increasing secularization of Western society and persecution resulting from great social unrest and revolutions in several countries.

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Catholic Church in the Bahamas

The Roman Catholic Church in the Bahamas is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

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Catholic Marian church buildings

Roman Marian churches are religious buildings dedicated to the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

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Catholic novitiate

A novice in Catholic law and tradition, is a prospective member of a religious institute who is being tried and being proven for suitability of admission to a religious order of brothers, sisters or monks.

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Catholic order rites

Catholic Order Rites are Latin liturgical rites, distinct from the Roman Rite, specific to a number of Catholic religious orders.

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Catholic theology

Catholic theology is the understanding of Catholic doctrine or teachings, and results from the studies of theologians.

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Causa sui

Causa sui (meaning "cause of itself" in Latin) denotes something which is generated within itself.

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Cæremoniale Episcoporum

The Cæremoniale Episcoporum (Ceremonial of Bishops) is a book that describes the Church services to be performed by Bishops of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Cenacle

The Cenacle (from Latin cēnāculum "dining room", later spelt coenaculum and semantically drifting towards "upper room"), also known as the "Upper Room", is a room in the David's Tomb Compound in Jerusalem, traditionally held to be the site of the Last Supper.

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Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi

Cento Vergilianus de laudibus Christi (A Virgilian Cento Concerning the Glory of Christ) is a Latin poem arranged by Faltonia Betitia Proba (AD 352384) after her conversion to Christianity.

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Ceslaus

Blessed Ceslaus, O.P., (Czesław) (c. 1184 – c. 1242) was born in Kamień Śląski in Silesia, Poland, of the noble family of Odrowąż, and was a relative, possibly the brother, of Saint Hyacinth.

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Cestrus

Cestrus was a city in the Roman province of Isauria, in Asia Minor.

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Chaldean Catholic Church

The Chaldean Catholic Church (ܥܕܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ, ʿīdtha kaldetha qāthuliqetha; Arabic: الكنيسة الكلدانية al-Kanīsa al-kaldāniyya; translation) is an Eastern Catholic particular church (sui juris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church, with the Chaldean Patriarchate having been originally formed out of the Church of the East in 1552.

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Chaldean Catholics

Chaldean Catholics, known simply as Chaldeans (Kaldāye; ܟܠܕܝ̈ܐ or ܟܲܠܕܵܝܹܐ), are Assyrian Syriac Christian adherents of the Chaldean Catholic Church which emerged from the Church of the East after the schism of 1552.

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Chalice

A chalice (from Latin calix, mug, borrowed from Greek κύλιξ (kulix), cup) or goblet is a footed cup intended to hold a drink.

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Chapters and verses of the Bible

The Bible is a compilation of many shorter books written at different times by a variety of authors, and later assembled into the biblical canon.

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Chariopolis

Chariopolis was a town in the Roman province of Europa, corresponding to present-day Hayrabolu in European Turkey.

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Charlemagne

Charlemagne or Charles the Great (Karl der Große, Carlo Magno; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800.

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Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg

Abbé Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg (8 September 1814 – 8 January 1874) was a noted French writer, ethnographer, historian and archaeologist.

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Charles Clémencet

Charles Clémencet (17035 August 1778) was a French Benedictine historian.

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Charles de Bouvens

Charles de Bouvens was a French pulpit orator who had to flee the French Revolution due to his conservative views.

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Charles de la Rue

Charles de La Rue (3 August 1643, Paris – 27 May 1725, Paris), known in Latin as Carolus Ruaeus, was one of the great orators of the Society of Jesus in France in the seventeenth century He entered the novitiate on 7 September 1659, and being afterwards professor of the humanities and rhetoric, he attracted attention while still young by a poem on the victories of Louis XIV.

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Charles Edward McDonnell

Charles Edward McDonnell (February 1, 1854 – August 8, 1921) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Charles George Herbermann

Charles George Herbermann (8 December 1840 – 24 August 1916) was born in Saerbeck near Münster, Westphalia, Prussia, the son of George Herbermann and Elizabeth Stipp.

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Charles Joseph O'Reilly

Charles Joseph O'Reilly (January 4, 1860 – February 4, 1923) was a Canadian-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first bishop of the Diocese of Baker City, Oregon (1903–1918) and the third bishop of the Diocese of Lincoln, Nebraska (1918–1923).

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Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay

Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay (2 August 1626 – February 1685),: gives dates (1 August 1626; d. at Ville-Marie, 1683) and mentions names/actions of several sons.

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Charles Sidney Beauclerk

Fr Charles Sidney de Vere Beauclerk SJ (1 January 1855 – 22 November 1934) was a Jesuit priest who attempted to turn the town of Holywell into the "Lourdes of Wales".

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Charles-Félix Cazeau

Charles-Félix Cazeau (24 December 1807 – 26 February 1881) was a French Canadian priest and administrator of the Archdiocese of Quebec who was prominently involved in the relief of victims from the Great Irish Famine (1845-1849).

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Cherchell

Cherchell (older Cherchel, شرشال) is a seaport town in the Province of Tipaza, Algeria, 55 miles west of Algiers.

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Chest of Saint Simeon

The Chest of Saint Simeon or Saint Simeon's Casket (Škrinja sv.) is a rectangular cedarwood sarcophagus in the shape of a chasse, overlaid with silver and silver-gilt plaques, said to hold the relics of St Simon the God-receiver; it is located over the main altar in the Church of Saint Simeon in Zadar, Croatia.

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Chester Cathedral

Chester Cathedral is a Church of England cathedral and the mother church of the Diocese of Chester.

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Chimalpahin

Domingo Francisco de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin (1579, Amecameca, Chalco—1660, Mexico City), usually referred to simply as Chimalpahin or Chimalpain, was a Nahua annalist from Chalco.

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Chimere

A chimere is a garment worn by Anglican bishops in choir dress, and, formally as part of academic dress.

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Chivalry

Chivalry, or the chivalric code, is an informal, varying code of conduct developed between 1170 and 1220, never decided on or summarized in a single document, associated with the medieval institution of knighthood; knights' and gentlewomen's behaviours were governed by chivalrous social codes.

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Chrism

Chrism, also called myrrh, myron, holy anointing oil, and consecrated oil, is a consecrated oil used in the Anglican, Armenian, Assyrian, Catholic and Old Catholic, Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, and Nordic Lutheran Churches in the administration of certain sacraments and ecclesiastical functions.

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Christiad

The Christiad (Latin Christias) is an epic poem in six cantos on the life of Jesus Christ by Marco Girolamo (Marcus Hieronymus) Vida modeled on Virgil.

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Christian agnosticism

Christian agnostics practice a distinct form of agnosticism that applies only to the properties of God.

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Christian attitudes towards Freemasonry

While many Christian denominations take no stance on or openly acknowledge and allow Freemasonry, some are outwardly opposed to it, and either discourage or outright prohibit their members from joining the fraternity.

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Christian biblical canons

A Christian biblical canon is the set of books that a particular Christian denomination or denominational family regards as being divinely inspired and thus constituting an authorised Christian Bible.

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Christian burial

A Christian burial is the burial of a deceased person with specifically Christian ecclesiastical rites; typically, in consecrated ground.

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Christian Church

"Christian Church" is an ecclesiological term generally used by Protestants to refer to the whole group of people belonging to Christianity throughout the history of Christianity.

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Christian meditation

Christian meditation is a form of prayer in which a structured attempt is made to become aware of and reflect upon the revelations of God.

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Christian persecution of paganism under Theodosius I

The Persecution of paganism under Theodosius I began in 381, after the first couple of years of his reign as co-emperor in the eastern part of the Roman Empire.

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Christian views on Hell

In Christian theology, Hell is the place or state into which by God's definitive judgment unrepentant sinners pass either immediately after death (particular judgment) or in the general judgment.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Christianity and Paganism

Paganism is commonly used to refer to various, largely unconnected religions from the time period, such as the Greco-Roman religions of the Roman Empire, including the Roman imperial cult, the various mystery religions, monotheistic religions such as Neoplatonism and Gnosticism, and more localized ethnic religions practiced both inside and outside the Empire.

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Christianity and Theosophy

Christianity and Theosophy, for more than a hundred years, have a difficult and occasionally poor relationship.

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Christianity in the 20th century

Christianity in the 20th century was characterized by an accelerating secularization of Western society, which had begun in the 19th century, and by the spread of Christianity to non-Western regions of the world.

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Christianity in the 2nd century

Christianity in the 2nd century was largely the time of the Apostolic Fathers who were the students of the apostles of Jesus, though there is some overlap as John the Apostle may have survived into the 2nd century and Clement of Rome is said to have died at the end of the 1st century.

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Christina Ebner

Sister Christina Ebner, O.P., (also Christine), (26 March 1277 – 27 December 1356) was a German Dominican nun, writer and mystic.

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Christmas

Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ,Martindale, Cyril Charles.

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Christoph Brouwer

Christoph Brouwer (or Browerius) (12 March 1559 – 1617) was a Jesuit priest of the Netherlands, and ecclesiastical historian.

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Chromatius

Saint Chromatius (died 406/407 AD) was a bishop of Aquileia.

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Chronicon Salernitanum

The Chronicon Salernitanum, or "Salerno Chronicle", is an anonymous 10th century chronicle of the history of the Principality of Salerno.

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Chrysanthus and Daria

Saints Chrysanthus and Daria (3rd century – c. 283) are saints of the Early Christian period.

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Church architecture

Church architecture refers to the architecture of buildings of Christian churches.

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Church tabernacle

A tabernacle is a fixed, locked box in which, in some Christian churches, the Eucharist is "reserved" (stored).

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Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant

In Christian theology, the Christian Church is traditionally divided into.

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Ciborium (architecture)

In ecclesiastical architecture, a ciborium ("ciborion": κιβώριον in Greek) is a canopy or covering supported by columns, freestanding in the sanctuary, that stands over and covers the altar in a basilica or other church.

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Cidyessus

Cidyessus (Κιδύησσος) was a city of some importance, west of Ammonia in west-central Phrygia, in the territory of the Setchanli Ova, or Mouse Plain; this large and fertile valley projects far into Phrygia Salutaris, but the city was in Phrygia Pacatiana.

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Cimabue

Cimabue (1240 – 1302),Vasari, G. Lives of the Artists.

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Circesium

Circesium (ܩܪܩܣܝܢ) was an ancient city in Osrhoene, corresponding to the modern city of Buseira, in the region of Deir ez-Zor in Syria, at the confluence of the Khabur River with the Euphrates.

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Cistercian architecture

Cistercian architecture is a style of architecture associated with the churches, monasteries and abbeys of the Roman Catholic Cistercian Order.

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Cistercians

A Cistercian is a member of the Cistercian Order (abbreviated as OCist, SOCist ((Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis), or ‘’’OCSO’’’ (Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), which are religious orders of monks and nuns. They are also known as “Trappists”; as Bernardines, after the highly influential St. Bernard of Clairvaux (though that term is also used of the Franciscan Order in Poland and Lithuania); or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the "cuccula" or white choir robe worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cuccula worn by Benedictine monks. The original emphasis of Cistercian life was on manual labour and self-sufficiency, and many abbeys have traditionally supported themselves through activities such as agriculture and brewing ales. Over the centuries, however, education and academic pursuits came to dominate the life of many monasteries. A reform movement seeking to restore the simpler lifestyle of the original Cistercians began in 17th-century France at La Trappe Abbey, leading eventually to the Holy See’s reorganization in 1892 of reformed houses into a single order Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (OCSO), commonly called the Trappists. Cistercians who did not observe these reforms became known as the Cistercians of the Original Observance. The term Cistercian (French Cistercien), derives from Cistercium, the Latin name for the village of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was in this village that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the English monk Stephen Harding, who were the first three abbots. Bernard of Clairvaux entered the monastery in the early 1110s with 30 companions and helped the rapid proliferation of the order. By the end of the 12th century, the order had spread throughout France and into England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Eastern Europe. The keynote of Cistercian life was a return to literal observance of the Rule of St Benedict. Rejecting the developments the Benedictines had undergone, the monks tried to replicate monastic life exactly as it had been in Saint Benedict's time; indeed in various points they went beyond it in austerity. The most striking feature in the reform was the return to manual labour, especially agricultural work in the fields, a special characteristic of Cistercian life. Cistercian architecture is considered one of the most beautiful styles of medieval architecture. Additionally, in relation to fields such as agriculture, hydraulic engineering and metallurgy, the Cistercians became the main force of technological diffusion in medieval Europe. The Cistercians were adversely affected in England by the Protestant Reformation, the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII, the French Revolution in continental Europe, and the revolutions of the 18th century, but some survived and the order recovered in the 19th century.

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Citharizum

Citharizum (from Κιθαριξων) was a town and fortress on the south arm of the Euphrates in the Roman province of Armenia III.

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Claude Aveneau

Claude Aveneau (December 25, 1650 in Laval, France – September 14, 1711 in Quebec) was a Jesuit missionary in New France.

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Claude Chantelou

Claude Chantelou (1617 in Vion, France – November 28, 1664 in Paris) was a Benedictine Patristic scholar and writer.

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Claudius of Besançon

Saint Claudius of Besançon (Saint Claude), sometimes called Claude the Thaumaturge (ca. 607 – June 6, 696 or 699 AD), was a priest, monk, abbot, and bishop.

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Clement Mary Hofbauer

Clement Mary Hofbauer, C.Ss.R., (Klemens Maria Hofbauer) (26 December 1751 – 15 March 1820) was a Moravian hermit and later a priest of the Redemptorist congregation.

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Clement of Alexandria

Titus Flavius Clemens, also known as Clement of Alexandria (Κλήμης ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς; c. 150 – c. 215), was a Christian theologian who taught at the Catechetical School of Alexandria.

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Clergy

Clergy are some of the main and important formal leaders within certain religions.

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Coahuiltecan

The Coahuiltecan were various small, autonomous bands of Native Americans who inhabited the Rio Grande valley in what is now southern Texas and northeastern Mexico.

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Coahuiltecan languages

Coahuiltecan was a proposed language family in John Wesley Powell's 1891 classification of Native American languages Most linguists now reject the view that the Coahuiltecan peoples of southern Texas and adjacent Mexico spoke a single or related languages.

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Coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City

The coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City State in the form that combines two crossed keys and a tiara used as a coat of arms of the Holy See have origins attested from the 14th century.

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Codex Fuldensis

The Codex Fuldensis, also known as the Victor Codex (Hessian State Library, Codex Bonifatianus I), designated by F, is a New Testament manuscript based on the Latin Vulgate made between 541 and 546.

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Colophon (city)

Colophon (Κολοφών) was an ancient city in Ionia.

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Colosseum

The Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium; Italian: Anfiteatro Flavio or Colosseo), is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy.

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Columba Marmion

Columba Marmion, OSB, born Joseph Aloysius Marmion (April 1, 1858 – January 30, 1923) was a Roman Catholic Benedictine Irish monk and the third Abbot of Maredsous Abbey in Belgium.

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Comma Johanneum

The Comma Johanneum, also called the Johannine Comma or the Heavenly Witnesses, is a comma (a short clause) found in Latin manuscripts of the First Epistle of JohnMetzger, Bruce.

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Common Era

Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.

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Common Informers Act 1951

The Common Informers Act 1951 (14 & 15 Geo. 6, c. 39) is an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament that abolishes the principle of, and procedures concerning a common informer.

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Commonitorium (Orientius)

The Commonitorium is the name of a AD 430 poem by the Latin poet and Christian bishop Orientius.

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Conceptualism

Conceptualism is a philosophical theory that explains universality of particulars as conceptualized frameworks situated within the thinking mind.

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Condé Benoist Pallen

Condé Benoist Pallen (December 5, 1858 – May 26, 1929) was an American Catholic editor and author.

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Condemnations of 1210–1277

The Condemnations at the medieval University of Paris were enacted to restrict certain teachings as being heretical.

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Confiteor

The "Confiteor" (so named from its first word, or incipit in Latin, meaning "I confess" or "I acknowledge") is one of the prayers that can be said during the Penitential Act at the beginning of Mass of the Roman Rite in the Catholic Church.

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Cong, County Mayo

Cong (from Cúnga Fheichín meaning "Saint Feichin's narrows") is a village straddling the borders of County Galway and County Mayo, in Ireland.

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Congregation of Christian Retreat

Congregation of Christian Retreat is the name of two Roman Catholic religious institutes, one of priests and one of nuns.

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Congregation of Retreat of the Sacred Heart

The Congregation of Retreat of the Sacred Heart is a Roman Catholic congregation founded in 1678 under the name of the Institute of Retreat, at Quimper, in Brittany, by Mademoiselle Claude-Thérèse de Kerméno under the direction of the Jesuit Father Huby.

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Congregationalist polity

Congregationalist polity, or congregational polity, often known as congregationalism, is a system of ecclesiastical polity in which every local church congregation is independent, ecclesiastically sovereign, or "autonomous".

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Conimbricenses

The Conimbricenses were the Jesuits of the University of Coimbra in Coimbra, Portugal.

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Consanguinity

Consanguinity ("blood relation", from the Latin consanguinitas) is the property of being from the same kinship as another person.

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Consecration

Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service, usually religious.

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Constance Kent

Constance Emily Kent (6 February 1844 – 10 April 1944) was an English woman who confessed to a notorious child murder, of her half-brother, that took place when she was 16 years old.

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Contrition

In Christian theology, contrition or contriteness (from the Latin contritus 'ground to pieces', i.e. crushed by guilt) is repentance for sins one has committed.

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Corbinian

Saint Corbinian (c. 670 – 8 September c. 730) was a Frankish bishop.

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Cornelius Heeney

Cornelius Heeney (1754 – May 3, 1848) was an IAmerican merchant and politician.

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Corporal of Bolsena

The Corporal of Bolsena dates from a Eucharistic miracle in Bolsena, Italy, in 1263 when a consecrated host allegedly began to bleed onto a corporal, the small cloth upon which the host and chalice rest during the Canon of the Mass.

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Corrector

A corrector (English plural correctors, Latin plural correctores) is a person or object practicing correction, usually by removing or rectifying errors.

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Corycus

Corycus (Κώρυκος; also transliterated Corycos or Korykos; translit; Kız Kalesi, lit. "maiden castle") was an ancient city in Cilicia Trachaea, Anatolia, located at the mouth of the valley called Şeytan deresi; the site is now occupied by the town of Kızkalesi (formerly Ghorgos), Mersin Province, Turkey.

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Cosijopii I

Cosijopii II also Cosiiopii II (1502–1563) was the last sovereign of the kingdom of Zaachila, that was named by the aztecs as Teozapotlan.

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Cosmas of Maiuma

Saint Cosmas of Maiuma, also called Cosmas Hagiopolites ("of the Holy City"), Cosmas of Jerusalem, or Cosmas the Melodist, or Cosmas the Poet (d. 773 or 794), was a bishop and an important hymnographer (writer of hymns) of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

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Cosmas the Monk

Cosmas the Monk was a 7th-century clergyman who features in Chalcedonian traditions.

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Cosmatesque

Cosmatesque, or Cosmati, is a style of geometric decorative inlay stonework typical of the architecture of Medieval Italy, and especially of Rome and its surroundings, and derived from that of the Byzantine Empire.

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Cotenna

Cotenna was a city in the Roman province of Pamphylia I in Asia Minor.

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Council of Jerusalem

The Council of Jerusalem or Apostolic Council was held in Jerusalem around AD 50.

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Council of Tarragona

The Council of Tarragona was two distinct Council of the Roman Catholic Church held in the Spanish city of Tarragona.

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Count palatine

Count palatine is a high noble title, used to render several comital (of or relating to a count or earl) styles, in some cases also shortened to Palatine, which can have other meanings as well.

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Cousin marriage

Cousin marriage is marriage between cousins (i.e. people with common grandparents or people who share other fairly recent ancestors).

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Covenanter

The Covenanters were a Scottish Presbyterian movement that played an important part in the history of Scotland, and to a lesser extent that of England and Ireland, during the 17th century.

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Credence table

A credence table is a small side table in the sanctuary of a Christian church which is used in the celebration of the Eucharist.

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Credo quia absurdum

Credo quia absurdum is a Latin phrase that means "I believe because it is absurd.".

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Cremation

Cremation is the combustion, vaporization, and oxidation of cadavers to basic chemical compounds, such as gases, ashes and mineral fragments retaining the appearance of dry bone.

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Crematory

A crematory (also known as a crematorium, cremator or retort) is a machine in which bodies are burned down to the bones, eliminating all soft tissue.

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Crescens the Cynic

Crescans (fl. 2nd century) was a Cynic philosopher who attacked the Christians, and was in turn, attacked by Justin Martyr.

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Crispina

Saint Crispina (died December 5, 304) was a martyr of Africa who suffered during the Diocletian persecution.

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Criticism of Islam

Criticism of Islam has existed since its formative stages.

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Criticism of Muhammad

Criticism of Muhammad has existed since the 7th century, when Muhammad was decried by his non-Muslim Arab contemporaries for preaching monotheism, and by the Jewish tribes of Arabia for his unwarranted appropriation of Biblical narratives and figures and vituperation of the Jewish faith, proclaiming himself as "the last prophet" without performing any miracle nor showing any personal requirement demanded in the Hebrew Bible to distinguish a true prophet chosen by the God of Israel from a false claimant; for these reasons, they gave him the derogatory nickname ha-Meshuggah (מְשֻׁגָּע‬, "the Madman" or "the Possessed").

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Criticism of the Quran

The Quran is viewed to be the scriptural foundation of Islam and is believed by Muslims to have been revealed, without issue, to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel.

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Critique of Pure Reason

The Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft, KrV) (1781, Riga; second edition 1787) is a book by Immanuel Kant that has exerted an enduring influence on Western philosophy.

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Cross

A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two intersecting lines or bars, usually perpendicular to each other.

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Cross of Saint Peter

The Cross of Saint Peter or Petrine Cross is an inverted Latin cross traditionally used as a Christian symbol, but in recent times also used as an anti-Christian or Satanic symbol.

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Crown-cardinal

A crown-cardinal (cardinale della corona) was a cardinal protector of a Roman Catholic nation, nominated or funded by a Catholic monarch to serve as their representative within the College of Cardinals and, on occasion, to exercise the right claimed by some monarchs to veto a candidate for election to the papacy.

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Culture war

The culture war or culture conflict adopts different meanings depending on the time and place where it is used (as it relates to conflicts relevant to a specific area and era).

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Curse

A curse (also called an imprecation, malediction, execration, malison, anathema, or commination) is any expressed wish that some form of adversity or misfortune will befall or attach to some other entity: one or more persons, a place, or an object.

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Cusae

Cusae (Kusai; ⲕⲱⲥⲉⲓ or ⲕⲟⲥⲉⲓ) was a city in Upper Egypt, known to the Ancient Egyptians as Qis or Kis.

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Cuthbert Butler

Cuthbert Butler (born Edward Joseph Aloysius Butler, 6 May 1858 – 1 April 1934) was a Benedictine monk of Downside Abbey in England, who gained notice as an ecclesiastical historian.

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Cuthbert Constable

Cuthbert Constable (c. 1680 – 27 March 1746), born Cuthbert Tunstall, was an English physician and antiquary, "the Catholic Maecenas of his age".

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Cyprian of Toulon

Saint Cyprian of Toulon (Cyprianus Tolonensis) (476 – October 3, 546) was bishop of Toulon during the 6th century.

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Cyrrhus

Cyrrhus (Κύρρος Kyrrhos) was a city in ancient Syria founded by Seleucus Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals.

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Cyrus and John

Saints Cyrus and John (Ciro e Giovanni, اباكير ويوحنا) (d. ca. 304 AD, or 311) are venerated as martyrs. They are especially venerated by the Coptic Church and surnamed Wonderworking Unmercenaries (thaumatourgoi anargyroi) because they are supposed to have healed the sick free of charge. Their feast day is celebrated by the Copts on the sixth day of Tobi, corresponding to 31 January, the day also observed by the Eastern Orthodox Church (see January 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)); on the same day they are commemorated in the Roman Martyrology. The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrate also the finding and translation of their relics on 28 June.P.J. Balestri (1908), The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IV (Robert Appleton Company, New York).

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Cyzicus

Cyzicus (Κύζικος Kyzikos; آیدینجق, Aydıncıḳ) was an ancient town of Mysia in Anatolia in the current Balıkesir Province of Turkey.

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Danaba

Danaba was a town and bishopric in the late Roman province of Phoenicia Secunda.

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Daniel and companions

Saint Daniel and Companions (died October 10, 1227) are venerated as martyrs by the Catholic Church.

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Daniel Francis Feehan

Daniel Francis Feehan (September 24, 1855 – July 19, 1934) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church.

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Daniel William Cahill

Daniel William Cahill (November 28, 1796 – October 28, 1864) was a Roman Catholic preacher, lecturer, writer and educator in Ireland and the United States.

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Daniele da Volterra

Daniele Ricciarelli (15094 April 1566), better known as Daniele da Volterra, was a Mannerist Italian painter and sculptor.

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Danse Macabre

The Danse Macabre (from the French language), also called the Dance of Death, is an artistic genre of allegory of the Late Middle Ages on the universality of death: no matter one's station in life, the Dance Macabre unites all.

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Danse Macabre (novel)

Danse Macabre is the fourteenth book in the Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter series of horror/mystery/erotica novels by Laurell K. Hamilton.

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David

David is described in the Hebrew Bible as the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah.

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David Lewis (Jesuit priest)

David Lewis (1616 – 27 August 1679) was a Jesuit Catholic priest and martyr who was also known as Charles Baker.

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David of Dinant

David of Dinant (1160 – c. 1217) was a pantheistic philosopher.

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David Paul Drach

David Paul Drach (b. Strasbourg, 6 March 1791; d. end of January, 1868, Rome) was a Catholic convert from Judaism, and librarian of the College of Propaganda in Rome.

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David-Augustin de Brueys

David-Augustin de Brueys (18 September 164125 November 1723) was a French theologian and playwright.

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Díaz (surname)

Díaz is a common Spanish surname with multiple meanings in multiple languages.

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De divisione naturae

De divisione naturae ("The division of nature") is the title given by Thomas Gale to his edition (1681) of the work originally titled by Eriugena Periphyseon.

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De Locis Sanctis

De locis sanctis (Concerning sacred places) was composed by the Irish monk Adomnán, a copy being presented to King Aldfrith of Northumbria in 698.

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De revolutionibus orbium coelestium

De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is the seminal work on the heliocentric theory of the Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543).

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Dean (Christianity)

A dean, in a church context, is a cleric holding certain positions of authority within a religious hierarchy.

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Death by sawing

The term "death by sawing" indicates the act of sawing a living person in half, either sagitally (usually midsagitally), or transversely.

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Decades of the New World

Decades of the New World (De orbe novo decades) by Peter Martyr's is a series of letters and reports of the early explorations of Central and South America that was published beginning 1511 and later anthologized.

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Declaration of the Clergy of France

The Declaration of the clergy of France was a four article document of the 1681 Assembly of the French clergy promulgated in 1682 which codified the principles of Gallicanism into a system for the first time in an official and definitive formula.

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Decline of Greco-Roman polytheism

Religion in the Greco-Roman world at the time of the Constantinian shift mostly comprised three main currents.

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Decree

A decree is a rule of law usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution).

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Decretal

Decretals (epistolae decretales) are letters of a pope that formulate decisions in ecclesiastical law of the Catholic Church.

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Dedication of the Basilica of St Mary Major

The Dedication of the Basilica of St Mary Major (In Dedicatione basilicae S. Mariae) is a feast day in the General Roman Calendar, optionally celebrated annually on 5 August with the rank of memorial.

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Defamation

Defamation, calumny, vilification, or traducement is the communication of a false statement that, depending on the law of the country, harms the reputation of an individual, business, product, group, government, religion, or nation.

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Defendens

Saint Defendens of Thebes (San Defendente di Tebe) is venerated as a martyr by the Catholic Church.

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Deir Ali

Deir Ali (دير علي) is a small town in southern Syria, administratively part of the Rif Dimashq Governorate.

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Delegation Apostolic of Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, and Armenia

The Delegation Apostolic of Mesopotamia, Kurdistan, and Armenia was the Papal representative who administered the Latin Rite diocese of Baghdad and oversaw various Eastern Rite dioceses among the Catholic community.

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Delilah

Delilah (Dəlilah, Dəlila, Tiberian Hebrew Dəlilah; Arabic Dalilah meaning "faithless one") is a woman mentioned in the sixteenth chapter of the Book of Judges in the Hebrew Bible.

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Demetrian

Saint Demetrian (d. 912?) is a saint from Cyprus.

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Demographic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina

This article is about the Demographic history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and deals with the country's documented demographics over time.

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Denis Jamet

Denis Jamet, O.M.R., (or Denis Jamay) (died February 26, 1625 in Montargis, France) was a French Recollect friar and Catholic priest and the first superior of the Canadian mission (1615).

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Deo gratias

is Latin for "thanks to God".

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Der Wahrheitsfreund

Der Wahrheitsfreund or Der Wahrheits-Freund (“The Friend of Truth”) was the first German language Catholic newspaper in the United States and one of many German-language newspapers in Cincinnati, Ohio during the nineteenth century.

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Derbe

Derbe (Δέρβη) was a city in the Roman province of Galatia in Asia Minor, and in the ethnic region of Lycaonia.

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Derbe (Diocese)

The Diocese of Derbe is an ancient bishopric located at Derbe in the Roman province of Galatia in Asia Minor, and in the ethnic region of Lycaonia.

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Derna, Libya

Derna (درنة) is a port city in eastern Libya.

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Desecration

Desecration is the act of depriving something of its sacred character, or the disrespectful, contemptuous, or destructive treatment of that which is held to be sacred or holy by a group or individual.

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Detraction

In Roman Catholic theology, detraction is the sin of revealing another person's real faults to a third person without a valid reason, thereby lessening the reputation of that person.

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Deuterocanonical books

The deuterocanonical books (from the Greek meaning "belonging to the second canon") is a term adopted in the 16th century by the Roman Catholic Church to denote those books and passages of the Christian Old Testament, as defined in 1546 by the Council of Trent, that were not found in the Hebrew Bible.

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Development of the New Testament canon

The canon of the New Testament is the set of books Christians regard as divinely inspired and constituting the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

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Development of the Old Testament canon

The Old Testament is the first section of the two-part Christian Biblical canon; the second section is the New Testament.

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Devil

A devil (from Greek: διάβολος diábolos "slanderer, accuser") is the personification and archetype of evil in various cultures.

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Didache

The Didache, also known as The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, is a brief anonymous early Christian treatise, dated by most modern scholars to the first century.

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Diego Álvarez Chanca

Diego Álvarez Chanca (year of birth and death unknown) was a Spanish physician and companion of Christopher Columbus.

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Diego de Saavedra Fajardo

Diego de Saavedra Fajardo (24 August 1648) was a Spanish diplomat and man of letters.

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Diego Muñoz Camargo

Diego Muñoz Camargo (c. 1529 – 1599) was the author of History of Tlaxcala, an illustrated codex that highlights the religious, cultural, and military history of the Tlaxcalan people.

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Dietrich I of Metz

Dietrich of Metz (died 984) was Bishop of Metz from 964 until his death.

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Dimissorial letters

Dimissorial letters (in Latin, litterae dimissoriae) are testimonial letters given by a bishop or by a competent religious superior to his subjects in order that they may be ordained by another bishop.

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Dinting

Dinting is a district of Glossop in Derbyshire, England.

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Diocese of Capaccio

The Italian Catholic Diocese of Capaccio was an historic diocese in Campania.

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Diocese of Cingoli

The Diocese of Cingoli was a Roman Catholic diocese in Italy.

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Diocese of Killaloe

The Diocese of Killaloe may refer either to a Roman Catholic or a Church of Ireland (Anglican) diocese, in Ireland.

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Diocletian

Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus), born Diocles (22 December 244–3 December 311), was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305.

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Diodorus of Tarsus

Diodore of Tarsus (Greek Διόδωρος ὁ Ταρσεύς; died c. 390) was a Christian bishop, a monastic reformer, and a theologian.

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Dionotus

Dionotus, in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia regum Britanniae, whose account of the rulers of Britain is based on ancient Welsh sources disputed by many historians, was the "legendary" king of Cornwall, succeeding his brother Caradocus, and regent of Britain during the campaigns in Gaul of Emperor Magnus Maximus.

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Discalced

A discalced congregation is a religious congregation that goes barefoot or wears sandals.

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Discovery of human antiquity

The discovery of human antiquity was a major achievement of science in the middle of the 19th century, and the foundation of scientific paleoanthropology.

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Dispersion of the Apostles

The Christian Gospel of Mark and Matthew says that, after the Ascension of Jesus, his Apostles "went out and preached everywhere".

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Diversity in early Christian theology

Traditionally in Christianity, orthodoxy and heresy have been viewed in relation to the "orthodoxy" as an authentic lineage of tradition.

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Divinization (Christian)

In Christian theology, divinization (deification, making divine, or theosis) is the transforming effect of divine grace, the spirit of God, or the atonement of Christ.

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Djedkare Isesi

Djedkare Isesi (known in Greek as Tancheres) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the eighth and penultimate ruler of the Fifth Dynasty in the late 25th century to mid-24th century BC, during the Old Kingdom period.

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Djerba

Djerba (جربة), also transliterated as Jerba or Jarbah, is, at, the largest island of North Africa, located in the Gulf of Gabès, off the coast of Tunisia.

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Docimus

Antigonos Dokimos, commonly shortened and Latinized as Docimus (in Greek Δόκιμoς; lived 4th century BC), was one of the officers in the Macedonian army.

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Dodona (see)

The former residential episcopal see of Dodona, situated in the Roman province of Epirus Vetus, is now a titular see of the Catholic Church.

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Domenico Bernini

Domenico Bernini was the son of the artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

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Dometiopolis

Dometiopolis was a city in the Roman province of Isauria in Asia Minor.

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Dominique Antoine Magaud

Dominique Antoine Jean-Baptiste Magaud (4 August 1817, Marseille - 23 December 1899, Marseille) was a French painter, muralist and art school director.

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Dominique Jean Larrey

Dominique Jean Larrey (8 July 1766 – 25 July 1842) was a French surgeon in Napoleon's Grande Armée and an important innovator in battlefield medicine and triage.

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Domnus Apostolicus

Domnus apostolicus, contraction of dominus apostolicus (in a literal translation), is an epithet or title historically applied to popes, especially from the 6th to the 11th centuries, and was sometimes applied to other bishops also.

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Donar's Oak

Jove's Oak (interpretatio romana for Donar's Oak and therefore sometimes referred to as Thor's Oak) was a sacred tree of the Germanic pagans located in an unclear location around what is now the region of Hesse, Germany.

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Donatus of Fiesole

Saint Donatus (Donat, Donnchad) of Fiesole was an Irish teacher and poet, and Bishop of Fiesole, about 829–876.

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Dorylaeum

Dorylaeum or Dorylaion (Δορύλαιον), called Şarhöyük in Turkish language, was an ancient city in Anatolia.

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Downside Abbey

The Basilica of St Gregory the Great at Downside, commonly known as Downside Abbey, is a Benedictine monastery in England and the senior community of the English Benedictine Congregation.

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Dowry

A dowry is a transfer of parental property, gifts or money at the marriage of a daughter.

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Doxology

A doxology (Ancient Greek: δοξολογία doxologia, from δόξα, doxa, "glory" and -λογία, -logia, "saying") is a short hymn of praises to God in various forms of Christian worship, often added to the end of canticles, psalms, and hymns.

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Dragonnades

The "Dragonnades" were a French government policy instituted by King Louis XIV in 1681 to intimidate Huguenot families into either leaving France or converting to Catholicism.

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Drumkilbo

Drumkilbo House is a listed stately home and garden near Meigle, Perthshire in Scotland.

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Dualistic cosmology

Dualism in cosmology is the moral or spiritual belief that two fundamental concepts exist, which often oppose each other.

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Duchy of Nysa

The Duchy of Nysa (Księstwo Nyskie, Niské knížectví) or Duchy of Neisse (Herzogtum Neisse) was one of the duchies of Silesia with its capital at Nysa in Lower Silesia.

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Duchy of Spoleto

The Duchy of Spoleto (Italian: Ducato di Spoleto, Latin: Dŭcā́tus Spōlḗtĭī) was a Lombard territory founded about 570 in central Italy by the Lombard dux Faroald.

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Duchy of the Pentapolis

In the Byzantine Empire, the Duchy of the Pentapolis was a duchy (Latin: ducatus), a territory ruled by a duke (dux) appointed by and under the authority of the Praetorian Prefect of Italy (554–584) and then the Exarch of Ravenna (584–751).

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Dundrennan Abbey

Dundrennan Abbey, in Dundrennan, Scotland, near to Kirkcudbright, was a Cistercian monastery in the Romanesque architectural style, established in 1142 by Fergus of Galloway, King David I of Scotland (1124–53), and monks from Rievaulx Abbey.

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Dungal of Bobbio

Dungal of Bobbio (fl. 811–828) was an Irish monk, teacher, astronomer, and poet.

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Duns Scotus

John Duns, commonly called Duns Scotus (1266 – 8 November 1308), is generally considered to be one of the three most important philosopher-theologians of the High Middle Ages (together with Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham).

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Dutch people

The Dutch (Dutch), occasionally referred to as Netherlanders—a term that is cognate to the Dutch word for Dutch people, "Nederlanders"—are a Germanic ethnic group native to the Netherlands.

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Early centers of Christianity

Early Christianity (generally considered the time period from its origin to the First Council of Nicaea in 325) spread from the Eastern Mediterranean throughout the Roman Empire and beyond.

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Early Christianity

Early Christianity, defined as the period of Christianity preceding the First Council of Nicaea in 325, typically divides historically into the Apostolic Age and the Ante-Nicene Period (from the Apostolic Age until Nicea).

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Early Irish law

Early Irish law, also called Brehon law, comprised the statutes which governed everyday life in Early Medieval Ireland.

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Easter

Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the Book of Common Prayer, "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher and Samuel Pepys and plain "Easter", as in books printed in,, also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary 30 AD.

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Eastern Catholic Churches

The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches, and in some historical cases Uniate Churches, are twenty-three Eastern Christian particular churches sui iuris in full communion with the Pope in Rome, as part of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Ebionites

Ebionites (Ἐβιωναῖοι Ebionaioi, derived from Hebrew אביונים ebyonim, ebionim, meaning "the poor" or "poor ones") is a patristic term referring to a Jewish Christian movement that existed during the early centuries of the Christian Era.

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Ecclesiastical history of Braga

The region around the city of Braga, in modern Portugal, was an important centre for the spreading of Christendom in the Iberian Peninsula.

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Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church

Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church refers to the history of the Catholic Church as an institution, written from a particular perspective.

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Ecclesiastical Latin

Ecclesiastical Latin, also called Liturgical Latin or Church Latin, is the form of Latin that is used in the Roman and the other Latin rites of the Catholic Church, as well as in the Anglican Churches, Lutheran Churches, Methodist Churches, and the Western Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church, for liturgical purposes.

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Ecclesiastical privileges

In the canon law of the Catholic Church, ecclesiastical privileges are the privileges enjoyed by the clergy.

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Ecclesiastical province

An ecclesiastical province is one of the basic forms of jurisdiction in Christian Churches with traditional hierarchical structure, including Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity.

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Eclogue 4

Eclogue 4, also known as the Fourth Eclogue, is the name of a Latin poem by the Roman poet Virgil.

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Edessa

Edessa (Ἔδεσσα; الرها ar-Ruhā; Şanlıurfa; Riha) was a city in Upper Mesopotamia, founded on an earlier site by Seleucus I Nicator ca.

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Edmond John Fitzmaurice

Edmond John Fitzmaurice (June 24, 1881 – July 26, 1962) was an Irish-born prelate of the Catholic Church.

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Edmund Bonner

Edmund Bonner (also Boner; c. 1500 – 5 September 1569) was Bishop of London from 1539–49 and again from 1553-59.

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Edmund Michael Dunne

Edmund Michael Dunne (February 2, 1864 – October 17, 1929) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Edom

Edom (Assyrian: 𒌑𒁺𒈠𒀀𒀀 Uduma; Syriac: ܐܕܘܡ) was an ancient kingdom in Transjordan located between Moab to the northeast, the Arabah to the west and the Arabian Desert to the south and east.

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Edward A. Pace

Edward A. Pace (July 3, 1861 – April 26, 1938) was a Roman Catholic priest of the Diocese of St. Augustine, Florida.

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Edward Barron

Edward Barron (1801-1854) was an Irish born missionary bishop who led the Catholic mission to Liberia.

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Edward Colman

Edward Colman or Coleman (17 May 1636 – 3 December 1678) was an English Catholic courtier under Charles II of England.

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Edward Fitzgerald (bishop)

Edward Mary Fitzgerald (October 28, 1833—February 21, 1907) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Edward John O'Dea

Edward John O'Dea (November 23, 1856 – December 25, 1932) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Edward Joseph Dunne

Edward Joseph Dunne (April 23, 1848 – August 5, 1910) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Einhard

Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart; Einhardus; 775 – March 14, 840 AD) was a Frankish scholar and courtier.

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Ekkehard of Aura

Ekkehard of Aura (Ekkehardus Uraugiensis; died 1126) was the Abbot of Aura (a monastery founded by Otto, Bishop of Bamberg, on the Franconian Saale river, near Bad Kissingen, Bavaria) from 1108.

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Elcesaites

The Elcesaites, Elkasaites, Elkesaites or Elchasaites were an ancient Jewish Christian sect in Sassanid southern Mesopotamia.

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Eleutherius of Tournai

Saint Eleutherius of Tournai (Eleuthère) (died c. 532) is venerated as a saint and considered the first bishop of Tournai.

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Elevation (liturgy)

In Christian liturgy the elevation is a ritual raising of the consecrated elements of bread and wine during the celebration of the Eucharist.

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Elisha

Elisha (Greek: Ἐλισαῖος, Elisaîos or Ἐλισαιέ, Elisaié) was, according to the Hebrew Bible, a prophet and a wonder-worker.

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Embolism (liturgy)

The embolism in Christian liturgy (from Greek ἐμβολισμός, an interpolation) is a short prayer said or sung after the Lord's Prayer.

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Emeterius and Celedonius

Saints Emeterius (Hemeterius) and Celedonius (San Emeterio y San Celedonio; Emeterius et Caeledonius; died 300 AD) are venerated as saints by the Catholic Church.

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Emly

Emly or Emlybeg or The Marsh is a village in County Tipperary, Ireland.

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Emmeram of Regensburg

Saint Emmeram of Regensburg (also Emeramus, Emmeran, Emeran, Heimrammi, Haimeran, or Heimeran) was a Christian bishop and a martyr born in Poitiers, Aquitaine.

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Encyclopaedia Biblica

Encyclopaedia Biblica: A Critical Dictionary of the Literary, Political and Religion History, the Archeology, Geography and Natural History of the Bible (1899), edited by Thomas Kelly Cheyne and J. Sutherland Black, is a critical encyclopedia of the Bible.

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Encyclopaedia of Islam

The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is an encyclopaedia of the academic discipline of Islamic studies published by Brill.

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Ensoulment

In religion, ensoulment is the moment at which a human being gains a soul.

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Eosterwine

Eosterwine (or Easterwine) (650 – 7 March 686) was the second Anglo-Saxon Abbot of Wearmouth in Northumbria (England).

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Epact

The epact (Latin epactae, from Greek: epaktai hèmerai.

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Epiclesis

The epiclesis (also spelled epiklesis; from ἐπίκλησις "invocation" or "calling down from on high") is the part of the Anaphora (Eucharistic Prayer) by which the priest invokes the Holy Spirit (or the power of His blessing) upon the Eucharistic bread and wine in some Christian churches.

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Epistle of James

The Epistle of James (Iakōbos), the Book of James, or simply James, is one of the 21 epistles (didactic letters) in the New Testament.

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Epistle to the Hebrews

The Epistle to the Hebrews, or Letter to the Hebrews, or in the Greek manuscripts, simply To the Hebrews (Πρὸς Έβραίους) is one of the books of the New Testament.

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Epistle to the Romans

The Epistle to the Romans or Letter to the Romans, often shortened to Romans, is the sixth book in the New Testament.

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Erhard of Regensburg

Saint Erhard of Regensburg was bishop of Regensburg in the 7th century.

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Ernan

Ernan (variants include Ernain, Ernin, Ethernanus) is the name of four Irish saints.

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Ernest-François Mallard

Ernest-François Mallard (4 February 1833 – 6 July 1894) was a French mineralogist and a member of the French Academy of Sciences.

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Ernst Maria Lieber

Philipp Ernst Maria Lieber (16 November 1838, Bad Camberg, Duchy of Nassau – 31 March 1902, Bad Camberg) was a German Centre party politician and member of the Reichstag.

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Ernulf

Ernulf (1040– 15 March 1124) was a French Benedictine monk who became prior of Christ Church in Canterbury, abbot of Peterborough, and bishop of Rochester in England.

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Essence

In philosophy, essence is the property or set of properties that make an entity or substance what it fundamentally is, and which it has by necessity, and without which it loses its identity.

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Essence–energies distinction

The essence–energies distinction is an Eastern Orthodox theological concept that states that there is a distinction between the essence (ousia) and the energies (energeia) of God.

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Esther

Esther, born Hadassah, is the eponymous heroine of the Book of Esther.

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Ethnic groups in Baltimore

There have been various ethnic groups in Baltimore, Maryland and its surrounding area since it was founded as a British colony in 1661.

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Eucharius

Saint Eucharius is venerated as the first bishop of Trier.

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Eugène Boré

Eugène Boré (1809 – 1878) was a leading missionary and linguist.

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Eulalia of Barcelona

Saint Eulalia (Aulaire, Aulazia, Olalla, Eulària) (c. 290–12 February 303), co-patron saint of Barcelona, was a 13-year-old Roman Christian virgin who suffered martyrdom in Barcelona during the persecution of Christians in the reign of emperor Diocletian (although the Sequence of Saint Eulalia mentions the "pagan king" Maximian).

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Euprepius of Verona

Saint Euprepius of Verona (Euprepus, Puprepis), is venerated as the first bishop of Verona.

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Eusebius of Nicomedia

Eusebius of Nicomedia (died 341) was the man who baptised Constantine the Great.

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Euthymius of Sardis

Euthymius of Sardis (Εὐθύμιος Σάρδεων, 751 or 754 – 26 December 831) was metropolitan bishop of Sardis between ca.

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Eutychius of Alexandria

Eutychius of Alexandria (Arabic: Sa'id ibn Batriq or Bitriq; 10 September 877 – 12 May 940) was the Melkite Patriarch of Alexandria.

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Evangelical counsels

The three evangelical counsels or counsels of perfection in Christianity are chastity, poverty (or perfect charity), and obedience.

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Evasius

Saint Evasius (Sant'Evasio; probably third century AD) is believed to have been a missionary and bishop of Asti, in north-west Italy.

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Evesham

Evesham is a market town and parish in the Wychavon district of Worcestershire, southern England with a population of 23,576, according to the 2011 census.

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Evesham Abbey

Evesham Abbey was founded by Saint Egwin at Evesham in Worcestershire, England between 700 and 710 AD following an alleged vision of the Virgin Mary by a swineherd by the name of Eof.

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Evremar

Ehremar or Ebramar or Evremar was Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1102 to 1105 or 1107, and then Archbishop of Caesarea.

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Excommunication

Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular receiving of the sacraments.

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Exemption (church)

In the Roman Catholic Church, exemption is the whole or partial release of an ecclesiastical person, corporation, or institution from the authority of the ecclesiastical superior next higher in rank, such as the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg, directly subject to the Holy See.

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Exequatur

An exequatur is a legal document issued by a sovereign authority that permits the exercise or enforcement of a right within the jurisdiction of the authority.

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Exorcism in Christianity

Exorcism in Christianity is the practice of casting out demons from a person they are believed to have possessed.

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Exsultet

The Exsultet (spelled in pre-1920 editions of the Roman Missal as Exultet) or Easter Proclamation, in Latin Praeconium Paschale, is the hymn of praise sung, ideally by a deacon, before the paschal candle during the Easter Vigil in the Roman Rite of Mass.

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Exsurge Domine

Exsurge Domine is a papal bull promulgated on 15 June 1520 by Pope Leo X. It was written in response to the teachings of Martin Luther which opposed the views of the Church.

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Exuperius of Bayeux

Saint Exuperius of Bayeux (Exupère), also known as Spirius (Spire, Soupir, Soupierre), is venerated as the first bishop of Bayeux.

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Fabian Birkowski

Fabian Birkowski (1566 in Lwów – 9 December 1636 in Kraków, Poland) was a Polish writer and preacher.

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Faculty (division)

A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area, or a number of related subject areas.

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Faculty (instrument)

A faculty is a legal instrument or warrant in canon law, especially a judicial or quasi-judicial warrant from an ecclesiastical court or tribunal.

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Faith and rationality

Faith and rationality are two ideologies that exist in varying degrees of conflict or compatibility.

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Faith healing

Faith healing is the practice of prayer and gestures (such as laying on of hands) that are believed by some to elicit divine intervention in spiritual and physical healing, especially the Christian practice.

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Fanny Allen

Frances Margaret ("Fanny") Allen (November 13, 1784 – September 10, 1819) was the first New England woman to become a Catholic nun.

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Fasting and abstinence in the Catholic Church

The Catholic Church historically observes the disciplines of fasting and abstinence at various times each year.

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Father Damien

Father Damien or Saint Damien of Molokai, SS.CC. or Saint Damien De Veuster (Pater Damiaan or Heilige Damiaan van Molokai; 3 January 1840 – 15 April 1889), born Jozef De Veuster, was a Roman Catholic priest from Belgium and member of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, a missionary religious institute.

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Faustino Rayo

Faustino Rayo (died August 6, 1875) was the assassin of President of Ecuador Gabriel Garcia Moreno, who killed him by machete, with the revolver shots of his three conspirators, on August 6, 1875, in Quito, Ecuador.

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Faustinus and Jovita

Saints Jovita and Faustinus were said to be Christian martyrs under Hadrian.

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Fausto Elhuyar

Fausto de Elhuyar (11 October 1755 – 6 February 1833) was a Spanish chemist, and the joint discoverer of tungsten with his brother Juan José Elhuyar in 1783.

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Faversham Abbey

Faversham Abbey was a Cluniac style monastery immediately to the north-east of the town of Faversham, in Kent, England.

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Fear of God

Fear of God refers to fear or a specific sense of respect, awe, and submission to a deity.

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Feast of Saints Peter and Paul

The Feast of Saints Peter and Paul or Solemnity of Saints Peter and Paul is a liturgical feast in honour of the martyrdom in Rome of the apostles Saint Peter and Saint Paul, which is observed on 29 June.

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Febronianism

Febronianism was a powerful movement within the Roman Catholic Church in Germany, in the latter part of the 18th century, directed towards the nationalizing of Catholicism, the restriction of the power of the papacy in favor of that of the episcopate, and the reunion of the dissident churches with Catholic Christendom.

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Felicianus of Musti

Felicianus of Musti (also known as Felician or Felixianus) was a bishop of Musti in Numidia, Roman North Africa, involved in the Donatist controversy of the 4th century.

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Felicitas of Rome

Felicitas of Rome (c. 101 – 165), also anglicized as is a saint numbered among the Christian martyrs.

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Felix de Andreis

Felix de Andreis (May 1, 1778– October 15, 1820) was the first superior of the Congregation of the Mission (Lazarists) in the United States and Vicar-General of upper Louisiana in St. Louis.

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Felix Hemmerlin

Felix Hemmerlin (1388/9 - c. 1460) (German: Hemmerli) was a member of a well-established Zurich family.

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Felix-Joseph Barbelin

The Reverend Felix-Joseph Barbelin, S.J., (30 May 1808 – 8 June 1869) was a 19th-century Jesuit priest influential in the development of the Catholic community in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

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Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor

Ferdinand I (Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1558, king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death.

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Ferdinand Poulton

Ferdinand Poulton, S.J, (c. 1601—June 5, 1641) was a Jesuit missionary in the newly founded Jesuit Mission of Maryland.

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Ferdinand-François-Auguste Donnet

Ferdinand-François-Auguste Donnet (November 16, 1795 in Bourg-Argental, Loire – December 30, 1882) was a French cardinal and Archbishop of Bordeaux (carrying with his colleague of Bourges the title of Primate of Aquitaine).

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Ferdinando d'Adda

Ferdinando d'Adda (27 August 1649 – 27 January 1719) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal, bishop and diplomat.

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Feria

In the liturgy of the Catholic Church, a feria is a day of the week other than Sunday.

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Ferrières Abbey

Ferrières Abbey was a Benedictine monastery situated at Ferrières-en-Gâtinais in the arrondissement of Montargis, in the département of Loiret, France.

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First Council of Braga

In the First Council of Braga of 561 eight bishops took part, and twenty-two decrees were promulgated.

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First Epistle to the Thessalonians

The First Epistle to the Thessalonians, usually referred to simply as First Thessalonians (written 1 Thessalonians and abbreviated 1 Thess. or 1 Thes.), is a book from the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

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First Vatican Council

The First Vatican Council (Concilium Vaticanum Primum) was convoked by Pope Pius IX on 29 June 1868, after a period of planning and preparation that began on 6 December 1864.

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Flavigny Abbey

Flavigny Abbey is a former Benedictine monastery, now occupied by the Dominicans, in Flavigny-sur-Ozerain, Côte-d'Or département, France.

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Flavio Biondo

Flavio Biondo (Latin Flavius Blondus) (1392 – June 4, 1463) was an Italian Renaissance humanist historian.

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Florentine Bechtel

The Reverend Florentine Stanislaus Bechtel, S.J., (Haguenau, Alsace, 4 February 1857 -) was a French-born American Biblical scholar.

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Fontevraud Abbey

The Royal Abbey of Our Lady of Fontevraud or Fontevrault (in French: abbaye de Fontevraud) was a monastery in the village of Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, near Chinon, in Anjou, France.

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Foot washing

Maundy (from the Vulgate of John 13:34 mandatum meaning "command"), or the Washing of the Feet, is a religious rite observed by various Christian denominations.

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Formulary controversy

The formulary controversy was a 17th and 18th century Jansenist refusal to confirm the Formula of Submission for the Jansenists on the part of a group of Catholic ecclesiastical personnel and teachers who did not accept the charge that their beliefs about the nature of man and grace were heretical as the Holy See declared.

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Four Crowned Martyrs

The designation Four Crowned Martyrs or Four Holy Crowned Ones (Latin, Sancti Quatuor Coronati) refers to nine individuals venerated as martyrs and saints in the Catholic Church.

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Four last things

In Christian eschatology, the Four Last Things or four last things of man (quattuor novissima) are Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell, the four last stages of the soul in life and the afterlife.

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Foxe's Book of Martyrs

The Actes and Monuments, popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, is a work of Protestant history and martyrology by John Foxe, first published in English in 1563 by John Day.

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François Baert

François Baert (25 August 1651 – 27 October 1719) was a Belgian Jesuit hagiographer, one of the Bollandists.

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François Bourgade

François Bourgade (born 7 July 1806 in Gaujan, died 21 May 1866 in Paris) was a French missionary and philosopher.

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François Bourgoing (priest)

François Bourgoing (1585 – 1662) was a Superior general of the Oratory of Jesus.

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François Combefis

François Combefis (or Combefisius) (November 1605 – 23 March 1679) was a French Dominican patrologist.

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François Crépieul

François Crépieul (March 16, 1638 —1702) was a Jesuit missionary in Canada and vicar apostolic for the Montagnais Indians.

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Frances of Rome

Frances of Rome, Obl.S.B., (Santa Francesca Romana) (1384 – March 9, 1440) is an Italian saint who was a wife, mother, mystic, organizer of charitable services and a Benedictine oblate who founded a religious community of oblates, who share a common life without religious vows.

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Francesco Brancati

Francesco Brancati (1607 in Sicily – 1671 in China) was an Italian Jesuit missionary.

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Francesco Faà di Bruno

The Blessed Francesco Faà di Bruno (29 March 1825 – 27 March 1888) was an Italian priest and advocate of the poor, a leading mathematician of his era and a noted religious musician.

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Francesco Lana de Terzi

Francesco Lana de Terzi (Brescia, Lombardy 1631 – 22 February 1687 Brescia, Lombardy) was an Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician, naturalist and aeronautics pioneer.

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Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria

Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria (10 April 1612, Lauria – 30 November 1693, Rome) was an Italian cardinal and theologian.

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Francesco Redi

Francesco Redi (18 February 1626 – 1 March 1697) was an Italian physician, naturalist, biologist and poet.

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Francesco Saverio Nitti

Francesco Saverio Vincenzo de Paolo Nitti (19 July 1868 – 20 February 1953) was an Italian economist and political figure.

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Francis de Sales Brunner

Francis de Sales Brunner C.PP.S. (January 10, 1795 – December 29, 1859), in his native German Franz Sales Brunner, was a Roman Catholic missionary priest from Switzerland.

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Francis Fortescue Urquhart

Francis Fortescue Urquhart (1868–1934) was an English academic, the first Roman Catholic to act as a tutorial fellow in the University of Oxford since the 16th century.

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Francis Janssens

Francis August Anthony Joseph Janssens (October 17, 1843 – June 9, 1897) was a Dutch-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Francis Kenrick

Francis Patrick Kenrick (December 3, 1796 – July 8, 1863) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the third Bishop of the Diocese of Philadelphia (1842–1851) and the sixth Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Baltimore (1851–1863).

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Francis McNeirny

Francis McNeirny (April 25, 1828 – January 2, 1894) was an American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Albany from 1877 until his death in 1894.

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Francis Xavier Leray

Francis Xavier Leray (April 20, 1825 – September 23, 1887) was a French-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Bishop of Natchitoches (1877–1879) and Archbishop of New Orleans (1883–1887).

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Francisco de Alvarado

Fray Francisco de Alvarado was a native of Mexico, where he entered the Dominican order 25 July 1574.

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Francisco Javier Alegre

Francisco Xavier Alegre (November 12, 1729 – August 16, 1788) was a Jesuit scholar, translator, and historian of New Spain.

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Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros

Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, O.F.M. (1436 – 8 November 1517), known as Ximenes de Cisneros in his own lifetime, and commonly referred to today as simply Cisneros, was a Spanish cardinal, religious figure, and statesman.

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Francisco Pizarro

Francisco Pizarro González (– 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire.

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Francisco Porró y Reinado

Francisco Bartolomé Porró y Reinado, O.F.M. (October 15, 1739 – January 3, 1814) was a Spanish prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Franco-Provençal language

No description.

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Franz Pfanner

Franz Pfanner (born 1825, Langen, Vorarlberg – 24 May 1909) was an Austrian Trappist monk and founder of in South Africa and the Mariastern Abbey in Banja Luka, Bosnia.

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Fraticelli

The Fraticelli ("Little Brethren") or Spiritual Franciscans were extreme proponents of the rule of Saint Francis of Assisi, especially with regard to poverty, and regarded the wealth of the Church as scandalous, and that of individual churchmen as invalidating their status.

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Fray Tomás de Berlanga

Fray Tomás de Berlanga (1487 – 8 August 1551) was the fourth Bishop of Panamá.

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Frédéric Alfred Pierre, comte de Falloux

Frédéric-Alfred-Pierre, comte de Falloux (7 May 1811 – 6 January 1886) was a French politician and author, famous for having given his name to two laws on education, favoring private Catholic teaching.

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Frederick Eis

Frederick Eis (January 20, 1843 – May 5, 1926) was a German-born Catholic bishop in the United States.

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Free will

Free will is the ability to choose between different possible courses of action unimpeded.

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Frequent Communion

Frequent Communion is the Roman Catholic practice of receiving the Eucharist frequently, as opposed to the usual medieval practice of receiving it once or a few times a year, by going to mass on Sundays.

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Fridianus

Saint Fridianus (San Frediano, also Frigidanus, Frigidian, Frigianu), was an Irish prince and hermit, fl.

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Fulcran

Saint Fulcran (died 13 February 1006) was a French saint.

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Furness Abbey

Furness Abbey, or St.

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Gabbatha

Gabbatha (Aramaic גבתא) is the Aramaic name of a place in Jerusalem that is also referred to by the Greek name of Lithostrōtos (Greek λιθόστρωτος).

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Gabriel Barletta

Gabriel Barletta or Gabriele da Barletta (Barletta, Italy, 15th century) was a Catholic preacher of the Dominican Order, whose sermons were widely published in Italy after his death.

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Gabriel Bucelin

Gabriel Bucelin (also Gabriel Buzlin, Gabriel Bincelint, or Gabriel Bucelinus) (29 December 1599, Diessenhofen, Thurgau – 9 June 1681, Weingarten) was a Benedictine polymath, Humanist, historical writer and cartographer.

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Gabriel García Moreno

Gabriel Gregorio Fernando José María García y Moreno y Morán de Buitrón (December 24, 1821 – August 6, 1875) was an Ecuadorian politician who twice served as President of Ecuador (1861–65 and 1869–75) and was assassinated during his second term, after being elected to a third.

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Gafsa

Gafsa (ڨفصة), originally called Capsa in Latin, is the capital of Gafsa Governorate of Tunisia.

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Gallican Rite

The Gallican Rite is a historical version of Christian liturgy and other ritual practices in Western Christianity.

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Gardiki, Trikala

Gardiki is a village and a community in the Trikala regional unit of Greece's Thessaly region.

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Gaspar de Carvajal

Gaspar de Carvajal (1500–1584) was a Spanish Dominican missionary to the New World, known for chronicling some of the explorations of the Amazon.

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Gatianus of Tours

Gatianus (Catianus, Gatianus, Gratianus; Cassien, Gatien, Gratien) (3rd century CE) was the founding bishop of the see of Tours.

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Gaudentius of Brescia

Saint Gaudentius (San Gaudenzio di Brescia; died 410) was Bishop of Brescia from 387 until 410, and was a theologian and author of many letters and sermons.

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Gaziura

Gaziura (Greek: Γαζίουρα), was a town in Pontus, on the river Iris, near the point where its course turns northwards.

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General judgment

General judgment is the Christian theological concept of a judgment of the dead by nation and as a whole.

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General Roman Calendar of 1954

This article lists the feast days of the General Roman Calendar as they were at the end of 1954.

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Gentry

The gentry (genterie; Old French gentil: "high-born") are the "well-born, genteel, and well-bred people" of the social class below the nobility of a society.

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Geoffrey de Runcey

Geoffrey de Runcey (1340s?–1384) was a 14th century chronicler and abbey servant who wrote a valuable, although now-incomplete journal of his travels around medieval East Anglia.

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Georg Rafael Donner

Georg Rafael Donner (24 May 1693 – 15 February 1741) was one of the most prolific Austrian sculptors of the 18th century.

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Georg Ratzinger (politician)

Georg Ratzinger (April 3, 1844 in Rickering at Deggendorf – December 3, 1899 in Munich) was a German Catholic priest, political economist, social reformer, author and politician.

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George Albert Guertin

George Albert Guertin (February 17, 1869 – August 6, 1931) was an American Roman Catholic bishop.

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George Cassander

George Cassander (or Cassant) (1513 – 3 February 1566) was a Flemish theologian.

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George Francis Houck

George Francis Houck (&ndash) was Chancellor of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland.

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George Leo Haydock

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), scion of an ancient English Catholic Recusant family, was a priest, pastor and Bible scholar.

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George Martinuzzi

George Martinuzzi, O.S.P. (born Juraj Utješinović, also known as György Martinuzzi, Brother György, Georg Utiessenovicz-Martinuzzi or György Fráter Fráter György; 1482 – 16 December 1551), was a Croatian nobleman, Pauline monk and Hungarian statesman who supported King John Zápolya and his son, King John Sigismund Zápolya.

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Georgetown University

Georgetown University is a private research university in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States.

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Georgiana Fullerton

Lady Georgiana Fullerton (23 September 1812 – 19 January 1885) was an English novelist.

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Gerónimo de Mendieta

Fray Gerónimo de Mendieta (1525–1604), alternatively Jerónimo de Mendieta, was a Franciscan missionary and historian, who spent most of his life in the Spanish Empire's new possessions in Mexico and Central America.

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Germaine Cousin

Saint Germaine Cousin (Germana Cousin, Germaine of Pibrac, Germana) (1579–1601) is a French saint.

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German Americans

German Americans (Deutschamerikaner) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry.

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Gerolamo Cardano

Gerolamo (or Girolamo, or Geronimo) Cardano (Jérôme Cardan; Hieronymus Cardanus; 24 September 1501 – 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath, whose interests and proficiencies ranged from being a mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, writer, and gambler.

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Gerolamo Emiliani

Gerolamo Emiliani (Gerolamo Emiliani also Jerome Aemilian, Hiëronymus Emiliani) (1486 – 8 February 1537), was an Italian humanitarian, founder of the Somaschi Fathers, and saint.

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Ghassanids

The Ghassanids (الغساسنة; al-Ghasāsinah, also Banū Ghassān "Sons of Ghassān") was an Arab kingdom, founded by descendants of the Azd tribe from Yemen who immigrated in the early 3rd century to the Levant region, where some merged with Hellenized Christian communities, converting to Christianity in the first few centuries AD while others may have already been Christians before emigrating north to escape religious persecution.

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Giacopo Belgrado

Giacopo Belgrado, (November 16, 1704 in Udine – March 26, 1789 in Udine) Italian Jesuit and natural philosopher.

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Gilbert Gifford

Gilbert Gifford (c. November 1560–November 1590) was a double agent who worked for Sir Francis Walsingham and played a role in the uncovering of the Babington Plot.

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Gilles-François de Beauvais

Gilles-François de Beauvais (7 July 1693 - c. 1773) was a French Jesuit writer and preacher.

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Gilles-Marie Oppenordt

Gilles-Marie Oppenordt (27 July 1672 – 13 March 1742) was a celebrated French designer at the Bâtiments du Roi, the French royal works, and one of the initiators of the Rocaille and Rococo styles, nicknamed "the French Borromini".

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Gino Capponi

Marquis Gino Capponi (13 September 1792 – 3 February 1876) was an Italian statesman and historian.

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Giovanni Battista Castello

Giovanni Battista Castello (1500 or 1509–1569 or 1579) was an Italian historical painter.

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Giovanni Battista Guglielmini

Giovanni Battista Guglielmini (16 August 1763 – 15 December 1817) was an Italian physicist.

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Giovanni Battista Riccioli

Giovanni Battista Riccioli (17 April 1598 – 25 June 1671) was an Italian astronomer and a Catholic priest in the Jesuit order.

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Giovanni Colombini

Giovanni Colombini (c. 1300 - 31 July 1367) was an Italian merchant, and founder of the Congregation of Jesuati.

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Giovanni Francesco Barbarigo

Giovanni Francesco Barbarigo (1658 at Venice – 1730) was an Italian cardinal and nephew of Saint Gregorio Barbarigo (1625–97).

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Giovanni Giuda Giona Battista

Giovanni Giuda Giona Battista was a convert from Judaism to Catholicism and agent for the king of Poland.

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Giulio Alenio

Giulio Aleni (Julius Alenius; 1582– June 10, 1649), in Chinese, was an Italian Jesuit missionary and scholar.

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Giuseppe Bianchini

Giuseppe Bianchini (1704 in Verona – 1764 in Rome) was an Italian Oratorian, biblical, historical, and liturgical scholar.

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Gloria Patri

Gloria Patri, also known as the Gloria, Glory Be to the Father or, colloquially, the Glory Be, is a doxology, a short hymn of praise to God in various Christian liturgies.

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Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange, who was James's nephew and son-in-law.

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Glossary of Christianity

This is a glossary of terms used in Christianity.

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Glossary of the Catholic Church

This is a glossary of terms used within the Catholic Church.

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Goan Catholic literature

Goan Catholic literature is diverse.

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Gobán Saor

The Gobán Saor was a highly skilled smith or architect in Irish history and legend.

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God as the devil

In Christian heresiology, there have been historical claims that certain Christian sects worshipped the devil.

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God becomes the Universe

The belief that God became the Universe is a theological doctrine that has been developed several times historically, and holds that the creator of the universe actually became the universe.

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God the Son

God the Son (Θεός ὁ υἱός) is the second person of the Trinity in Christian theology.

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Godeberta

Saint Godeberta (Godebertha, Godberta) (c. 640 – June 11, c. 700) was a Frankish saint.

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Godefroid Kurth

Godefroid Kurth (1847–1916) was a celebrated Belgian historian and pioneering Christian democrat.

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Godelieve

Saint Godelieve (also known as Godeleva, Godeliève, Godelina) (Sint-Godelieve) (1052 – 6 July 1070) is a Flemish saint.

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Golden Rose

The Golden Rose is a gold ornament, which popes of the Catholic Church have traditionally blessed annually.

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Good Friday

Good Friday is a Christian holiday celebrating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary.

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Good Friday processions in Baliuag

Good Friday processions in Baliuag or Holy Week procession in Baliuag, Bulacan is an event taking place in Holy Week, in a traditional Roman Catholic culture of the St. Augustine Parish Church of Baliuag.

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Good Shepherd

The Good Shepherd (ποιμήν ο καλός, poimḗn o kalós) is an image used in the pericope of John 10:1-21, in which Jesus Christ is depicted as the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for the (His) sheep.

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Gorgonius

Saint Gorgonius of Nicomedia was a Christian martyr, part of the group Gorgonius, Peter Cubicularius and Dorotheus, who died in 304 AD at Nicomedia during the persecution of Emperor Diocletian.

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Gospel of Nicodemus

The Gospel of Nicodemus, also known as the Acts of Pilate (Acta Pilati; Πράξεις Πιλάτου), is an apocryphal gospel claimed to have been derived from an original Hebrew work written by Nicodemus, who appears in the Gospel of John as an associate of Jesus.

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Grace (prayer)

A grace is a short prayer or thankful phrase said before or after eating.

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Gradual

The Gradual (Latin: graduale or responsorium graduale) is a chant or hymn in the liturgical celebration of the Eucharist in the Catholic Church, and among some other Christians.

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Granada chronology

The following is a chronology of the history of the city of Granada, Andalusia, Spain.

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Grand Duchy of Baden

The Grand Duchy of Baden (Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine.

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Grand jury

A grand jury is a legal body empowered to conduct official proceedings and investigate potential criminal conduct, and determine whether criminal charges should be brought.

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Grand Orient de France

The Grand Orient de France (GODF) is the largest of several Masonic organizations in France and the oldest in Continental Europe.

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Grande Chartreuse

Grande Chartreuse is the head monastery of the Carthusian religious order.

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Great Apostasy

In Protestant Christianity, the Great Apostasy is the perceived fallen state of traditional Christianity, especially the Catholic Church, because they claim it allowed traditional Greco-Roman culture (i.e.Greco-Roman mysteries, deities of solar monism such as Mithras and Sol Invictus, pagan festivals and Mithraic sun worship and idol worship) into the church.

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Great Malvern Priory

Great Malvern Priory in Malvern, Worcestershire, England, was a Benedictine monastery c.1075-1540 and is now an Anglican parish church.

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Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem

The Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Πατριαρχεῖον Ἱεροσολύμων, Patriarcheîon Hierosolýmōn) or Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem (كنيسة الروم الأرثوذكس في القدس Kanisatt Ar-rum al-Urtudoks fi al-Quds, literally Rûm/Roman Orthodox Church of Jerusalem), and officially called simply the Patriarchate of Jerusalem, is an autocephalous Church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

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Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem

The Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem or Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, officially Patriarch of Jerusalem, is the head bishop of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, ranking fourth of nine Patriarchs in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

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Gregorio Leti

Gregorio Leti (1630–1701) was an Italian historian and satirist from Milan, who sometimes published under the pseudonym Abbe Gualdi, L'abbé Gualdi, or Gualdus known for his works about the Catholic Church, especially the papacy.

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Gregory of Valencia

Gregory of Valencia (Gregorio de Valencia) (c. 1550 – April 25, 1603) was a Spanish humanist and scholar who was a professor at the University of Ingolstadt.

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Grimketel

Grimketel (died 1047) was an English clergyman who went to Norway as a missionary and was partly responsible for the conversion of Norway to Christianity.

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Grosseto

Grosseto is a city and comune in the central Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of the Province of Grosseto.

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Guaimar IV of Salerno

Guaimar IV (c. 1013 – 2, 3 or 4 June 1052) was Prince of Salerno (1027–1052), Duke of Amalfi (1039–1052), Duke of Gaeta (1040–1041), and Prince of Capua (1038–1047) in Southern Italy over the period from 1027 to 1052.

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Guarino da Verona

Guarino Veronese or Guarino da Verona (1374 – December 14, 1460) was an early figure in the Italian Renaissance.

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Guido de Baysio

Guido de Baysio (born about the middle of the thirteenth century of a noble Ghibelline family; died at Avignon, 10 August 1313) was an Italian canonist.

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Guillaume Briçonnet (Bishop of Meaux)

Guillaume Briçonnet (c. 1472 – 24 January 1534) was the Bishop of Meaux from 1516 until his death in 1534.

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Guillaume de l'Hôpital

Guillaume François Antoine, Marquis de l'Hôpital (1661 – 2 February 1704) was a French mathematician.

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Guillaume Fillastre

Guillaume Fillastre (the Elder) (b. 1348 at La Suze, Maine, France; d. Rome, 6 November 1428) was a French Cardinal, canonist, humanist, and geographer.

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Gunning S. Bedford

Gunning S. Bedford (1806 - 5 September 1870) was a medical writer, teacher and founder of the United States' first obstetrical clinic for those too poor to pay a doctor's fee.

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